# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
-# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Cory Doctorow
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-09-06 11:38+0200\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism n/a\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-09-06 15:54+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
msgid "en"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:6
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: complete-book.xml:6 complete-book.xml:44
msgid "How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism"
msgstr ""
+#. subtitle>
+#. </subtitle
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: complete-book.xml:8
-msgid "<pubdate>2020-??-??</pubdate> <edition>1</edition>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
-#: complete-book.xml:10
-msgid "git-utgaven"
+msgid "<pubdate>2020-??-??</pubdate>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
-#: complete-book.xml:13
+#: complete-book.xml:11
msgid "Cory"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
-#: complete-book.xml:14
+#: complete-book.xml:12
msgid "Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><publisher><address>
-#: complete-book.xml:19
+#: complete-book.xml:17
#, no-wrap
msgid "<city>Oslo</city>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
-#: complete-book.xml:17
+#: complete-book.xml:15
msgid ""
"<publisher> <publishername>Petter Reinholdtsen</publishername> <placeholder "
"type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/> </publisher>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject>
-#: complete-book.xml:25
+#: complete-book.xml:23
msgid ""
"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"images/cc.png\" contentdepth=\"3em\" "
"width=\"100%\" align=\"center\"/> </imageobject> <imageobject> <imagedata "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
-#: complete-book.xml:32
+#: complete-book.xml:30
msgid "Creative Commons, Some rights reserved"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:24
+#: complete-book.xml:22
msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:38
+#: complete-book.xml:36
msgid ""
"This book is licensed under a Creative Commons license. This license permits "
"any use of this work, so long as attribution is given. For more information "
"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:46
msgid "The net of a thousand lies"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:48
msgid ""
"The most surprising thing about the rebirth of flat Earthers in the 21st "
"commonsense belief that the flat-seeming Earth was, indeed, flat."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:56
msgid ""
"But today, when elementary schools routinely dangle GoPro cameras from "
"flat."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:63
msgid ""
"Likewise for white nationalism and eugenics: In an age where you can become "
"a computational genomics datapoint by swabbing your cheek and mailing it to "
-"a gene-sequencing company along with a modest sum of money, “race science” "
-"has never been easier to refute."
+"a gene-sequencing company along with a modest sum of money, <quote>race "
+"science</quote> has never been easier to refute."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:69
msgid ""
"We are living through a golden age of both readily available facts and "
"decades or even centuries have gone mainstream seemingly overnight."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:75
msgid ""
"When an obscure idea gains currency, there are only two things that can "
"the Greta Thunbergs of the world to convince us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:88
msgid ""
"The arguments for ridiculous beliefs in odious conspiracies like "
"refuting facts."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:95
msgid ""
"Anti-vax has been around since the first vaccines, but the early "
"and they have a much harder job."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:104
msgid ""
"So can these far-fetched conspiracy theorists really be succeeding on the "
"basis of superior arguments?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:108
msgid ""
"Some people think so. Today, there is a widespread belief that machine "
"everyday people into flat Earthers, anti-vaxxers, or even Nazis. When the "
"RAND Corporation <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR453/RAND_RR453.pdf\">blames "
-"Facebook for “radicalization”</ulink> and when Facebook’s role in spreading "
-"coronavirus misinformation is <ulink "
+"Facebook for <quote>radicalization</quote></ulink> and when Facebook’s role "
+"
in spreading coronavirus misinformation is <ulink "
"url=\"https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/facebook_threat_health/\">blamed "
"on its algorithm</ulink>, the implicit message is that machine learning and "
"surveillance are causing the changes in our consensus about what’s true."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:124
msgid ""
"After all, in a world where sprawling and incoherent conspiracy theories "
"<emphasis>something</emphasis> must be afoot."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:129
msgid ""
"But what if there’s another explanation? What if it’s the material "
"<emphasis>real conspiracies</emphasis> all around us — conspiracies among "
"wealthy people, their lobbyists, and lawmakers to bury inconvenient facts "
"and evidence of wrongdoing (these conspiracies are commonly known as "
-"“corruption”) — is making people vulnerable to conspiracy theories?"
+"<quote>corruption</quote>) — is making people vulnerable to conspiracy "
+"theories?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:139
msgid ""
"If it’s trauma and not contagion — material conditions and not ideology — "
"ever-more-extreme ideas and communities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:147
msgid ""
"Belief in conspiracy is a raging fire that has done real damage and poses "
"world through the conspiracies they’ve been confused by."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:159
msgid ""
"But firefighting is reactive. We need fire "
"too, tech has a role to play."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:165
msgid ""
"There’s no shortage of proposals to address this. From the EU’s <ulink "
"url=\"https://edri.org/tag/terreg/\">Terrorist Content Regulation</ulink>, "
-"which requires platforms to police and remove “extremist” content, to the "
-"U.S. proposals to <ulink "
+"which requires platforms to police and remove <quote>extremist</quote> "
+"
content, to the U.S. proposals to <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/03/earn-it-act-violates-constitution\">force "
"tech companies to spy on their users</ulink> and hold them liable <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.natlawreview.com/article/repeal-cda-section-230\">for "
"companies to solve the problems they created."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:176
msgid ""
"There’s a critical piece missing from the debate, though. All these "
"solutions assume that tech companies are a fixture, that their dominance "
"over the internet is a permanent fact. Proposals to replace Big Tech with a "
"more diffused, pluralistic internet are nowhere to be found. Worse: The "
-"“solutions” on the table today <emphasis>require</emphasis> Big Tech to stay "
-"big because only the very largest companies can afford to implement the "
-"systems these laws demand."
+"<quote>solutions</quote> on the table today <emphasis>require</emphasis> Big "
+"Tech to stay big because only the very largest companies can afford to "
+"implement the systems these laws demand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:186
msgid ""
"Figuring out what we want our tech to look like is crucial if we’re going to "
"Tech’s stranglehold. We can’t do both, so we have to choose."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:194
msgid ""
"I want us to choose wisely. Taming Big Tech is integral to fixing the "
"internet, and for that, we need digital rights activism."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:198
msgid "Digital rights activism, a quarter-century on"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:200
msgid ""
"Digital rights activism is more than 30 years old now. The Electronic "
"declared broadband a human right in 2010</ulink>), and real-world activism "
"was shoe-leather activism (think of Malcolm Gladwell’s <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-malcolm-gladwell\">contempt "
-"for “clicktivism”</ulink>). But as tech has grown more central to our daily "
-"lives, these accusations of irrelevance have given way first to accusations "
-"of insincerity (“You only care about tech because you’re <ulink "
+"for <quote>clicktivism</quote></ulink>). But as tech has grown more central "
+"to our daily lives, these accusations of irrelevance have given way first to "
+"accusations of insincerity (<quote>You only care about tech because you’re "
+"<ulink "
"url=\"https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/06/04/report-engine-eff-shills-google-patent-reform/id=98007/\">shilling "
-"for tech companies</ulink>”) to accusations of negligence (“Why didn’t you "
-"foresee that tech could be such a destructive force?”). But digital rights "
-"activism is right where it’s always been: looking out for the humans in a "
-"world where tech is inexorably taking over."
+"for tech companies</ulink></quote>) to accusations of negligence (<quote>Why "
+"didn’t you foresee that tech could be such a destructive force?</quote>). "
+"But digital rights activism is right where it’s always been: looking out for "
+"the humans in a world where tech is inexorably taking over."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:221
msgid ""
-"The latest version of this critique comes in the form of “surveillance "
-"capitalism,” a term coined by business professor Shoshana Zuboff in her long "
-"and influential 2019 book, <emphasis>The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The "
-"Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power</emphasis>. Zuboff "
-"argues that “surveillance capitalism” is a unique creature of the tech "
-"industry and that it is unlike any other abusive commercial practice in "
-"history, one that is “constituted by unexpected and often illegible "
-"mechanisms of extraction, commodification, and control that effectively "
-"exile persons from their own behavior while producing new markets of "
-"behavioral prediction and modification. Surveillance capitalism challenges "
-"democratic norms and departs in key ways from the centuries-long evolution "
-"of market capitalism.” It is a new and deadly form of capitalism, a “rogue "
-"capitalism,” and our lack of understanding of its unique capabilities and "
-"dangers represents an existential, species-wide threat. She’s right that "
-"capitalism today threatens our species, and she’s right that tech poses "
-"unique challenges to our species and civilization, but she’s really wrong "
-"about how tech is different and why it threatens our species."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+"The latest version of this critique comes in the form of <quote>surveillance "
+"capitalism,</quote> a term coined by business professor Shoshana Zuboff in "
+"her long and influential 2019 book, <emphasis>The Age of Surveillance "
+"Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of "
+"Power</emphasis>. Zuboff argues that <quote>surveillance capitalism</quote> "
+"is a unique creature of the tech industry and that it is unlike any other "
+"abusive commercial practice in history, one that is <quote>constituted by "
+"unexpected and often illegible mechanisms of extraction, commodification, "
+"and control that effectively exile persons from their own behavior while "
+"producing new markets of behavioral prediction and "
+"modification. Surveillance capitalism challenges democratic norms and "
+"departs in key ways from the centuries-long evolution of market "
+"capitalism.</quote> It is a new and deadly form of capitalism, a "
+"<quote>rogue capitalism,</quote> and our lack of understanding of its unique "
+"capabilities and dangers represents an existential, species-wide "
+"threat. She’s right that capitalism today threatens our species, and she’s "
+"right that tech poses unique challenges to our species and civilization, but "
+"she’s really wrong about how tech is different and why it threatens our "
+"species."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:242
msgid ""
"What’s more, I think that her incorrect diagnosis will lead us down a path "
"Tech, and to do that, we need to start by correctly identifying the problem."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:248
msgid "Tech exceptionalism, then and now"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:250
msgid ""
"Early critics of the digital rights movement — perhaps best represented by "
"campaigning organizations like the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Free "
"Software Foundation, Public Knowledge, and others that focused on preserving "
"and enhancing basic human rights in the digital realm — damned activists for "
-"practicing “tech exceptionalism.” Around the turn of the millennium, serious "
-"people ridiculed any claim that tech policy mattered in the “real world.” "
-"Claims that tech rules had implications for speech, association, privacy, "
-"search and seizure, and fundamental rights and equities were treated as "
-"ridiculous, an elevation of the concerns of sad nerds arguing about "
-"<emphasis>Star Trek</emphasis> on bulletin board systems above the struggles "
-"of the Freedom Riders, Nelson Mandela, or the Warsaw ghetto uprising."
+"practicing <quote>tech exceptionalism.</quote> Around the turn of the "
+"millennium, serious people ridiculed any claim that tech policy mattered in "
+"the <quote>real world.</quote> Claims that tech rules had implications for "
+"speech, association, privacy, search and seizure, and fundamental rights and "
+"equities were treated as ridiculous, an elevation of the concerns of sad "
+"nerds arguing about <emphasis>Star Trek</emphasis> on bulletin board systems "
+"above the struggles of the Freedom Riders, Nelson Mandela, or the Warsaw "
+"ghetto uprising."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:265
msgid ""
-"In the decades since, accusations of “tech exceptionalism” have only "
-"sharpened as tech’s role in everyday life has expanded: Now that tech has "
-"infiltrated every corner of our life and our online lives have been "
+"In the decades since, accusations of <quote>tech exceptionalism</quote> have "
+"only sharpened as tech’s role in everyday life has expanded: Now that tech "
+"has infiltrated every corner of our life and our online lives have been "
"monopolized by a handful of giants, defenders of digital freedoms are "
"accused of carrying water for Big Tech, providing cover for its "
"self-interested negligence (or worse, nefarious plots)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:273
msgid ""
"From my perspective, the digital rights movement has remained stationary "
"for good actors to help users)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:284
msgid ""
-"The “surveillance capitalism” critique recasts the digital rights movement "
-"in a new light again: not as alarmists who overestimate the importance of "
-"their shiny toys nor as shills for big tech but as serene deck-chair "
-"rearrangers whose long-standing activism is a liability because it makes "
-"them incapable of perceiving novel threats as they continue to fight the "
-"last century’s tech battles."
+"The <quote>surveillance capitalism</quote> critique recasts the digital "
+"rights movement in a new light again: not as alarmists who overestimate the "
+"importance of their shiny toys nor as shills for big tech but as serene "
+"deck-chair rearrangers whose long-standing activism is a liability because "
+"it makes them incapable of perceiving novel threats as they continue to "
+"fight the last century’s tech battles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:292
msgid "But tech exceptionalism is a sin no matter who practices it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:295
msgid "Don’t believe the hype"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:297
msgid ""
-"You’ve probably heard that “if you’re not paying for the product, you’re the "
-"product.” As we’ll see below, that’s true, if incomplete. But what is "
-"<emphasis>absolutely</emphasis> true is that ad-driven Big Tech’s customers "
-"are advertisers, and what companies like Google and Facebook sell is their "
-"ability to convince <emphasis>you</emphasis> to buy stuff. Big Tech’s "
-"product is persuasion. The services — social media, search engines, maps, "
-"messaging, and more — are delivery systems for persuasion."
+"You’ve probably heard that <quote>if you’re not paying for the product, "
+"you’re the product.</quote> As we’ll see below, that’s true, if incomplete. "
+"But what is <emphasis>absolutely</emphasis> true is that ad-driven Big "
+"Tech’s customers are advertisers, and what companies like Google and "
+"Facebook sell is their ability to convince <emphasis>you</emphasis> to buy "
+"stuff. Big Tech’s product is persuasion. The services — social media, search "
+"engines, maps, messaging, and more — are delivery systems for persuasion."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:307
msgid ""
"The fear of surveillance capitalism starts from the (correct) presumption "
"indicator of a product’s efficacy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:319
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalism assumes that because advertisers buy a lot of what "
"and commerce."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:326
msgid ""
"Being watched changes your behavior, and not for the better. It creates "
"supercomputers guarantee them perpetual and total world domination."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:340
msgid "What is persuasion?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:342
msgid ""
"To understand why you shouldn’t worry about mind-control rays — but why you "
"<emphasis>should</emphasis> worry about surveillance "
"<emphasis>and</emphasis> Big Tech — we must start by unpacking what we mean "
-"by “persuasion.”"
+"by <quote>persuasion.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:348
msgid ""
"Google, Facebook, and other surveillance capitalists promise their customers "
"purchases, votes, and other desired outcomes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><
sect1><blockquote><para>
#: complete-book.xml:357
msgid ""
"The impact of dominance far exceeds the impact of manipulation and should be "
"central to our analysis and any remedies we seek."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:362
msgid ""
"But there’s little evidence that this is happening. Instead, the predictions "
"things:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: complete-book.xml:369
msgid "1. Segmenting"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:371
msgid ""
"If you’re selling diapers, you have better luck if you pitch them to people "
"for baby products, who haunt maternity wards with baskets full of freebies)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:382
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalism is segmenting times a billion. Diaper vendors can go "
"the like convincingly claim that’s not happening — yet)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:396
msgid "This is seriously creepy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:399
msgid "But it’s not mind control."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:402
msgid "It doesn’t deprive you of your free will. It doesn’t trick you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:405
msgid ""
"Think of how surveillance capitalism works in politics. Surveillance "
"fliers at John Birch Society meetings."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:416
msgid ""
"But this is an inexact and thus wasteful practice. The union organizer can’t "
"Charlottesville, Virginia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:426
msgid ""
"Because targeting improves the yields on political pitches, it can "
"that marched in Charlottesville."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:437
msgid ""
"It’s important to differentiate this kind of political organizing from "
"queer all along."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:446
msgid ""
"But the personal accounts of those who have come out tell a different story "
"ideas."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: complete-book.xml:455
msgid "2. Deception"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:457
msgid ""
"Lies and fraud are pernicious, and surveillance capitalism supercharges them "
"loans."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:469
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalism also abets fraud by making it easy to locate other "
"product."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:479
msgid ""
"Sometimes, online deception involves replacing someone’s correct beliefs "
"belief that vaccines are harmful."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:486
msgid ""
"But it’s much more common for fraud to succeed when it doesn’t have to "
"know what they’re doing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:497
msgid ""
"This is pernicious and difficult — and it’s also the kind of thing the "
"displaced by a false one by means of sophisticated persuasion."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: complete-book.xml:514
msgid "3. Domination"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:516
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalism is the result of monopoly. Monopoly is the cause, "
"nascent competitors, and expanding to control whole market verticals."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:525
msgid ""
"One example of how monopolism aids in persuasion is through dominance: "
"sort order of the responses to our queries. If a cabal of fraudsters have "
"set out to trick the world into thinking that the Brooklyn Bridge is 5,800 "
"feet long, and if Google gives a high search rank to this group in response "
-"to queries like “How long is the Brooklyn Bridge?” then the first eight or "
-"10 screens’ worth of Google results could be wrong. And since most people "
-"don’t go beyond the first couple of results — let alone the first "
-"<emphasis>page</emphasis> of results — Google’s choice means that many "
+"to queries like <quote>How long is the Brooklyn Bridge?</quote> then the "
+"first eight or 10 screens’ worth of Google results could be wrong. And since "
+"most people don’t go beyond the first couple of results — let alone the "
+"first <emphasis>page</emphasis> of results — Google’s choice means that many "
"people will be deceived."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:538
msgid ""
"Google’s dominance over search — more than 86% of web searches are performed "
"company that is too big to audit: break it up into smaller pieces."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:550
msgid ""
-"Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a “rogue capitalism” whose "
+"Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> whose "
"data-hoarding and machine-learning techniques rob us of our free will. But "
"influence campaigns that seek to displace existing, correct beliefs with "
"false ones have an effect that is small and temporary while monopolistic "
"should be central to our analysis and any remedies we seek."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: complete-book.xml:565
msgid "4. Bypassing our rational faculties"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:567
msgid ""
-"<emphasis>This</emphasis> is the good stuff: using machine learning, “dark "
-"patterns,” engagement hacking, and other techniques to get us to do things "
-"that run counter to our better judgment. This is mind control."
+"<emphasis>This</emphasis> is the good stuff: using machine learning, "
+"<quote>dark patterns,</quote> engagement hacking, and other techniques to "
+"get us to do things that run counter to our better judgment. This is mind "
+"control."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:573
msgid ""
"Some of these techniques have proven devastatingly effective (if only in the "
"short term). The use of countdown timers on a purchase completion page can "
"create a sense of urgency that causes you to ignore the nagging internal "
"voice suggesting that you should shop around or sleep on your decision. The "
-"use of people from your social graph in ads can provide “social proof” that "
-"a purchase is worth making. Even the auction system pioneered by eBay is "
-"calculated to play on our cognitive blind spots, letting us feel like we "
-"“own” something because we bid on it, thus encouraging us to bid again when "
-"we are outbid to ensure that “our” things stay ours."
+"use of people from your social graph in ads can provide <quote>social "
+"proof</quote> that a purchase is worth making. Even the auction system "
+"pioneered by eBay is calculated to play on our cognitive blind spots, "
+"letting us feel like we <quote>own</quote> something because we bid on it, "
+"thus encouraging us to bid again when we are outbid to ensure that "
+"<quote>our</quote> things stay ours."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:586
msgid ""
-"Games are extraordinarily good at this. “Free to play” games manipulate us "
-"through many techniques, such as presenting players with a series of "
-"smoothly escalating challenges that create a sense of mastery and "
+"Games are extraordinarily good at this. <quote>Free to play</quote> games "
+"manipulate us through many techniques, such as presenting players with a "
+"series of smoothly escalating challenges that create a sense of mastery and "
"accomplishment but which sharply transition into a set of challenges that "
"are impossible to overcome without paid upgrades. Add some social proof to "
"the mix — a stream of notifications about how well your friends are faring — "
"level."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:597
msgid ""
-"Companies have risen and fallen on these techniques, and the “fallen” part "
-"is worth paying attention to. In general, living things adapt to stimulus: "
-"Something that is very compelling or noteworthy when you first encounter it "
-"fades with repetition until you stop noticing it altogether. Consider the "
-"refrigerator hum that irritates you when it starts up but disappears into "
-"the background so thoroughly that you only notice it when it stops again."
+"Companies have risen and fallen on these techniques, and the "
+"<quote>fallen</quote> part is worth paying attention to. In general, living "
+"things adapt to stimulus: Something that is very compelling or noteworthy "
+"when you first encounter it fades with repetition until you stop noticing it "
+"altogether. Consider the refrigerator hum that irritates you when it starts "
+"up but disappears into the background so thoroughly that you only notice it "
+"when it stops again."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:607
msgid ""
-"That’s why behavioral conditioning uses “intermittent reinforcement "
-"schedules.” Instead of giving you a steady drip of encouragement or "
+"That’s why behavioral conditioning uses <quote>intermittent reinforcement "
+"schedules.</quote> Instead of giving you a steady drip of encouragement or "
"setbacks, games and gamified services scatter rewards on a randomized "
"schedule — often enough to keep you interested and random enough that you "
"can never quite find the pattern that would make it boring."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:615
msgid ""
"Intermittent reinforcement is a powerful behavioral tool, but it also "
"represents a collective action problem for surveillance capitalism. The "
-"“engagement techniques” invented by the behaviorists of surveillance "
-"capitalist companies are quickly copied across the whole sector so that what "
-"starts as a mysteriously compelling fillip in the design of a service—like "
-"“pull to refresh” or alerts when someone likes your posts or side quests "
-"that your characters get invited to while in the midst of main "
-"quests—quickly becomes dully ubiquitous. The impossible-to-nail-down "
-"nonpattern of randomized drips from your phone becomes a grey-noise wall of "
-"sound as every single app and site starts to make use of whatever seems to "
-"be working at the time."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+"<quote>engagement techniques</quote> invented by the behaviorists of "
+"surveillance capitalist companies are quickly copied across the whole sector "
+"so that what starts as a mysteriously compelling fillip in the design of a "
+"service—like <quote>pull to refresh</quote> or alerts when someone likes "
+"your posts or side quests that your characters get invited to while in the "
+"midst of main quests—quickly becomes dully ubiquitous. The "
+"impossible-to-nail-down nonpattern of randomized drips from your phone "
+"becomes a grey-noise wall of sound as every single app and site starts to "
+"make use of whatever seems to be working at the time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:630
msgid ""
"From the surveillance capitalist’s point of view, our adaptive capacity is "
"base had halved."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:645
msgid ""
"Not everyone, of course. Some people never adapt to stimulus, just as some "
"collapse."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:653
msgid ""
"But surveillance capitalism’s margins on behavioral modification "
"while surveillance capitalism rakes in infinitesimal penny fractions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:663
msgid ""
"Slot machines’ high returns mean that they can be profitable just by "
"every success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: complete-book.xml:681
msgid ""
"The vulnerability of small segments of the population to dramatic, efficient "
"energy. But it’s not an existential threat to society."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:688
msgid "If data is the new oil, then surveillance capitalism’s engine has a leak"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:691
msgid ""
"This adaptation problem offers an explanation for one of surveillance "
"parties."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:698
msgid ""
"Zuboff observes this phenomenon and concludes that data must be very "
"valuable if surveillance capitalism is so hungry for it. (In her words: "
-"“Just as industrial capitalism was driven to the continuous intensification "
-"of the means of production, so surveillance capitalists and their market "
-"players are now locked into the continuous intensification of the means of "
-"behavioral modification and the gathering might of instrumentarian power.”) "
-"But what if the voracious appetite is because data has such a short "
-"half-life — because people become inured so quickly to new, data-driven "
-"persuasion techniques — that the companies are locked in an arms race with "
-"our limbic system? What if it’s all a Red Queen’s race where they have to "
-"run ever faster — collect ever-more data — just to stay in the same spot?"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+"<quote>Just as industrial capitalism was driven to the continuous "
+"intensification of the means of production, so surveillance capitalists and "
+"their market players are now locked into the continuous intensification of "
+"the means of behavioral modification and the gathering might of "
+"instrumentarian power.</quote>) But what if the voracious appetite is "
+"because data has such a short half-life — because people become inured so "
+"quickly to new, data-driven persuasion techniques — that the companies are "
+"locked in an arms race with our limbic system? What if it’s all a Red "
+"Queen’s race where they have to run ever faster — collect ever-more data — "
+"just to stay in the same spot?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:713
msgid ""
"Of course, all of Big Tech’s persuasion techniques work in concert with one "
"another, and collecting data is useful beyond mere behavioral trickery."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:718
msgid ""
"If someone wants to recruit you to buy a refrigerator or join a pogrom, they "
"someone like you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:732
msgid ""
"Each phase of this process benefits from surveillance: The more data they "
"rebate in April."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:739
msgid ""
"Also, the more data they have, the better they can craft deceptive messages "
"— if I know that you’re into genealogy, I might not try to feed you "
-"pseudoscience about genetic differences between “races,” sticking instead to "
-"conspiratorial secret histories of “demographic replacement” and the like."
+"pseudoscience about genetic differences between <quote>races,</quote> "
+"sticking instead to conspiratorial secret histories of <quote>demographic "
+"replacement</quote> and the like."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:746
msgid ""
"Facebook also helps you locate people who have the same odious or antisocial "
"Earth is flat."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:756
msgid ""
"There is one way in which targeted advertising uniquely benefits those "
"people who don’t want refrigerators, resulting in a lot of wasted expense."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:771
msgid ""
"But even if you wanted to advertise your Nazi movement on a billboard or "
"damage, etc.) from other people who disagree with your views."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:779
msgid ""
"Targeted ads solve this problem: On the internet, every ad unit can be "
"or billboard owner who might want to run a Nazi ad."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:790
msgid ""
"Online ads are placed by algorithms that broker between a diverse ecosystem "
"publication and that the publication has no idea who its advertisers are."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:804
msgid ""
"These layers of indirection between advertisers and publishers serve as "
"able to overcome significant barriers to organizing their movement."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:812
msgid ""
"Data has a complex relationship with domination. Being able to spy on your "
"to head off your rivals at the pass."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:817
msgid ""
"More importantly, if you can dominate the information space while also "
"domination deprives your target of an escape route."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:826
msgid ""
"If you’re a Nazi who wants to ensure that your prospects primarily see "
"deceptive, confirming information when they search for more, you can improve "
"your odds by seeding the search terms they use through your initial "
-"communications. You don’t need to own the top 10 results for “voter "
-"suppression” if you can convince your marks to confine their search terms to "
-"“voter fraud,” which throws up a very different set of search results."
+"communications. You don’t need to own the top 10 results for <quote>voter "
+"suppression</quote> if you can convince your marks to confine their search "
+"terms to <quote>voter fraud,</quote> which throws up a very different set of "
+"search results."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:835
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalists are like stage mentalists who claim that their "
"cameras, sleight of hand, and brute-force memorization to amaze you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:842
msgid ""
"Or perhaps they’re more like pick-up artists, the misogynistic cult that "
"promises to help awkward men have sex with women by teaching them "
-"“neurolinguistic programming” phrases, body language techniques, and "
-"psychological manipulation tactics like “negging” — offering unsolicited "
-"negative feedback to women to lower their self-esteem and prick their "
-"interest."
+"<quote>neurolinguistic programming</quote> phrases, body language "
+"techniques, and psychological manipulation tactics like "
+"<quote>negging</quote> — offering unsolicited negative feedback to women to "
+"lower their self-esteem and prick their interest."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:850
msgid ""
"Some pick-up artists eventually manage to convince women to go home with "
"them, but it’s not because these men have figured out how to bypass women’s "
-"critical faculties. Rather, pick-up artists’ “success” stories are a mix of "
-"women who were incapable of giving consent, women who were coerced, women "
-"who were intoxicated, self-destructive women, and a few women who were sober "
-"and in command of their faculties but who didn’t realize straightaway that "
-"they were with terrible men but rectified the error as soon as they could."
+"critical faculties. Rather, pick-up artists’ <quote>success</quote> stories "
+"are a mix of women who were incapable of giving consent, women who were "
+"coerced, women who were intoxicated, self-destructive women, and a few women "
+"who were sober and in command of their faculties but who didn’t realize "
+"straightaway that they were with terrible men but rectified the error as "
+"soon as they could."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:861
msgid ""
"Pick-up artists <emphasis>believe</emphasis> they have figured out a secret "
"the men who use them as irredeemable losers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:870
msgid ""
"Pick-up artists are proof that people can believe they have developed a "
"secrets of pick-up artistry."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:888
msgid ""
-"Department store pioneer John Wanamaker is said to have lamented, “Half the "
-"money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I don’t know which "
-"half.” The fact that Wanamaker thought that only half of his advertising "
-"spending was wasted is a tribute to the persuasiveness of advertising "
-"executives, who are <emphasis>much</emphasis> better at convincing potential "
-"clients to buy their services than they are at convincing the general public "
-"to buy their clients’ wares."
+"Department store pioneer John Wanamaker is said to have lamented, "
+"<quote>Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I "
+"don’t know which half.</quote> The fact that Wanamaker thought that only "
+"half of his advertising spending was wasted is a tribute to the "
+"persuasiveness of advertising executives, who are <emphasis>much</emphasis> "
+"better at convincing potential clients to buy their services than they are "
+"at convincing the general public to buy their clients’ wares."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:898
msgid "What is Facebook?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:900
msgid ""
"Facebook is heralded as the origin of all of our modern plagues, and it’s "
"users <emphasis>and</emphasis> spying on them all the time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:912
msgid ""
"Facebook’s surveillance regime is really without parallel in the Western "
"world. Though Facebook tries to prevent itself from being visible on the "
"public web, hiding most of what goes on there from people unless they’re "
"logged into Facebook, the company has nevertheless booby-trapped the entire "
-"web with surveillance tools in the form of Facebook “Like” buttons that web "
-"publishers include on their sites to boost their Facebook profiles. Facebook "
-"also makes various libraries and other useful code snippets available to web "
-"publishers that act as surveillance tendrils on the sites where they’re "
-"used, funneling information about visitors to the site — newspapers, dating "
-"sites, message boards — to Facebook."
+"web with surveillance tools in the form of Facebook <quote>Like</quote> "
+"buttons that web publishers include on their sites to boost their Facebook "
+"profiles. Facebook also makes various libraries and other useful code "
+"snippets available to web publishers that act as surveillance tendrils on "
+"the sites where they’re used, funneling information about visitors to the "
+"site — newspapers, dating sites, message boards — to Facebook."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><
sect1><blockquote><para>
#: complete-book.xml:926
msgid ""
"Big Tech is able to practice surveillance not just because it is tech but "
"because it is <emphasis>big</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:931
msgid ""
"Facebook offers similar tools to app developers, so the apps — games, fart "
"schooling — you use will send information about your activities to Facebook "
"even if you don’t have a Facebook account and even if you don’t download or "
"use Facebook apps. On top of all that, Facebook buys data from third-party "
-"brokers on shopping habits, physical location, use of “loyalty” programs, "
-"financial transactions, etc., and cross-references that with the dossiers it "
-"develops on activity on Facebook and with apps and the public web."
+"brokers on shopping habits, physical location, use of <quote>loyalty</quote> "
+"programs, financial transactions, etc., and cross-references that with the "
+"dossiers it develops on activity on Facebook and with apps and the public "
+"web."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:942
msgid ""
"Though it’s easy to integrate the web with Facebook — linking to news "
"of other services that you use."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:954
msgid ""
"And Facebook is incredibly popular, with 2.3 billion claimed users (though "
"out to anyone with a few bucks to spend."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:965
msgid ""
"To understand what role Facebook plays in the formulation and mobilization "
"of antisocial movements, we need to understand the dual nature of Facebook."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:970
msgid ""
"Because it has a lot of users and a lot of data about those users, Facebook "
"fridge."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:985
msgid ""
"Facebook makes finding people shopping for refrigerators a "
"be subjected to traditional, offline targeted refrigerator marketing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1001
msgid ""
"Facebook also makes it a lot easier to find people who have the same rare "
"the four corners of the Earth."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1009
msgid ""
"Facebook also makes it much easier to find people who hold the same rare "
"people in your life."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1022
msgid ""
"All of this presents a dilemma for Facebook: Targeting makes the company’s "
"that Facebook ads are more effective than ads on systems with less "
"sophisticated targeting, advertisers can also see that in nearly every case, "
"the people who see their ads ignore them. Or, at best, the ads work on a "
-"subconscious level, creating nebulous unmeasurables like “brand "
-"recognition.” This means that the price per ad is very low in nearly every "
-"case."
+"subconscious level, creating nebulous unmeasurables like <quote>brand "
+"recognition.</quote> This means that the price per ad is very low in nearly "
+"every case."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1033
msgid ""
"To make things worse, many Facebook groups spark precious little "
"hockey-card collectors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1041
msgid ""
-"With nothing but “organic” discussion, Facebook would not generate enough "
-"traffic to sell enough ads to make the money it needs to continually expand "
-"by buying up its competitors while returning handsome sums to its investors."
+"With nothing but <quote>organic</quote> discussion, Facebook would not "
+"generate enough traffic to sell enough ads to make the money it needs to "
+"continually expand by buying up its competitors while returning handsome "
+"sums to its investors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1047
msgid ""
"So Facebook has to gin up traffic by sidetracking its own forums: Every time "
"figuring out things that people will get angry about."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1058
msgid ""
"Facebook <emphasis>can</emphasis> modify our behavior but only in a couple "
"control, and it can only really make us miserable, angry, and anxious."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1069
msgid ""
"This is why Facebook’s targeting systems — both the ones it shows to "
"against being nonconsensually eyeball-fucked with Donald Trump headlines."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1079
msgid ""
"The more time you spend on Facebook, the more ads it gets to show you. The "
"it eventually shows you at least one ad that you respond to."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:1091
msgid "Monopoly and the right to the future tense"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1093
msgid ""
"Zuboff and her cohort are particularly alarmed at the extent to which "
"surveillance allows corporations to influence our decisions, taking away "
-"something she poetically calls “the right to the future tense” — that is, "
-"the right to decide for yourself what you will do in the future."
+"something she poetically calls <quote>the right to the future tense</quote> "
+"— that is, the right to decide for yourself what you will do in the future."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1100
msgid ""
"It’s true that advertising can tip the scales one way or another: When "
"risks from their dreams coming true are very speculative."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1111
msgid ""
"By contrast, Zuboff is rather sanguine about 40 years of lax antitrust "
"screenshots of the other four."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1119
msgid ""
"However, if we are to be alarmed that we might lose the right to choose for "
"tech policy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1125
msgid ""
-"Start with “digital rights management.” In 1998, Bill Clinton signed the "
-"Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) into law. It’s a complex piece of "
-"legislation with many controversial clauses but none more so than Section "
-"1201, the “anti-circumvention” rule."
+"Start with <quote>digital rights management.</quote> In 1998, Bill Clinton "
+"signed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) into law. It’s a complex "
+"piece of legislation with many controversial clauses but none more so than "
+"Section 1201, the <quote>anti-circumvention</quote> rule."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1131
msgid ""
"This is a blanket ban on tampering with systems that restrict access to "
"manufacturers’ commercial plans."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1139
msgid ""
"For example, Section 1201’s first major application was on DVD players as a "
"reject it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1151
msgid ""
"However, watching a lawfully produced disc in a country other than the one "
"with one another."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1159
msgid ""
"The fact that a movie studio wants to charge Indians less than Americans or "
"infringement to watch it no matter where you happen to be."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1166
msgid ""
"So DVD and DVD player manufacturers would not be able to use accusations of "
"programmers who created programs to let you do this."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1174
msgid ""
"That’s where Section 1201 of the DMCA comes in: By banning tampering with an "
-"“access control,” the rule gave manufacturers and rights holders standing to "
-"sue competitors who released superior products with lawful features that the "
-"market demanded (in this case, region-free players)."
+"<quote>access control,</quote> the rule gave manufacturers and rights "
+"holders standing to sue competitors who released superior products with "
+"lawful features that the market demanded (in this case, region-free "
+"players)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1181
msgid ""
"This is an odious scam against consumers, but as time went by, Section 1201 "
"as canny manufacturers have realized certain things:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><
sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1189
msgid ""
-"Any device with software in it contains a “copyrighted work” — i.e., the "
-"software."
+"Any device with software in it contains a <quote>copyrighted work</quote> — "
+"i.e., the software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><
sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1195
msgid ""
"A device can be designed so that reconfiguring the software requires "
-"bypassing an “access control for copyrighted works,” which is a potential "
-"felony under Section 1201."
+"bypassing an <quote>access control for copyrighted works,</quote> which is a "
+"potential felony under Section 1201."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><
sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1202
msgid ""
"Thus, companies can control their customers’ behavior after they take home "
"modifications that fall afoul of Section 1201."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1210
msgid ""
"Section 1201 then becomes a means for manufacturers of all descriptions to "
"shareholders instead of themselves."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1215
msgid ""
"This manifests in many ways: from a new generation of inkjet printers that "
"manufacturer’s unlock code."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1224
msgid ""
"Closer to home, Apple’s iPhones use these measures to prevent both "
"to hold onto their phones for longer rather than replacing them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1237
msgid ""
"Apple’s use of copyright locks also allows it to establish a monopoly over "
"either charge more or accept lower profits for their products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1247
msgid ""
"Crucially, Apple’s use of copyright locks gives it the power to make "
"to a game</ulink> that commented on the Israel-Palestine conflict."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1260
msgid ""
"Apple often justifies monopoly power over software installation in the name "
"VPNs that would protect them from Chinese state snooping."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1274
msgid ""
-"Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a “rogue capitalism.” Theoreticians of "
-"capitalism claim that its virtue is that it <ulink "
+"Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a <quote>rogue capitalism.</quote> "
+"
Theoreticians of capitalism claim that its virtue is that it <ulink "
"url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_signal\">aggregates information in "
"the form of consumers’ decisions</ulink>, producing efficient "
"markets. Surveillance capitalism’s supposed power to rob its victims of "
"capitalism’s mind-control rays."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1285
msgid ""
"If our concern is that markets cease to function when consumers can no "
"it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:1294
msgid "Search order and the right to the future tense"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1296
msgid ""
"Markets are posed as a kind of magic: By discovering otherwise hidden "
"efficient allocations—more efficient than any computer could calculate. But "
"monopolies are incompatible with that notion. When you only have one app "
"store, the owner of the store — not the consumer — decides on the range of "
-"choices. As Boss Tweed once said, “I don’t care who does the electing, so "
-"long as I get to do the nominating.” A monopolized market is an election "
-"whose candidates are chosen by the monopolist."
+"choices. As Boss Tweed once said, <quote>I don’t care who does the electing, "
+"so long as I get to do the nominating.</quote> A monopolized market is an "
+"election whose candidates are chosen by the monopolist."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1308
msgid ""
"This ballot rigging is made more pernicious by the existence of monopolies "
"over search order. Google’s search market share is about 90%. When Google’s "
"ranking algorithm puts a result for a popular search term in its top 10, "
"that helps determine the behavior of millions of people. If Google’s answer "
-"to “Are vaccines dangerous?” is a page that rebuts anti-vax conspiracy "
-"theories, then a sizable portion of the public will learn that vaccines are "
-"safe. If, on the other hand, Google sends those people to a site affirming "
-"the anti-vax conspiracies, a sizable portion of those millions will come "
-"away convinced that vaccines are dangerous."
+"to <quote>Are vaccines dangerous?</quote> is a page that rebuts anti-vax "
+"conspiracy theories, then a sizable portion of the public will learn that "
+"vaccines are safe. If, on the other hand, Google sends those people to a "
+"site affirming the anti-vax conspiracies, a sizable portion of those "
+"millions will come away convinced that vaccines are dangerous."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1320
msgid ""
"Google’s algorithm is often tricked into serving disinformation as a "
"the user has no cause to doubt it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1326
msgid ""
-"This is true whether the search is for “Are vaccines dangerous?” or “best "
-"restaurants near me.” Most users will never look past the first page of "
-"search results, and when the overwhelming majority of people all use the "
-"same search engine, the ranking algorithm deployed by that search engine "
-"will determine myriad outcomes (whether to adopt a child, whether to have "
-"cancer surgery, where to eat dinner, where to move, where to apply for a "
-"job) to a degree that vastly outstrips any behavioral outcomes dictated by "
-"algorithmic persuasion techniques."
+"This is true whether the search is for <quote>Are vaccines "
+"dangerous?</quote> or <quote>best restaurants near me.</quote> Most users "
+"will never look past the first page of search results, and when the "
+"overwhelming majority of people all use the same search engine, the ranking "
+"algorithm deployed by that search engine will determine myriad outcomes "
+"(whether to adopt a child, whether to have cancer surgery, where to eat "
+"dinner, where to move, where to apply for a job) to a degree that vastly "
+"outstrips any behavioral outcomes dictated by algorithmic persuasion "
+"techniques."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1337
msgid ""
"Many of the questions we ask search engines have no empirically correct "
-"answers: “Where should I eat dinner?” is not an objective question. Even "
-"questions that do have correct answers (“Are vaccines dangerous?”) don’t "
-"have one empirically superior source for that answer. Many pages affirm the "
-"safety of vaccines, so which one goes first? Under conditions of "
-"competition, consumers can choose from many search engines and stick with "
-"the one whose algorithmic judgment suits them best, but under conditions of "
-"monopoly, we all get our answers from the same place."
+"answers: <quote>Where should I eat dinner?</quote> is not an objective "
+"question. Even questions that do have correct answers (<quote>Are vaccines "
+"dangerous?</quote>) don’t have one empirically superior source for that "
+"answer. Many pages affirm the safety of vaccines, so which one goes first? "
+"Under conditions of competition, consumers can choose from many search "
+"engines and stick with the one whose algorithmic judgment suits them best, "
+"but under conditions of monopoly, we all get our answers from the same "
+"place."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1348
msgid ""
"Google’s search dominance isn’t a matter of pure merit: The company has "
"that competed with the shippers whose freight they carried."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1364
msgid ""
"If we’re worried about giant companies subverting markets by stripping "
"would not have such an outsized effect on consumer choice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1374
msgid ""
"This goes for many other companies. Amazon, a classic surveillance "
"ability to shape markets by making informed choices."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1389
msgid ""
"Not every monopolist is a surveillance capitalist, but that doesn’t mean "
"free-market researchers, then forcing them out of any markets they discover."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1404
msgid ""
"Because of its use of copyright locks, Apple’s mobile customers are not "
"by surveillance capitalism’s ad-serving bots."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:1416
msgid "Monopolists can afford sleeping pills for watchdogs"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1418
msgid ""
"Only the most extreme market ideologues think that markets can self-regulate "
"holding them to account."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1428
msgid ""
"But this kind of regulatory capture doesn’t come cheap. In competitive "
"regulations that serve their ends."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1434
msgid ""
"Many of the harms of surveillance capitalism are the result of weak or "
"exists to permit their existing businesses."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1440
msgid ""
"Here’s an example: When firms over-collect and over-retain our data, they "
"data breached and the sensitivity of that data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1449
msgid ""
"But still, firms continue to over-collect and over-retain our data for three "
"reasons:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1453
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">1. They are locked in the aforementioned limbic "
"inured to the pitch."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1465
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">2. They believe the surveillance capitalism "
"else at an even greater price."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1478
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">3. The penalties for leaking data are "
"largely ineffectual credit-monitoring service."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1489
msgid ""
"But the harms from breaches are much more extensive than these "
"these future harms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1499
msgid ""
"However, even the most ambitious privacy rules, such as the EU General Data "
"pursued by regulators."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1506
msgid ""
"This tolerance of — or indifference to — data over-collection and "
"them to internalize the costs of their surveillance activities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1514
msgid ""
"And then there’s state surveillance, which the surveillance capitalism story "
"learning."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1520
msgid ""
"But state surveillance and private surveillance are intimately related. As "
"we saw when Apple was conscripted by the Chinese government as a vital "
"collaborator in state surveillance, the only really affordable and tractable "
"way to conduct mass surveillance on the scale practiced by modern states — "
-"both “free” and autocratic states — is to suborn commercial services."
+"both <quote>free</quote> and autocratic states — is to suborn commercial "
+"services."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1528
msgid ""
"Whether it’s Google being used as a location tracking tool by local law "
"surveillance without mass commercial surveillance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1546
msgid ""
"Monopolism is key to the project of mass state surveillance. It’s true that "
"time by state actors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1555
msgid ""
"A concentrated tech sector that works with authorities is a much more "
"government relations departments."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1569
msgid ""
"They can even make a good case for doing this: After all, when there are "
"at one of the other ones."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><
sect1><blockquote><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1578
msgid ""
"While surveillance doesn’t cause monopolies, monopolies certainly abet "
"surveillance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1583
msgid ""
"Industries that are competitive are fragmented — composed of companies that "
"a whole."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1591
msgid ""
"Surveillance combined with machine learning is supposed to be an existential "
"threat to our society and possibly our species."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1599
msgid "But that threat grows out of monopoly."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1602
msgid ""
"One of the consequences of tech’s regulatory capture is that it can shift "
"products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1610
msgid ""
"IT is the only field in which this is practiced: No one builds a bridge or a "
"are deployed in the field and put into sensitive places."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1619
msgid ""
"The monopoly power that keeps any meaningful consequences for breaches at "
"decisions have been seriously punished in the market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1629
msgid ""
"These bad security decisions are compounded yet again by the use of "
"property."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1637
msgid ""
"Recall also that these copyright locks are backstopped by legislation (such "
"as Section 1201 of the DMCA or Article 6 of the 2001 EU Copyright Directive) "
-"that ban tampering with (“circumventing”) them, and these statutes have been "
-"used to threaten security researchers who make disclosures about "
-"vulnerabilities without permission from manufacturers."
+"that ban tampering with (<quote>circumventing</quote>) them, and these "
+"statutes have been used to threaten security researchers who make "
+"disclosures about vulnerabilities without permission from manufacturers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1645
msgid ""
"This amounts to a manufacturer’s veto over safety warnings and "
"powerful, large firms whose lobbying muscle is unstoppable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1653
msgid ""
"Copyright locks are a double whammy: They create bad security decisions that "
"can’t be freely investigated or discussed. If markets are supposed to be "
"machines for aggregating information (and if surveillance capitalism’s "
-"notional mind-control rays are what make it a “rogue capitalism” because it "
-"denies consumers the power to make decisions), then a program of legally "
-"enforced ignorance of the risks of products makes monopolism even more of a "
-"“rogue capitalism” than surveillance capitalism’s influence campaigns."
+"notional mind-control rays are what make it a <quote>rogue "
+"capitalism</quote> because it denies consumers the power to make decisions), "
+"then a program of legally enforced ignorance of the risks of products makes "
+"monopolism even more of a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> than surveillance "
+"capitalism’s influence campaigns."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1663
msgid ""
"And unlike mind-control rays, enforced silence over security is an "
"of technology debt."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1672
msgid ""
-"In software design, “technology debt” refers to old, baked-in decisions that "
-"turn out to be bad ones in hindsight. Perhaps a long-ago developer decided "
-"to incorporate a networking protocol made by a vendor that has since stopped "
-"supporting it. But everything in the product still relies on that "
-"superannuated protocol, and so, with each revision, the product team has to "
-"work around this obsolete core, adding compatibility layers, surrounding it "
-"with security checks that try to shore up its defenses, and so on. These "
-"Band-Aid measures compound the debt because every subsequent revision has to "
-"make allowances for <emphasis>them</emphasis>, too, like interest mounting "
-"on a predatory subprime loan. And like a subprime loan, the interest mounts "
-"faster than you can hope to pay it off: The product team has to put so much "
-"energy into maintaining this complex, brittle system that they don’t have "
-"any time left over to refactor the product from the ground up and “pay off "
-"the debt” once and for all."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+"In software design, <quote>technology debt</quote> refers to old, baked-in "
+"decisions that turn out to be bad ones in hindsight. Perhaps a long-ago "
+"developer decided to incorporate a networking protocol made by a vendor that "
+"has since stopped supporting it. But everything in the product still relies "
+"on that superannuated protocol, and so, with each revision, the product team "
+"has to work around this obsolete core, adding compatibility layers, "
+"surrounding it with security checks that try to shore up its defenses, and "
+"so on. These Band-Aid measures compound the debt because every subsequent "
+"revision has to make allowances for <emphasis>them</emphasis>, too, like "
+"interest mounting on a predatory subprime loan. And like a subprime loan, "
+"the interest mounts faster than you can hope to pay it off: The product team "
+"has to put so much energy into maintaining this complex, brittle system that "
+"they don’t have any time left over to refactor the product from the ground "
+"up and <quote>pay off the debt</quote> once and for all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1690
msgid ""
"Typically, technology debt results in a technological bankruptcy: The "
"house due to bankruptcy is scary and traumatic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1701
msgid ""
"But the technology debt created by copyright locks isn’t individual debt; "
"unauditable copyright locks — it will indeed pose an existential risk."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:1713
msgid "Privacy and monopoly"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1715
msgid ""
"Many tech companies are gripped by an orthodoxy that holds that if they just "
"once more data is in hand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1727
msgid ""
"Surveillance tech is far from the first industry to embrace a nonsensical, "
"self-serving belief that harms the rest of the world, and it is not the "
"first industry to profit handsomely from such a delusion. Long before "
"hedge-fund managers were claiming (falsely) that they could beat the "
-"S&P 500, there were plenty of other “respectable” industries that have "
-"been revealed as quacks in hindsight. From the makers of radium "
-"suppositories (a real thing!) to the cruel sociopaths who claimed they "
-"could “cure” gay people, history is littered with the formerly respectable "
-"titans of discredited industries."
+"S&P 500, there were plenty of other <quote>respectable</quote> "
+"industries that have been revealed as quacks in hindsight. From the makers "
+"of radium suppositories (a real thing!) to the cruel sociopaths who claimed "
+"they could <quote>cure</quote> gay people, history is littered with the "
+"formerly respectable titans of discredited industries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1739
msgid ""
"This is not to say that there’s nothing wrong with Big Tech and its "
"overstated, its harms are, if anything, <emphasis>understated</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1745
msgid ""
-"There’s real irony here. The belief in surveillance capitalism as a “rogue "
-"capitalism” is driven by the belief that markets wouldn’t tolerate firms "
-"that are gripped by false beliefs. An oil company that has false beliefs "
-"about where the oil is will eventually go broke digging dry wells after all."
+"There’s real irony here. The belief in surveillance capitalism as a "
+"<quote>rogue capitalism</quote> is driven by the belief that markets "
+"wouldn’t tolerate firms that are gripped by false beliefs. An oil company "
+"that has false beliefs about where the oil is will eventually go broke "
+"digging dry wells after all."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1752
msgid ""
"But monopolists get to do terrible things for a long time before they pay "
"the price. Think of how concentration in the finance sector allowed the "
"subprime crisis to fester as bond-rating agencies, regulators, investors, "
"and critics all fell under the sway of a false belief that complex "
-"mathematics could construct “fully hedged” debt instruments that could not "
-"possibly default. A small bank that engaged in this kind of malfeasance "
-"would simply go broke rather than outrunning the inevitable crisis, perhaps "
-"growing so big that it averted it altogether. But large banks were able to "
-"continue to attract investors, and when they finally "
+"mathematics could construct <quote>fully hedged</quote> debt instruments "
+"that could not possibly default. A small bank that engaged in this kind of "
+"malfeasance would simply go broke rather than outrunning the inevitable "
+"crisis, perhaps growing so big that it averted it altogether. But large "
+"banks were able to continue to attract investors, and when they finally "
"<emphasis>did</emphasis> come a-cropper, the world’s governments bailed them "
"out. The worst offenders of the subprime crisis are bigger than they were in "
"2008, bringing home more profits and paying their execs even larger sums."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1767
msgid ""
"Big Tech is able to practice surveillance not just because it is tech but "
"because it is <emphasis>big</emphasis>. The reason every web publisher "
-"embeds a Facebook “Like” button is that Facebook dominates the internet’s "
-"social media referrals — and every one of those “Like” buttons spies on "
-"everyone who lands on a page that contains them (see also: Google Analytics "
-"embeds, Twitter buttons, etc.)."
+"embeds a Facebook <quote>Like</quote> button is that Facebook dominates the "
+"internet’s social media referrals — and every one of those "
+"<quote>Like</quote> buttons spies on everyone who lands on a page that "
+"contains them (see also: Google Analytics embeds, Twitter buttons, etc.)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1776
msgid ""
"The reason the world’s governments have been slow to create meaningful "
"a unified negotiating position that supercharges the lobbying."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1784
msgid ""
"The reason that the smartest engineers in the world want to work for Big "
"Tech is that Big Tech commands the lion’s share of tech industry jobs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1789
msgid ""
"The reason people who are aghast at Facebook’s and Google’s and Amazon’s "
"local merchants out of business."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1795
msgid ""
"Competitive markets would weaken the companies’ lobbying muscle by reducing "
"and make the case against Facebook and Google and Twitter embeds."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1806
msgid ""
"In other words, while surveillance doesn’t cause monopolies, monopolies "
"certainly abet surveillance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:1810
msgid "Ronald Reagan, pioneer of tech monopolism"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1812
msgid ""
"Technology exceptionalism is a sin, whether it’s practiced by technology’s "
"to break up the monopolies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1824
msgid ""
"To understand how tech became so monopolistic, it’s useful to look at the "
"enact similar reforms that eventually spread around the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1836
msgid ""
"Antitrust’s story began nearly a century before all that with laws like the "
"Sherman Act, which took aim at monopolists on the grounds that monopolies "
"were bad in and of themselves — squeezing out competitors, creating "
-"“diseconomies of scale” (when a company is so big that its constituent parts "
-"go awry and it is seemingly helpless to address the problems), and capturing "
-"their regulators to such a degree that they can get away with a host of "
-"evils."
+"<quote>diseconomies of scale</quote> (when a company is so big that its "
+"constituent parts go awry and it is seemingly helpless to address the "
+"problems), and capturing their regulators to such a degree that they can get "
+"away with a host of evils."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1845
msgid ""
"Then came a fabulist named Robert Bork, a former solicitor general who "
"its successors out of whole cloth. Bork insisted that these statutes were "
"never targeted at monopolies (despite a wealth of evidence to the contrary, "
"including the transcribed speeches of the acts’ authors) but, rather, that "
-"they were intended to prevent “consumer harm” — in the form of higher "
-"prices."
+"they were intended to prevent <quote>consumer harm</quote> — in the form of "
+"higher prices."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1855
msgid ""
"Bork was a crank, but he was a crank with a theory that rich people really "
"liked. Monopolies are a great way to make rich people richer by allowing "
-"them to receive “monopoly rents” (that is, bigger profits) and capture "
-"regulators, leading to a weaker, more favorable regulatory environment with "
-"fewer protections for customers, suppliers, the environment, and workers."
+"them to receive <quote>monopoly rents</quote> (that is, bigger profits) and "
+"capture regulators, leading to a weaker, more favorable regulatory "
+"environment with fewer protections for customers, suppliers, the "
+"environment, and workers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1863
msgid ""
"Bork’s theories were especially palatable to the same power brokers who "
"to incorporate Bork’s antitrust doctrine into their enforcement decisions "
"(Reagan even put Bork up for a Supreme Court seat, but Bork flunked the "
"Senate confirmation hearing so badly that, 40 years later, D.C. insiders use "
-"the term “borked” to refer to any catastrophically bad political "
-"performance)."
+"the term <quote>borked</quote> to refer to any catastrophically bad "
+"political performance)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1872
msgid ""
"Little by little, Bork’s theories entered the mainstream, and their backers "
"disposal to lobby for even more Borkian antitrust influence campaigns."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1882
msgid ""
"The history of Bork’s antitrust theories is a really good example of the "
"coherent ideology that elevated inequality to a virtue."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1894
msgid ""
"Today, many fear that machine learning allows surveillance capitalism to "
-"sell “Bork-as-a-Service,” at internet speeds, so that you can contract a "
-"machine-learning company to engineer <emphasis>rapid</emphasis> shifts in "
-"public sentiment without needing the capital to sustain a multipronged, "
-"multigenerational project working at the local, state, national, and global "
-"levels in business, law, and philosophy. I do not believe that such a "
-"project is plausible, though I agree that this is basically what the "
-"platforms claim to be selling. They’re just lying about it. Big Tech lies "
-"all the time, <emphasis>including</emphasis> in their sales literature."
+"sell <quote>Bork-as-a-Service,</quote> at internet speeds, so that you can "
+"contract a machine-learning company to engineer <emphasis>rapid</emphasis> "
+"shifts in public sentiment without needing the capital to sustain a "
+"multipronged, multigenerational project working at the local, state, "
+"national, and global levels in business, law, and philosophy. I do not "
+"believe that such a project is plausible, though I agree that this is "
+"basically what the platforms claim to be selling. They’re just lying about "
+"it. Big Tech lies all the time, <emphasis>including</emphasis> in their "
+"sales literature."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1907
msgid ""
-"The idea that tech forms “natural monopolies” (monopolies that are the "
-"inevitable result of the realities of an industry, such as the monopolies "
-"that accrue the first company to run long-haul phone lines or rail lines) is "
-"belied by tech’s own history: In the absence of anti-competitive tactics, "
-"Google was able to unseat AltaVista and Yahoo; Facebook was able to head off "
-"Myspace. There are some advantages to gathering mountains of data, but those "
-"mountains of data also have disadvantages: liability (from leaking), "
-"diminishing returns (from old data), and institutional inertia (big "
-"companies, like science, progress one funeral at a time)."
+"The idea that tech forms <quote>natural monopolies</quote> (monopolies that "
+"are the inevitable result of the realities of an industry, such as the "
+"monopolies that accrue the first company to run long-haul phone lines or "
+"rail lines) is belied by tech’s own history: In the absence of "
+"anti-competitive tactics, Google was able to unseat AltaVista and Yahoo; "
+"Facebook was able to head off Myspace. There are some advantages to "
+"gathering mountains of data, but those mountains of data also have "
+"disadvantages: liability (from leaking), diminishing returns (from old "
+"data), and institutional inertia (big companies, like science, progress one "
+"funeral at a time)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1919
msgid ""
"Indeed, the birth of the web saw a mass-extinction event for the existing "
"customers or users or communities outweighs even the most massive "
"products. CompuServe, AOL, MSN, and a host of other proprietary walled "
"gardens learned this lesson the hard way: Each believed it could stay "
-"separate from the web, offering “curation” and a guarantee of consistency "
-"and quality instead of the chaos of an open system. Each was wrong and ended "
-"up being absorbed into the public web."
+"separate from the web, offering <quote>curation</quote> and a guarantee of "
+"consistency and quality instead of the chaos of an open system. Each was "
+"wrong and ended up being absorbed into the public web."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1933
msgid ""
"Yes, tech is heavily monopolized and is now closely associated with industry "
"so on."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1945
msgid ""
"In support of this thesis, I offer the concentration that every "
"but are not any longer."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1960
msgid ""
"Again: When you change the laws intended to prevent monopolies and then "
"can be readily explained without recourse to radical theories of network "
"effects — but only if you’re willing to indict unregulated markets as "
"tending toward monopoly. Just as a lifelong smoker can give you a hundred "
-"reasons why their smoking didn’t cause their cancer (“It was the "
-"environmental toxins”), true believers in unregulated markets have a whole "
-"suite of unconvincing explanations for monopoly in tech that leave "
+"reasons why their smoking didn’t cause their cancer (<quote>It was the "
+"environmental toxins</quote>), true believers in unregulated markets have a "
+"whole suite of unconvincing explanations for monopoly in tech that leave "
"capitalism intact."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:1972
msgid "Steering with the windshield wipers"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1974
msgid ""
"It’s been 40 years since Bork’s project to rehabilitate monopolies achieved "
"liftoff, and that is a generation and a half, which is plenty of time to "
"take a common idea and make it seem outlandish and vice versa. Before the "
"1940s, affluent Americans dressed their baby boys in pink while baby girls "
-"wore blue (a “delicate and dainty” color). While gendered colors are "
-"obviously totally arbitrary, many still greet this news with amazement and "
-"find it hard to imagine a time when pink connoted masculinity."
+"wore blue (a <quote>delicate and dainty</quote> color). While gendered "
+"colors are obviously totally arbitrary, many still greet this news with "
+"amazement and find it hard to imagine a time when pink connoted masculinity."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1984
msgid ""
"After 40 years of studiously ignoring antitrust analysis and enforcement, "
"integration could land a company in court."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:1992
msgid ""
"Antitrust is a market society’s steering wheel, the control of first resort "
"heading before we careen off a cliff."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2002
msgid ""
"It’s like a 1960s science-fiction plot come to life: People stuck in a "
-"“generation ship,” plying its way across the stars, a ship once piloted by "
-"their ancestors; and now, after a great cataclysm, the ship’s crew have "
-"forgotten that they’re in a ship at all and no longer remember where the "
-"control room is. Adrift, the ship is racing toward its extinction, and "
-"unless we can seize the controls and execute emergency course correction, "
-"we’re all headed for a fiery death in the heart of a sun."
+"<quote>generation ship,</quote> plying its way across the stars, a ship once "
+"piloted by their ancestors; and now, after a great cataclysm, the ship’s "
+"crew have forgotten that they’re in a ship at all and no longer remember "
+"where the control room is. Adrift, the ship is racing toward its extinction, "
+"and unless we can seize the controls and execute emergency course "
+"correction, we’re all headed for a fiery death in the heart of a sun."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:2012
msgid "Surveillance still matters"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2014
msgid ""
"None of this is to minimize the problems with surveillance. Surveillance "
"machine learning rob us of our free will."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2021
msgid ""
"Surveillance has become <emphasis>much</emphasis> more efficient thanks to "
"every 60 people to serve as an informant or intelligence operative."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2028
msgid ""
"Today, we know that the NSA is spying on a significant fraction of the "
"involved in NSA spying, but it’s definitely not all of them)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2037
msgid ""
"How did the ratio of surveillable citizens expand from 1:60 to 1:10,000 in "
"the cost of 9,999 false positives."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2058
msgid ""
"Let me explain that again: If one in a million people is a terrorist, then "
"is 10,000). For every true positive, you’ll get 9,999 false positives."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2066
msgid ""
"In reality, the accuracy of algorithmic terrorism detection falls far short "
"the lives of everyone you love."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2073
msgid ""
"Mass state surveillance is only feasible because of surveillance capitalism "
"totalitarianism."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2081
msgid ""
"State surveillance is no mere parasite on Big Tech, sucking up its data and "
"and surveillance capitalism; they are dependent on one another."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2090
msgid ""
"To see this at work today, look no further than Amazon’s home surveillance "
"camera-enabled doorbell that streams footage from your front door to your "
"mobile device. The Neighbors app allows you to form a neighborhood-wide "
"surveillance grid with your fellow Ring owners through which you can share "
-"clips of “suspicious characters.” If you’re thinking that this sounds like a "
-"recipe for letting curtain-twitching racists supercharge their suspicions of "
-"people with brown skin who walk down their blocks, <ulink "
+"clips of <quote>suspicious characters.</quote> If you’re thinking that this "
+"sounds like a recipe for letting curtain-twitching racists supercharge their "
+"
suspicions of people with brown skin who walk down their blocks, <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/07/amazons-ring-enables-over-policing-efforts-some-americas-deadliest-law-enforcement\">you’re "
"right</ulink>. Ring has become a <emphasis>de facto,</emphasis> "
"off-the-books arm of the police without any of the pesky oversight or rules."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2106
msgid ""
"In mid-2019, a series of public records requests revealed that Amazon had "
"the footage from the company, which it will then produce."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2118
msgid ""
"Ring and law enforcement have found many ways to intertwine their "
"but isn’t sure whether their neighborhood is dangerous enough to warrant it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2126
msgid ""
"The more the cops buzz-market the surveillance capitalist Ring, the more "
"rely on them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:2137
msgid "Dignity and sanctuary"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2139
msgid ""
"But even if we could exercise democratic control over our states and force "
"data, surveillance capitalism would still harm us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2144
msgid ""
-"This is an area where Zuboff shines. Her chapter on “sanctuary” — the "
-"feeling of being unobserved — is a beautiful hymn to introspection, "
+"This is an area where Zuboff shines. Her chapter on <quote>sanctuary</quote> "
+"— the feeling of being unobserved — is a beautiful hymn to introspection, "
"calmness, mindfulness, and tranquility."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2149
msgid ""
"When you are watched, something changes. Anyone who has ever raised a child "
"parent."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2165
msgid ""
"In the digital age, our authentic selves are inextricably tied to our "
"the different facets of your identity, the people you’ve connected with."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2173
msgid ""
"To be observed in these activities is to lose the sanctuary of your "
"authentic self."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2177
msgid ""
"There’s another way in which surveillance capitalism robs us of our capacity "
"systems never quite become inured to it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2188
msgid ""
-"Our devices and services are “general purpose” in that they can connect "
-"anything or anyone to anything or anyone else and that they can run any "
-"program that can be written. This means that the distraction rectangles in "
-"our pockets hold our most precious moments with our most beloved people and "
-"their most urgent or time-sensitive communications (from “running late can "
-"you get the kid?” to “doctor gave me bad news and I need to talk to you "
-"RIGHT NOW”) as well as ads for refrigerators and recruiting messages from "
-"Nazis."
+"Our devices and services are <quote>general purpose</quote> in that they can "
+"connect anything or anyone to anything or anyone else and that they can run "
+"any program that can be written. This means that the distraction rectangles "
+"in our pockets hold our most precious moments with our most beloved people "
+"and their most urgent or time-sensitive communications (from <quote>running "
+"late can you get the kid?</quote> to <quote>doctor gave me bad news and I "
+"need to talk to you RIGHT NOW</quote>) as well as ads for refrigerators and "
+"recruiting messages from Nazis."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2198
msgid ""
"All day and all night, our pockets buzz, shattering our concentration and "
"tearing apart the fragile webs of connection we spin as we think through "
"difficult ideas. If you locked someone in a cell and agitated them like "
-"this, we’d call it “sleep deprivation torture,” and it would be <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SKpRbvnx6g\">a war crime under the "
-"Geneva Conventions</ulink>."
+"this, we’d call it <quote>sleep deprivation torture,</quote> and it would be "
+"<ulink url=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SKpRbvnx6g\">a war crime under "
+"the Geneva Conventions</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:2207
msgid "Afflicting the afflicted"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2209
msgid ""
"The effects of surveillance on our ability to be our authentic selves are "
"of social consequence."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2216
msgid ""
"But for many of us, this is not true. Recall that in living memory, many of "
"the ways of being that we think of as socially acceptable today were once "
"cause for dire social sanction or even imprisonment. If you are 65 years "
-"old, you have lived through a time in which people living in “free "
-"societies” could be imprisoned or sanctioned for engaging in homosexual "
-"activity, for falling in love with a person whose skin was a different color "
-"than their own, or for smoking weed."
+"old, you have lived through a time in which people living in <quote>free "
+"societies</quote> could be imprisoned or sanctioned for engaging in "
+"homosexual activity, for falling in love with a person whose skin was a "
+"different color than their own, or for smoking weed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2226
msgid ""
"Today, these activities aren’t just decriminalized in much of the world, "
"shameful, regrettable relics of the past."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2231
msgid ""
"How did we get from prohibition to normalization? Through private, personal "
"their cause one conversation at a time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2244
msgid ""
"The right to choose the time and manner of these conversations was key to "
"make a scene."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2251
msgid ""
"Without a private sphere, there’s a chance that none of these changes would "
"have never been able to reveal their true selves to the people they love."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2258
msgid ""
"The corollary is that, unless you think that our society has attained social "
"sorrow will be the falsity of their relationship to you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2270
msgid "A private realm is necessary for human progress."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:2273
msgid "Any data you collect and retain will eventually leak"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2275
msgid ""
"The lack of a private life can rob vulnerable people of the chance to be "
"people with a secret: crime."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2281
msgid ""
"Personally identifying information is of very limited use for the purpose of "
"expose you to physical danger — thrives on it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2289
msgid ""
"Attackers are not limited to using data from one breached source, "
"use different parts of the data for different criminal purposes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2301
msgid ""
"For example, attackers can use leaked username and password combinations to "
"take over your email, bank account, and/or cryptocurrency wallets."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2314
msgid ""
"Attackers are endlessly inventive in the pursuit of creative ways to "
"companies in order to access <emphasis>more</emphasis> data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2319
msgid ""
"Like spies, online fraudsters are totally dependent on companies "
"of companies’ databases</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2327
msgid ""
"The over-collection of data has a host of terrible social consequences, from "
"that’s the least of our troubles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:2335
msgid "Critical tech exceptionalism is still tech exceptionalism"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2338
msgid ""
"Big Tech has long practiced technology exceptionalism: the idea that it "
-"should not be subject to the mundane laws and norms of “meatspace.” Mottoes "
-"like Facebook’s “move fast and break things” attracted justifiable scorn of "
-"the companies’ self-serving rhetoric."
+"should not be subject to the mundane laws and norms of "
+"<quote>meatspace.</quote> Mottoes like Facebook’s <quote>move fast and break "
+"things</quote> attracted justifiable scorn of the companies’ self-serving "
+"rhetoric."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2344
msgid ""
"Tech exceptionalism got us all into a lot of trouble, so it’s ironic and "
"distressing to see Big Tech’s critics committing the same sin."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2348
msgid ""
-"Big Tech is not a “rogue capitalism” that cannot be cured through the "
-"traditional anti-monopoly remedies of trustbusting (forcing companies to "
-"divest of competitors they have acquired) and bans on mergers to monopoly "
-"and other anti-competitive tactics. Big Tech does not have the power to use "
-"machine learning to influence our behavior so thoroughly that markets lose "
-"the ability to punish bad actors and reward superior competitors. Big Tech "
-"has no rule-writing mind-control ray that necessitates ditching our old "
-"toolbox."
+"Big Tech is not a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> that cannot be cured "
+"through the traditional anti-monopoly remedies of trustbusting (forcing "
+"companies to divest of competitors they have acquired) and bans on mergers "
+"to monopoly and other anti-competitive tactics. Big Tech does not have the "
+"power to use machine learning to influence our behavior so thoroughly that "
+"markets lose the ability to punish bad actors and reward superior "
+"competitors. Big Tech has no rule-writing mind-control ray that necessitates "
+"ditching our old toolbox."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2358
msgid ""
"The thing is, people have been claiming to have perfected mind-control rays "
"the con artists were also conning themselves."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2364
msgid ""
"For generations, the advertising industry has been steadily improving its "
"ability to sell advertising services to businesses while only making "
"marginal gains in selling those businesses’ products to prospective "
-"customers. John Wanamaker’s lament that “50% of my advertising budget is "
-"wasted, I just don’t know which 50%” is a testament to the triumph of "
-"<emphasis>ad executives</emphasis>, who successfully convinced Wanamaker "
+"customers. John Wanamaker’s lament that <quote>50% of my advertising budget "
+"is wasted, I just don’t know which 50%</quote> is a testament to the triumph "
+"of <emphasis>ad executives</emphasis>, who successfully convinced Wanamaker "
"that only half of the money he spent went to waste."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2374
msgid ""
"The tech industry has made enormous improvements in the science of "
"convincing businesses that they’re good at advertising while their actual "
"improvements to advertising — as opposed to targeting — have been pretty "
"ho-hum. The vogue for machine learning — and the mystical invocation of "
-"“artificial intelligence” as a synonym for straightforward statistical "
-"inference techniques — has greatly boosted the efficacy of Big Tech’s sales "
-"pitch as marketers have exploited potential customers’ lack of technical "
-"sophistication to get away with breathtaking acts of overpromising and "
-"underdelivering."
+"<quote>artificial intelligence</quote> as a synonym for straightforward "
+"statistical inference techniques — has greatly boosted the efficacy of Big "
+"Tech’s sales pitch as marketers have exploited potential customers’ lack of "
+"technical sophistication to get away with breathtaking acts of overpromising "
+"and underdelivering."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2386
msgid ""
"It’s tempting to think that if businesses are willing to pour billions into "
"accumulation, not a sign that managed funds are a good buy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2400
msgid ""
"The claims of Big Tech’s mind-control system are full of tells that the "
"enterprise is a con. For example, <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01415/full\">the "
-"reliance on the “Big Five” personality traits</ulink> as a primary means of "
-"influencing people even though the “Big Five” theory is unsupported by any "
-"large-scale, peer-reviewed studies and is <ulink "
+"reliance on the <quote>Big Five</quote> personality traits</ulink> as a "
+"primary means of influencing people even though the <quote>Big Five</quote> "
+"theory is unsupported by any large-scale, peer-reviewed studies and is "
+"<ulink "
"url=\"https://www.wired.com/story/the-noisy-fallacies-of-psychographic-targeting/\">mostly "
"the realm of marketing hucksters and pop psych</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2410
msgid ""
"Big Tech’s promotional materials also claim that their algorithms can "
-"accurately perform “sentiment analysis” or detect peoples’ moods based on "
-"
their “microexpressions,” but <ulink "
+"accurately perform <quote>sentiment analysis</quote> or detect peoples’ "
+"
moods based on their <quote>microexpressions,</quote> but <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/647040758/advertising-on-facebook-is-it-worth-it\">these "
"are marketing claims, not scientific ones</ulink>. These methods are largely "
"untested by independent scientific experts, and where they have been tested, "
"been shown</ulink> to underperform relative to random chance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2423
msgid ""
"Big Tech has been so good at marketing its own supposed superpowers that "
"its machine-learning fueled persuasion systems work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2435
msgid ""
"That skepticism should infuse all of our evaluations of Big Tech and its "
"invitation to exaggeration."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2445
msgid ""
"Patent applications take the form of a series of claims and range from broad "
"to narrow. A typical patent starts out by claiming that its authors have "
"invented a method or system for doing every conceivable thing that anyone "
"might do, ever, with any tool or device. Then it narrows that claim in "
-"successive stages until we get to the actual “invention” that is the true "
-"subject of the patent. The hope is that the patent examiner — who is almost "
-"certainly overworked and underinformed — will miss the fact that some or all "
-"of these claims are ridiculous, or at least suspect, and grant the patent’s "
-"broader claims. Patents for unpatentable things are still incredibly useful "
-"because they can be wielded against competitors who might license that "
-"patent or steer clear of its claims rather than endure the lengthy, "
-"expensive process of contesting it."
+"successive stages until we get to the actual <quote>invention</quote> that "
+"is the true subject of the patent. The hope is that the patent examiner — "
+"who is almost certainly overworked and underinformed — will miss the fact "
+"that some or all of these claims are ridiculous, or at least suspect, and "
+"grant the patent’s broader claims. Patents for unpatentable things are still "
+"incredibly useful because they can be wielded against competitors who might "
+"license that patent or steer clear of its claims rather than endure the "
+"lengthy, expensive process of contesting it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2460
msgid ""
"What’s more, software patents are routinely granted even though the filer "
"doesn’t have any evidence that they can do the thing claimed by the "
-"patent. That is, you can patent an “invention” that you haven’t actually "
-"made and that you don’t know how to make."
+"patent. That is, you can patent an <quote>invention</quote> that you haven’t "
+"actually made and that you don’t know how to make."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2466
msgid ""
"With these considerations in hand, it becomes obvious that the fact that a "
"fact control our minds."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2473
msgid ""
"Big Tech collects our data for many reasons, including the diminishing "
"put to use after the first doubles the number of possible fax-to-fax links."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2483
msgid ""
"Data mined for predictive systems doesn’t necessarily produce these "
"labeling and validating data do not get cheaper at scale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2494
msgid ""
"Businesses pursue fads to the detriment of their profits all the time, "
"especially when the businesses and their investors are not motivated by the "
"prospect of becoming profitable but rather by the prospect of being acquired "
"by a Big Tech giant or by having an IPO. For these firms, ticking faddish "
-"boxes like “collects as much data as possible” might realize a bigger return "
-"on investment than “collects a business-appropriate quantity of data.”"
+"boxes like <quote>collects as much data as possible</quote> might realize a "
+"bigger return on investment than <quote>collects a business-appropriate "
+"quantity of data.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2503
msgid ""
"This is another harm of tech exceptionalism: The belief that more data "
"spend not one penny more than is necessary on protecting data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:2517
msgid ""
"How monopolies, not mind control, drive surveillance capitalism: The "
"Snapchat story"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2520
msgid ""
"For the first decade of its existence, Facebook competed with the social "
"social media wars like Myspace."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2530
msgid ""
"Despite frequent promises that it would never collect or analyze its users’ "
"Facebook following the launch of the new product or service."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2542
msgid ""
"The pace at which Facebook ramped up its surveillance efforts seems to have "
"markedly worse</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2550
msgid ""
"All the while, Facebook was prodigiously acquiring companies, including a "
"phones, including which apps they used and how they were using them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2558
msgid ""
"Through Onavo, Facebook discovered that it was losing market share to "
"pressures it had earlier inflicted on Myspace and Orkut."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2570
msgid ""
"The story of how Facebook crushed Snapchat reveals the relationship between "
"that competes on privacy features."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:2582
msgid "A monopoly over your friends"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2584
msgid ""
"A decentralization movement has tried to erode the dominance of Facebook and "
-"other Big Tech companies by fielding “indieweb” alternatives — Mastodon as a "
-"Twitter alternative, Diaspora as a Facebook alternative, etc. — but these "
-"efforts have failed to attain any kind of liftoff."
+"other Big Tech companies by fielding <quote>indieweb</quote> alternatives — "
+"Mastodon as a Twitter alternative, Diaspora as a Facebook alternative, "
+"etc. — but these efforts have failed to attain any kind of liftoff."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2591
msgid ""
"Fundamentally, each of these services is hamstrung by the same problem: "
"<emphasis>we</emphasis> have Facebook accounts."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2601
msgid ""
"All of this has conspired to make Facebook — and other dominant platforms — "
-"into “kill zones” that investors will not fund new entrants for."
+"into <quote>kill zones</quote> that investors will not fund new entrants "
+"for."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2606
msgid ""
"And yet, all of today’s tech giants came into existence despite the "
"adversarial interoperability."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><
sect1><blockquote><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2613
msgid "The hard problem of our species is coordination."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2617
msgid ""
-"“Interoperability” is the ability of two technologies to work with one "
-"another: Anyone can make an LP that will play on any record player, anyone "
-"can make a filter you can install in your stove’s extractor fan, anyone can "
-"make gasoline for your car, anyone can make a USB phone charger that fits in "
-"your car’s cigarette lighter receptacle, anyone can make a light bulb that "
-"works in your light socket, anyone can make bread that will toast in your "
-"toaster."
+"<quote>Interoperability</quote> is the ability of two technologies to work "
+"with one another: Anyone can make an LP that will play on any record player, "
+"anyone can make a filter you can install in your stove’s extractor fan, "
+"anyone can make gasoline for your car, anyone can make a USB phone charger "
+"that fits in your car’s cigarette lighter receptacle, anyone can make a "
+"light bulb that works in your light socket, anyone can make bread that will "
+"toast in your toaster."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2626
msgid ""
"Interoperability is often a source of innovation and consumer benefit: Apple "
"the way for the internet revolution."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2641
msgid ""
-"“Interoperability” is often used interchangeably with “standardization,” "
-"which is the process when manufacturers and other stakeholders hammer out a "
-"set of agreed-upon rules for implementing a technology, such as the "
-"electrical plug on your wall, the CAN bus used by your car’s computer "
-"systems, or the HTML instructions that your browser interprets."
+"<quote>Interoperability</quote> is often used interchangeably with "
+"<quote>standardization,</quote> which is the process when manufacturers and "
+"other stakeholders hammer out a set of agreed-upon rules for implementing a "
+"technology, such as the electrical plug on your wall, the CAN bus used by "
+"your car’s computer systems, or the HTML instructions that your browser "
+"interprets."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2649
msgid ""
"But interoperability doesn’t require standardization — indeed, "
"dashboard lighter subcomponent. The automakers didn’t take any "
"countermeasures to prevent the use of these aftermarket accessories by their "
"customers, but they also didn’t do anything to make life easier for the "
-"chargers’ manufacturers. This is a kind of “neutral interoperability.”"
+"chargers’ manufacturers. This is a kind of <quote>neutral "
+"interoperability.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2660
msgid ""
-"Beyond neutral interoperability, there is “adversarial interoperability.” "
-"That’s when a manufacturer makes a product that interoperates with another "
-"manufacturer’s product <emphasis>despite the second manufacturer’s "
-"objections</emphasis> and <emphasis>even if that means bypassing a security "
-"system designed to prevent interoperability</emphasis>."
+"Beyond neutral interoperability, there is <quote>adversarial "
+"interoperability.</quote> That’s when a manufacturer makes a product that "
+"interoperates with another manufacturer’s product <emphasis>despite the "
+"second manufacturer’s objections</emphasis> and <emphasis>even if that means "
+"bypassing a security system designed to prevent interoperability</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2668
msgid ""
"Probably the most familiar form of adversarial interoperability is "
"cartridges."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2677
msgid ""
"Owners of printers take the position that HP and Epson and Brother are not "
"printer companies?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2690
msgid ""
"Adversarial interoperability has played an outsized role in the history of "
-"the tech industry: from the founding of the “alt.*” Usenet hierarchy (which "
-"was started against the wishes of Usenet’s maintainers and which grew to be "
-"bigger than all of Usenet combined) to the browser wars (when Netscape and "
-"Microsoft devoted massive engineering efforts to making their browsers "
-"incompatible with the other’s special commands and peccadilloes) to Facebook "
-"(whose success was built in part by helping its new users stay in touch with "
-"friends they’d left behind on Myspace because Facebook supplied them with a "
-"tool that scraped waiting messages from Myspace and imported them into "
-"Facebook, effectively creating an Facebook-based Myspace reader)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+"the tech industry: from the founding of the <quote>alt.*</quote> Usenet "
+"hierarchy (which was started against the wishes of Usenet’s maintainers and "
+"which grew to be bigger than all of Usenet combined) to the browser wars "
+"(when Netscape and Microsoft devoted massive engineering efforts to making "
+"their browsers incompatible with the other’s special commands and "
+"peccadilloes) to Facebook (whose success was built in part by helping its "
+"new users stay in touch with friends they’d left behind on Myspace because "
+"Facebook supplied them with a tool that scraped waiting messages from "
+"Myspace and imported them into Facebook, effectively creating an "
+"Facebook-based Myspace reader)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2704
msgid ""
"Today, incumbency is seen as an unassailable advantage. Facebook is where "
"better treatment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2719
msgid ""
"Adversarial interoperability was once the norm and a key contributor to the "
"interference, and patent."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2729
msgid ""
"In the absence of a competitive market, lawmakers have resorted to assigning "
"controlling access to sexual material."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2737
msgid ""
"These measures put a floor under how small we can make Big Tech because only "
"needed to perform these duties."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2742
msgid ""
"But that’s not the only way in which making platforms responsible for "
"guesses about whether someone is a harasser)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2754
msgid ""
"To the extent that we are willing to let Big Tech police itself — rather "
"interoperability."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2764
msgid ""
"Ultimately, we can try to fix Big Tech by making it responsible for bad acts "
"global, open web."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:2776
msgid "Fake news is an epistemological crisis"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2778
msgid ""
"Tech is not the only industry that has undergone massive concentration since "
"clubby oligarchy that just a few players dominate."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2785
msgid ""
"At the same time, every industry has become something of a tech industry as "
"firm with tech."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2791
msgid ""
"This phenomenon of industrial concentration is part of a wider story about "
"interests of the people and companies with all the money."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2799
msgid ""
"That means that whenever a regulator asks a question with an obvious, "
-"empirical answer (“Are humans causing climate change?” or “Should we let "
-"companies conduct commercial mass surveillance?” or “Does society benefit "
-"from allowing network neutrality violations?”), the answer that comes out is "
-"only correct if that correctness meets with the approval of rich people and "
-"the industries that made them so wealthy."
+"empirical answer (<quote>Are humans causing climate change?</quote> or "
+"<quote>Should we let companies conduct commercial mass surveillance?</quote> "
+"or <quote>Does society benefit from allowing network neutrality "
+"violations?</quote>), the answer that comes out is only correct if that "
+"correctness meets with the approval of rich people and the industries that "
+"made them so wealthy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2808
msgid ""
"Rich people have always played an outsized role in politics and more so "
"before. Think of the Koch brothers or George Soros or Bill Gates."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2817
msgid ""
"But the policy distortions of rich individuals pale in comparison to the "
"capital surpluses to spend on lobbying."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2826
msgid ""
"Concentrated industries also find it easier to collaborate on policy "
"regulation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2833
msgid ""
"Rising through the ranks in a concentrated industry generally means working "
"collegial, rather than competitive, attitude."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2845
msgid ""
"Highly concentrated industries also present a regulatory conundrum. When an "
"ranks once their terms have expired."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2856
msgid ""
"All this is to say that the tight social bonds, small number of firms, and "
"bind them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2862
msgid ""
"This is increasingly obvious. Whether it’s payday lenders <ulink "
"the highest bidder."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2876
msgid ""
"It’s really impossible to overstate what a terrifying prospect this is. We "
"sufficient to keep you from dying after you finish your dinner."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2893
msgid ""
"In a world as complex as this one, we have to defer to authorities, and we "
"whether the adjudication process itself is trustworthy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2902
msgid "Right now, it’s obviously not."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2905
msgid ""
"The past 40 years of rising inequality and industry concentration, together "
"rest of us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2913
msgid ""
"For example, it’s been decades since Exxon’s own scientists concluded that "
"they, too, are the outcome of another conspiracy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2924
msgid ""
"The collapse of the credibility of our systems for divining and upholding "
"sort the true from the false."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2933
msgid ""
"If you’re like me, you probably believe that vaccines are safe, but you "
"safety are <emphasis>not</emphasis> an aberration."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2950
msgid ""
"I’m 100% certain that vaccinating is safe and effective, but I’m also at "
"enrich the super rich."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2958
msgid ""
"Fake news — conspiracy theories, racist ideologies, scientific denialism — "
"and Big Wrestling and Big Car and Big Movie Theater and Big Everything Else."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2967
msgid ""
"No one can say for certain why this has happened, but the two dominant camps "
"attractive because of material conditions in the world)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2975
msgid ""
"I’m a materialist. I’ve been exposed to the arguments of conspiracy "
"the quality of those arguments."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2980
msgid ""
"The major difference is in the world, not the arguments. In a time where "
"plausibility."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2985
msgid ""
"We have always had disagreements about what’s true, but today, we have a "
"lights on)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:2996
msgid ""
"Targeting — surveillance capitalism — makes it easier to find people who are "
"crisis. For that, you need to look to corruption."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3001
msgid ""
"And, conveniently enough, it’s corruption that allows surveillance "
"yourself to commercial surveillance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:3010
msgid "Tech is different"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3012
msgid ""
"I reject both iterations of technological exceptionalism. I reject the idea "
"for its present-day monopolistic status."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3020
msgid ""
"I think tech is just another industry, albeit one that grew up in the "
"the worst nor will it be the last."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3025
msgid ""
"But there’s one way in which I <emphasis>am</emphasis> a tech "
"stability — but it’s a means to achieve these things."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3036
msgid ""
"The hard problem of our species is coordination. Everything from climate "
"viewed as a collective action problem."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3041
msgid ""
"The internet makes it easier than at any time before to find people who want "
"coordinate the work you do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3047
msgid ""
"The internet and the computers we connect to it also possess an exceptional "
"quality: general-purposeness. The internet is designed to allow any two "
"parties to communicate any data, using any protocol, without permission from "
"anyone else. The only production design we have for computers is the "
-"general-purpose, “Turing complete” computer that can run every program we "
-"can express in symbolic logic."
+"general-purpose, <quote>Turing complete</quote> computer that can run every "
+"program we can express in symbolic logic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3056
msgid ""
"This means that every time someone with a special communications need "
"beneficiary of this work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3065
msgid ""
"For these reasons, every type of communication is gradually absorbed into "
"eventually becomes a computer in a fancy case."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3070
msgid ""
"While these considerations don’t preclude regulating networks and computers, "
"many, many other domains."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3076
msgid ""
"The upshot of this is that our best hope of solving the big coordination "
"interventions to solve one problem might create problems in other domains."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:3084
msgid "Ownership of facts"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3086
msgid ""
"Big Tech has a funny relationship with information. When you’re generating "
"claims the rights to make unlimited use of that data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3093
msgid ""
"But when you have the audacity to turn the tables — to use a tool that "
"you’re stealing from them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3100
msgid ""
"The thing is, information is a very bad fit for any kind of private property "
"be bought and sold."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3107
msgid ""
"Information rarely has such a clear title. Take phone numbers: There’s "
"graphs and fill in missing information about other users."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3114
msgid ""
"But the phone numbers Facebook nonconsensually acquires in this transaction "
-"are not the “property” of the users they’re taken from nor do they belong to "
-"the people whose phones ring when you dial those numbers. The numbers are "
-"mere integers, 10 digits in the U.S. and Canada, and they appear in "
-"millions of places, including somewhere deep in pi as well as numerous other "
-"contexts. Giving people ownership titles to integers is an obviously "
-"terrible idea."
+"are not the <quote>property</quote> of the users they’re taken from nor do "
+"they belong to the people whose phones ring when you dial those numbers. The "
+"numbers are mere integers, 10 digits in the U.S. and Canada, and they "
+"appear in millions of places, including somewhere deep in pi as well as "
+"numerous other contexts. Giving people ownership titles to integers is an "
+"obviously terrible idea."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3123
msgid ""
"Likewise for the facts that Facebook and other commercial surveillance "
"who know these facts?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3136
msgid ""
"If you go to a Black Lives Matter demonstration, do the other demonstrators "
"right that everyone else in the mix has to respect."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3145
msgid ""
"The fact that information isn’t a good fit with property and markets doesn’t "
"monster."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3154
msgid ""
"It’s tempting to reach for the property hammer when Big Tech treats your "
"click-through agreement that you don’t have the opportunity to modify."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3165
msgid ""
"Meanwhile, establishing property rights over information will create "
"department and millions for licenses before they can even get started."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3180
msgid ""
"The same goes for things like search indexes of the web or photos of "
"and more."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3194
msgid ""
"The ownership of facts is antithetical to many kinds of human progress. It’s "
"scrutiny and analysis."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:3204
msgid "Persuasion works… slowly"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3206
msgid ""
"The platforms may oversell their ability to persuade people, but obviously, "
"attitudes <emphasis>can</emphasis> change."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3215
msgid ""
"The project of shifting societal attitudes is a game of inches and "
"worldview."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3226
msgid ""
"Yet, after 12 years of terror, once the war ended, Nazi ideology was largely "
"no more permanent than Nazism itself."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3236
msgid ""
"Racism and authoritarianism have also always been with us. Anyone who’s "
"nationalists today."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3245
msgid ""
"If racists haven’t gotten more convincing in the past decade, then how is it "
"opportunists target the fearful and the conspiracy-minded."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:3264
msgid "Paying won’t help"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3266
msgid ""
-"As the old saw goes, “If you’re not paying for the product, you’re the "
-"product.”"
+"As the old saw goes, <quote>If you’re not paying for the product, you’re the "
+"product.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3270
msgid ""
"It’s a commonplace belief today that the advent of free, ad-supported media "
"was the original sin of surveillance capitalism. The reasoning is that the "
-"companies that charged for access couldn’t “compete with free” and so they "
-"were driven out of business. Their ad-supported competitors, meanwhile, "
-"declared open season on their users’ data in a bid to improve their ad "
-"targeting and make more money and then resorted to the most sensationalist "
-"tactics to generate clicks on those ads. If only we’d pay for media again, "
-"we’d have a better, more responsible, more sober discourse that would be "
-"better for democracy."
+"companies that charged for access couldn’t <quote>compete with free</quote> "
+"and so they were driven out of business. Their ad-supported competitors, "
+"meanwhile, declared open season on their users’ data in a bid to improve "
+"their ad targeting and make more money and then resorted to the most "
+"sensationalist tactics to generate clicks on those ads. If only we’d pay for "
+"media again, we’d have a better, more responsible, more sober discourse that "
+"would be better for democracy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3282
msgid ""
"But the degradation of news products long precedes the advent of "
"unable to adapt to the internet — it was monopolism."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3295
msgid ""
"Then, as news companies <emphasis>did</emphasis> come online, the ad "
"Facebook and Google acting as gatekeepers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3305
msgid ""
"Paid services continue to exist alongside free ones, and often it is these "
"your iPhone should have us very worried indeed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3324
msgid ""
"We shouldn’t just be concerned about payment and control: The idea that "
"paying will improve discourse is also dangerously wrong. The poor success "
"rate of targeted advertising means that the platforms have to incentivize "
-"you to “engage” with posts at extremely high levels to generate enough "
-"pageviews to safeguard their profits. As discussed earlier, to increase "
-"engagement, platforms like Facebook use machine learning to guess which "
-"messages will be most inflammatory and make a point of shoving those into "
-"your eyeballs at every turn so that you will hate-click and argue with "
+"you to <quote>engage</quote> with posts at extremely high levels to generate "
+"enough pageviews to safeguard their profits. As discussed earlier, to "
+"increase engagement, platforms like Facebook use machine learning to guess "
+"which messages will be most inflammatory and make a point of shoving those "
+"into your eyeballs at every turn so that you will hate-click and argue with "
"people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3335
msgid ""
"Perhaps paying would fix this, the reasoning goes. If platforms could be "
"reason to algorithmically enrage you to get more clicks out of you, right?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3342
msgid ""
"There may be something to that argument, but it still ignores the wider "
"them to grow so dominant."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3347
msgid ""
"Platforms are world-spanning and all-encompassing because they are "
"climate and technology shocks."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3358
msgid ""
"In this wildly unequal world, paying doesn’t improve the discourse; it "
"for the product is dandy, if you can afford it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3363
msgid ""
"If you think today’s filter bubbles are a problem for our discourse, imagine "
"what they’d be like if rich people inhabited free-flowing Athenian "
"marketplaces of ideas where you have to pay for admission while everyone "
"else lives in online spaces that are subsidized by wealthy benefactors who "
-"relish the chance to establish conversational spaces where the “house rules” "
-"forbid questioning the status quo. That is, imagine if the rich seceded from "
-"Facebook, and then, instead of running ads that made money for shareholders, "
-"Facebook became a billionaire’s vanity project that also happened to ensure "
-"that nobody talked about whether it was fair that only billionaires could "
-"afford to hang out in the rarified corners of the internet."
+"relish the chance to establish conversational spaces where the <quote>house "
+"rules</quote> forbid questioning the status quo. That is, imagine if the "
+"rich seceded from Facebook, and then, instead of running ads that made money "
+"for shareholders, Facebook became a billionaire’s vanity project that also "
+"happened to ensure that nobody talked about whether it was fair that only "
+"billionaires could afford to hang out in the rarified corners of the "
+"internet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3377
msgid ""
"Behind the idea of paying for access is a belief that free markets will "
"to deprive them of the choice to take their business elsewhere."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3390
msgid ""
"Advocates for markets laud their ability to aggregate the diffused knowledge "
"of buyers and sellers across a whole society through demand signals, price "
-"signals, and so on. The argument for surveillance capitalism being a “rogue "
-"capitalism” is that machine-learning-driven persuasion techniques distort "
-"decision-making by consumers, leading to incorrect signals — consumers don’t "
-"buy what they prefer, they buy what they’re tricked into preferring. It "
-"follows that the monopolistic practices of lock-in, which do far more to "
-"constrain consumers’ free choices, are even more of a “rogue capitalism.”"
+"signals, and so on. The argument for surveillance capitalism being a "
+"<quote>rogue capitalism</quote> is that machine-learning-driven persuasion "
+"techniques distort decision-making by consumers, leading to incorrect "
+"signals — consumers don’t buy what they prefer, they buy what they’re "
+"tricked into preferring. It follows that the monopolistic practices of "
+"lock-in, which do far more to constrain consumers’ free choices, are even "
+"more of a <quote>rogue capitalism.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3402
msgid ""
"The profitability of any business is constrained by the possibility that its "
"customers will take their business elsewhere. Both surveillance and lock-in "
"are anti-features that no customer wants. But monopolies can capture their "
"regulators, crush their competitors, insert themselves into their customers’ "
-"lives, and corral people into “choosing” their services regardless of "
-"whether they want them — it’s fine to be terrible when there is no "
-"alternative."
+"lives, and corral people into <quote>choosing</quote> their services "
+"regardless of whether they want them — it’s fine to be terrible when there "
+"is no alternative."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3412
msgid ""
"Ultimately, surveillance and lock-in are both simply business strategies "
"more they <emphasis>can</emphasis> get away with."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:3427
-msgid "An “ecology” moment for trustbusting"
+msgid "An <quote>ecology</quote> moment for trustbusting"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3429
msgid ""
"If we’re going to break Big Tech’s death grip on our digital lives, we’re "
"cyberpunk novel."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3436
msgid ""
"Meanwhile, breaking up monopolies is something we seem to have forgotten how "
"to do. There is a bipartisan, trans-Atlantic consensus that breaking up "
"companies is a fool’s errand at best — liable to mire your federal "
"prosecutors in decades of litigation — and counterproductive at worst, "
-"eroding the “consumer benefits” of large companies with massive efficiencies "
-"of scale."
+"eroding the <quote>consumer benefits</quote> of large companies with massive "
+"efficiencies of scale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3444
msgid ""
"But trustbusters once strode the nation, brandishing law books, terrorizing "
"backs when they went up against the richest, most powerful men in the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3452
msgid "Could we find that political will again?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3455
msgid ""
-"Copyright scholar James Boyle has described how the term “ecology” marked a "
-"turning point in environmental activism. Prior to the adoption of this term, "
-"people who wanted to preserve whale populations didn’t necessarily see "
-"themselves as fighting the same battle as people who wanted to protect the "
-"ozone layer or fight freshwater pollution or beat back smog or acid rain."
+"Copyright scholar James Boyle has described how the term "
+"<quote>ecology</quote> marked a turning point in environmental "
+"activism. Prior to the adoption of this term, people who wanted to preserve "
+"whale populations didn’t necessarily see themselves as fighting the same "
+"battle as people who wanted to protect the ozone layer or fight freshwater "
+"pollution or beat back smog or acid rain."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3463
msgid ""
-"But the term “ecology” welded these disparate causes together into a single "
-"movement, and the members of this movement found solidarity with one "
-"another. The people who cared about smog signed petitions circulated by the "
-"people who wanted to end whaling, and the anti-whalers marched alongside the "
-"people demanding action on acid rain. This uniting behind a common cause "
-"completely changed the dynamics of environmentalism, setting the stage for "
-"today’s climate activism and the sense that preserving the habitability of "
-"the planet Earth is a shared duty among all people."
+"But the term <quote>ecology</quote> welded these disparate causes together "
+"into a single movement, and the members of this movement found solidarity "
+"with one another. The people who cared about smog signed petitions "
+"circulated by the people who wanted to end whaling, and the anti-whalers "
+"marched alongside the people demanding action on acid rain. This uniting "
+"behind a common cause completely changed the dynamics of environmentalism, "
+"setting the stage for today’s climate activism and the sense that preserving "
+"the habitability of the planet Earth is a shared duty among all people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3474
msgid ""
-"I believe we are on the verge of a new “ecology” moment dedicated to "
-"combating monopolies. After all, tech isn’t the only concentrated industry "
-"nor is it even the <emphasis>most</emphasis> concentrated of industries."
+"I believe we are on the verge of a new <quote>ecology</quote> moment "
+"dedicated to combating monopolies. After all, tech isn’t the only "
+"concentrated industry nor is it even the <emphasis>most</emphasis> "
+"concentrated of industries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3480
msgid ""
"You can find partisans for trustbusting in every sector of the "
"follows that nearly every large company will have overlapping shareholders."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3490
msgid ""
"That’s the good news: With a little bit of work and a little bit of "
"then we take AT&T/WarnerMedia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3496
msgid ""
"But here’s the bad news: Much of what we’re doing to tame Big Tech "
"forecloses on the possibility of breaking them up later."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3501
msgid ""
"Big Tech’s concentration currently means that their inaction on harassment, "
"generated by their creations are increasing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3513
msgid ""
"Yet governments confronting all of these problems all inevitably converge on "
"allocate hundreds of millions to run these compliance systems."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3522
msgid ""
"These rules — the EU’s new Directive on Copyright, Australia’s new terror "
"under how small we can hope to make Big Tech."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3531
msgid ""
"That’s because any move to break up Big Tech and cut it down to size will "
"harder."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3543
msgid ""
"Allowing the platforms to grow to their present size has given them a "
"companies, which will make them bigger still."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3553
msgid ""
"We can work to fix the internet by breaking up Big Tech and depriving them "
"behave themselves."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:3561
msgid "Make Big Tech small again"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3563
msgid ""
"Trustbusting is hard. Breaking big companies into smaller ones is expensive "
"because mainframes were being speedily replaced by PCs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><
sect1><blockquote><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3573
msgid ""
"A future U.S. president could simply direct their attorney general to "
"enforce the law as it was written."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3578
msgid ""
"It’s far easier to prevent concentration than to fix it, and reinstating the "
"companies competing directly with the companies that rely on the platforms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3586
msgid ""
"These powers are all in the plain language of U.S. antitrust laws, so in "
"theory, a future U.S. president could simply direct their attorney general "
"to enforce the law as it was written. But after decades of judicial "
-"“education” in the benefits of monopolies, after multiple administrations "
-"that have packed the federal courts with lifetime-appointed monopoly "
-"cheerleaders, it’s not clear that mere administrative action would do the "
-"trick."
+"<quote>education</quote> in the benefits of monopolies, after multiple "
+"administrations that have packed the federal courts with lifetime-appointed "
+"monopoly cheerleaders, it’s not clear that mere administrative action would "
+"do the trick."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3595
msgid ""
"If the courts frustrate the Justice Department and the president, the next "
"stop would be Congress, which could eliminate any doubt about how antitrust "
"law should be enforced in the U.S. by passing new laws that boil down to "
-"saying, “Knock it off. We all know what the Sherman Act says. Robert Bork "
-"was a deranged fantasist. For avoidance of doubt, <emphasis>fuck that "
-"guy</emphasis>.” In other words, the problem with monopolies is "
+"saying, <quote>Knock it off. We all know what the Sherman Act says. Robert "
+"Bork was a deranged fantasist. For avoidance of doubt, <emphasis>fuck that "
+"guy</emphasis>.</quote> In other words, the problem with monopolies is "
"<emphasis>monopolism</emphasis> — the concentration of power into too few "
"hands, which erodes our right to self-determination. If there is a monopoly, "
"the law wants it gone, period. Sure, get rid of monopolies that create "
-"“consumer harm” in the form of higher prices, but also, <emphasis>get rid of "
-"other monopolies, too.</emphasis>"
+"<quote>consumer harm</quote> in the form of higher prices, but also, "
+"<emphasis>get rid of other monopolies, too.</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3609
msgid ""
"But this only prevents things from getting worse. To help them get better, "
"Luxottica from dominating both the sale and the manufacture of spectacles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3618
msgid ""
"In an important sense, it doesn’t matter which industry the breakups begin "
"monopolists, the debate around every corporate boardroom’s table will "
"shift. People within corporations who’ve always felt uneasy about monopolism "
"will gain a powerful new argument to fend off their evil rivals in the "
-"corporate hierarchy: “If we do it my way, we make less money; if we do it "
-"your way, a judge will fine us billions and expose us to ridicule and public "
-"disapprobation. So even though I get that it would be really cool to do that "
-"merger, lock out that competitor, or buy that little company and kill it "
-"before it can threaten it, we really shouldn’t — not if we don’t want to get "
-"tied to the DOJ’s bumper and get dragged up and down Trustbuster Road for "
-"the next 10 years.”"
+"corporate hierarchy: <quote>If we do it my way, we make less money; if we do "
+"it your way, a judge will fine us billions and expose us to ridicule and "
+"public disapprobation. So even though I get that it would be really cool to "
+"do that merger, lock out that competitor, or buy that little company and "
+"kill it before it can threaten it, we really shouldn’t — not if we don’t "
+"want to get tied to the DOJ’s bumper and get dragged up and down Trustbuster "
+"Road for the next 10 years.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:3635
msgid "20 GOTO 10"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3637
msgid ""
"Fixing Big Tech will require a lot of iteration. As cyber lawyer Lawrence "
"acceptable), and markets (what’s profitable)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3644
msgid ""
"If you could wave a wand and get Congress to pass a law that re-fanged the "
"Apple that would be waiting in the wings after they were cut down to size."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3651
msgid ""
"But getting Congress to act will require a massive normative shift, a mass "
"movement of people who care about monopolies — and pulling them apart."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3656
msgid ""
"Getting people to care about monopolies will take technological "
"yet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3668
msgid ""
"Neither tech nor law nor code nor markets are sufficient to reform Big "
"build on to weaken Big Tech even further."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3682
msgid ""
"The surveillance capitalism hypothesis — that Big Tech’s products really "
"in place."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3691
msgid ""
"As to why things are so screwed up? Capitalism. Specifically, the monopolism "
"piss off the monopolists."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3702
msgid ""
"Surveillance doesn’t make capitalism rogue. Capitalism’s unchecked rule "
"lumberyard."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: complete-book.xml:3711
msgid "Up and through"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3713
msgid ""
"With all the problems of Big Tech, it’s tempting to imagine solving the "
"problem by returning to a world without tech at all. Resist that temptation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3718
msgid ""
"The only way out of our Big Tech problem is up and through. If our future is "
"democratic, accountable control."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: complete-book.xml:3728
msgid ""
"I am, secretly, despite what I have said earlier, a tech exceptionalist. Not "
"in the sense of thinking that tech should be given a free pass to monopolize "
-"because it has “economies of scale” or some other nebulous feature. I’m a "
-"tech exceptionalist because I believe that getting tech right matters and "
-"that getting it wrong will be an unmitigated catastrophe — and doing it "
-"right can give us the power to work together to save our civilization, our "
-"species, and our planet."
+"because it has <quote>economies of scale</quote> or some other nebulous "
+"feature. I’m a tech exceptionalist because I believe that getting tech right "
+"matters and that getting it wrong will be an unmitigated catastrophe — and "
+"doing it right can give us the power to work together to save our "
+"civilization, our species, and our planet."
msgstr ""
projects / text-destroy-surveillance.git / commitdiff