are stronger, such as Portuguese (would probably be `po/pt_BR`
vs. `po/pt_PT`).
+## Quick and easy: How to rebuild the sources
+
+You don't really need to follow this script; it's all scripted in a
+`Makefile`. To update the `.pot` (translation template) file, just
+run:
+
+ `make pot`
+
+That is enough to get you to the _Editing the Gettext files_ section.
+
## Markdown conversion
Markdown is an easy to edit format, with very little markup, and
We also include the source Markdown file, mostly as documentation, in
the Git repository root directory.
+### Markdown fixup
+
+The generated Markdown file is correct, but somewhat _dirty_. I came
+up with a quick-and-dirty(er) script to fix several issues,
+`fixup.rb`, and intend to update it as needed:
+
+ ruby fixup.rb source.md dest.md
+
+I still need to add to this fixup the needed markup so that the built
+material reflects the book's structure. It will happen :-) It will, of
+course, happen earlier if you send me some patches!
+
## Extracting strings for translation
Gettext works by presenting each particular string to be edited. We
-<span id="anchor"></span>Made
+Made
-<span id="anchor-1"></span>with
+with
-<span id="anchor-2"></span>Creative
+Creative
-<span id="anchor-3"></span>Commons
+Commons
Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson
Creative Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the
Kickstarter.com platform.
-<span id="anchor-4"></span>“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction
+“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction
journalism. . . The way that I think about these things, and in terms of
what I can do is. . . essays like this are occasions to watch somebody
reasonably bright but also reasonably average pay far closer attention
and think at far more length about all sorts of different stuff than
most of us have a chance to in our daily lives.”
-<span id="anchor-5"></span>
-<span id="anchor-6"></span>- David Foster Wallace
-<span id="anchor-7"></span>Foreword
+- David Foster Wallace
+
+Foreword
Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I
met with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As
*CEO, Creative Commons*
-<span id="anchor-8"></span>Introduction
+Introduction
This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with
a twist.
*Paul and Sarah *
-<span id="anchor-9"></span>Part 1
+Part 1
-<span id="anchor-10"></span>The Big Picture
+The Big Picture
-<span id="anchor-11"></span>The New
+The New
-<span id="anchor-12"></span>World of
+World of
-<span id="anchor-13"></span>Digital
+Digital
-<span id="anchor-14"></span>Commons
+Commons
Paul Stacey
community. Special regard is given to equitable access, use, and
sustainability.
-<span id="anchor-15"></span>The Commons, the Market, and the State
+The Commons, the Market, and the State
Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share
wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the
the commons the same way you do the market or state is not a strategy
for success.
-<span id="anchor-16"></span>The Four Aspects of a Resource
+The Four Aspects of a Resource
As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a
framework for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6
and rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use
along with outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2).
-<span id="anchor-17"></span>Characteristics
+Characteristics
Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the
way they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human
a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in
undiminished or enhanced form to future generations.
-<span id="anchor-18"></span>People and processes
+People and processes
In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and
processes are used to manage resources. The processes used define both
person behind a resource makes the commons less anonymous and more
personal.
-<span id="anchor-19"></span>Norms and rules
+Norms and rules
The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the
state, market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms
given not just to economic efficiency but also to equity and
sustainability.9
-<span id="anchor-20"></span>Goals
+Goals
The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s
inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and
their ability to strategically utilize and balance these different
aspects of managing resources.
-<span id="anchor-21"></span>A Short History of the Commons
+A Short History of the Commons
Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical
continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state
state funded digital works should be that they are freely and openly
available to the public that paid for them.
-<span id="anchor-22"></span>The Digital Revolution
+The Digital Revolution
In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from
each other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement
others about who we are and what we care about. Sharing lets us feel
more involved with the world.19
-<span id="anchor-23"></span>The Birth of Creative Commons
+The Birth of Creative Commons
In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all
those who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons
Creative Commons to ensure works funded with taxpayer dollars are open
and free to the public that paid for them.
-<span id="anchor-24"></span>The Changing Market
+The Changing Market
Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial
systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and
them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue streams
lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability.
-<span id="anchor-25"></span>Benefits of the Digital Commons
+Benefits of the Digital Commons
While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact
and engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less
enterprises, choosing to manage resources as a commons ought to be the
option of choice.
-<span id="anchor-26"></span>Our Case Studies
+Our Case Studies
The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate
as nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal
and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review
Press, 2006), 31–44.
-<span id="anchor-27"></span>How
+How
-<span id="anchor-28"></span>to Be
+to Be
-<span id="anchor-29"></span>Made with
+Made with
-<span id="anchor-30"></span>Creative
+Creative
-<span id="anchor-31"></span>Commons
+Commons
Sarah Hinchliff Pearson
business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve
“problem zero.”
-<span id="anchor-32"></span>Problem Zero: Getting Discovered
+Problem Zero: Getting Discovered
Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users,
customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It
There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to
your benefit. Here are a few.
-<span id="anchor-33"></span>Use CC to grow a larger audience
+Use CC to grow a larger audience
Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it
automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the
but it is also because a large following is at least a partial indicator
of quality or usefulness.18
-<span id="anchor-34"></span>Use CC to get attribution and name
+Use CC to get attribution and name
recognition
Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the
misinformation, being a trusted information source is more valuable than
ever.
-<span id="anchor-35"></span>Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool
+Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool
As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with
Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than
resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax
textbooks).
-<span id="anchor-36"></span>Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with
+Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with
your work
The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an
your response is part of the event.”26 Opening the door to your content
can get people more deeply tied to your work.
-<span id="anchor-37"></span>Use CC to differentiate yourself
+Use CC to differentiate yourself
Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating
under the rules of establishment players in the media. Business
cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David
said. “Change the rules of engagement.”
-<span id="anchor-38"></span>Making Money
+Making Money
Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons
have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers.
what we learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a
higher level of abstraction can be instructive.
-<span id="anchor-39"></span>Market-based revenue streams
+Market-based revenue streams
In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in
revenue is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if
Here are the most common high-level categories.
-<span id="anchor-40"></span>Providing a custom service to consumers of
+Providing a custom service to consumers of
your work * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The
cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the custom-song
business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann.
-<span id="anchor-41"></span>Charging for the physical copy *
+Charging for the physical copy *
\[MARKET-BASED\]*
In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as
with other providers of the same works based on quality, service, or
other traditional business principles.
-<span id="anchor-42"></span>Charging for the in-person version *
+Charging for the in-person version *
\[MARKET-BASED\]*
As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing
people go view original art in person or pay to attend a talk or
training course.
-<span id="anchor-43"></span>Selling merchandise * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+Selling merchandise * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products
demonstrating a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can
platforms.36 Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are
willing to pay for—there are other services you can provide as well.
-<span id="anchor-44"></span>Charging advertisers or sponsors *
+Charging advertisers or sponsors *
\[MARKET-BASED\]*
The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In
display advertising, the advertiser pays to be an official sponsor of
particular content or projects, or of the overall endeavor.
-<span id="anchor-45"></span>Charging your content creators *
+Charging your content creators *
\[MARKET-BASED\]*
Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators
universities pay to have their faculties participate as writers of the
content on the Conversation website.
-<span id="anchor-46"></span>Charging a transaction fee *
+Charging a transaction fee *
\[MARKET-BASED\]*
This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering
site pays a maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the
platform.
-<span id="anchor-47"></span>Providing a service to your creators*
+Providing a service to your creators*
\[MARKET-BASED\]*
As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized
this model by providing paid tools to help their users make the data
they contribute to the platform more discoverable and reusable.
-<span id="anchor-48"></span>Licensing a trademark* \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+Licensing a trademark* \[MARKET-BASED\]*
Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling
use of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with
of deriving revenue from something scarce while taking advantage of the
abundance of CC content.
-<span id="anchor-49"></span>Reciprocity-based revenue streams
+Reciprocity-based revenue streams
Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional
economic framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture
think of relationships in the market as being centered on an even-steven
exchange of value.41
-<span id="anchor-50"></span>Memberships and individual donations
+Memberships and individual donations
*\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\]*
While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding
public good or that the entire endeavor is furthering a social mission,
the more likely this strategy is to succeed.
-<span id="anchor-51"></span>The pay-what-you-want model
+The pay-what-you-want model
*\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\]*
In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons
value in the marketplace, even in situations where we could find a way
to get it for free.
-<span id="anchor-52"></span>Crowdfunding *\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\]*
+Crowdfunding *\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\]*
Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and
distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is
budgets tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library
community and to the idea of open access generally.
-<span id="anchor-53"></span>Making Human Connections
+Making Human Connections
Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly
heard language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to
humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations
to each other. To remind us what sharing really looks like.
-<span id="anchor-54"></span>Be human
+Be human
Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to
treat each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person
“humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But it can’t be a
gimmick. You can’t fake being human.
-<span id="anchor-55"></span>Be open and accountable
+Be open and accountable
Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you
do, but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity
thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people
involved and invested in what you do.
-<span id="anchor-56"></span>Design for the good actors
+Design for the good actors
Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on
their own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human
largely trust that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are
supposed to do.52 And most often, they do.
-<span id="anchor-57"></span>Treat humans like, well, humans
+Treat humans like, well, humans
For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like
fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53
paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it can dramatically
change the dynamic.56
-<span id="anchor-58"></span>State your principles and stick to them
+State your principles and stick to them
Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and
what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses
self-interest.57 It attracts committed employees, motivates
contributors, and builds trust.
-<span id="anchor-59"></span>Build a community
+Build a community
Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is
built around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating
connected around common interests or values, is in many ways what
sharing is about.
-<span id="anchor-60"></span>Give more to the commons than you take
+Give more to the commons than you take
Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try
to extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially
reflects the value contributed by others, providing more to contributors
when the value they add outweighs the value provided by you.
-<span id="anchor-61"></span>Involve people in what you do
+Involve people in what you do
Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of
people around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of
75. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of
Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.
-<span id="anchor-62"></span>The
+The
-<span id="anchor-63"></span>Creative
+Creative
-<span id="anchor-64"></span>Commons
+Commons
-<span id="anchor-65"></span>Licenses
+Licenses
All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions.
At a minimum, a CC-
-
licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form for
noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator.
There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic
the way in which shared resources were used. The CC licenses are an
attempt to standardize norms across all domains.
-<span id="anchor-66"></span>Note
+Note
For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your
work in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called
creativecommons.org/share-your-work/.
-<span id="anchor-67"></span>Part 2
+Part 2
-<span id="anchor-68"></span>The Case Studies
+The Case Studies
The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds
of nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons
sharing plays within it, largely the way in which it was told to us by
those we interviewed.
-<span id="anchor-69"></span>Arduino
+Arduino
Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer
hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy.
likes about open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down,
an open-source product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it
easier to trust a
-
product.”
With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders
1. www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products
2. blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/
-<span id="anchor-70"></span>Ártica
+Ártica
Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to
use digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in
success, they will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them
another image of what it looks like.”
-<span id="anchor-71"></span>Blender Institute
+Blender Institute
The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films
using Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands.
For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing.
-<span id="anchor-72"></span>Cards Against Humanity
+Cards Against Humanity
Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a
popular party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S.
All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the
free download, the
-
openness to fans remixing the game—give
-
the game a massive cult following.
Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against
best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your
values, and who you are and why you’re making things.”
-<span id="anchor-73"></span>The Conversation
+The Conversation
The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the
academic and research community and delivered direct to the public over
Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the
Attribution-
-
NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for others to
republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the content is
not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites have
1. theconversation.com/us/charter
-<span id="anchor-74"></span>Cory Doctorow
+Cory Doctorow
Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and
journalist. Based in the U.S.
It has never been easier to think like a dandelion.
-<span id="anchor-75"></span>Figshare
+Figshare
Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where
researchers can preserve and share the output of their research,
infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the
article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to
both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides
-
research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including
Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and
has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data.
2. retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136
3. figshare.com/features
-<span id="anchor-76"></span>Figure.NZ
+Figure.NZ
Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform
designed to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012
Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now,
their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to
get the “network effect”—
-
users dramatically increasing value for themselves and for others
through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making the
network effect possible.
3. figure.nz/business/
4. figure.nz/patrons/
-<span id="anchor-77"></span>Knowledge Unlatched
+Knowledge Unlatched
Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that
brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books.
innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She
founded the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open
access to scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly-
-
book-publishing system is not working for anyone, and especially not for
monographs in the humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is
committed to changing this and has been working with libraries to create
4. collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/
5. www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/
-<span id="anchor-78"></span>Lumen Learning
+Lumen Learning
Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions
use open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S.
David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or
for-
-
profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the
education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking
grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be
increase the visibility of Lumen through presentations, word of mouth,
and referrals. Sometimes the number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s
sales
-
capacity.
To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is
diverse education community makes in OER is not exploited? Lumen thinks
we all need to be clear about how we are benefiting from and
contributing to the open
-
community.
In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even
1. lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/
-<span id="anchor-79"></span>Jonathan Mann
+Jonathan Mann
Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the
“Song A Day” guy. Based in the U.S.
final product of his work is a song rather than news. “There is
something about being challenged and forced to take information that
doesn’t seem like it should be sung about
-
or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that
creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that
process.”
music he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write.
But his business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a
songwriter, and he has found a way to keep it interesting for
-
himself.
Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but
creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because
then so much of what drives you would be gone.”
-<span id="anchor-80"></span>Noun Project
+Noun Project
The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to
display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010
The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty
structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because
building trust is the top
-
priority.
For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time
2. thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\#getting\_paid
3. thenounproject.com/iconathon/
-<span id="anchor-81"></span>Open Data Institute
+Open Data Institute
The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects,
equips, and inspires people around the world to innovate with data.
4. certificates.theodi.org
5. dashboards.theodi.org/company/all
-<span id="anchor-82"></span>OpenDesk
+OpenDesk
Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that
connects furniture designers around the world with customers and local
3. www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join
4. openmaking.is
-<span id="anchor-83"></span>OpenStax
+OpenStax
OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks
for high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement
1. news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg
2. openstax.org/adopters
-<span id="anchor-84"></span>Amanda Palmer
+Amanda Palmer
Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S.
1. http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\#44e20ce46d67
-<span id="anchor-85"></span>PLOS
+PLOS
-<span id="anchor-86"></span>(Public Library of Science)
+(Public Library of Science)
PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library
of academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in
1. collections.plos.org
2. plos.org/article-level-metrics
-<span id="anchor-87"></span>Rijksmuseum
+Rijksmuseum
The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history.
Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands
bound by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists
to use a Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA
license
-
(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if
they want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made
available to the public, but within limits the artists have specified.
www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015
5. www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4
-<span id="anchor-88"></span>Shareable
+Shareable
Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the
U.S.
than a one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there
for people take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities.
-<span id="anchor-89"></span>Siyavula
+Siyavula
Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates
textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South
after the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial
criticisms of the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the
authors and Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this
-
accomplishment.
But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted
3. cnx.org
4. www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html
-<span id="anchor-90"></span>Sparkfun
+Sparkfun
SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open
hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S.
innovative business. In other words, it makes them the kind of company
they set out to be.
-<span id="anchor-91"></span>TeachAIDS
+TeachAIDS
TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to
teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the
quickly scale their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license
has been a game changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said.
-<span id="anchor-92"></span>Tribe of Noise
+Tribe of Noise
Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film,
TV, video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the
some of the control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members
are pursuing a hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC
BY-SA and opting in others with collecting societies like
-
ASCAP or BMI.
It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels,
1. www.instoremusicservice.com
2. www.tribeofnoise.com/info\_instoremusic.php
-<span id="anchor-93"></span>Wikimedia Foundation
+Wikimedia Foundation
The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts
Wikipedia and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S.
1. gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/
-<span id="anchor-94"></span>Bibliography
+Bibliography
Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next
American Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a
Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and
Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015.
-<span id="anchor-95"></span>Acknowledgments
+Acknowledgments
We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the
Creative Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for
Mailloux, Carolyn Hinchliff, Carolyn Rude, Carrie Cousins, Carrie
Watkins, Casey Hunt, Casey Milford, Casey Powell Shorthouse, Cat Cooper,
Cecilie Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile,
-
@ShrimpingIt, Celia Muller, Ces Keller, Chad Anderson, Charles Butler,
Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S.
Tritt, Charles Stanhope, Charlotte Ong-Wisener, Chealsye Bowley, Chelle
Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug
Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr.
Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan
-
Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon Caddigan,
Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo
Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder,
Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun,
Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye-
-
Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily
Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste,
Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik
Harold van Ingen, Harold Watson, Harry Chapman, Harry Kaczka, Harry
Torque, Hayden Glass, Hayley Rosenblum, Heather Leson, Helen Crisp,
Helen
-
Michaud, Helen Qubain, Helle Rekdal Schønemann, Henrique Flach Latorre
Moreno, Henry Finn, Henry Kaiser, Henry Lahore, Henry Steingieser,
Hermann Paar, Hillary Miller, Hironori Kuriaki, Holly Dykes, Holly Lyne,
Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, ZeMarmot Open
Movie
-
--- /dev/null
+SOURCE=MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion
+
+# Versioning: I'm using the date on which I got the source document
+# (2017-06-09), plus an incrementing local part, that *should*
+# increase every time the generated Markdown is modified.
+VERSION=20170609-2
+
+# --top-level-diversion is not available in pandoc in Jessie
+PANDOCOPTS = --top-level-division=part -t docbook -f markdown+inline_notes
+PANDOCOPTS = -t docbook -f markdown+inline_notes
+
+$(SOURCE).md: $(SOURCE).odt fixup.rb
+ TEMP=`tempfile -p mwcc` && \
+ pandoc -f odt $(SOURCE).odt -t markdown > $$TEMP && \
+ ruby fixup.rb $$TEMP $(SOURCE).md && \
+ rm $$TEMP
+
+pot: po/mwcc.pot po/*/mwcc.po
+po/mwcc.pot: $(SOURCE).md
+ TEMP=`tempfile -p mwcc` && \
+ po4a-gettextize -f text -m $(SOURCE).md -p $$TEMP -M utf-8 --package-name 'Made with Creative Commons' --package-version $(VERSION) && \
+ echo '# MADE WITH CREATIVE COMMONS' > $@ && \
+ echo '# Copyright (C) 2017 by Creative Commons.' >> $@ && \
+ echo '# This file is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), version 4.0' >> $@ && \
+ echo '# Authors: Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson' >> $@ && \
+ tail --lines=+5 $$TEMP >> $@ && \
+ rm $$TEMP
+ for LANG in po/*/mwcc.po; do \
+ echo -n $$LANG\ ; \
+ msgmerge $$LANG po/mwcc.pot -U ; \
+ done
+
+
+%.xml: %.md
+ pandoc -o $@ $(PANDOCOPTS) MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md
+
+pdf: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml
+ dblatex -b xetex MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml
+
+XMLLINTOPTS = --nonet --noout --xinclude --postvalid
+lint: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml
+ xmllint $(XMLLINTOPTS) $^
+
+.SUFFIXES: .xml .md
--- /dev/null
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# coding: utf-8
+raise ArgumentError, 'Source file not specified' if ARGV.size != 2
+srcfile = ARGV[0]
+dstfile = ARGV[1]
+
+data=File.open(srcfile).readlines.map {|l| l.chomp!}
+
+data.map {|lin| lin.gsub!(/<span id="anchor-?\d*"><\/span>/, '')}
+
+# Join erroneously split paragraphs
+['At a minimum, a CC-',
+ 'easier to trust a',
+ 'free download, the',
+ 'openness to fans remixing the game—give',
+ 'Attribution-',
+ 'both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides',
+ 'get the “network effect”—',
+ 'access to scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly-',
+ 'for-',
+ 'sales',
+ 'contributing to the open',
+ 'doesn’t seem like it should be sung about',
+ 'songwriter, and he has found a way to keep it interesting for',
+ 'building trust is the top',
+ 'license',
+ 'authors and Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this',
+ 'BY-SA and opting in others with collecting societies like',
+ 'Cecilie Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile,',
+ 'Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan',
+ 'Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye-',
+ 'Helen',
+].each do |line|
+ at = data.index {|i| i == line}
+ if !at.nil? and data[at+1] == ''
+ data.delete_at(at+1)
+ end
+end
+
+File.open(dstfile, 'w') {|f| f.puts data.join("\n")}
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-06-19 14:24-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-25 23:26-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-07-25 23:15+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Gunnar Wolf <gwolf@gwolf.org>\n"
-"Language-Team: Spanish "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/es/>\n"
+"Language-Team: Spanish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
+"translation/es/>\n"
"Language: es\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Made"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Hecho"
+msgid "Made"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>with"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>con"
+msgid "with"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
+msgid "Creative"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
+msgid "Commons"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
-msgid "Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), version 4.0."
-msgstr "Publicado bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual (CC BY-SA), versión 4.0."
+msgid ""
+"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
+"SA), version 4.0."
+msgstr ""
+"Publicado bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual (CC "
+"BY-SA), versión 4.0."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:61
-msgid "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. License details: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
-msgstr "Este libro se publica bajo una licencia CC BY-SA, lo cual significa que usted puede copiarlo, redistribuirlo, remezclarlo, transformarlo, y construir sobre su contenido para cualquier propósito, incluso comercial, mientras dé el crédito apropiado, provea un enlace a la licencia, e indique si se realizaron cambios. Si remezcla, transforma, o construye sobre el material, debe distribuir sus contribuciones bajo el mismo licenciamiento que el material original. Detalles de licenciamiento: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
+msgid ""
+"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
+"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
+"purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, provide "
+"a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, "
+"transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your "
+"contributions under the same license as the original. License details: "
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
+msgstr ""
+"Este libro se publica bajo una licencia CC BY-SA, lo cual significa que "
+"usted puede copiarlo, redistribuirlo, remezclarlo, transformarlo, y "
+"construir sobre su contenido para cualquier propósito, incluso comercial, "
+"mientras dé el crédito apropiado, provea un enlace a la licencia, e indique "
+"si se realizaron cambios. Si remezcla, transforma, o construye sobre el "
+"material, debe distribuir sus contribuciones bajo el mismo licenciamiento "
+"que el material original. Detalles de licenciamiento: creativecommons.org/"
+"licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:65
-msgid "Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com platform."
-msgstr "Hecho con Creative Commons se publicó con el amable soporte de Creative Commons y los patrocinadores de nuestra campaña de financiamiento en la plataforma Kickstarter.com."
+msgid ""
+"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
+"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
+"platform."
+msgstr ""
+"Hecho con Creative Commons se publicó con el amable soporte de Creative "
+"Commons y los patrocinadores de nuestra campaña de financiamiento en la "
+"plataforma Kickstarter.com."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily lives.”"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>“No se mucho de periodismo no ficticio... La forma en que pienso acerca de estas cosas, en términos de lo que puedo hacer es que... Ensayos como este son oportunidades para ver a alguien razonablemente brillante, pero que también recibe una paga razonablemente promedio, poner mucha más atención y pensar a mucha mayor profundidad acerca de todo tipo de cosas diferentes de lo que tenemos la oportunidad de hacer en nuestras vidas diarias.”"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:74
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-5\"></span>"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-5\"></span>"
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
+"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
+"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
+"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
+"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
+"lives.”"
+msgstr ""
+"<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>“No se mucho de periodismo no ficticio... La "
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+"es que... Ensayos como este son oportunidades para ver a alguien "
+"razonablemente brillante, pero que también recibe una paga razonablemente "
+"promedio, poner mucha más atención y pensar a mucha mayor profundidad acerca "
+"de todo tipo de cosas diferentes de lo que tenemos la oportunidad de hacer "
+"en nuestras vidas diarias.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:76
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-6\"></span>- David Foster Wallace"
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-6\"></span>- David Foster Wallace"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:78
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Foreword"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Prefacio"
+msgid "Foreword"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
-msgid "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”"
-msgstr "Hace tres años, justo después de haber sido contratado como CEO de Creative Commons, me encontré con Cory Doctorow en el bar del Hotel Gladstone, en Toronto. Siendo él uno de los impulsores más reconocidos de CC —alguien que tenía además una carrera exitosa, y un escritor que comparte sus obras mediante CC— le dije que creía que CC cumplía un papel en definir e impulsar modelos de negocio abiertos. Gentilmente se manifestó en desacuerdo, y llamó a la búsqueda de modelos viables de negocio mediante CC “una cortina de humo.”"
+msgid ""
+"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
+"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
+"CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as "
+"a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in "
+"defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called "
+"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Hace tres años, justo después de haber sido contratado como CEO de Creative "
+"Commons, me encontré con Cory Doctorow en el bar del Hotel Gladstone, en "
+"Toronto. Siendo él uno de los impulsores más reconocidos de CC —alguien que "
+"tenía además una carrera exitosa, y un escritor que comparte sus obras "
+"mediante CC— le dije que creía que CC cumplía un papel en definir e impulsar "
+"modelos de negocio abiertos. Gentilmente se manifestó en desacuerdo, y llamó "
+"a la búsqueda de modelos viables de negocio mediante CC “una cortina de "
+"humo.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
-msgid "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: “Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”"
-msgstr "Tenía, de cierto modo, toda la razón —Quienes hacen cosas con Creative Commons tienen motivos ulteriores, como lo explica Paul Stacey en su libro: ”Independientemente del estado legal, todos tienen una misión social. Su razón principal de ser es hacer del mundo un mejor lugar, no lucrar. El dinero es un medio para un fin social, no el fin mismo.”"
+msgid ""
+"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
+"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
+"“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary "
+"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money "
+"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Tenía, de cierto modo, toda la razón —Quienes hacen cosas con Creative "
+"Commons tienen motivos ulteriores, como lo explica Paul Stacey en su libro: "
+"”Independientemente del estado legal, todos tienen una misión social. Su "
+"razón principal de ser es hacer del mundo un mejor lugar, no lucrar. El "
+"dinero es un medio para un fin social, no el fin mismo.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
-msgid "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.”"
-msgstr "En el estudio de caso acerca de Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cita las palabras de Cory de su libro La Información no Quiere ser Libre: ”Hacerse artista porque puedes hacerte rico es como comprar boletos de lotería porque quieres hacerte rico. Podría funcionar, pero muy probablemente no lo hará. Sin embargo, claro, alguien siempre se gana la lotería.”"
+msgid ""
+"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
+"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
+"because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want "
+"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of "
+"course, someone always wins the lottery.”"
+msgstr ""
+"En el estudio de caso acerca de Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cita "
+"las palabras de Cory de su libro La Información no Quiere ser Libre: "
+"”Hacerse artista porque puedes hacerte rico es como comprar boletos de "
+"lotería porque quieres hacerte rico. Podría funcionar, pero muy "
+"probablemente no lo hará. Sin embargo, claro, alguien siempre se gana la "
+"lotería.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
-msgid "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is filled with stories of those who take much greater risks than the two dollars we pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that come from pursuing their passions and living their values."
-msgstr "Hoy en día, los derechos de autor son como un boleto de lotería — todos tienen uno, y casi nadie gana. Lo que no te dicen es que si eliges compartir tu trabajo, los rendimientos pueden ser significativos y duraderos. Este libro está lleno de historias de quienes toman riesgos mucho mayores que los dos dólares que pagamos por un boleto de lotería, y sin embargo cosechan las recompensas que surgen de perseguir sus pasiones y vivir según sus valores."
+msgid ""
+"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
+"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
+"work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is filled "
+"with stories of those who take much greater risks than the two dollars we "
+"pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that come from "
+"pursuing their passions and living their values."
+msgstr ""
+"Hoy en día, los derechos de autor son como un boleto de lotería — todos "
+"tienen uno, y casi nadie gana. Lo que no te dicen es que si eliges compartir "
+"tu trabajo, los rendimientos pueden ser significativos y duraderos. Este "
+"libro está lleno de historias de quienes toman riesgos mucho mayores que los "
+"dos dólares que pagamos por un boleto de lotería, y sin embargo cosechan las "
+"recompensas que surgen de perseguir sus pasiones y vivir según sus valores."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:111
-msgid "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”"
-msgstr "Así que no es acerca del dinero. Sin embargo, sí lo es. Encontrar los medios para continuar creando y compartiendo frecuentemente requiere de algunos ingresos. Max Temkin, de Cards Against Humanity, lo explica muy bien en su estudio de caso: ”No hacemos chistes y juegos para hacer dinero — Hacemos dinero para poder seguir haciendo más chistes y juegos.”"
+msgid ""
+"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
+"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
+"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and "
+"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Así que no es acerca del dinero. Sin embargo, sí lo es. Encontrar los medios "
+"para continuar creando y compartiendo frecuentemente requiere de algunos "
+"ingresos. Max Temkin, de Cards Against Humanity, lo explica muy bien en su "
+"estudio de caso: ”No hacemos chistes y juegos para hacer dinero — Hacemos "
+"dinero para poder seguir haciendo más chistes y juegos.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:119
-msgid "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the heart of our strategy. With that in mind, Creative Commons began this book project. Led by Paul and Sarah, the project set out to define and advance the best open business models. Paul and Sarah were the ideal authors to write Made with Creative Commons."
-msgstr "El objetivo de Creative Commons es la construcción de un procomún vibrante, usable, impulsado por la colaboración y la gratitud. En el corazón de nuestra estrategia está el habilitar a las comunidades de colaboración. Considerando esto, Creative Commons inició este proyecto de libro. Con la guía de Paul y Sarah, el proyecto inició para definir y fomentar los mejores modelos de negocios abiertos. Paul y Sarah fueron los autores ideales para escribir Hecho con Creative Commons."
+msgid ""
+"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
+"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
+"heart of our strategy. With that in mind, Creative Commons began this book "
+"project. Led by Paul and Sarah, the project set out to define and advance "
+"the best open business models. Paul and Sarah were the ideal authors to "
+"write Made with Creative Commons."
+msgstr ""
+"El objetivo de Creative Commons es la construcción de un procomún vibrante, "
+"usable, impulsado por la colaboración y la gratitud. En el corazón de "
+"nuestra estrategia está el habilitar a las comunidades de colaboración. "
+"Considerando esto, Creative Commons inició este proyecto de libro. Con la "
+"guía de Paul y Sarah, el proyecto inició para definir y fomentar los mejores "
+"modelos de negocios abiertos. Paul y Sarah fueron los autores ideales para "
+"escribir Hecho con Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:127
-msgid "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of capitalism. He is driven by the power of human connections between communities of creators. He takes a longer view than most, and it’s made him a better educator, an insightful researcher, and also a skilled gardener. He has a calm, cool voice that conveys a passion that inspires his colleagues and community."
-msgstr "Paul sueña con un futuro en el que nuevos modelos de creatividad e innovación dominen a la inequidad y escasez que hoy en día definen a lo peor del capitalismo. A él lo impulsa la fuerza que tienen las conexiones humanas entre las comunidad de creadores. Es más observador que la mayoría, y esto lo ha hecho un mejor educador, un investigador perspicaz, y también un hábil jardinero. Tiene una voz fresca y calma que transmite la pasión que inspira a sus colegas y a su comunidad."
+msgid ""
+"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
+"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
+"capitalism. He is driven by the power of human connections between "
+"communities of creators. He takes a longer view than most, and it’s made him "
+"a better educator, an insightful researcher, and also a skilled gardener. He "
+"has a calm, cool voice that conveys a passion that inspires his colleagues "
+"and community."
+msgstr ""
+"Paul sueña con un futuro en el que nuevos modelos de creatividad e "
+"innovación dominen a la inequidad y escasez que hoy en día definen a lo peor "
+"del capitalismo. A él lo impulsa la fuerza que tienen las conexiones humanas "
+"entre las comunidad de creadores. Es más observador que la mayoría, y esto "
+"lo ha hecho un mejor educador, un investigador perspicaz, y también un hábil "
+"jardinero. Tiene una voz fresca y calma que transmite la pasión que inspira "
+"a sus colegas y a su comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:137
-msgid "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past year I’ve seen Sarah struggle with the heartbreak that comes from investing so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
-msgstr "Sarah pertenece al mejor tipo de abogados — Una verdadera defensora que cree en el bien de la gente, así como en el poder de los actos colectivos para cambiar al mundo. A lo largo del último año he visto a Sarah luchar con la angustia que viene de invertir tanto en una campaña política que no terminó como ella esperaba. Hoy, está más determinada que nunca a vivir apegada a sus valores. Puedo siempre contar con Sarah para impulsar a Creative Commons para enfocarnos en nuestro impacto — hacer que lo primario sea lo primario. Ella es práctica, detallista y lista. Es la persona con quien más disfruto debatir de mi equipo."
+msgid ""
+"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
+"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
+"year I’ve seen Sarah struggle with the heartbreak that comes from investing "
+"so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, "
+"she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her "
+"sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our "
+"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-"
+"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
+msgstr ""
+"Sarah pertenece al mejor tipo de abogados — Una verdadera defensora que cree "
+"en el bien de la gente, así como en el poder de los actos colectivos para "
+"cambiar al mundo. A lo largo del último año he visto a Sarah luchar con la "
+"angustia que viene de invertir tanto en una campaña política que no terminó "
+"como ella esperaba. Hoy, está más determinada que nunca a vivir apegada a "
+"sus valores. Puedo siempre contar con Sarah para impulsar a Creative Commons "
+"para enfocarnos en nuestro impacto — hacer que lo primario sea lo primario. "
+"Ella es práctica, detallista y lista. Es la persona con quien más disfruto "
+"debatir de mi equipo."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
-msgid "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and sometimes independently. They dove into the research and writing with passion and curiosity, and a deep respect for what goes into building the commons and sharing with the world. They remained open to new ideas, including the possibility that their initial theories would need refinement or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a better book that is insightful, honest, and useful."
-msgstr "Como coautores, Paul y Sarah se complementan perfectamente. Investigaron, analizaron, discutieron, y trabajaron como un equipo, a veces juntos y a veces de forma independiente. Se sumergieron en la investigación y en la escritura con pasión y curiosidad, y un profundo respeto por lo que conlleva construir el procomún y compartirlo con el mundo. Se mantuvieron abiertos a nuevas ideas, incluyendo la posibilidad de que sus teorías iniciales requirieran refinamiento o estuvieran completamente equivocadas. Eso requiere coraje, y llevó a que el libro resulte mejor, al ser interesante, honesto y útil."
+msgid ""
+"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
+"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
+"sometimes independently. They dove into the research and writing with "
+"passion and curiosity, and a deep respect for what goes into building the "
+"commons and sharing with the world. They remained open to new ideas, "
+"including the possibility that their initial theories would need refinement "
+"or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a "
+"better book that is insightful, honest, and useful."
+msgstr ""
+"Como coautores, Paul y Sarah se complementan perfectamente. Investigaron, "
+"analizaron, discutieron, y trabajaron como un equipo, a veces juntos y a "
+"veces de forma independiente. Se sumergieron en la investigación y en la "
+"escritura con pasión y curiosidad, y un profundo respeto por lo que conlleva "
+"construir el procomún y compartirlo con el mundo. Se mantuvieron abiertos a "
+"nuevas ideas, incluyendo la posibilidad de que sus teorías iniciales "
+"requirieran refinamiento o estuvieran completamente equivocadas. Eso "
+"requiere coraje, y llevó a que el libro resulte mejor, al ser interesante, "
+"honesto y útil."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
-msgid "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in itself, an example of an open business model."
-msgstr "Desde el principio, CC quiso desarrollar este proyecto siguiendo los principios y valores de la colaboración abierta. El libro fue fondeado, desarrollado, investigado y escrito de forma abierta. Se comparte abiertamente bajo una licencia CC BY-SA para que cualquiera puede usarlo, remezclarlo o adaptarlo con atribución. Es, por sí mismo, un ejemplo de un modelo de negocios abierto."
+msgid ""
+"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
+"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
+"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-"
+"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
+"itself, an example of an open business model."
+msgstr ""
+"Desde el principio, CC quiso desarrollar este proyecto siguiendo los "
+"principios y valores de la colaboración abierta. El libro fue fondeado, "
+"desarrollado, investigado y escrito de forma abierta. Se comparte "
+"abiertamente bajo una licencia CC BY-SA para que cualquiera puede usarlo, "
+"remezclarlo o adaptarlo con atribución. Es, por sí mismo, un ejemplo de un "
+"modelo de negocios abierto."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:159
-msgid "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The remainder was provided by CC’s generous donors and supporters. In the end, it became one of the most successful book projects on Kickstarter, smashing through two stretch goals and engaging over 1,600 donors—the majority of them new supporters of Creative Commons."
-msgstr "Durante 31 días en agosto de 2015, Sarah se dedicó a organizar y ejecutar una campaña Kickstarter para generar el financiamiento núcleo para el libro. El resto fue provisto por los generosos donantes y colaboradores de CC. A fin de cuentas, resultó uno de los proyectos de libro más exitosos de Kickstarter, rompiendo dos objetivos extendidos, e involucrando a más de 1,600 donantes — la mayoría de ellos, apoyando por primera vez a Creative Commons."
+msgid ""
+"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
+"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
+"remainder was provided by CC’s generous donors and supporters. In the end, "
+"it became one of the most successful book projects on Kickstarter, smashing "
+"through two stretch goals and engaging over 1,600 donors—the majority of "
+"them new supporters of Creative Commons."
+msgstr ""
+"Durante 31 días en agosto de 2015, Sarah se dedicó a organizar y ejecutar "
+"una campaña Kickstarter para generar el financiamiento núcleo para el libro. "
+"El resto fue provisto por los generosos donantes y colaboradores de CC. A "
+"fin de cuentas, resultó uno de los proyectos de libro más exitosos de "
+"Kickstarter, rompiendo dos objetivos extendidos, e involucrando a más de "
+"1,600 donantes — la mayoría de ellos, apoyando por primera vez a Creative "
+"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:168
-msgid "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged communities all over the world to help write this book. As their opinions diverged and their interests came into focus, they divided their voices and decided to keep them separate in the final product. Working in this way requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made Made with Creative Commons a better project."
-msgstr "Paul y Sarah trabajaron abiertamente durante todo el proyecto, publicando sus planes, borradores, estudios de caso y análisis, temprano y frecuentemente, e involucraron a comunidades en todo el mundo para ayudar a escribir este libro. Conforme sus opiniones divergían y sus intereses se fueron definiendo más claramente, dividieron sus voces y decidieron mantenerlas por separado en el producto final. Trabajar de esta manera requiere tanto de humildad como de confianza en sí mismo, y sin duda llevó a que Hecho con Creative Commons resultara un mejor proyecto."
+msgid ""
+"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
+"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
+"communities all over the world to help write this book. As their opinions "
+"diverged and their interests came into focus, they divided their voices and "
+"decided to keep them separate in the final product. Working in this way "
+"requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made "
+"Made with Creative Commons a better project."
+msgstr ""
+"Paul y Sarah trabajaron abiertamente durante todo el proyecto, publicando "
+"sus planes, borradores, estudios de caso y análisis, temprano y "
+"frecuentemente, e involucraron a comunidades en todo el mundo para ayudar a "
+"escribir este libro. Conforme sus opiniones divergían y sus intereses se "
+"fueron definiendo más claramente, dividieron sus voces y decidieron "
+"mantenerlas por separado en el producto final. Trabajar de esta manera "
+"requiere tanto de humildad como de confianza en sí mismo, y sin duda llevó a "
+"que Hecho con Creative Commons resultara un mejor proyecto."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
-msgid "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a profound gift. What they receive in return is gratitude and a community."
-msgstr "Quienes trabajan y comparten en el procomún no son los creadores típicos. Son parte de algo más grande que ellos mismos, y lo que nos ofrecen a todos es un gran regalo. Lo que reciben a cambio es gratitud, y una comunidad."
+msgid ""
+"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
+"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
+"profound gift. What they receive in return is gratitude and a community."
+msgstr ""
+"Quienes trabajan y comparten en el procomún no son los creadores típicos. "
+"Son parte de algo más grande que ellos mismos, y lo que nos ofrecen a todos "
+"es un gran regalo. Lo que reciben a cambio es gratitud, y una comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:180
-msgid "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer himself up as a Kickstarter benefit), he agreed immediately. Why would he agree to do that? Because the commons has collaboration at its core, and community as a key value, and because the CC licenses have helped so many to share in the ways that they choose with a global audience."
-msgstr "Jonathan Mann, perfilado en este libro, escribe una canción cada día. Cuando lo contacté para pedirle que escribiera una canción para nuestro Kickstarter (y ofrecerse a sí mismo como un beneficio para el Kickstarter), aceptó de inmediato. ¿Por qué lo haría? Porque el procomún tiene en su núcleo a la colaboración, porque la comunidad es un valor clave, y porque las licencias CC han ayudado a tantos para compartir de la forma que les gusta y con un público global."
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
+"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
+"himself up as a Kickstarter benefit), he agreed immediately. Why would he "
+"agree to do that? Because the commons has collaboration at its core, and "
+"community as a key value, and because the CC licenses have helped so many to "
+"share in the ways that they choose with a global audience."
+msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Mann, perfilado en este libro, escribe una canción cada día. Cuando "
+"lo contacté para pedirle que escribiera una canción para nuestro Kickstarter "
+"(y ofrecerse a sí mismo como un beneficio para el Kickstarter), aceptó de "
+"inmediato. ¿Por qué lo haría? Porque el procomún tiene en su núcleo a la "
+"colaboración, porque la comunidad es un valor clave, y porque las licencias "
+"CC han ayudado a tantos para compartir de la forma que les gusta y con un "
+"público global."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:192
msgid ""
-"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely "
-"of value to them.”"
-msgstr ""
-"Sarah escribe, ”Los esfuerzos que son Hechos con Creative Commons prosperan cuando se construye una comunidad alrededor de lo que hacen. Puede ser que una comunidad colabore en conjunto para crear algo nuevo, o puede ser simplemente una colección de personas de ideas afines que se conocen y se reúnen alrededor de intereses o creencias comunes. Hasta cierto grado, simplemente ser Hecho con Creative Commons automáticamente trae consigo un cierto elemento de comunidad, ayudando a conectarte a terceros como tú que reconocen y son atraídos por los valores simbolizados por usar CC.” Amanda Palmer, la otra música perfilada en el libro, seguramente agregaría esto de su estudio de caso: ”No hay un objetivo más satisfactorio que el que "
-"alguien te diga que lo que haces genuinamente resulta valioso para ellos.”"
+"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
+"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
+"collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a "
+"collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around "
+"common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with "
+"Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by "
+"helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the "
+"values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled "
+"in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more "
+"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is "
+"genuinely of value to them.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Sarah escribe, ”Los esfuerzos que son Hechos con Creative Commons prosperan "
+"cuando se construye una comunidad alrededor de lo que hacen. Puede ser que "
+"una comunidad colabore en conjunto para crear algo nuevo, o puede ser "
+"simplemente una colección de personas de ideas afines que se conocen y se "
+"reúnen alrededor de intereses o creencias comunes. Hasta cierto grado, "
+"simplemente ser Hecho con Creative Commons automáticamente trae consigo un "
+"cierto elemento de comunidad, ayudando a conectarte a terceros como tú que "
+"reconocen y son atraídos por los valores simbolizados por usar CC.” Amanda "
+"Palmer, la otra música perfilada en el libro, seguramente agregaría esto de "
+"su estudio de caso: ”No hay un objetivo más satisfactorio que el que alguien "
+"te diga que lo que haces genuinamente resulta valioso para ellos.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:201
-msgid "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social end, to build something great through collaboration, or to join a powerful and growing global community, they’re sure to be satisfied. Made with Creative Commons offers a world-changing set of clearly articulated values and principles, some essential tools for exploring your own business opportunities, and two dozen doses of pure inspiration."
-msgstr "Este no es un libro de negocios típico. Posiblemente decepcione a quien busque una receta o una hoja de ruta. Quienes buscan perseguir un fin social, construir algo grandioso mediante la colaboración, o unirse a una comunidad global poderosa y creciente, seguramente resultarán satisfechos. Hecho con Creative Commons ofrece un conjunto de valores y principios claramente articulados capaces de cambiar al mundo, algunas herramientas esenciales para explorar tus propias oportunidades de negocios, y dos docenas de dosis de inspiración pura."
+msgid ""
+"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
+"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
+"end, to build something great through collaboration, or to join a powerful "
+"and growing global community, they’re sure to be satisfied. Made with "
+"Creative Commons offers a world-changing set of clearly articulated values "
+"and principles, some essential tools for exploring your own business "
+"opportunities, and two dozen doses of pure inspiration."
+msgstr ""
+"Este no es un libro de negocios típico. Posiblemente decepcione a quien "
+"busque una receta o una hoja de ruta. Quienes buscan perseguir un fin "
+"social, construir algo grandioso mediante la colaboración, o unirse a una "
+"comunidad global poderosa y creciente, seguramente resultarán satisfechos. "
+"Hecho con Creative Commons ofrece un conjunto de valores y principios "
+"claramente articulados capaces de cambiar al mundo, algunas herramientas "
+"esenciales para explorar tus propias oportunidades de negocios, y dos "
+"docenas de dosis de inspiración pura."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
-msgid "In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and sometimes like.”"
-msgstr "En el artículo de revisión de Stanford Law de 1996, el fundador de CC, Lawrence Lessig, escribió: ”El ciberespacio es un lugar. Hay gente que vive ahí. Experimentan ahí todas las cosas que experimentan en el espacio real. Para algunos, incluso experimentan más. Y lo experimentan no como individuos aislados, jugando algún juego de computadora de alta tecnología: Lo experimentan grupalmente, en comunidades, entre extraños, entre gente que van conociendo, de quienes se van haciendo amigos.”"
+msgid ""
+"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
+"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
+"experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, "
+"there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated "
+"individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in "
+"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and "
+"sometimes like.”"
+msgstr ""
+"En el artículo de revisión de Stanford Law de 1996, el fundador de CC, "
+"Lawrence Lessig, escribió: ”El ciberespacio es un lugar. Hay gente que vive "
+"ahí. Experimentan ahí todas las cosas que experimentan en el espacio real. "
+"Para algunos, incluso experimentan más. Y lo experimentan no como individuos "
+"aislados, jugando algún juego de computadora de alta tecnología: Lo "
+"experimentan grupalmente, en comunidades, entre extraños, entre gente que "
+"van conociendo, de quienes se van haciendo amigos.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
-msgid "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”"
-msgstr "Estoy increíblemente orgulloso de que Creative Commons pueda publicar este libro para las muchas comunidades que hemos llegado a conocer y amar. Estoy agradecido con Paul y Sarah por su creatividad y conocimientos, y para las comunidades globales que nos han ayudado a traértelo. Como dice Jonathan Nightingale, miembro del consejo de CC, ”todo está hecho de gente.”"
+msgid ""
+"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
+"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
+"Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global "
+"communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member "
+"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Estoy increíblemente orgulloso de que Creative Commons pueda publicar este "
+"libro para las muchas comunidades que hemos llegado a conocer y amar. Estoy "
+"agradecido con Paul y Sarah por su creatividad y conocimientos, y para las "
+"comunidades globales que nos han ayudado a traértelo. Como dice Jonathan "
+"Nightingale, miembro del consejo de CC, ”todo está hecho de gente.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
-msgstr "Ese es el verdadero valor de las cosas que están Hechas con Creative Commons."
+msgstr ""
+"Ese es el verdadero valor de las cosas que están Hechas con Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:223
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-8\"></span>Introduction"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-8\"></span>Introducción"
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:226
-msgid "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a twist."
-msgstr "Este libro muestra al mundo cómo el compartir puede ser bueno para los negocios — Pero con un giro adicional."
+msgid ""
+"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
+"twist."
+msgstr ""
+"Este libro muestra al mundo cómo el compartir puede ser bueno para los "
+"negocios — Pero con un giro adicional."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
-msgid "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work using Creative Commons licenses. Our goal was not to identify a formula for business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and analyze their business model."
-msgstr ""
-"Comenzamos el proyecto con la intención de explorar cómo los creadores, organizaciones y negocios hacen dinero para sostener lo que tienen que hacer cuando comparten su trabajo empleando licencias Creative Commons. Nuestro objetivo no era identificar una fórmula para modelos de negocio que usaran Creative Commons, sino que recopilar ideas frescas y ejemplos dinámicos que detonaran modelos nuevos e innovadores, y ayudar a terceros a seguir su ejemplo, construyendo sobre lo que ya ha demostrado funcionar. Al inicio, enmarcamos nuestra investigación en términos comerciales familiares. Creamos un ”lienzo de modelo de negocios abiertos” en blanco, una herramienta interactiva en línea que ayudara a la gente para diseñar y analizar su "
+msgid ""
+"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
+"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
+"using Creative Commons licenses. Our goal was not to identify a formula for "
+"business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and "
+"dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow "
+"suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our "
+"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business "
+"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and "
+"analyze their business model."
+msgstr ""
+"Comenzamos el proyecto con la intención de explorar cómo los creadores, "
+"organizaciones y negocios hacen dinero para sostener lo que tienen que hacer "
+"cuando comparten su trabajo empleando licencias Creative Commons. Nuestro "
+"objetivo no era identificar una fórmula para modelos de negocio que usaran "
+"Creative Commons, sino que recopilar ideas frescas y ejemplos dinámicos que "
+"detonaran modelos nuevos e innovadores, y ayudar a terceros a seguir su "
+"ejemplo, construyendo sobre lo que ya ha demostrado funcionar. Al inicio, "
+"enmarcamos nuestra investigación en términos comerciales familiares. Creamos "
+"un ”lienzo de modelo de negocios abiertos” en blanco, una herramienta "
+"interactiva en línea que ayudara a la gente para diseñar y analizar su "
"modelo de negocios."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:243
-msgid "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
-msgstr "Gracias a la generosa contribución de nuestros patrocinadores del Kickstarter, iniciamos este proyecto identificando y seleccionando un grupo diverso de creadores, organizaciones y negocios que utilizan Creative Commons de forma integral — Lo que llamamos ser Hecho con Creative Commons. Los entrevistamos y escribimos sus historias.Analizamos lo que escuchamos y profundizamos en la literatura."
+msgid ""
+"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
+"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
+"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—"
+"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote "
+"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
+msgstr ""
+"Gracias a la generosa contribución de nuestros patrocinadores del "
+"Kickstarter, iniciamos este proyecto identificando y seleccionando un grupo "
+"diverso de creadores, organizaciones y negocios que utilizan Creative "
+"Commons de forma integral — Lo que llamamos ser Hecho con Creative Commons. "
+"Los entrevistamos y escribimos sus historias.Analizamos lo que escuchamos y "
+"profundizamos en la literatura."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
-msgid "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
-msgstr "Pero conforme avanzó la investigación, ocurrió algo interesante. Nuestra manera original de enmarcar el trabajo no cuadró con las historias que escuchábamos."
+msgid ""
+"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
+"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
+msgstr ""
+"Pero conforme avanzó la investigación, ocurrió algo interesante. Nuestra "
+"manera original de enmarcar el trabajo no cuadró con las historias que "
+"escuchábamos."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
-msgid "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing to make the world a better place, creating relationships and community around the works being shared, and generating revenue not for unlimited growth but to sustain the operation."
-msgstr "Aquellos a quienes entrevistábamos no eran los típicos negocios vendiendo a los consumidores y buscando maximizar sus ingresos y la rentabilidad. En vez de ello, estaban compartiendo para hacer del mundo un mejor lugar, creando relaciones y una comunidad alrededor de los trabajos que compartían, y generando ganancias no hacia un crecimiento ilimitado, sino que para sostener sus operaciones."
+msgid ""
+"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
+"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
+"to make the world a better place, creating relationships and community "
+"around the works being shared, and generating revenue not for unlimited "
+"growth but to sustain the operation."
+msgstr ""
+"Aquellos a quienes entrevistábamos no eran los típicos negocios vendiendo a "
+"los consumidores y buscando maximizar sus ingresos y la rentabilidad. En vez "
+"de ello, estaban compartiendo para hacer del mundo un mejor lugar, creando "
+"relaciones y una comunidad alrededor de los trabajos que compartían, y "
+"generando ganancias no hacia un crecimiento ilimitado, sino que para "
+"sostener sus operaciones."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:258
-msgid "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative Commons is not “business as usual.”"
-msgstr "Frecuentemente no les gustaba escuchar que se describiera lo que hacían como un modelo de negocios abierto. Su emprendimiento iba más allá que eso, era algo diferente. Algo que no únicamente genera valor económico, sino que también valor social y cultural. Algo que involucra la conexión humana. Ser Hecho con Creative Commons no es ”negocios como siempre.”"
+msgid ""
+"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
+"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
+"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural "
+"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative "
+"Commons is not “business as usual.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Frecuentemente no les gustaba escuchar que se describiera lo que hacían como "
+"un modelo de negocios abierto. Su emprendimiento iba más allá que eso, era "
+"algo diferente. Algo que no únicamente genera valor económico, sino que "
+"también valor social y cultural. Algo que involucra la conexión humana. Ser "
+"Hecho con Creative Commons no es ”negocios como siempre.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:266
-msgid "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in blog posts on Medium and with regular updates to our Kickstarter backers. We shared drafts of case studies and analysis with our Kickstarter cocreators, who provided invaluable edits, feedback, and advice. Our thinking changed dramatically over the course of a year and a half."
-msgstr "Tuvimos que repensar la concepción de este proyecto. No ocurrió de la noche a la mañana. Entre otoño de 2015 y 2016, documentamos nuestros pensamientos en publicaciones de blog en Medium y con actualizaciones de estado periódicas a nuestros patrocinadores de Kickstarter. Intercambiamos borradores de estudios de caso y análisis con nuestros co-creadores de Kickstarter, quienes nos ayudaron con invaluables ediciones, retroalimentación y consejos. Nuestra forma de cambiar cambió dramáticamente en el transcurso de un año y medio."
+msgid ""
+"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
+"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
+"blog posts on Medium and with regular updates to our Kickstarter backers. We "
+"shared drafts of case studies and analysis with our Kickstarter cocreators, "
+"who provided invaluable edits, feedback, and advice. Our thinking changed "
+"dramatically over the course of a year and a half."
+msgstr ""
+"Tuvimos que repensar la concepción de este proyecto. No ocurrió de la noche "
+"a la mañana. Entre otoño de 2015 y 2016, documentamos nuestros pensamientos "
+"en publicaciones de blog en Medium y con actualizaciones de estado "
+"periódicas a nuestros patrocinadores de Kickstarter. Intercambiamos "
+"borradores de estudios de caso y análisis con nuestros co-creadores de "
+"Kickstarter, quienes nos ayudaron con invaluables ediciones, "
+"retroalimentación y consejos. Nuestra forma de cambiar cambió dramáticamente "
+"en el transcurso de un año y medio."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:275
-msgid "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other has been one of the great joys of this work, and, we hope, something that has made the final product much richer than it ever could have been if either of us undertook this project alone. We have preserved our voices throughout, and you’ll be able to sense our different but complementary approaches as you read through our different sections."
-msgstr "A lo largo del proceso, nosotros dos hemos tenido muy diferentes maneras de comprender y describir lo que estábamos aprendiendo. Aprender el uno del otro ha sido uno de los grandes goces de este trabajo, y, esperamos, algo que convirtió al producto final en algo mucho más rico de lo que podría serlo si alguno de nosotros hubiera afrontado este proyecto en solitario. Preservamos nuestras voces a lo largo del camino, y vas a poder sentir nuestros enfoques diferentes pero complementarios según leas las diferentes secciones."
+msgid ""
+"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
+"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
+"has been one of the great joys of this work, and, we hope, something that "
+"has made the final product much richer than it ever could have been if "
+"either of us undertook this project alone. We have preserved our voices "
+"throughout, and you’ll be able to sense our different but complementary "
+"approaches as you read through our different sections."
+msgstr ""
+"A lo largo del proceso, nosotros dos hemos tenido muy diferentes maneras de "
+"comprender y describir lo que estábamos aprendiendo. Aprender el uno del "
+"otro ha sido uno de los grandes goces de este trabajo, y, esperamos, algo "
+"que convirtió al producto final en algo mucho más rico de lo que podría "
+"serlo si alguno de nosotros hubiera afrontado este proyecto en solitario. "
+"Preservamos nuestras voces a lo largo del camino, y vas a poder sentir "
+"nuestros enfoques diferentes pero complementarios según leas las diferentes "
+"secciones."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
-msgid "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
-msgstr "Si bien recomendamos que leas el libro de principio a fin, cada sección puede leerse más o menos independientemente. El libro está estructurado en dos partes principales."
+msgid ""
+"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
+"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
+msgstr ""
+"Si bien recomendamos que leas el libro de principio a fin, cada sección "
+"puede leerse más o menos independientemente. El libro está estructurado en "
+"dos partes principales."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:286
-msgid "Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital commons."
-msgstr "La parte uno, la imagen general, inicia con un marco conceptual de la gran escala escrito por Paul. Presenta un contexto histórico para el procomún digital, describiendo las tres maneras en que la sociedad ha administrado los recursos y compartido la riqueza — El procomún, el mercado y el estado. Sugiere pensar más allá de los términos de negocios y mercado, y elocuentemente defiende la importancia de compartir y enriquecer al procomún digital."
+msgid ""
+"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
+"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
+"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the "
+"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market "
+"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital "
+"commons."
+msgstr ""
+"La parte uno, la imagen general, inicia con un marco conceptual de la gran "
+"escala escrito por Paul. Presenta un contexto histórico para el procomún "
+"digital, describiendo las tres maneras en que la sociedad ha administrado "
+"los recursos y compartido la riqueza — El procomún, el mercado y el estado. "
+"Sugiere pensar más allá de los términos de negocios y mercado, y "
+"elocuentemente defiende la importancia de compartir y enriquecer al procomún "
+"digital."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
-msgid "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one piece of the pie, there is also a set of public-minded values and the kind of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
-msgstr "La imagen general continúa con el capítulo de Sarah, quien considera qué significa ser exitosamente Hecho con Creative Commons. Si bien hacer dinero es una parte del total, también está el conjunto de valores del interés público y el tipo de conexiones humanas que dan verdadero significado al compartir. Esta sección delinea las maneras en que los creadores, organizaciones y negocios que entrevistamos obtienen sus ingresos, cómo impulsan el interés público y viven según sus valores, y cómo impulsan conexiones con la gente con quienes comparten."
+msgid ""
+"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
+"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
+"piece of the pie, there is also a set of public-minded values and the kind "
+"of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section "
+"outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed "
+"bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their "
+"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
+msgstr ""
+"La imagen general continúa con el capítulo de Sarah, quien considera qué "
+"significa ser exitosamente Hecho con Creative Commons. Si bien hacer dinero "
+"es una parte del total, también está el conjunto de valores del interés "
+"público y el tipo de conexiones humanas que dan verdadero significado al "
+"compartir. Esta sección delinea las maneras en que los creadores, "
+"organizaciones y negocios que entrevistamos obtienen sus ingresos, cómo "
+"impulsan el interés público y viven según sus valores, y cómo impulsan "
+"conexiones con la gente con quienes comparten."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:301
-msgid "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more restrictive licenses—the ones that are closest to the all-rights-reserved model of traditional copyright—are the only ways to make money."
-msgstr "Y para terminar con la primera parte, tenemos una breve sección que explica las diferentes licencias Creative Commons. Hablamos acerca de la concepción errónea de que las licencias más restrictivas —aquellas que se acercan más al modelo de todos los derechos reservados del derecho de autor tradicional— son las únicas maneras de hacer dinero."
+msgid ""
+"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
+"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
+"restrictive licenses—the ones that are closest to the all-rights-reserved "
+"model of traditional copyright—are the only ways to make money."
+msgstr ""
+"Y para terminar con la primera parte, tenemos una breve sección que explica "
+"las diferentes licencias Creative Commons. Hablamos acerca de la concepción "
+"errónea de que las licencias más restrictivas —aquellas que se acercan más "
+"al modelo de todos los derechos reservados del derecho de autor tradicional— "
+"son las únicas maneras de hacer dinero."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:306
-msgid "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated in the interviews, we divided up the writing of these profiles."
-msgstr "La parte dos del libro consiste de las veinticuatro historias de los creadores, negocios y organizaciones a quienes entrevistamos. Si bien ambos participamos en las entrevistas, nos dividimos la escritura de estos perfiles."
+msgid ""
+"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
+"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
+"in the interviews, we divided up the writing of these profiles."
+msgstr ""
+"La parte dos del libro consiste de las veinticuatro historias de los "
+"creadores, negocios y organizaciones a quienes entrevistamos. Si bien ambos "
+"participamos en las entrevistas, nos dividimos la escritura de estos "
+"perfiles."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
-msgid "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, localize, and build upon this work."
-msgstr "Claro, nos complace hacer el presente libro disponible bajo un licenciamiento Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual. Por favor copia, distribuye, traduce, localiza y construye sobre de este trabajo."
+msgid ""
+"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
+"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
+"localize, and build upon this work."
+msgstr ""
+"Claro, nos complace hacer el presente libro disponible bajo un "
+"licenciamiento Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual. Por favor copia, "
+"distribuye, traduce, localiza y construye sobre de este trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
-msgid "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has irrevocably changed. We hope this book inspires you and your enterprise to use Creative Commons and in so doing contribute to the transformation of our economy and world for the better."
-msgstr "Escribir este libro nos ha transformado e inspirado. La forma en que ahora vemos y pensamos acerca de lo que significa ser Hecho con Creative Commons ha cambiado irrevocablemente. Esperamos que este libro inspire a ti y a tu empresa a utilizar Creative Commons y, al hacerlo, contribuya a transformar nuestra economía y al mundo para mejor."
+msgid ""
+"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
+"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
+"irrevocably changed. We hope this book inspires you and your enterprise to "
+"use Creative Commons and in so doing contribute to the transformation of our "
+"economy and world for the better."
+msgstr ""
+"Escribir este libro nos ha transformado e inspirado. La forma en que ahora "
+"vemos y pensamos acerca de lo que significa ser Hecho con Creative Commons "
+"ha cambiado irrevocablemente. Esperamos que este libro inspire a ti y a tu "
+"empresa a utilizar Creative Commons y, al hacerlo, contribuya a transformar "
+"nuestra economía y al mundo para mejor."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-9\"></span>Part 1"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-9\"></span>Parte 1"
+msgid "Part 1"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:322
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-10\"></span>The Big Picture"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-10\"></span>El panorama completo"
+msgid "The Big Picture"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:324
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-11\"></span>The New"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-11\"></span>El nuevo"
+msgid "The New"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-12\"></span>World of"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-12\"></span>mundo del"
+msgid "World of"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-13\"></span>Digital"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-13\"></span>procomún"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:330
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-14\"></span>Commons"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-14\"></span>digital"
+msgid "Digital"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:332
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:340
-msgid "Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
-msgstr "Jonathan Rowe de forma elocuente describe al procomún como «el aire y los océanos, la red de especies, la naturaleza salvaje y la corriente de agua—todas son partes del procomún. También lo son el idioma y el conocimiento, las aceras y las plazas públicas, las historias infantiles y los procesos democráticos. Algunas partes del procomún son regalos de la naturaleza, otras son producto del esfuerzo humano. Algunas son nuevas, como la Internet; otras son antiguas como la tierra y la caligrafía.»1"
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
+"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
+"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of "
+"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are "
+"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
+"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
+msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Rowe de forma elocuente describe al procomún como «el aire y los "
+"océanos, la red de especies, la naturaleza salvaje y la corriente de agua—"
+"todas son partes del procomún. También lo son el idioma y el conocimiento, "
+"las aceras y las plazas públicas, las historias infantiles y los procesos "
+"democráticos. Algunas partes del procomún son regalos de la naturaleza, "
+"otras son producto del esfuerzo humano. Algunas son nuevas, como la "
+"Internet; otras son antiguas como la tierra y la caligrafía.»1"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
-msgid "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad range of areas including cultural heritage, education, research, technology, art, design, literature, entertainment, business, and data. Human-produced works in all these areas are increasingly digital. The Internet is a kind of global, digital commons. The individuals, organizations, and businesses we profile in our case studies use Creative Commons to share their resources online over the Internet."
-msgstr "En Hecho con Creative Commons, nos enfocamos en nuestra era actual del procomún digital, un procomún de trabajos producidos por humanos. Este procomún atraviesa una amplia variedad de áreas, incluyendo patrimonio cultural, educación, investigación, tecnología, arte, diseño, literatura, entretenimiento, negocios y datos. Los trabajos producidos por humanos en todas estas áreas son cada vez más digitales. La Internet es un tipo global de procomún digital. Los individuos, organizaciones y negocios que perfilamos en nuestros casos de estudio usan Creative Commons para compartir sus recursos en línea a través de la Internet."
+msgid ""
+"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
+"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
+"range of areas including cultural heritage, education, research, technology, "
+"art, design, literature, entertainment, business, and data. Human-produced "
+"works in all these areas are increasingly digital. The Internet is a kind of "
+"global, digital commons. The individuals, organizations, and businesses we "
+"profile in our case studies use Creative Commons to share their resources "
+"online over the Internet."
+msgstr ""
+"En Hecho con Creative Commons, nos enfocamos en nuestra era actual del "
+"procomún digital, un procomún de trabajos producidos por humanos. Este "
+"procomún atraviesa una amplia variedad de áreas, incluyendo patrimonio "
+"cultural, educación, investigación, tecnología, arte, diseño, literatura, "
+"entretenimiento, negocios y datos. Los trabajos producidos por humanos en "
+"todas estas áreas son cada vez más digitales. La Internet es un tipo global "
+"de procomún digital. Los individuos, organizaciones y negocios que "
+"perfilamos en nuestros casos de estudio usan Creative Commons para compartir "
+"sus recursos en línea a través de la Internet."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:360
-msgid "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
-msgstr "Sin embargo, el procomún no es sólo acerca de recursos compartidos. También es acerca de las prácticas sociales y valores que los dirigen. Un recurso es un sustantivo, pero liberar—poner un recurso en el procomún—es un verbo.2 Las personas creadoras, organizaciones y negocios que perfilamos están todas comprometidas con comunalizar. Su uso de Creative Common les involucra en la práctica social de la liberación, gestionando recursos de una forma colectiva con una comunidad de usuarios.3 La liberación es guiada por un conjunto de valores y normas que balancean los costos y beneficios de la empresa con aquellos de la comunidad. Se le da especial atención al acceso equitativo, uso y sostenibilidad."
+msgid ""
+"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
+"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
+"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, "
+"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. "
+"Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of "
+"commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of "
+"users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the "
+"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special "
+"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
+msgstr ""
+"Sin embargo, el procomún no es sólo acerca de recursos compartidos. También "
+"es acerca de las prácticas sociales y valores que los dirigen. Un recurso es "
+"un sustantivo, pero liberar—poner un recurso en el procomún—es un verbo.2 "
+"Las personas creadoras, organizaciones y negocios que perfilamos están todas "
+"comprometidas con comunalizar. Su uso de Creative Common les involucra en la "
+"práctica social de la liberación, gestionando recursos de una forma "
+"colectiva con una comunidad de usuarios.3 La liberación es guiada por un "
+"conjunto de valores y normas que balancean los costos y beneficios de la "
+"empresa con aquellos de la comunidad. Se le da especial atención al acceso "
+"equitativo, uso y sostenibilidad."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-15\"></span>The Commons, the Market, and the State"
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-15\"></span>El procomún, el mercado y el Estado"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:367
-msgid "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms today.4"
-msgstr "Históricamente, han habido tres formas de gestionar recursos y compartir riquezas: el procomún (gestionado de forma colectiva), el Estado (i.e., el gobierno) y el mercado—con los dos últimos siendo hoy las formas dominantes.4"
+msgid ""
+"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
+"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
+"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms "
+"today.4"
+msgstr ""
+"Históricamente, han habido tres formas de gestionar recursos y compartir "
+"riquezas: el procomún (gestionado de forma colectiva), el Estado (i.e., el "
+"gobierno) y el mercado—con los dos últimos siendo hoy las formas dominantes.4"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375
-msgid "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state.5 Others are very much a part of the market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the market or state."
-msgstr "Las organizaciones y los negocios en nuestros casos de estudio son únicas en la forma en que participan en el procomún, mientras se siguen involucrando con el mercado y/o el Estado. El grado de involucramiento con el mercado o Estado varía. Algunas operan ante todo como procomún con mínima o ninguna dependencia del mercado o Estado.5 Otras son parte del mercado o Estado, y dependen de estos para su sotenibilidad financiera. Todas operan como híbridos, mezclando las normas del procomún con las del mercado o Estado."
+msgid ""
+"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
+"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
+"state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate "
+"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state.5 "
+"Others are very much a part of the market or state, depending on them for "
+"financial sustainability. All operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the "
+"commons with those of the market or state."
+msgstr ""
+"Las organizaciones y los negocios en nuestros casos de estudio son únicas en "
+"la forma en que participan en el procomún, mientras se siguen involucrando "
+"con el mercado y/o el Estado. El grado de involucramiento con el mercado o "
+"Estado varía. Algunas operan ante todo como procomún con mínima o ninguna "
+"dependencia del mercado o Estado.5 Otras son parte del mercado o Estado, y "
+"dependen de estos para su sotenibilidad financiera. Todas operan como "
+"híbridos, mezclando las normas del procomún con las del mercado o Estado."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:378
-msgid "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, and market."
-msgstr "Fig 1. es una representación de cómo una empresa puede tener niveles variables de involucramiento con el procomún, el Estado y el mercado."
+msgid ""
+"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
+"engagement with commons, state, and market."
+msgstr ""
+"Fig 1. es una representación de cómo una empresa puede tener niveles "
+"variables de involucramiento con el procomún, el Estado y el mercado."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
-msgid "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies would show the state sphere as tiny or even absent. Other case studies are primarily market-based with only a small engagement with the commons. A depiction of those case studies would show the market sphere as large and the commons sphere as small. The extent to which an enterprise sees itself as being primarily of one type or another affects the balance of norms by which they operate."
-msgstr "Algunos de nuestros casos de estudio son simplemente procomunes y empresas de mercado con poco o ningún involucramiento con el Estado. Una representación de estos casos de estudio mostraría una esfera del Estado pequeña o incluso ausente. Otros casos de estudio se basan ante todo en el mercado, con sólo un pequeño involucramiento con el procomún. Una representación de estos casos de estudio mostraría una gran esfera del mercado y una pequeña esfera del procomún. El grado en el cuál una empresa se ve a sí misma como principalmente de un tipo o de otro afecta el balance de normas bajo las cuales operan."
+msgid ""
+"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
+"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
+"would show the state sphere as tiny or even absent. Other case studies are "
+"primarily market-based with only a small engagement with the commons. A "
+"depiction of those case studies would show the market sphere as large and "
+"the commons sphere as small. The extent to which an enterprise sees itself "
+"as being primarily of one type or another affects the balance of norms by "
+"which they operate."
+msgstr ""
+"Algunos de nuestros casos de estudio son simplemente procomunes y empresas "
+"de mercado con poco o ningún involucramiento con el Estado. Una "
+"representación de estos casos de estudio mostraría una esfera del Estado "
+"pequeña o incluso ausente. Otros casos de estudio se basan ante todo en el "
+"mercado, con sólo un pequeño involucramiento con el procomún. Una "
+"representación de estos casos de estudio mostraría una gran esfera del "
+"mercado y una pequeña esfera del procomún. El grado en el cuál una empresa "
+"se ve a sí misma como principalmente de un tipo o de otro afecta el balance "
+"de normas bajo las cuales operan."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:395
-msgid "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate revenue while holding true to the core values of the commons (usually expressed in mission statements) is challenging. To manage interaction and engagement between the commons and the market requires a deft touch, a strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both."
-msgstr "Todos nuestros casos de estudio generan dinero como medio de subsistencia o sostenibilidad. El dinero es, ante todo, del mercado. Encontrar formas de generar ingresos manteniéndose fiel a los valores fundamentales del procomún (por lo general expresados en declaraciones de la misión) es un reto. Gestionar la interacción y el involucramiento entre el procomún y el mercado requiere un toque ágil, un fuerte sentido de valores y la habilidad de mezclar lo mejor de ambos."
+msgid ""
+"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
+"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
+"revenue while holding true to the core values of the commons (usually "
+"expressed in mission statements) is challenging. To manage interaction and "
+"engagement between the commons and the market requires a deft touch, a "
+"strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both."
+msgstr ""
+"Todos nuestros casos de estudio generan dinero como medio de subsistencia o "
+"sostenibilidad. El dinero es, ante todo, del mercado. Encontrar formas de "
+"generar ingresos manteniéndose fiel a los valores fundamentales del procomún "
+"(por lo general expresados en declaraciones de la misión) es un reto. "
+"Gestionar la interacción y el involucramiento entre el procomún y el mercado "
+"requiere un toque ágil, un fuerte sentido de valores y la habilidad de "
+"mezclar lo mejor de ambos."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
-msgid "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and build the commons. Beyond money, laws and regulations regarding property, copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons."
-msgstr "El Estado juega un rol importante en promover el uso y la adopción del procomún. Los programas y financiamiento del Estado pueden contribuir y construir el procomún de forma deliberada. Más allá del dinero, leyes y regulaciones con respecto a propiedad, derechos de autor, negocios y finanzas pueden ser designadas para promover el procomún."
+msgid ""
+"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
+"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
+"build the commons. Beyond money, laws and regulations regarding property, "
+"copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons."
+msgstr ""
+"El Estado juega un rol importante en promover el uso y la adopción del "
+"procomún. Los programas y financiamiento del Estado pueden contribuir y "
+"construir el procomún de forma deliberada. Más allá del dinero, leyes y "
+"regulaciones con respecto a propiedad, derechos de autor, negocios y "
+"finanzas pueden ser designadas para promover el procomún."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
-msgid "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves primarily as a commons. For businesses or governmental organizations who want to engage in and use the commons, knowing how the commons operates will help them understand how best to do so. Participating in and using the commons the same way you do the market or state is not a strategy for success."
-msgstr "Es útil entender cómo el procomún, el mercado y el Estado gestionan los recursos de forma diferente, y no solo prara aquellos que se consideran ante todo como un procomún. Para negocios u organizaciones gubernamentales que quiere involucrarse y usar el procomún, saber cómo el procomún opera les ayudará a entender la mejor forma para hacerlo. Participar en el uso del procomún en la misma forma en la que lo harían en el mercado o Estado no es una estrategia para el éxito."
+msgid ""
+"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
+"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
+"primarily as a commons. For businesses or governmental organizations who "
+"want to engage in and use the commons, knowing how the commons operates will "
+"help them understand how best to do so. Participating in and using the "
+"commons the same way you do the market or state is not a strategy for "
+"success."
+msgstr ""
+"Es útil entender cómo el procomún, el mercado y el Estado gestionan los "
+"recursos de forma diferente, y no solo prara aquellos que se consideran ante "
+"todo como un procomún. Para negocios u organizaciones gubernamentales que "
+"quiere involucrarse y usar el procomún, saber cómo el procomún opera les "
+"ayudará a entender la mejor forma para hacerlo. Participar en el uso del "
+"procomún en la misma forma en la que lo harían en el mercado o Estado no es "
+"una estrategia para el éxito."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:411
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-16\"></span>The Four Aspects of a Resource"
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-16\"></span>Los cuatro aspectos de un recurso"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
-msgid "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework considered things like the biophysical characteristics of common resources, the community’s actors and the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and outcomes. That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the commons, the market, and the state for this chapter."
-msgstr "Como parte de su trabajo ganador del Premio Nobel, Elinor Ostrom desarrolló un marco conceptual para analizar cómo los recursos naturales se gestionan en un procomún.6 Su marco conceptual considera cosas como las características biofísicas de recursos communes, los actores de la comunidad y las interacciones que tienen lugar entre estas, reglas en uso y resultados. El marco conceptual ha sido simplificado y generalizado para aplicar al procomún, el mercado y el Estado para este capítulo."
+msgid ""
+"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
+"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
+"considered things like the biophysical characteristics of common resources, "
+"the community’s actors and the interactions that take place between them, "
+"rules-in-use, and outcomes. That framework has been simplified and "
+"generalized to apply to the commons, the market, and the state for this "
+"chapter."
+msgstr ""
+"Como parte de su trabajo ganador del Premio Nobel, Elinor Ostrom desarrolló "
+"un marco conceptual para analizar cómo los recursos naturales se gestionan "
+"en un procomún.6 Su marco conceptual considera cosas como las "
+"características biofísicas de recursos communes, los actores de la comunidad "
+"y las interacciones que tienen lugar entre estas, reglas en uso y "
+"resultados. El marco conceptual ha sido simplificado y generalizado para "
+"aplicar al procomún, el mercado y el Estado para este capítulo."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
-msgid "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)."
-msgstr "Para comparar y contrastar las formas en las que el procomún, el mercado y el Estado trabaja, consideremos cuatro aspectos de la gestión de recursos: características del recruso, las personas involucradas y el proceso que usan, las normas y reglas que desarrollan para gobernar el uso, y finalmente el uso real del recurso junto con los resultados de ese uso (ver Fig. 2)."
+msgid ""
+"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
+"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
+"characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and "
+"rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with "
+"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)."
+msgstr ""
+"Para comparar y contrastar las formas en las que el procomún, el mercado y "
+"el Estado trabaja, consideremos cuatro aspectos de la gestión de recursos: "
+"características del recruso, las personas involucradas y el proceso que "
+"usan, las normas y reglas que desarrollan para gobernar el uso, y finalmente "
+"el uso real del recurso junto con los resultados de ese uso (ver Fig. 2)."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-17\"></span>Characteristics"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-17\"></span>Características"
+msgid "Characteristics"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:432
-msgid "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
-msgstr "Los recursos tienen características particulares o atributos que afectan la forma en que pueden ser usados. Algunos recursos son naturales; otros son producidos por humanos. Y—de forma significativa para el procomún de hoy—los recursos pueden ser físicos o digitales, lo que afecta el potencial inherente del recuros."
+msgid ""
+"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
+"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
+"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, "
+"which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
+msgstr ""
+"Los recursos tienen características particulares o atributos que afectan la "
+"forma en que pueden ser usados. Algunos recursos son naturales; otros son "
+"producidos por humanos. Y—de forma significativa para el procomún de hoy—los "
+"recursos pueden ser físicos o digitales, lo que afecta el potencial "
+"inherente del recuros."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
-msgid "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and used, the supply becomes scarce or depleted. Scarcity can result in competing rivalry for the resource. Made with Creative Commons enterprises are usually digitally based but some of our case studies also produce resources in physical form. The costs of producing and distributing a physical good usually require them to engage with the market."
-msgstr "Los recursos físicos existen en un suministro limitado. Si yo tengo un recurso físico y se lo doy a usted, yo ya no lo tengo más. Cuando un recurso se retira y se usa, el suministro se vuelve escaso o agotado. La escasez puede resultar en una rivalidad competitiva por el recurso. Las empresas hechas con Creative Commons por lo general se basan en lo digital, pero algunos de nuestros casos de estudio también producen recursos en forma física. Los costos de producir y distribuir un bien físico por lo general requieren que se involucren con el mercado."
+msgid ""
+"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
+"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
+"used, the supply becomes scarce or depleted. Scarcity can result in "
+"competing rivalry for the resource. Made with Creative Commons enterprises "
+"are usually digitally based but some of our case studies also produce "
+"resources in physical form. The costs of producing and distributing a "
+"physical good usually require them to engage with the market."
+msgstr ""
+"Los recursos físicos existen en un suministro limitado. Si yo tengo un "
+"recurso físico y se lo doy a usted, yo ya no lo tengo más. Cuando un recurso "
+"se retira y se usa, el suministro se vuelve escaso o agotado. La escasez "
+"puede resultar en una rivalidad competitiva por el recurso. Las empresas "
+"hechas con Creative Commons por lo general se basan en lo digital, pero "
+"algunos de nuestros casos de estudio también producen recursos en forma "
+"física. Los costos de producir y distribuir un bien físico por lo general "
+"requieren que se involucren con el mercado."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
-msgid "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous. If I share a digital resource with you, we both have the resource. Giving it to you does not mean I no longer have it. Digital resources can be infinitely stored, copied, and distributed without becoming depleted, and at close to zero cost. Abundance rather than scarcity is an inherent characteristic of digital resources."
-msgstr "Los recursos físicos son agotables, exclusivos y tienden a la rivalidad. Los recursos digitales, por otra parte, no son agotables, exclusivos ni tienden a la rivalidad. Si yo comparto un recurso digital con usted, ambos tenemos el recurso. Dárselo a usted no significa que yo ya no lo tengo más. Los recursos digitales pueden ser almacenados, copiados y distribuidos de forma infinita sin agotarse, y a un costo cercano a cero. La abundancia, en lugar de la escasez, es una característica inherente de los recursos digitales."
+msgid ""
+"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
+"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
+"nonrivalrous. If I share a digital resource with you, we both have the "
+"resource. Giving it to you does not mean I no longer have it. Digital "
+"resources can be infinitely stored, copied, and distributed without becoming "
+"depleted, and at close to zero cost. Abundance rather than scarcity is an "
+"inherent characteristic of digital resources."
+msgstr ""
+"Los recursos físicos son agotables, exclusivos y tienden a la rivalidad. Los "
+"recursos digitales, por otra parte, no son agotables, exclusivos ni tienden "
+"a la rivalidad. Si yo comparto un recurso digital con usted, ambos tenemos "
+"el recurso. Dárselo a usted no significa que yo ya no lo tengo más. Los "
+"recursos digitales pueden ser almacenados, copiados y distribuidos de forma "
+"infinita sin agotarse, y a un costo cercano a cero. La abundancia, en lugar "
+"de la escasez, es una característica inherente de los recursos digitales."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:456
-msgid "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
-msgstr "La naturaleza no agotable, sin exclusividad y que no tiende a la rivalidad de los recursos digitales significa que las reglas y normas para gestionarlos pueden (y deben) ser diferentes de cómo los recursos físicos se gestionan. Sin embargo, este no es siempre el caso. Los recursos digitales con frecuencia se hacen escasos de forma artificial. Poner recursos digitales en el procomún los hace libres y abundantes."
+msgid ""
+"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
+"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
+"different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not "
+"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
+"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
+msgstr ""
+"La naturaleza no agotable, sin exclusividad y que no tiende a la rivalidad "
+"de los recursos digitales significa que las reglas y normas para "
+"gestionarlos pueden (y deben) ser diferentes de cómo los recursos físicos "
+"se gestionan. Sin embargo, este no es siempre el caso. Los recursos "
+"digitales con frecuencia se hacen escasos de forma artificial. Poner "
+"recursos digitales en el procomún los hace libres y abundantes."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
-msgid "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The digital file of a book can be printed on paper and made into a physical book. A computer-rendered design for furniture can be physically manufactured in wood. This conversion from digital to physical invariably has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, but money is charged to convert a digital resource into a physical one."
-msgstr "Nuestros casos de estudio con frecuencia gestionan recursos híbridos, que empiezan como digitales con la posibilidad de convertirse en recursos físicos. El archivo digital de un libro puede imprimirse en papel y convertirse en un libro físico. Un diseño generado por computadora puede ser fabricado físicamente en madera. Esta conversión de digital a físico tiene costos, invariablemente. Con frecuencia, los recursos digitales son gestionados de forma gratuita y abierta, pero se cobra dinero por convertir un recurso digital en uno físico."
+msgid ""
+"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
+"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
+"digital file of a book can be printed on paper and made into a physical "
+"book. A computer-rendered design for furniture can be physically "
+"manufactured in wood. This conversion from digital to physical invariably "
+"has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, "
+"but money is charged to convert a digital resource into a physical one."
+msgstr ""
+"Nuestros casos de estudio con frecuencia gestionan recursos híbridos, que "
+"empiezan como digitales con la posibilidad de convertirse en recursos "
+"físicos. El archivo digital de un libro puede imprimirse en papel y "
+"convertirse en un libro físico. Un diseño generado por computadora puede ser "
+"fabricado físicamente en madera. Esta conversión de digital a físico tiene "
+"costos, invariablemente. Con frecuencia, los recursos digitales son "
+"gestionados de forma gratuita y abierta, pero se cobra dinero por convertir "
+"un recurso digital en uno físico."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473
-msgid "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations."
-msgstr "Mas allá de esta idea de físico contra digital, el procomún, el mercado y el Estado conciben a los recursos de forma diferente (ver Fig. 3). El mercado ve a los recursos como bienes privados—mercancías para la venta—a partir de los cuales se extrae valor. El Estado ve a los recursos como bienes públicos que brindan valor a los ciudadanos. El procomún ve a los recursos como bienes comunes, que brindan riqueza común, extendiéndose más allá de las fronteras del Estado para ser pasadas a futuras generaciones en una forma sin disminuciones o mejorada."
+msgid ""
+"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
+"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
+"private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The state "
+"sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. The "
+"commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth extending "
+"beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to "
+"future generations."
+msgstr ""
+"Mas allá de esta idea de físico contra digital, el procomún, el mercado y el "
+"Estado conciben a los recursos de forma diferente (ver Fig. 3). El mercado "
+"ve a los recursos como bienes privados—mercancías para la venta—a partir de "
+"los cuales se extrae valor. El Estado ve a los recursos como bienes públicos "
+"que brindan valor a los ciudadanos. El procomún ve a los recursos como "
+"bienes comunes, que brindan riqueza común, extendiéndose más allá de las "
+"fronteras del Estado para ser pasadas a futuras generaciones en una forma "
+"sin disminuciones o mejorada."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-18\"></span>People and processes"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-18\"></span>Personas y procesos"
+msgid "People and processes"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
-msgid "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say and how a resource is managed."
-msgstr "En el procomún, el mercado y el Estado, diferentes personas y procesos se usan para gestionar recursos. Los procesos usados definen quienes tienes tienen voz, así como la forma en que un recurso se gestiona."
+msgid ""
+"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
+"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
+"and how a resource is managed."
+msgstr ""
+"En el procomún, el mercado y el Estado, diferentes personas y procesos se "
+"usan para gestionar recursos. Los procesos usados definen quienes tienes "
+"tienen voz, así como la forma en que un recurso se gestiona."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
-msgid "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those resources are not directly involved; instead, that responsibility is given over to the government. State ministries and departments staffed with public servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based on government priorities and procedures."
-msgstr "En el Estado, un gobierno de oficiales elegidos es responsable de gestionar recursos en nombre del público. Los ciudadanos que producen y usan esos recursos no están directamente involucrados. En lugar de esto, se entrega al gobierno. Ministerios y departamentos de Estado, con servidores públicos como empleados, establecen presupuestos, implementan programas y gestionan recursos con base en prioridades y procedimientos del gobierno."
+msgid ""
+"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
+"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
+"resources are not directly involved; instead, that responsibility is given "
+"over to the government. State ministries and departments staffed with public "
+"servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based on "
+"government priorities and procedures."
+msgstr ""
+"En el Estado, un gobierno de oficiales elegidos es responsable de gestionar "
+"recursos en nombre del público. Los ciudadanos que producen y usan esos "
+"recursos no están directamente involucrados. En lugar de esto, se entrega al "
+"gobierno. Ministerios y departamentos de Estado, con servidores públicos "
+"como empleados, establecen presupuestos, implementan programas y gestionan "
+"recursos con base en prioridades y procedimientos del gobierno."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:494
-msgid "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce resources and those who consume or use them. Market processes seek to extract as much monetary value from resources as possible. In the market, resources are managed as commodities, frequently mass-produced, and sold to consumers on the basis of a cash transaction."
-msgstr "En el mercado, las personas involucradas son productoras, compradoras, vendedoras y consumidoras. Los negocios actúan como intermediarios entre aquellas que producen recursos y aquellas que los consumen o usan. Los procesos de mercado buscan extraer de los recursos tanto valor monetario como es posible. En el mercado, los recursos se gestionan como mercancías, con frecuencia producidas en masa, y vendidas a consumidores sobre la base de una transacción de efectivo."
+msgid ""
+"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
+"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
+"resources and those who consume or use them. Market processes seek to "
+"extract as much monetary value from resources as possible. In the market, "
+"resources are managed as commodities, frequently mass-produced, and sold to "
+"consumers on the basis of a cash transaction."
+msgstr ""
+"En el mercado, las personas involucradas son productoras, compradoras, "
+"vendedoras y consumidoras. Los negocios actúan como intermediarios entre "
+"aquellas que producen recursos y aquellas que los consumen o usan. Los "
+"procesos de mercado buscan extraer de los recursos tanto valor monetario "
+"como es posible. En el mercado, los recursos se gestionan como mercancías, "
+"con frecuencia producidas en masa, y vendidas a consumidores sobre la base "
+"de una transacción de efectivo."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:508
msgid ""
-"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can put them in the commons by personal choice. No permission from state or market is required. Anyone can participate in the commons and determine for themselves the extent to which they want to be involved—as a contributor, user, or manager. The people involved include not only those who create and use resources but those affected by outcome of use. Who you are affects your say, actions you can take, and extent of decision making. In the commons, the community as a whole manages the resources. Resources put into the commons using Creative Commons require users to give the original "
-"creator credit. Knowing the person behind a resource makes the commons less anonymous and more personal."
-msgstr ""
-"En contraste con el Estado y el mercado, los recursos en un procomún son gestionados de forma más directa por las personas involucradas.7 Creadores de recursos producidos por humanos pueden ponerlos en el procomún por escogencia personal. No se requiere permiso del Estado o el mercado. Cualquier persona puede participar en el procomún y determinar por sí misma el alcance al cual quiere estar involucrada—como contribuyente, usuario o administrador. Las personas involucradas no incluyen solo a aquellas que crean y usan recursos, sino también a aquellas afectadas por el resultado de su uso. Quién se es afecta su opinión, acciones que puede tomar, y el alcance de la toma de decisiones. En el procomún, la comunidad como un todo "
-"gestiona los recursos. Los recursos puestos en el procomún usando Creative Commons requieren que los usuarios den crédito al creador original. Conocer a la persona detrás del recurso vuelve al procomún menos anónimo y más personal."
+"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
+"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
+"put them in the commons by personal choice. No permission from state or "
+"market is required. Anyone can participate in the commons and determine for "
+"themselves the extent to which they want to be involved—as a contributor, "
+"user, or manager. The people involved include not only those who create and "
+"use resources but those affected by outcome of use. Who you are affects your "
+"say, actions you can take, and extent of decision making. In the commons, "
+"the community as a whole manages the resources. Resources put into the "
+"commons using Creative Commons require users to give the original creator "
+"credit. Knowing the person behind a resource makes the commons less "
+"anonymous and more personal."
+msgstr ""
+"En contraste con el Estado y el mercado, los recursos en un procomún son "
+"gestionados de forma más directa por las personas involucradas.7 Creadores "
+"de recursos producidos por humanos pueden ponerlos en el procomún por "
+"escogencia personal. No se requiere permiso del Estado o el mercado. "
+"Cualquier persona puede participar en el procomún y determinar por sí misma "
+"el alcance al cual quiere estar involucrada—como contribuyente, usuario o "
+"administrador. Las personas involucradas no incluyen solo a aquellas que "
+"crean y usan recursos, sino también a aquellas afectadas por el resultado "
+"de su uso. Quién se es afecta su opinión, acciones que puede tomar, y el "
+"alcance de la toma de decisiones. En el procomún, la comunidad como un todo "
+"gestiona los recursos. Los recursos puestos en el procomún usando Creative "
+"Commons requieren que los usuarios den crédito al creador original. Conocer "
+"a la persona detrás del recurso vuelve al procomún menos anónimo y más "
+"personal."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-19\"></span>Norms and rules"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-19\"></span>Normas y reglas"
+msgid "Norms and rules"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:515
-msgid "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules define permissions, allocate entitlements, and resolve disputes."
-msgstr "Las interacciones sociales entre personas, y los procesos usados por el Estado, el mercado y el procomún, evolucionan normas sociales y reglas. Estas normas y reglas definen permisos, asignan derechos y resuelven disputas."
+msgid ""
+"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
+"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
+"define permissions, allocate entitlements, and resolve disputes."
+msgstr ""
+"Las interacciones sociales entre personas, y los procesos usados por el "
+"Estado, el mercado y el procomún, evolucionan normas sociales y reglas. "
+"Estas normas y reglas definen permisos, asignan derechos y resuelven "
+"disputas."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
-msgid "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and parliamentary procedures. State rules are expressed through policies, regulations, and laws. The state influences the norms and rules of the market and commons through the rules it passes."
-msgstr "La autoridad del Estado está gobernada por las constituciones nacionales. Las normas relacionadas con las prioridades y la toma de decisiones son definidas por oficiales elegidos y procesos parlamentarios. Las reglas de Estado se expresan a través de políticas, regulaciones y leyes. El Estado influencia las normas y reglas del mercado y el procomún a través de las reglas que pasa."
+msgid ""
+"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
+"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
+"parliamentary procedures. State rules are expressed through policies, "
+"regulations, and laws. The state influences the norms and rules of the "
+"market and commons through the rules it passes."
+msgstr ""
+"La autoridad del Estado está gobernada por las constituciones nacionales. "
+"Las normas relacionadas con las prioridades y la toma de decisiones son "
+"definidas por oficiales elegidos y procesos parlamentarios. Las reglas de "
+"Estado se expresan a través de políticas, regulaciones y leyes. El Estado "
+"influencia las normas y reglas del mercado y el procomún a través de las "
+"reglas que pasa."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:525
-msgid "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws defined by the state."
-msgstr "Las normas de mercado son influenciadas por economías y competición por recursos escasos. Las reglas del mercado siguen a la propiedad, negocios y leyes financieras definidas por el Estado."
+msgid ""
+"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
+"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
+"defined by the state."
+msgstr ""
+"Las normas de mercado son influenciadas por economías y competición por "
+"recursos escasos. Las reglas del mercado siguen a la propiedad, negocios y "
+"leyes financieras definidas por el Estado."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:532
-msgid "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9"
-msgstr "Como con el mercado, el procomún puede ser influenciado por políticas de Estado, regulaciones y leyes. Pero las normas y reglas de un procomún son en gran parte definidas por la comunidad. Ellas ponderan costos y beneficios individuales contra los costos y beneficios de la comunidad entera. No solo se le da consideración a la eficiencia económica sino que también a la equidad y sostenibilidad.9"
+msgid ""
+"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
+"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
+"defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against "
+"the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not "
+"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9"
+msgstr ""
+"Como con el mercado, el procomún puede ser influenciado por políticas de "
+"Estado, regulaciones y leyes. Pero las normas y reglas de un procomún son en "
+"gran parte definidas por la comunidad. Ellas ponderan costos y beneficios "
+"individuales contra los costos y beneficios de la comunidad entera. No solo "
+"se le da consideración a la eficiencia económica sino que también a la "
+"equidad y sostenibilidad.9"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-20\"></span>Goals"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-20\"></span>Objetivos"
+msgid "Goals"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:539
-msgid "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape how resources are used. Use is also influenced by the different goals the state, market, and commons have."
-msgstr "La combinación de los aspectos que hemos discutido hasta ahora—las características inherentes de los recursos, personas y procesos, y normas y reglas—modelan cómo los recursos son usados. El uso también está influenciado por los diferentes objetivos que tiene el Estado, el mercado y el procomún."
+msgid ""
+"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
+"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
+"how resources are used. Use is also influenced by the different goals the "
+"state, market, and commons have."
+msgstr ""
+"La combinación de los aspectos que hemos discutido hasta ahora—las "
+"características inherentes de los recursos, personas y procesos, y normas y "
+"reglas—modelan cómo los recursos son usados. El uso también está "
+"influenciado por los diferentes objetivos que tiene el Estado, el mercado y "
+"el procomún."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:546
-msgid "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility they provide. The goal then becomes maximizing total monetary value in the economy.10 Units consumed translates to sales, revenue, profit, and growth, and these are all ways to measure goals of the market."
-msgstr "En el mercado, en enfoque es en maximizar la utilidad de un recurso. Lo que pagamos por los bienes que consumimos se ve como un objetivo medible de la utilidad que brinda. El objetivo entonces se vuelve maximizar el valor monetario total en la economía.10 Unidades consumidas se traducen en ventas, ingresos, ganancia y crecimiento, y estas todas son formas de medir los objetivos del mercado."
+msgid ""
+"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
+"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
+"utility they provide. The goal then becomes maximizing total monetary value "
+"in the economy.10 Units consumed translates to sales, revenue, profit, and "
+"growth, and these are all ways to measure goals of the market."
+msgstr ""
+"En el mercado, en enfoque es en maximizar la utilidad de un recurso. Lo que "
+"pagamos por los bienes que consumimos se ve como un objetivo medible de la "
+"utilidad que brinda. El objetivo entonces se vuelve maximizar el valor "
+"monetario total en la economía.10 Unidades consumidas se traducen en ventas, "
+"ingresos, ganancia y crecimiento, y estas todas son formas de medir los "
+"objetivos del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:553
-msgid "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, education, jobs, the environment, transportation, security, heritage, and justice are all facets of a healthy society, and the state applies its resources toward these aims. State goals are reflected in quality of life measures."
-msgstr "El Estado tiene como propósito usar recursos en una forma que balancee la economía con las necesidades sociales y culturales de sus ciudadanos. Cuidado de la salud, educación, trabajos, ambiente, transporte, seguridad, herencia y justicia son todas facetas de una sociedad saludable, y el Estado aplica sus recursos hacia estos propósitos. Los objetivos del Estado se reflejan en mediciones de calidad de vida."
+msgid ""
+"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
+"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
+"education, jobs, the environment, transportation, security, heritage, and "
+"justice are all facets of a healthy society, and the state applies its "
+"resources toward these aims. State goals are reflected in quality of life "
+"measures."
+msgstr ""
+"El Estado tiene como propósito usar recursos en una forma que balancee la "
+"economía con las necesidades sociales y culturales de sus ciudadanos. "
+"Cuidado de la salud, educación, trabajos, ambiente, transporte, seguridad, "
+"herencia y justicia son todas facetas de una sociedad saludable, y el Estado "
+"aplica sus recursos hacia estos propósitos. Los objetivos del Estado se "
+"reflejan en mediciones de calidad de vida."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
-msgid "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by looking at how many people access and use a resource; how users are distributed across gender, income, and location; if a community to extend and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being used in innovative ways for personal and social good."
-msgstr "En el procomún, el objetivo es maximizar acceso, equidad, distribución, participación, innovación y sostenibilidad. Usted puede medir el éxito viendo cuántas personas accesan y usan un recurso; cómo es la distribución de usuarios a través de género, ingresos, y ubicación; si una comunidad se está formando para extender y mejorar los recursos; y si los recursos están siendo usados de formas innovadoras para beneficio personal y social."
+msgid ""
+"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
+"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
+"looking at how many people access and use a resource; how users are "
+"distributed across gender, income, and location; if a community to extend "
+"and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being "
+"used in innovative ways for personal and social good."
+msgstr ""
+"En el procomún, el objetivo es maximizar acceso, equidad, distribución, "
+"participación, innovación y sostenibilidad. Usted puede medir el éxito "
+"viendo cuántas personas accesan y usan un recurso; cómo es la distribución "
+"de usuarios a través de género, ingresos, y ubicación; si una comunidad se "
+"está formando para extender y mejorar los recursos; y si los recursos están "
+"siendo usados de formas innovadoras para beneficio personal y social."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:565
-msgid "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their ability to strategically utilize and balance these different aspects of managing resources."
-msgstr "Como combinaciones híbridas del procomún con el mercado o Estado, el éxito y sostenibilidad de todas las empresas de nuestros casos de estudio dependen de su capacidad para utilizar y balancear de forma estratégica estos diferentes aspectos de la gestión de recursos."
+msgid ""
+"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
+"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
+"ability to strategically utilize and balance these different aspects of "
+"managing resources."
+msgstr ""
+"Como combinaciones híbridas del procomún con el mercado o Estado, el éxito y "
+"sostenibilidad de todas las empresas de nuestros casos de estudio dependen "
+"de su capacidad para utilizar y balancear de forma estratégica estos "
+"diferentes aspectos de la gestión de recursos."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-21\"></span>A Short History of the Commons"
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-21\"></span>Una corta historia del procomún"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:574
-msgid "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state dominate the discourse on how resources are best managed. Rarely is the commons even considered as an option. The commons has largely disappeared from consciousness and consideration. There are no news reports or speeches about the commons."
-msgstr "Usar al procomún para gestionar recursos es parte de una larga continuidad histórica. Sin embargo, en la sociedad contemporánea, el mercado y el Estado dominan el discurso de cómo los recursos se gestionan de la mejor forma. Es raro que el procomún tan siquiera se considere como una opción. El procomún ha desaparecido conciencia y consideración en gran parte. No hay reportes noticiosos o discursos acerca del procomún."
+msgid ""
+"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
+"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
+"dominate the discourse on how resources are best managed. Rarely is the "
+"commons even considered as an option. The commons has largely disappeared "
+"from consciousness and consideration. There are no news reports or speeches "
+"about the commons."
+msgstr ""
+"Usar al procomún para gestionar recursos es parte de una larga continuidad "
+"histórica. Sin embargo, en la sociedad contemporánea, el mercado y el Estado "
+"dominan el discurso de cómo los recursos se gestionan de la mejor forma. Es "
+"raro que el procomún tan siquiera se considere como una opción. El procomún "
+"ha desaparecido conciencia y consideración en gran parte. No hay reportes "
+"noticiosos o discursos acerca del procomún."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:580
-msgid "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its history."
-msgstr "Pero los más de 1100 millones de recursos licenciados con Creative Commons alrededor del mundo son indicaciones de un movimiento de las bases hacia el procomún. El procomún está haciendo un resurgimiento. Para entender la resiliencia de el procomún en su actual renovación, es útil saber algo de su historia."
+msgid ""
+"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
+"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
+"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the "
+"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
+"history."
+msgstr ""
+"Pero los más de 1100 millones de recursos licenciados con Creative Commons "
+"alrededor del mundo son indicaciones de un movimiento de las bases hacia el "
+"procomún. El procomún está haciendo un resurgimiento. Para entender la "
+"resiliencia de el procomún en su actual renovación, es útil saber algo de su "
+"historia."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589
-msgid "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and many other things collectively as a commons.11 There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)"
-msgstr "Por siglos, las personas indígenas de las sociedades preindustrializadas gestionaron recursos de forma colectiva como un procomún, incluyendo agua, comida, leña, irrigación, pesca y caza, y muchas otras cosas.11 No había mercado, ni economía global. El estado en la forma de soberanos influenciaba el procomún pero de ninguna forma lo controlaba. La participación social directa en el procomún era la forma principal con la cuál se gestionaban los recursos y se satisfacían las necesidades. (Fig. 4 ilustra el procomún con relación a el Estado y el mercado.)"
+msgid ""
+"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
+"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
+"many other things collectively as a commons.11 There was no market, no "
+"global economy. The state in the form of rulers influenced the commons but "
+"by no means controlled it. Direct social participation in a commons was the "
+"primary way in which resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 "
+"illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Por siglos, las personas indígenas de las sociedades preindustrializadas "
+"gestionaron recursos de forma colectiva como un procomún, incluyendo agua, "
+"comida, leña, irrigación, pesca y caza, y muchas otras cosas.11 No había "
+"mercado, ni economía global. El estado en la forma de soberanos influenciaba "
+"el procomún pero de ninguna forma lo controlaba. La participación social "
+"directa en el procomún era la forma principal con la cuál se gestionaban los "
+"recursos y se satisfacían las necesidades. (Fig. 4 ilustra el procomún con "
+"relación a el Estado y el mercado.)"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597
-msgid "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the commons.12 In olden days, “commoners” were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.13 Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)."
-msgstr "A esto le sigue una larga historia del estado (un monarca o soberano) tomando control sobre el procomún para sus propios propósitos. A esto se le llama cercamiento del procomún.12 En días antiguos, las masas eran desalojadas de la tierra, se levantaban vallas y cercas, se pasaban leyes y se establecía seguridad para prohibir el acceso.13 De forma gradual, los recursos se volvieron propiedad del estado y el estado se volvió la forma principal por la que los recursos se gestionaban. (Ver Fig. 5)."
+msgid ""
+"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
+"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
+"the commons.12 In olden days, “commoners” were evicted from the land, fences "
+"and hedges erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.13 "
+"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became "
+"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)."
+msgstr ""
+"A esto le sigue una larga historia del estado (un monarca o soberano) "
+"tomando control sobre el procomún para sus propios propósitos. A esto se le "
+"llama cercamiento del procomún.12 En días antiguos, las masas eran "
+"desalojadas de la tierra, se levantaban vallas y cercas, se pasaban leyes y "
+"se establecía seguridad para prohibir el acceso.13 De forma gradual, los "
+"recursos se volvieron propiedad del estado y el estado se volvió la forma "
+"principal por la que los recursos se gestionaban. (Ver Fig. 5)."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609
-msgid "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed."
-msgstr "La tenencia de tierra, agua y caza eran distribuidas a la familia gobernante y políticos designados. Las masas desplazadas de la tierra migraron a las ciudades. Con el surgimiento de la revolución industrial, la tierra y los recursos se volvieron bienes que se vendían a negocios para soportar la producción. Las monarquías evolucionaron a parlamentos elegidos. Las masas se volvieron trabajadores ganando dinero por operar maquinaria industrial. Leyes financieras, de negocios y de propiedad fueron revisadas por los gobiernos para soportar mercados, crecimiento y productividad. La Fig. 6 muestra cómo hoy el mercado es el medio principal por el cuál los recursos son gestionados."
+msgid ""
+"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
+"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
+"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became "
+"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved "
+"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating "
+"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were "
+"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over "
+"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of "
+"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is "
+"the primary means by which resources are managed."
+msgstr ""
+"La tenencia de tierra, agua y caza eran distribuidas a la familia gobernante "
+"y políticos designados. Las masas desplazadas de la tierra migraron a las "
+"ciudades. Con el surgimiento de la revolución industrial, la tierra y los "
+"recursos se volvieron bienes que se vendían a negocios para soportar la "
+"producción. Las monarquías evolucionaron a parlamentos elegidos. Las masas "
+"se volvieron trabajadores ganando dinero por operar maquinaria industrial. "
+"Leyes financieras, de negocios y de propiedad fueron revisadas por los "
+"gobiernos para soportar mercados, crecimiento y productividad. La Fig. 6 "
+"muestra cómo hoy el mercado es el medio principal por el cuál los recursos "
+"son gestionados."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:613
-msgid "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
-msgstr "Sin embargo, el mundo de hoy está atravesando tiempos turbulentos. Los beneficios del mercado se han contrarrestado por la distribución desigual y la sobreexplotación."
+msgid ""
+"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
+"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
+msgstr ""
+"Sin embargo, el mundo de hoy está atravesando tiempos turbulentos. Los "
+"beneficios del mercado se han contrarrestado por la distribución desigual y "
+"la sobreexplotación."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:622
-msgid "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a justification for private property and free markets."
-msgstr "La sobreexplotación fue el tema de el influyente ensayo de Garret Hardin, «La tragedia de los comunes,» publicado en Science en 1968. Hardin argumenta que todos en un procomún buscan maximizar la ganancia personal y continuar haciéndolo incluso cuando los limites del procomún son alcanzados. El procomún es entonces trágicamente agotado al punto en el que ya no puede soportar a nadie. El ensayo de Hardin se volvió aceptado de forma extensa como cierto y una justificación para la propiedad privada y los libre mercados."
+msgid ""
+"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
+"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
+"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to "
+"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then "
+"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. "
+"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
+"justification for private property and free markets."
+msgstr ""
+"La sobreexplotación fue el tema de el influyente ensayo de Garret Hardin, "
+"«La tragedia de los comunes,» publicado en Science en 1968. Hardin argumenta "
+"que todos en un procomún buscan maximizar la ganancia personal y continuar "
+"haciéndolo incluso cuando los limites del procomún son alcanzados. El "
+"procomún es entonces trágicamente agotado al punto en el que ya no puede "
+"soportar a nadie. El ensayo de Hardin se volvió aceptado de forma extensa "
+"como cierto y una justificación para la propiedad privada y los libre "
+"mercados."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:639
msgid ""
-"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have the most "
-"direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of collective action.14"
-msgstr ""
-"Sin embargo, hay una seria falla en «La tragedia de los comunes» de Hardin—es ficticia. Hardin en realidad no estudió cómo el procomún real funciona. Elinor Ostrom ganó el Premio Nobel de economía de 2009 por estudiar diferentes procomunes alrededor del mundo. El trabajo de Ostrom mostró que los recursos naturales del procomún pueden ser gestionados de forma exitosa por comunidades locales sin ninguna regulación por autoridades centrales o sin privatización. El gobierno y la privatización no son las únicas dos opciones. Hay una tercera forma: gestión por las personas, donde aquellas que son impactadas de forma directa están involucradas de forma directa. Con recursos naturales, hay una localidad regional. Las personas en la región "
-"son las más familiares con el recurso natural, tienen la dirección más directa e historia compartida, y por lo tanto son las mejor situadas para gestionarlos. El enfoque de Ostrom hacia la gobernancia de los recursos naturales rompió con la convención; ella reconoció la importancia del procomún como una alternativa al mercado o Estado para solucionar problemas de acción colectiva.14"
+"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
+"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
+"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying "
+"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural "
+"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without "
+"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government "
+"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: "
+"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are "
+"directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The "
+"people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have "
+"the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best "
+"situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural "
+"resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the "
+"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of "
+"collective action.14"
+msgstr ""
+"Sin embargo, hay una seria falla en «La tragedia de los comunes» de Hardin—"
+"es ficticia. Hardin en realidad no estudió cómo el procomún real funciona. "
+"Elinor Ostrom ganó el Premio Nobel de economía de 2009 por estudiar "
+"diferentes procomunes alrededor del mundo. El trabajo de Ostrom mostró que "
+"los recursos naturales del procomún pueden ser gestionados de forma exitosa "
+"por comunidades locales sin ninguna regulación por autoridades centrales o "
+"sin privatización. El gobierno y la privatización no son las únicas dos "
+"opciones. Hay una tercera forma: gestión por las personas, donde aquellas "
+"que son impactadas de forma directa están involucradas de forma directa. Con "
+"recursos naturales, hay una localidad regional. Las personas en la región "
+"son las más familiares con el recurso natural, tienen la dirección más "
+"directa e historia compartida, y por lo tanto son las mejor situadas para "
+"gestionarlos. El enfoque de Ostrom hacia la gobernancia de los recursos "
+"naturales rompió con la convención; ella reconoció la importancia del "
+"procomún como una alternativa al mercado o Estado para solucionar problemas "
+"de acción colectiva.14"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:649
-msgid "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, while Hardin’s essay is called The Tragedy of the Commons it might more accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market."
-msgstr "Hardin falló en no considerar la dinámica social actual del procomún. Su modeló asumió que la gente en el procomún actúa de forma autónoma, por puro egoísmo, sin interacción o consideración de otros. Pero como Ostrom encontró, en realidad, gestionar recursos del procomún en conjunto forma una comunidad y fomenta el discurso. Esto naturalmente genera normas y reglas que ayudan a las personas a trabajar de forma colectiva y asegurar un procomún sostenible. De forma paradójica, mientras el ensayo de Hardi se llamó La tragedia de los comunes, este pudo haberse titulado de forma más precisa La tragedia del mercado."
+msgid ""
+"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
+"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
+"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
+"found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and "
+"encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help "
+"people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, "
+"while Hardin’s essay is called The Tragedy of the Commons it might more "
+"accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market."
+msgstr ""
+"Hardin falló en no considerar la dinámica social actual del procomún. Su "
+"modeló asumió que la gente en el procomún actúa de forma autónoma, por puro "
+"egoísmo, sin interacción o consideración de otros. Pero como Ostrom "
+"encontró, en realidad, gestionar recursos del procomún en conjunto forma una "
+"comunidad y fomenta el discurso. Esto naturalmente genera normas y reglas "
+"que ayudan a las personas a trabajar de forma colectiva y asegurar un "
+"procomún sostenible. De forma paradójica, mientras el ensayo de Hardi se "
+"llamó La tragedia de los comunes, este pudo haberse titulado de forma más "
+"precisa La tragedia del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:659
-msgid "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is known about how abundance works.15 The emergence of information technology and the Internet has led to an explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the market to make digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual market norms and rules to be applied."
-msgstr "La historia de Hardin se basa en la premisa de recursos agotables. Los economistas se han enfocado casi exclusivamente en la mercados basados en la escasez. Muy poco se sabe acerca de cómo funciona la abundancia.15 El surgimiento de información tecnológica y la Internet ha llevado a una explosión en recursos digitales un nuevos medios para compartir y distribuir. Los recursos digitales nunca se pueden agotar. Sin embargo, la ausencia de un modelo teórico de cómo funciona la abundancia ha llevado al mercado a hacer que los recursos digitales sean artificialmente escasos y que sea posible aplicar las normas y reglas usuales del mercado."
+msgid ""
+"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
+"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
+"known about how abundance works.15 The emergence of information technology "
+"and the Internet has led to an explosion in digital resources and new means "
+"of sharing and distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An "
+"absence of a theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the "
+"market to make digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible "
+"for the usual market norms and rules to be applied."
+msgstr ""
+"La historia de Hardin se basa en la premisa de recursos agotables. Los "
+"economistas se han enfocado casi exclusivamente en la mercados basados en la "
+"escasez. Muy poco se sabe acerca de cómo funciona la abundancia.15 El "
+"surgimiento de información tecnológica y la Internet ha llevado a una "
+"explosión en recursos digitales un nuevos medios para compartir y "
+"distribuir. Los recursos digitales nunca se pueden agotar. Sin embargo, la "
+"ausencia de un modelo teórico de cómo funciona la abundancia ha llevado al "
+"mercado a hacer que los recursos digitales sean artificialmente escasos y "
+"que sea posible aplicar las normas y reglas usuales del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:664
-msgid "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state funded digital works should be that they are freely and openly available to the public that paid for them."
-msgstr "Pero, cuando se trata de usar los fondos del Estado para crear bienes digitales, en realidad no hay justificación para la escasez artificial. La norma de los trabajos digitales financiados por el Estado debería ser que estén disponibles de forma libre y abierta para el público que pagó por estos."
+msgid ""
+"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
+"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
+"funded digital works should be that they are freely and openly available to "
+"the public that paid for them."
+msgstr ""
+"Pero, cuando se trata de usar los fondos del Estado para crear bienes "
+"digitales, en realidad no hay justificación para la escasez artificial. La "
+"norma de los trabajos digitales financiados por el Estado debería ser que "
+"estén disponibles de forma libre y abierta para el público que pagó por "
+"estos."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-22\"></span>The Digital Revolution"
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "The Digital Revolution"
msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-22\"></span>La revolución digital"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
-msgid "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:"
-msgstr "En los primeros días de la computación, las personas programadoras y desarrolladoras aprendieron de cada una compartiendo programas. En los años 1980, el movimiento de software libre codificó esta práctica de compartir en un conjunto de principios y libertades:"
+msgid ""
+"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
+"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
+"this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:"
+msgstr ""
+"En los primeros días de la computación, las personas programadoras y "
+"desarrolladoras aprendieron de cada una compartiendo programas. En los años "
+"1980, el movimiento de software libre codificó esta práctica de compartir en "
+"un conjunto de principios y libertades:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:678
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
-msgstr "La libertad de ejecutar un programa de software de la forma en que desee, para cualquier propósito."
+msgstr ""
+"La libertad de ejecutar un programa de software de la forma en que desee, "
+"para cualquier propósito."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:678
-msgid "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing as you wish."
-msgstr "La libertad de estudiar cómo funciona un programa de software (porque el acceso al código fuente ha sido dado de forma libre), y cambiarlo para que haga la computación cómo usted lo desee."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
+"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
+"as you wish."
+msgstr ""
+"La libertad de estudiar cómo funciona un programa de software (porque el "
+"acceso al código fuente ha sido dado de forma libre), y cambiarlo para que "
+"haga la computación cómo usted lo desee."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:678
#. type: Bullet: '- '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:678
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
-msgstr "La libertad de distribuir a otras personas copias de versiones modificadas.16"
+msgstr ""
+"La libertad de distribuir a otras personas copias de versiones modificadas.16"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:681
-msgid "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that typify a digital commons."
-msgstr "Estos principios y libertades constituyen un conjunto de normas y reglas que tipifican un procomún digital."
+msgid ""
+"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
+"typify a digital commons."
+msgstr ""
+"Estos principios y libertades constituyen un conjunto de normas y reglas que "
+"tipifican un procomún digital."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:694
msgid ""
-"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these principles into licenses and standards for managing access to and distribution of software. The benefits of open source—such as reliability, scalability, and quality verified by independent peer review—became widely recognized and accepted. Customers liked the way open source gave them control without being locked into a closed, proprietary technology. Free and open-source software also generated a network effect where the value of a product or service increases with the number of people using it.17 The dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes much to the fact that nobody has a "
-"proprietary lock on core Internet protocols."
-msgstr ""
-"A finales de los años 1990, para hacer el acto de compartir código fuente y la colaboración más atractiva a las compañías, la iniciativa de programas de código abierto convirtió estos principios en licencias y estándares para gestionar el acceso y la distribución de programas. Los beneficios del código abierto—tales como confiabilidad, escalabilidad y calidad verificada por revisión de pares independientes—se volvió ampliamente reconocida y aceptada. A los clientes les gustaba la forma en que el código abierto les daba el control sin quedarse encerrados en tecnología privativa y cerrada. Los programas de código abierto y libre también generaron un efecto de red en donde el valor de un producto o servicio incrementa con el número de "
-"personas usándolo.17 El crecimiento dramático de la misma Internet le debe mucho al hecho de que nadie tenía un candado propietario sobre los protocolos centrales de Internet."
+"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
+"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
+"principles into licenses and standards for managing access to and "
+"distribution of software. The benefits of open source—such as reliability, "
+"scalability, and quality verified by independent peer review—became widely "
+"recognized and accepted. Customers liked the way open source gave them "
+"control without being locked into a closed, proprietary technology. Free and "
+"open-source software also generated a network effect where the value of a "
+"product or service increases with the number of people using it.17 The "
+"dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes much to the fact that nobody has "
+"a proprietary lock on core Internet protocols."
+msgstr ""
+"A finales de los años 1990, para hacer el acto de compartir código fuente y "
+"la colaboración más atractiva a las compañías, la iniciativa de programas de "
+"código abierto convirtió estos principios en licencias y estándares para "
+"gestionar el acceso y la distribución de programas. Los beneficios del "
+"código abierto—tales como confiabilidad, escalabilidad y calidad verificada "
+"por revisión de pares independientes—se volvió ampliamente reconocida y "
+"aceptada. A los clientes les gustaba la forma en que el código abierto les "
+"daba el control sin quedarse encerrados en tecnología privativa y cerrada. "
+"Los programas de código abierto y libre también generaron un efecto de red "
+"en donde el valor de un producto o servicio incrementa con el número de "
+"personas usándolo.17 El crecimiento dramático de la misma Internet le debe "
+"mucho al hecho de que nadie tenía un candado propietario sobre los "
+"protocolos centrales de Internet."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:703
-msgid "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the economics and business models associated with open-source software.18 These models can provide examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons."
-msgstr "Mientras los programas de código abierto funcionan como un procomún, muchos negocios y mercados se construyeron a su alrededor. Los modelos de negocio basados en licencias y estándares de programas de código abierto evolucionaron junto con organizaciones que gestionaron el código de programas bajo principios de abundancia en lugar de escasez. El ensayo de Eric Raymond «El caldero mágico» hace un gran trabajo al analizar la economía y los modelos de negocio asociados a los programas de código abierto.18 Estos modelos pueden brindar ejemplos de enfoques sostenibles para aquellos Hechos con Creative Commons."
+msgid ""
+"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
+"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
+"standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that "
+"managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric "
+"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the "
+"economics and business models associated with open-source software.18 These "
+"models can provide examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with "
+"Creative Commons."
+msgstr ""
+"Mientras los programas de código abierto funcionan como un procomún, muchos "
+"negocios y mercados se construyeron a su alrededor. Los modelos de negocio "
+"basados en licencias y estándares de programas de código abierto "
+"evolucionaron junto con organizaciones que gestionaron el código de "
+"programas bajo principios de abundancia en lugar de escasez. El ensayo de "
+"Eric Raymond «El caldero mágico» hace un gran trabajo al analizar la "
+"economía y los modelos de negocio asociados a los programas de código "
+"abierto.18 Estos modelos pueden brindar ejemplos de enfoques sostenibles "
+"para aquellos Hechos con Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:714
-msgid "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, information technology, and the Internet made it possible for mass participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s permission."
-msgstr ""
-"No es sólo acerca de la abundancia de la disponibilidad de activos digitales, sino también acerca de la abundancia de la participación. El crecimiento del personal de computación, información tecnológica, y de la Internet ha hecho posible la participación masiva en la producción de trabajos creativos y la distribución de estos. Las fotos, libros, música y muchas otras formas de contenidos digitales pueden ahora ser fácilmente creados y distribuidos por casi cualquiera. A pesar de este potencial de abundancia, estos trabajos digitales por defecto están gobernados por leyes de derechos de autor. Bajo el derecho de autor, un trabajo digital es la propiedad del creador, y, por ley, otras personas están excluidas para accesarlo y usarlo "
-"sin el permiso del creador."
+msgid ""
+"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
+"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
+"information technology, and the Internet made it possible for mass "
+"participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, "
+"books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily "
+"created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for "
+"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. "
+"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law "
+"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
+"permission."
+msgstr ""
+"No es sólo acerca de la abundancia de la disponibilidad de activos "
+"digitales, sino también acerca de la abundancia de la participación. El "
+"crecimiento del personal de computación, información tecnológica, y de la "
+"Internet ha hecho posible la participación masiva en la producción de "
+"trabajos creativos y la distribución de estos. Las fotos, libros, música y "
+"muchas otras formas de contenidos digitales pueden ahora ser fácilmente "
+"creados y distribuidos por casi cualquiera. A pesar de este potencial de "
+"abundancia, estos trabajos digitales por defecto están gobernados por leyes "
+"de derechos de autor. Bajo el derecho de autor, un trabajo digital es la "
+"propiedad del creador, y, por ley, otras personas están excluidas para "
+"accesarlo y usarlo sin el permiso del creador."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720
-msgid "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes relationships, seeks to change opinions, encourages action, and informs others about who we are and what we care about. Sharing lets us feel more involved with the world.19"
-msgstr "Pero a las personas les gusta compartir. Una de las formas en las que nos definimos a nosotros mismos es compartiendo contenido valioso y entretenido. Hacer esto aumenta y nutre las relaciones, busca cambiar opiniones, impulsa a la acción e informa a otras personas acerca de quiénes somos y qué nos importa. Compartir nos hace sentir más involucrados con el mundo.19"
+msgid ""
+"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
+"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
+"relationships, seeks to change opinions, encourages action, and informs "
+"others about who we are and what we care about. Sharing lets us feel more "
+"involved with the world.19"
+msgstr ""
+"Pero a las personas les gusta compartir. Una de las formas en las que nos "
+"definimos a nosotros mismos es compartiendo contenido valioso y entretenido. "
+"Hacer esto aumenta y nutre las relaciones, busca cambiar opiniones, impulsa "
+"a la acción e informa a otras personas acerca de quiénes somos y qué nos "
+"importa. Compartir nos hace sentir más involucrados con el mundo.19"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:722
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-23\"></span>The Birth of Creative Commons"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-23\"></span>El nacimiento de Creative Commons"
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons"
+msgstr "Hecho con Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:729
-msgid "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses was modeled on those of open-source software but for use with digital content rather than software code. The licenses give everyone from individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work."
-msgstr "En 2001, Creative Commons se creó como una organización sin fines de lucro para apoyar a todas aquellas personas que quería compartir contenidos digitales. Una serie de licencias Creative Commons se modelaron siguiendo las de software de código abierto, pero para ser usadas con contenidos digitales, en lugar de código de programas. Las licencias le dan a todo el mundo, desde creadores individuales hasta grandes compañías e instituciones, una forma sencilla y estándar de conceder permisos de derechos de autor a su trabajo creativo."
+msgid ""
+"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
+"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
+"was modeled on those of open-source software but for use with digital "
+"content rather than software code. The licenses give everyone from "
+"individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, "
+"standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work."
+msgstr ""
+"En 2001, Creative Commons se creó como una organización sin fines de lucro "
+"para apoyar a todas aquellas personas que quería compartir contenidos "
+"digitales. Una serie de licencias Creative Commons se modelaron siguiendo "
+"las de software de código abierto, pero para ser usadas con contenidos "
+"digitales, en lugar de código de programas. Las licencias le dan a todo el "
+"mundo, desde creadores individuales hasta grandes compañías e instituciones, "
+"una forma sencilla y estándar de conceder permisos de derechos de autor a su "
+"trabajo creativo."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:743
msgid ""
-"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the Web to know a work is Creative Commons–licensed by expressing permissions in a way that software systems, search engines, and other kinds of technology can understand.20 Taken together, these three layers ensure creators, "
-"users, and even the Web itself understand the norms and rules associated with digital content in a commons."
-msgstr ""
-"Las licencias Creative Commons tienen un diseño de tres capas. Las normas y reglas de cada licencia primero son expresadas en un texto completamente legal como el que utilizan los abogados. Esta capa se llama el código legal. Pero como la mayoría de personas creadoras y usuarias no son abogados, esta licencia también tiene una escritura del procomún, que expresa los permisos en lenguaje simple que personas regulares pueden leer y entender rápidamente. Este actúa como una interfaz amistosa para el usuario de la capa del código legal que tiene por debajo. La tercera capa es una legible por máquinas, que vuelve sencillo que la Web sepa que un trabajo está licenciado bajo Creative Commons al expresar permisos en una forma que sistemas "
-"de software, motores de búsqueda y otros tipos de tecnología puedan entender.20 Tomadas en conjunto, estas tres capas asegura que creadores, usuarios e incluso la Web misma entiendan las normas y reglas asociadas con contenidos digitales en el procomún."
+"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
+"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
+"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are "
+"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
+"permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly "
+"understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer "
+"beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the "
+"Web to know a work is Creative Commons–licensed by expressing permissions in "
+"a way that software systems, search engines, and other kinds of technology "
+"can understand.20 Taken together, these three layers ensure creators, users, "
+"and even the Web itself understand the norms and rules associated with "
+"digital content in a commons."
+msgstr ""
+"Las licencias Creative Commons tienen un diseño de tres capas. Las normas y "
+"reglas de cada licencia primero son expresadas en un texto completamente "
+"legal como el que utilizan los abogados. Esta capa se llama el código legal. "
+"Pero como la mayoría de personas creadoras y usuarias no son abogados, esta "
+"licencia también tiene una escritura del procomún, que expresa los permisos "
+"en lenguaje simple que personas regulares pueden leer y entender "
+"rápidamente. Este actúa como una interfaz amistosa para el usuario de la "
+"capa del código legal que tiene por debajo. La tercera capa es una legible "
+"por máquinas, que vuelve sencillo que la Web sepa que un trabajo está "
+"licenciado bajo Creative Commons al expresar permisos en una forma que "
+"sistemas de software, motores de búsqueda y otros tipos de tecnología puedan "
+"entender.20 Tomadas en conjunto, estas tres capas asegura que creadores, "
+"usuarios e incluso la Web misma entiendan las normas y reglas asociadas con "
+"contenidos digitales en el procomún."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:750
-msgid "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are using Creative Commons licenses all around the world, in thirty-four languages. These resources include photos, artwork, research articles in journals, educational resources, music and other audio tracks, and videos."
-msgstr "En 2015, habían más de mil millones de trabajos licenciados bajo Creative Commons en un procomún global. Estos trabajos fueron vistos en lína 136 mil millones de veces. Las personas están usando licencias Creative Commons alrededor de todo el mundo, en treinta y cuatro idiomas. Estos recursos incluyen fotos, trabajos artísticos, artículos de investigación en revistas, recursos educativos, música y otras pistas de audio y vídeos."
+msgid ""
+"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
+"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
+"are using Creative Commons licenses all around the world, in thirty-four "
+"languages. These resources include photos, artwork, research articles in "
+"journals, educational resources, music and other audio tracks, and videos."
+msgstr ""
+"En 2015, habían más de mil millones de trabajos licenciados bajo Creative "
+"Commons en un procomún global. Estos trabajos fueron vistos en lína 136 mil "
+"millones de veces. Las personas están usando licencias Creative Commons "
+"alrededor de todo el mundo, en treinta y cuatro idiomas. Estos recursos "
+"incluyen fotos, trabajos artísticos, artículos de investigación en revistas, "
+"recursos educativos, música y otras pistas de audio y vídeos."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:758
-msgid "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, and publishers. Millions of websites use CC licenses, including major platforms like Wikipedia and Flickr and smaller ones like blogs.21 Users of Creative Commons are diverse and cut across many different sectors. (Our case studies were chosen to reflect that diversity.)"
-msgstr "Artistas, fotógrafos, músicos y cineastas usan Creative Commons, pero también lo hacen museos, gobiernos, industrias creativas, fabricantes y editores. Millones de sitios web usan licencias CC, incluyendo importantes plataformas como Wikipedia y Flickr, y otras más pequeñas como blogs.21 Las personas usuarias de Creative Commons son diversas y abarcan muchos sectores diferentes. (Nuestros casos de estudio fueron escogidos para reflejar esa diversidad.)"
+msgid ""
+"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
+"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
+"and publishers. Millions of websites use CC licenses, including major "
+"platforms like Wikipedia and Flickr and smaller ones like blogs.21 Users of "
+"Creative Commons are diverse and cut across many different sectors. (Our "
+"case studies were chosen to reflect that diversity.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Artistas, fotógrafos, músicos y cineastas usan Creative Commons, pero "
+"también lo hacen museos, gobiernos, industrias creativas, fabricantes y "
+"editores. Millones de sitios web usan licencias CC, incluyendo importantes "
+"plataformas como Wikipedia y Flickr, y otras más pequeñas como blogs.21 Las "
+"personas usuarias de Creative Commons son diversas y abarcan muchos sectores "
+"diferentes. (Nuestros casos de estudio fueron escogidos para reflejar esa "
+"diversidad.)"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:768
-msgid "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source software movement."
-msgstr "Algunas personas ven a Creative Commons como una forma de compartir un regalo con otras, una forma de hacerse conocidas, o una forma de brindar beneficio social. Otras simplemente están comprometidas a las normas asociadas con un procomún. Y para algunas, la participación ha sido estimulada por el movimiento de cultura libre, un movimiento social que promueve la libertad de distribuir y modificar trabajos creativos. El movimiento de cultura libre ve un procomún como algo que brinda beneficios significativos comparado con las leyes de derechos de autor. Este ethos del intercambio libre en un procomún alinea el movimiento de cultura libre con el movimiento del software libre y de código abierto."
+msgid ""
+"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
+"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
+"committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, "
+"participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social "
+"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. "
+"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits "
+"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a "
+"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
+"software movement."
+msgstr ""
+"Algunas personas ven a Creative Commons como una forma de compartir un "
+"regalo con otras, una forma de hacerse conocidas, o una forma de brindar "
+"beneficio social. Otras simplemente están comprometidas a las normas "
+"asociadas con un procomún. Y para algunas, la participación ha sido "
+"estimulada por el movimiento de cultura libre, un movimiento social que "
+"promueve la libertad de distribuir y modificar trabajos creativos. El "
+"movimiento de cultura libre ve un procomún como algo que brinda beneficios "
+"significativos comparado con las leyes de derechos de autor. Este ethos del "
+"intercambio libre en un procomún alinea el movimiento de cultura libre con "
+"el movimiento del software libre y de código abierto."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774
-msgid "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The goal in every case has been to democratize participation and share digital resources at no cost, with legal permissions for anyone to freely access, use, and modify."
-msgstr "A través del tiempo, Creative Commons ha estimulado una amplia variedad de movimientos abiertos, incluyendo recursos educativos abiertos, acceso abierto, ciencia abierta y datos abiertos. El objetivo en cada caso ha sido democratizar la participación y compartir recursos digitales sin costo, con permisos legales para que cualquier persona pueda accesar, usar y modificar de forma libre."
+msgid ""
+"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
+"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
+"goal in every case has been to democratize participation and share digital "
+"resources at no cost, with legal permissions for anyone to freely access, "
+"use, and modify."
+msgstr ""
+"A través del tiempo, Creative Commons ha estimulado una amplia variedad de "
+"movimientos abiertos, incluyendo recursos educativos abiertos, acceso "
+"abierto, ciencia abierta y datos abiertos. El objetivo en cada caso ha sido "
+"democratizar la participación y compartir recursos digitales sin costo, con "
+"permisos legales para que cualquier persona pueda accesar, usar y modificar "
+"de forma libre."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:784
-msgid "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for them."
-msgstr "El Estado está involucrándose cada vez más en apoyar los movimientos abiertos. El Open Government Partnership fue lanzado en 2011 para brindar una plataforma internacional para que los gobiernos se vuelvan más abiertos, que puedan rendir mejor sus cuentas y dar una respuesta más oportuna a sus ciudadanos. Desde entonces ha crecido de ocho países participantes a setenta. 22 En todos estos países, el gobierno y la sociedad civil están trabajando juntos para desarrollar e implementar reformas ambiciosas de gobierno abierto. Los gobiernos están adoptando Creative Commons cada vez más para asegurar que los trabajos financiados con dólares de los contribuyentes sean abiertos y libres para el público que pagó por estos."
+msgid ""
+"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
+"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
+"platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to "
+"citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to "
+"seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working "
+"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. "
+"Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works "
+"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+"El Estado está involucrándose cada vez más en apoyar los movimientos "
+"abiertos. El Open Government Partnership fue lanzado en 2011 para brindar "
+"una plataforma internacional para que los gobiernos se vuelvan más abiertos, "
+"que puedan rendir mejor sus cuentas y dar una respuesta más oportuna a sus "
+"ciudadanos. Desde entonces ha crecido de ocho países participantes a "
+"setenta. 22 En todos estos países, el gobierno y la sociedad civil están "
+"trabajando juntos para desarrollar e implementar reformas ambiciosas de "
+"gobierno abierto. Los gobiernos están adoptando Creative Commons cada vez "
+"más para asegurar que los trabajos financiados con dólares de los "
+"contribuyentes sean abiertos y libres para el público que pagó por estos."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-24\"></span>The Changing Market"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-24\"></span>El mercado cambiante"
+msgid "The Changing Market"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:798
-msgid "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate growth. A perception that the market is more efficient than the state has led to continual privatization of many public natural resources, utilities, services, and infrastructures.23 While this system has been highly efficient at generating consumerism and the growth of gross domestic product, the impact on human well-being has been mixed. Offsetting rising living standards and improvements to health and education are ever-increasing wealth inequality, social inequality, poverty, deterioration of our natural environment, and breakdowns of democracy.24"
-msgstr ""
-"El mercado de hoy está dirigido en gran parte por un capitalismo global. Los sistemas legales y financieros están estructurados para soportar la extracción, privatización y el crecimiento corporativo. Una percepción de que el mercado es más eficiente que el Estado ha llevado a la continua privatización de muchos recursos naturales, utilidades, servicios e infraestructuras públicas.23 Mientras este sistema ha sido altamente eficiente en generar consumismo y un crecimiento en el producto interno bruto, el impacto en el bienestar humano ha sido mixto. Contrarrestando los crecientes estándares de vida y las mejoras en salud y educación, están las siempre crecientes desigualdad social, pobreza, deterioro de nuestro ambiente natural y "
-"los rompimientos de la democracia.24"
+msgid ""
+"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
+"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
+"growth. A perception that the market is more efficient than the state has "
+"led to continual privatization of many public natural resources, utilities, "
+"services, and infrastructures.23 While this system has been highly efficient "
+"at generating consumerism and the growth of gross domestic product, the "
+"impact on human well-being has been mixed. Offsetting rising living "
+"standards and improvements to health and education are ever-increasing "
+"wealth inequality, social inequality, poverty, deterioration of our natural "
+"environment, and breakdowns of democracy.24"
+msgstr ""
+"El mercado de hoy está dirigido en gran parte por un capitalismo global. Los "
+"sistemas legales y financieros están estructurados para soportar la "
+"extracción, privatización y el crecimiento corporativo. Una percepción de "
+"que el mercado es más eficiente que el Estado ha llevado a la continua "
+"privatización de muchos recursos naturales, utilidades, servicios e "
+"infraestructuras públicas.23 Mientras este sistema ha sido altamente "
+"eficiente en generar consumismo y un crecimiento en el producto interno "
+"bruto, el impacto en el bienestar humano ha sido mixto. Contrarrestando los "
+"crecientes estándares de vida y las mejoras en salud y educación, están las "
+"siempre crecientes desigualdad social, pobreza, deterioro de nuestro "
+"ambiente natural y los rompimientos de la democracia.24"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804
-msgid "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and economically inclusive, that environmental sustainability is a requirement not an option, and that we need to better balance the market, state and community.25"
-msgstr "A la luz de estos retos hay un creciente reconocimiento de que el crecimiento del PIB no debe ser un fin en si mismo, que el desarrollo necesita ser inclusivo social y económicamente, que la sostenibilidad ambiental es un requisito y no una opción, y que necesitamos balancear mejor el mercado, el Estado y la comunidad.25"
+msgid ""
+"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
+"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
+"economically inclusive, that environmental sustainability is a requirement "
+"not an option, and that we need to better balance the market, state and "
+"community.25"
+msgstr ""
+"A la luz de estos retos hay un creciente reconocimiento de que el "
+"crecimiento del PIB no debe ser un fin en si mismo, que el desarrollo "
+"necesita ser inclusivo social y económicamente, que la sostenibilidad "
+"ambiental es un requisito y no una opción, y que necesitamos balancear mejor "
+"el mercado, el Estado y la comunidad.25"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:812
-msgid "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care and regeneration of urban commons.26 Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and safety.27"
-msgstr "Estas revelaciones ha llevado a un resurgimiento de interés en el procomún como una forma de hacer posible ese balance. Gobiernos de ciudades como Bolonia, Italia, están colaborando con sus ciudadanos para establecer regulaciones para el cuidado y regeneración del procomún urbano.26 Seúl y Amsterdam se llaman a si mismas «ciudades compartidas», buscando hacerse sostenibles y más eficientes en el uso de recursos escasos. Ellas ven el compartir como una forma de mejorar el uso de los espacios públicos, la movilidad, la cohesión social y la seguridada.27"
+msgid ""
+"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
+"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
+"collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care "
+"and regeneration of urban commons.26 Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves "
+"“sharing cities,” looking to make sustainable and more efficient use of "
+"scarce resources. They see sharing as a way to improve the use of public "
+"spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and safety.27"
+msgstr ""
+"Estas revelaciones ha llevado a un resurgimiento de interés en el procomún "
+"como una forma de hacer posible ese balance. Gobiernos de ciudades como "
+"Bolonia, Italia, están colaborando con sus ciudadanos para establecer "
+"regulaciones para el cuidado y regeneración del procomún urbano.26 Seúl y "
+"Amsterdam se llaman a si mismas «ciudades compartidas», buscando hacerse "
+"sostenibles y más eficientes en el uso de recursos escasos. Ellas ven el "
+"compartir como una forma de mejorar el uso de los espacios públicos, la "
+"movilidad, la cohesión social y la seguridada.27"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:829
msgid ""
-"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term lodging and Uber providing a platform for ride sharing. However, Airbnb and Uber are still largely operating under the usual norms and rules of the market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives.28 While none of the people we interviewed for our case studies would describe themselves as part of the sharing economy, there are in fact some "
-"significant parallels. Both the sharing economy and the commons make better use of asset capacity. The sharing economy sees personal residents and cars as having latent spare capacity with rental value. The equitable access of the commons broadens and diversifies the number of people who can use and derive value from an asset."
-msgstr ""
-"El mercado por sí mismo ha tomado un interés en la economía compartida, con negocios como Airbnb brindando un mercado de pares para alojamiento a corto plazo, y Uber brindando una plataforma para viajes compartidos. Sin embargo, Airbnb y Uber aún operan mayoritariamente bajo las normas y reglas usuales del mercado, haciéndolas menos como un procomún y más como un negocio tradicional que busca ganancias financieras. Mucho de la economía compartida no es sobre el procomún o sobre construir una alternativa a la economía de mercado dirigida por corporaciones; es sobre extender el libre mercado desregulado hacia nuevas áreas de nuestras vidas.28 Aunque ninguna de las personas que entrevistamos en nuestros casos de estudio se "
-"describirían a ellas mismas como parte de una economía compartida, de hecho hay algunos paralelismos importantes. Tanto la economía compartida como en el procomún hacen un mejor uso de la capacidad de activos. La economía compartida ve a personas residentes y carros como algo que tiene una capacidad latente sobrante con valor para alquiler. El acceso equitativo del procomún amplía y diversifica el número de personas que pueden usar y derivar valor de un activo."
+"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
+"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
+"lodging and Uber providing a platform for ride sharing. However, Airbnb and "
+"Uber are still largely operating under the usual norms and rules of the "
+"market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business "
+"seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons "
+"or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about "
+"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives.28 While "
+"none of the people we interviewed for our case studies would describe "
+"themselves as part of the sharing economy, there are in fact some "
+"significant parallels. Both the sharing economy and the commons make better "
+"use of asset capacity. The sharing economy sees personal residents and cars "
+"as having latent spare capacity with rental value. The equitable access of "
+"the commons broadens and diversifies the number of people who can use and "
+"derive value from an asset."
+msgstr ""
+"El mercado por sí mismo ha tomado un interés en la economía compartida, con "
+"negocios como Airbnb brindando un mercado de pares para alojamiento a corto "
+"plazo, y Uber brindando una plataforma para viajes compartidos. Sin embargo, "
+"Airbnb y Uber aún operan mayoritariamente bajo las normas y reglas usuales "
+"del mercado, haciéndolas menos como un procomún y más como un negocio "
+"tradicional que busca ganancias financieras. Mucho de la economía compartida "
+"no es sobre el procomún o sobre construir una alternativa a la economía de "
+"mercado dirigida por corporaciones; es sobre extender el libre mercado "
+"desregulado hacia nuevas áreas de nuestras vidas.28 Aunque ninguna de las "
+"personas que entrevistamos en nuestros casos de estudio se describirían a "
+"ellas mismas como parte de una economía compartida, de hecho hay algunos "
+"paralelismos importantes. Tanto la economía compartida como en el procomún "
+"hacen un mejor uso de la capacidad de activos. La economía compartida ve a "
+"personas residentes y carros como algo que tiene una capacidad latente "
+"sobrante con valor para alquiler. El acceso equitativo del procomún amplía y "
+"diversifica el número de personas que pueden usar y derivar valor de un "
+"activo."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:839
-msgid "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
-msgstr ""
-"Una forma en la que los casos de estudio de Hecho con Creative Commons se diferencian de aquellos de la economía compartida es en su enfoque en los recursos digitales. Los recursos digitales funcionan bajo reglas económicas diferentes a las físicas. En un mundo en el que los precios siempre parecen subir, la tecnología de la información es una anomalía. El poder de procesamiento computacional, almacenamiento y ancho de banda están incrementando de forma acelerada, pero en lugar de que los costos suban, estos están bajando. Las tecnologías digitales se están volviendo más rápidas, mejores y más baratas. El costo de cualquier cosa que se construya sobre estas tecnologías siempre va a ir hacia abajo hasta que se acerque a cero.29"
+msgid ""
+"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
+"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
+"function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where "
+"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-"
+"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but "
+"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are "
+"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
+"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
+msgstr ""
+"Una forma en la que los casos de estudio de Hecho con Creative Commons se "
+"diferencian de aquellos de la economía compartida es en su enfoque en los "
+"recursos digitales. Los recursos digitales funcionan bajo reglas económicas "
+"diferentes a las físicas. En un mundo en el que los precios siempre parecen "
+"subir, la tecnología de la información es una anomalía. El poder de "
+"procesamiento computacional, almacenamiento y ancho de banda están "
+"incrementando de forma acelerada, pero en lugar de que los costos suban, "
+"estos están bajando. Las tecnologías digitales se están volviendo más "
+"rápidas, mejores y más baratas. El costo de cualquier cosa que se construya "
+"sobre estas tecnologías siempre va a ir hacia abajo hasta que se acerque a "
+"cero.29"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:850
-msgid "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The use of digital-rights-management technologies in the form of locks, passwords, and controls to prevent digital goods from being accessed, changed, replicated, and distributed is minimal or nonexistent. Instead, Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. They aim for abundance over scarcity."
-msgstr ""
-"Los que están Hechos con Creative Commons están buscando apalancarse con las características inherentes únicas de los recursos digitales, incluyendo la reducción de costos. El uso de tecnologías de gestión de derechos digitales en forma de bloqueos, contraseñas y controles que previenen que los bienes digitales sean accesados, cambiados, replicados y distribuidos es mínimo o inexistente. En su lugar, las licencias de Creative Commons son usadas para sacar contenidos digitales al procomún, tomando ventaja de las características económicas únicas asociadas con ser digital. El propósito es ver que los recursos digitales sean usados tan ampliamente y por tantas personas como sea posible. Maximizar el acceso y la participación es un "
+msgid ""
+"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
+"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
+"use of digital-rights-management technologies in the form of locks, "
+"passwords, and controls to prevent digital goods from being accessed, "
+"changed, replicated, and distributed is minimal or nonexistent. Instead, "
+"Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the "
+"commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being "
+"digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many "
+"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
+"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
+msgstr ""
+"Los que están Hechos con Creative Commons están buscando apalancarse con las "
+"características inherentes únicas de los recursos digitales, incluyendo la "
+"reducción de costos. El uso de tecnologías de gestión de derechos digitales "
+"en forma de bloqueos, contraseñas y controles que previenen que los bienes "
+"digitales sean accesados, cambiados, replicados y distribuidos es mínimo o "
+"inexistente. En su lugar, las licencias de Creative Commons son usadas para "
+"sacar contenidos digitales al procomún, tomando ventaja de las "
+"características económicas únicas asociadas con ser digital. El propósito es "
+"ver que los recursos digitales sean usados tan ampliamente y por tantas "
+"personas como sea posible. Maximizar el acceso y la participación es un "
"objetivo común. El propósito es la abundancia sobre la escasez."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:857
-msgid "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.30 Those that are Made with Creative Commons are each pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models and practice."
-msgstr "El costo incremental de almacenar, copiar y distribuir bienes digitales es cercano a cero, lo que hace la abundancia posible. Pero imaginar un mercado basado en la abundancia en lugar de en la escasez es tan extraño para la forma en que concebimos la teoría y la práctica económica que cuesta hacerlo.30 Los que están Hechos con Creative Commons son cada uno pioneros en este nuevo paisaje, ideando sus propios modelos y prácticas económicas."
+msgid ""
+"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
+"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
+"abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of "
+"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.30 Those that are "
+"Made with Creative Commons are each pioneering in this new landscape, "
+"devising their own economic models and practice."
+msgstr ""
+"El costo incremental de almacenar, copiar y distribuir bienes digitales es "
+"cercano a cero, lo que hace la abundancia posible. Pero imaginar un mercado "
+"basado en la abundancia en lugar de en la escasez es tan extraño para la "
+"forma en que concebimos la teoría y la práctica económica que cuesta "
+"hacerlo.30 Los que están Hechos con Creative Commons son cada uno pioneros "
+"en este nuevo paisaje, ideando sus propios modelos y prácticas económicas."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863
-msgid "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business within the existing rules and norms of the market. And still others are looking to change the norms and rules by which the market operates."
-msgstr "Algunas están buscando minimizar las interacciones con el mercado y operar de una forma tan autónoma como sea posible. Otras están operando en gran parte como un negocio dentro de las reglas y normas existentes del mercado. E incluso otras están buscando cambiar las normas y reglas bajo las cuales opera el mercado."
+msgid ""
+"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
+"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
+"within the existing rules and norms of the market. And still others are "
+"looking to change the norms and rules by which the market operates."
+msgstr ""
+"Algunas están buscando minimizar las interacciones con el mercado y operar "
+"de una forma tan autónoma como sea posible. Otras están operando en gran "
+"parte como un negocio dentro de las reglas y normas existentes del mercado. "
+"E incluso otras están buscando cambiar las normas y reglas bajo las cuales "
+"opera el mercado."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:874
-msgid "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
-msgstr "Para una corporación ordinaria, crear beneficio social como parte de sus operaciones es difícil, y es un requisito legal tomar decisiones que beneficien financieramente a sus accionistas. Pero nuevas formas de negocios están emergiendo. Estas son corporaciones de beneficios y empresas sociales, que amplían sus objetivos de negocios de generar ingresos a hacer un impacto positivo en la sociedad, trabajadores, la comunidad y el ambiente.31 Los negocios que son propiedad de la comunidad, propiedad de trabajadores, cooperativas, gremios, y otras formas organizacionales ofrecen alternativas a la corporación tradicional. De forma colectiva, estas entidades alternativas de mercado están cambiando las reglas y normas del mercado.32"
+msgid ""
+"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
+"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
+"benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are "
+"benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business "
+"goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, "
+"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-"
+"owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer "
+"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative "
+"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
+msgstr ""
+"Para una corporación ordinaria, crear beneficio social como parte de sus "
+"operaciones es difícil, y es un requisito legal tomar decisiones que "
+"beneficien financieramente a sus accionistas. Pero nuevas formas de negocios "
+"están emergiendo. Estas son corporaciones de beneficios y empresas sociales, "
+"que amplían sus objetivos de negocios de generar ingresos a hacer un impacto "
+"positivo en la sociedad, trabajadores, la comunidad y el ambiente.31 Los "
+"negocios que son propiedad de la comunidad, propiedad de trabajadores, "
+"cooperativas, gremios, y otras formas organizacionales ofrecen alternativas "
+"a la corporación tradicional. De forma colectiva, estas entidades "
+"alternativas de mercado están cambiando las reglas y normas del mercado.32"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:881
-msgid "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33"
-msgstr "«Un libro acerca de modelos de negocios abiertos es como lo describimos en la campaña de Kickstarter para este libro. Usamos un manual llamado Generación de Modelos de Negocio como nuestra referencia para definir justo lo que es un modelo de negocios. Desarrollado a lo largo de nueve años usando un «proceso abierto» que invlucró 470 coautores de cuarenta y cinco países, este es marco de referencia útil acerca de modelos de negocios.33"
+msgid ""
+"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
+"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
+"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over "
+"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five "
+"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33"
+msgstr ""
+"«Un libro acerca de modelos de negocios abiertos es como lo describimos en "
+"la campaña de Kickstarter para este libro. Usamos un manual llamado "
+"Generación de Modelos de Negocio como nuestra referencia para definir justo "
+"lo que es un modelo de negocios. Desarrollado a lo largo de nueve años "
+"usando un «proceso abierto» que invlucró 470 coautores de cuarenta y cinco "
+"países, este es marco de referencia útil acerca de modelos de negocios.33"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:890
-msgid "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of open environment that the business fits in.”35 This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic model."
-msgstr "Este contiene un «lienzo de modelo de negocios,» que concibe un modelo de negocios como algo que tiene nueve bloques de construcción.34 Este lienzo en blanco puede servir como una herramienta para que cualquier persona diseñe su propio modelo de negocios. Nosotros remezclamos este lienzo de modelo de negocios en un lienzo de modelo de negocios abierto, agregando tres bloques de construcción más, relevantes para empresas del procomún en el mercado híbrido: bien social, licencia Creative Commons, y «tipo de ambiente abierto en el que el negocio encaja.»35 Este lienzo mejorado probó ser útil cuando analizamos los negocios y ayudamos a las empresas de nueva creación a planear su modelo económico."
+msgid ""
+"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
+"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
+"anyone to design their own business model. We remixed this business model "
+"canvas into an open business model canvas, adding three more building blocks "
+"relevant to hybrid market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative "
+"Commons license, and “type of open environment that the business fits in.”35 "
+"This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped "
+"start-ups plan their economic model."
+msgstr ""
+"Este contiene un «lienzo de modelo de negocios,» que concibe un modelo de "
+"negocios como algo que tiene nueve bloques de construcción.34 Este lienzo en "
+"blanco puede servir como una herramienta para que cualquier persona diseñe "
+"su propio modelo de negocios. Nosotros remezclamos este lienzo de modelo de "
+"negocios en un lienzo de modelo de negocios abierto, agregando tres bloques "
+"de construcción más, relevantes para empresas del procomún en el mercado "
+"híbrido: bien social, licencia Creative Commons, y «tipo de ambiente abierto "
+"en el que el negocio encaja.»35 Este lienzo mejorado probó ser útil cuando "
+"analizamos los negocios y ayudamos a las empresas de nueva creación a "
+"planear su modelo económico."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:901
-msgid "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
-msgstr ""
-"En nuestras entrevistas de estudio de caso, muchas personas expresaron incomodidad al describirse a sí mismas como un modelo de negocios abierto—el término modelo de negocios sugería estar principalmente situadas en el mercado. En dónde usted se sienta en el espectro de procomún-al-mercado afecta la extensión en la cuál usted se ve a sí mismo en el mercado. Entre más central para la misión sean los valores de recursos compartidos y el procomún, menos comodidad habrá al describirse a usted mismo, o describir lo que hace, como un negocio. No todas las personas que tienen esfuerzos Hechos con Creative Commons usan palabras de negocios; para algunas el proceso ha sido experimental, emergente y orgánico, en lugar de ser planeado "
+msgid ""
+"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
+"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
+"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-"
+"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business "
+"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons "
+"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting "
+"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative "
+"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
+"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
+msgstr ""
+"En nuestras entrevistas de estudio de caso, muchas personas expresaron "
+"incomodidad al describirse a sí mismas como un modelo de negocios abierto—el "
+"término modelo de negocios sugería estar principalmente situadas en el "
+"mercado. En dónde usted se sienta en el espectro de procomún-al-mercado "
+"afecta la extensión en la cuál usted se ve a sí mismo en el mercado. Entre "
+"más central para la misión sean los valores de recursos compartidos y el "
+"procomún, menos comodidad habrá al describirse a usted mismo, o describir lo "
+"que hace, como un negocio. No todas las personas que tienen esfuerzos Hechos "
+"con Creative Commons usan palabras de negocios; para algunas el proceso ha "
+"sido experimental, emergente y orgánico, en lugar de ser planeado "
"cuidadosamente usando un modelo predefinido."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:912
-msgid "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability."
-msgstr ""
-"Las personas creadoras, los negocios y las organizaciones que perfilamos, todas participan en el mercado para generar ingresos de alguna forma. Las formas en als que esto se hace varían enormemente. Donaciones, pague lo que guste, membresías, «digital gratuito pero físico por un precio,» financiamiento colectivo, emparejamiento, servicios de valor agregado, mecenas… la lista sigue y sigue. (Una descripción inicial de cómo ganar ingresos está disponible a través de una nota de referencia. Para las ideas más recientes vea Cómo traer dinero en la siguiente sección.) 36 No hay una única fórmula mágica, y cada esfuerzo ha ideado formas que les funcionan. Muchos hacen uso de más de una forma. Diversificar los flujos de ingresos reduce el "
-"riesgo y brinda múltiples rutas hacia la sostenibilidad."
+msgid ""
+"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
+"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
+"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but "
+"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, "
+"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn "
+"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to "
+"Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and "
+"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more "
+"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
+"paths to sustainability."
+msgstr ""
+"Las personas creadoras, los negocios y las organizaciones que perfilamos, "
+"todas participan en el mercado para generar ingresos de alguna forma. Las "
+"formas en als que esto se hace varían enormemente. Donaciones, pague lo que "
+"guste, membresías, «digital gratuito pero físico por un precio,» "
+"financiamiento colectivo, emparejamiento, servicios de valor agregado, "
+"mecenas… la lista sigue y sigue. (Una descripción inicial de cómo ganar "
+"ingresos está disponible a través de una nota de referencia. Para las ideas "
+"más recientes vea Cómo traer dinero en la siguiente sección.) 36 No hay una "
+"única fórmula mágica, y cada esfuerzo ha ideado formas que les funcionan. "
+"Muchos hacen uso de más de una forma. Diversificar los flujos de ingresos "
+"reduce el riesgo y brinda múltiples rutas hacia la sostenibilidad."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-25\"></span>Benefits of the Digital Commons"
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-25\"></span>Beneficios del procomún digital"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
-msgid "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious why the market would engage with the commons. The digital commons offers many benefits."
-msgstr "Mientras puede parecer claro por qué las organizaciones basadas en el procomún quieren interactuar e involucrarse con el mercado (necesitan dinero para sobrevivir), puede ser menos obvio por qué el mercado podría involucrarse con el procomún. El procomún digital ofrece muchos beneficios."
+msgid ""
+"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
+"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
+"why the market would engage with the commons. The digital commons offers "
+"many benefits."
+msgstr ""
+"Mientras puede parecer claro por qué las organizaciones basadas en el "
+"procomún quieren interactuar e involucrarse con el mercado (necesitan dinero "
+"para sobrevivir), puede ser menos obvio por qué el mercado podría "
+"involucrarse con el procomún. El procomún digital ofrece muchos beneficios."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:926
-msgid "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with all those in the commons empowered to share the resources they have access to. Those that are Made with Creative Commons have a reduced need for sales or marketing. Decentralized distribution amplifies supply and know-how."
-msgstr "El procomún acelera la diseminación. El flujo libre de los recursos en el procomún ofrece tremendas economías de escala. La distribución es descentralizado, con todas aquellas personas en el procomún empoderadas para compartir los recursos a los que tienen acceso. Aquellos que están Hechos con Creative Commons tienen una necesidad reducida de ventas o mercadeo. La distribución descentralizada amplifica el suministro y la experiencia."
+msgid ""
+"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
+"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
+"all those in the commons empowered to share the resources they have access "
+"to. Those that are Made with Creative Commons have a reduced need for sales "
+"or marketing. Decentralized distribution amplifies supply and know-how."
+msgstr ""
+"El procomún acelera la diseminación. El flujo libre de los recursos en el "
+"procomún ofrece tremendas economías de escala. La distribución es "
+"descentralizado, con todas aquellas personas en el procomún empoderadas para "
+"compartir los recursos a los que tienen acceso. Aquellos que están Hechos "
+"con Creative Commons tienen una necesidad reducida de ventas o mercadeo. La "
+"distribución descentralizada amplifica el suministro y la experiencia."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:937
-msgid "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
-msgstr ""
-"El procomún asegura el acceso para todas las personas. El mercado ha operado tradicionalmente poniendo recursos detrás de un muro de pagos, que requiere pagar primero antes del acceso. El procomún pone los recursos al descubierto, brindando acceso por adelantado sin pago. Los que están Hechos con Creative Commons hacen poco o ningún uso de la gestión de derechos digitales (DRM, por sus siglas en Inglés) para gestionar recursos. No usar DRM los libera de los costos de adquirir tecnología de DRM y recursos de personal para involucrarse en las prácticas punitivas asociadas con la restricción del acceso. La forma en la que el procomún brinda acceso a todas las personas nivela el campo de juego y promueve la inclusividad, equidad y "
+msgid ""
+"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
+"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
+"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without "
+"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of "
+"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees "
+"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage "
+"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the "
+"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes "
+"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
+msgstr ""
+"El procomún asegura el acceso para todas las personas. El mercado ha operado "
+"tradicionalmente poniendo recursos detrás de un muro de pagos, que requiere "
+"pagar primero antes del acceso. El procomún pone los recursos al "
+"descubierto, brindando acceso por adelantado sin pago. Los que están Hechos "
+"con Creative Commons hacen poco o ningún uso de la gestión de derechos "
+"digitales (DRM, por sus siglas en Inglés) para gestionar recursos. No usar "
+"DRM los libera de los costos de adquirir tecnología de DRM y recursos de "
+"personal para involucrarse en las prácticas punitivas asociadas con la "
+"restricción del acceso. La forma en la que el procomún brinda acceso a todas "
+"las personas nivela el campo de juego y promueve la inclusividad, equidad y "
"justicia."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:948
-msgid "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing your own, and mixing yours with others to create new works are all dynamic forms of participation made possible by the commons. Being Made with Creative Commons means you’re engaging as many users with your resources as possible. Users are also authoring, editing, remixing, curating, localizing, translating, and distributing. The commons makes it possible for people to directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even democracy, and many other socially beneficial practices."
-msgstr ""
-"El procomún maximiza la participación. Los recursos en el procomún pueden ser usados por todas las personas, y estas pueden contribuir. Usar los recursos de otros, contribuir los suyos propios, y mezclar los suyos con otros para crear nuevos trabajos son todas formas dinámicas de participación posibles gracias al procomún. Ser Hechos con Creative Commons significa que usted está involucrando tantos usuarios de sus recursos como es posible. Los usuarios también están creando, editando, remezclando, curando, haciendo localizaciones, traduciendo y distribuyendo. El procomún hace posible que las personas puedan participar de forma directa en la construcción de cultura y conocimiento, e incluso en la democracia y muchas otras practicas "
+msgid ""
+"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
+"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
+"your own, and mixing yours with others to create new works are all dynamic "
+"forms of participation made possible by the commons. Being Made with "
+"Creative Commons means you’re engaging as many users with your resources as "
+"possible. Users are also authoring, editing, remixing, curating, localizing, "
+"translating, and distributing. The commons makes it possible for people to "
+"directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even democracy, and "
+"many other socially beneficial practices."
+msgstr ""
+"El procomún maximiza la participación. Los recursos en el procomún pueden "
+"ser usados por todas las personas, y estas pueden contribuir. Usar los "
+"recursos de otros, contribuir los suyos propios, y mezclar los suyos con "
+"otros para crear nuevos trabajos son todas formas dinámicas de participación "
+"posibles gracias al procomún. Ser Hechos con Creative Commons significa que "
+"usted está involucrando tantos usuarios de sus recursos como es posible. Los "
+"usuarios también están creando, editando, remezclando, curando, haciendo "
+"localizaciones, traduciendo y distribuyendo. El procomún hace posible que "
+"las personas puedan participar de forma directa en la construcción de "
+"cultura y conocimiento, e incluso en la democracia y muchas otras practicas "
"que benefician a la sociedad."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:960
-msgid "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, customized, and improved results in derivative works never imagined by the original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely inside the organization to being in the community.37 Community-based innovation will keep an organization or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the resources and the relationship with the community."
-msgstr ""
-"El procomún estimula la innovación. Los recursos en manos de más personas que los pueden usar llevan a nuevas ideas. La forma en que los recursos del procomún pueden ser modificados, personalizados y mejorados resulta en trabajos derivados nunca imaginados por el creador original. Algunos esfuerzos que están Hechos con Creative Commons, de forma deliberada promueven que las personas usuarias tomen los recursos que están siendo compartidos, e innovar con estos. Hacer esto mueve la investigación y desarrollo (I&D) de estar únicamente dentro de la organización a estar en la acomunidad.37 La innovación basada en la comunidad mantendrá una organización o negocio alerta. Esta debe continuar contribuyendo nuevas ideas, absorbiendo y "
-"construyendo sobre las innovaciones de otras personas, y supervisar los recursos y la relación con la comunidad."
+msgid ""
+"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
+"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
+"customized, and improved results in derivative works never imagined by the "
+"original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons "
+"deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate "
+"them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely inside "
+"the organization to being in the community.37 Community-based innovation "
+"will keep an organization or business on its toes. It must continue to "
+"contribute new ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, "
+"and steward the resources and the relationship with the community."
+msgstr ""
+"El procomún estimula la innovación. Los recursos en manos de más personas "
+"que los pueden usar llevan a nuevas ideas. La forma en que los recursos del "
+"procomún pueden ser modificados, personalizados y mejorados resulta en "
+"trabajos derivados nunca imaginados por el creador original. Algunos "
+"esfuerzos que están Hechos con Creative Commons, de forma deliberada "
+"promueven que las personas usuarias tomen los recursos que están siendo "
+"compartidos, e innovar con estos. Hacer esto mueve la investigación y "
+"desarrollo (I&D) de estar únicamente dentro de la organización a estar en la "
+"acomunidad.37 La innovación basada en la comunidad mantendrá una "
+"organización o negocio alerta. Esta debe continuar contribuyendo nuevas "
+"ideas, absorbiendo y construyendo sobre las innovaciones de otras personas, "
+"y supervisar los recursos y la relación con la comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:970
-msgid "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally distributed but made and manufactured locally. Digital books or music being globally distributed but readings and concerts performed locally. The digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and build on their work both locally and globally."
+msgid ""
+"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
+"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
+"wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders "
+"between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often "
+"local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally "
+"distributed but made and manufactured locally. Digital books or music being "
+"globally distributed but readings and concerts performed locally. The "
+"digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and "
+"build on their work both locally and globally."
msgstr ""
"El procomún impulsa el alcance e impacto. El procomún digital es global. Los "
"recursos pueden ser creados por una necesidad local o regional, pero van por "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:982
-msgid "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through use are improved, personalized, and localized. Each use adds value. The market focuses on generating value for the business and the customer. The commons generates value for a broader range of beneficiaries including the business, the customer, the creator, the public, and the commons itself. The generative nature of the commons means that it is more cost-effective and produces a greater return on investment. Value is not just measured in financial terms. Each new resource added to the commons provides value to the public and contributes to the overall value of the commons."
+msgid ""
+"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
+"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
+"use are improved, personalized, and localized. Each use adds value. The "
+"market focuses on generating value for the business and the customer. The "
+"commons generates value for a broader range of beneficiaries including the "
+"business, the customer, the creator, the public, and the commons itself. The "
+"generative nature of the commons means that it is more cost-effective and "
+"produces a greater return on investment. Value is not just measured in "
+"financial terms. Each new resource added to the commons provides value to "
+"the public and contributes to the overall value of the commons."
msgstr ""
"El procomún es generativo. En lugar de extraer valor, el procomún agrega "
"valor. Los recursos digitalizados persisten sin agotarse, y a través del uso "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:995
msgid ""
-"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the common good. The costs and benefits for the individual are balanced with the costs and benefits for the community and for future generations. Resources are not anonymous or mass produced. Their provenance is known and acknowledged through attribution and other means. Those that are Made with Creative Commons generate awareness and reputation based on their contributions to the commons. The reach, impact, and sustainability of those contributions rest largely on their ability to forge relationships and connections with those who use and improve them. By functioning on the basis of social "
-"engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies people."
+"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
+"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
+"common good. The costs and benefits for the individual are balanced with the "
+"costs and benefits for the community and for future generations. Resources "
+"are not anonymous or mass produced. Their provenance is known and "
+"acknowledged through attribution and other means. Those that are Made with "
+"Creative Commons generate awareness and reputation based on their "
+"contributions to the commons. The reach, impact, and sustainability of those "
+"contributions rest largely on their ability to forge relationships and "
+"connections with those who use and improve them. By functioning on the "
+"basis of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies "
+"people."
msgstr ""
"El procomún reúne a las personas en una causa común. El procomún confiere a "
"las personas directamente la responsabilidad de gestionar los recursos por "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
-msgid "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state enterprises, choosing to manage resources as a commons ought to be the option of choice."
+msgid ""
+"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
+"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
+"enterprises, choosing to manage resources as a commons ought to be the "
+"option of choice."
msgstr ""
"Los beneficios del procomún son muchos. cuando estos beneficios se alinean "
"con objetivos de individuos, comunidades, negocios en el mercado, o empresas "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1002
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-26\"></span>Our Case Studies"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-26\"></span>Nuestros casos de estudio"
+msgid "Our Case Studies"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1011
-msgid "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself. They factor public interest into decisions, behavior, and practices. Transparency and trust are really important. Impact and success are measured against social aims expressed in mission statements, and are not just about the financial bottom line."
-msgstr "Las personas creadoras, organizaciones y negocios de nuestros casos de estudio operan sin fines de lucro, con fines de lucro y como empresas sociales. Sin importar el estado legal, todas estas tienen una misión social. Su principal razón de ser es hacer el mundo un lugar mejor, no las ganancias. El dinero es un medio para un fin social, no el fin mismo. Estas tienen en cuenta el interés público en las decisiones, el comportamiento y las prácticas. La transparencia y la confianza son realmente importantes. El impacto y el éxito son medidos contra los propósitos sociales expresados en la declaraciones de misión, y no son sólo acerca del resultado financiero final."
+msgid ""
+"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
+"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
+"they all have a social mission. Their primary reason for being is to make "
+"the world a better place, not to profit. Money is a means to a social end, "
+"not the end itself. They factor public interest into decisions, behavior, "
+"and practices. Transparency and trust are really important. Impact and "
+"success are measured against social aims expressed in mission statements, "
+"and are not just about the financial bottom line."
+msgstr ""
+"Las personas creadoras, organizaciones y negocios de nuestros casos de "
+"estudio operan sin fines de lucro, con fines de lucro y como empresas "
+"sociales. Sin importar el estado legal, todas estas tienen una misión "
+"social. Su principal razón de ser es hacer el mundo un lugar mejor, no las "
+"ganancias. El dinero es un medio para un fin social, no el fin mismo. Estas "
+"tienen en cuenta el interés público en las decisiones, el comportamiento y "
+"las prácticas. La transparencia y la confianza son realmente importantes. El "
+"impacto y el éxito son medidos contra los propósitos sociales expresados en "
+"la declaraciones de misión, y no son sólo acerca del resultado financiero "
+"final."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017
-msgid "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and sustainability, they emphasized their mission, practices, and means by which they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals are being met and how sustainable the enterprise is."
-msgstr "Los casos de estudios están basados en las narrativas que nos contaron las y los fundadores y el personal clave. En lugar de únicamente usar las finanzas como una medida de éxito y sostenibilidad, ellas hacen énfasis en su misión, practicas y medios por los cuales miden su éxito. Las métricas de éxito son una mezcla de cómo los objetivos sociales se están cumpliendo y qué tan sostenible es la empresa."
+msgid ""
+"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
+"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
+"sustainability, they emphasized their mission, practices, and means by which "
+"they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals are "
+"being met and how sustainable the enterprise is."
+msgstr ""
+"Los casos de estudios están basados en las narrativas que nos contaron las y "
+"los fundadores y el personal clave. En lugar de únicamente usar las finanzas "
+"como una medida de éxito y sostenibilidad, ellas hacen énfasis en su misión, "
+"practicas y medios por los cuales miden su éxito. Las métricas de éxito son "
+"una mezcla de cómo los objetivos sociales se están cumpliendo y qué tan "
+"sostenible es la empresa."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1025
-msgid "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the case studies produce digital resources. Those resources exist in many forms including books, designs, songs, research, data, cultural works, education materials, graphic icons, and video. Some are digital representations of physical resources. Others are born digital but can be made into physical resources."
-msgstr "Nuestros casos de estudio son diversos, variando desde la edición hasta la educación y producción. Todas nuestras organizaciones, negocios y personas creadoras en los casos de estudio producen recursos digitales. Estos recursos existen en muchas formas, incluyendo libros, diseños, canciones, investigación, datos, trabajos culturales, materiales educativos, iconos gráficos y vídeo. Algunos son representaciones digitales de recursos físicos. Otros nacen digitales pero pueden convertirse en recursos físicos."
+msgid ""
+"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
+"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
+"case studies produce digital resources. Those resources exist in many forms "
+"including books, designs, songs, research, data, cultural works, education "
+"materials, graphic icons, and video. Some are digital representations of "
+"physical resources. Others are born digital but can be made into physical "
+"resources."
+msgstr ""
+"Nuestros casos de estudio son diversos, variando desde la edición hasta la "
+"educación y producción. Todas nuestras organizaciones, negocios y personas "
+"creadoras en los casos de estudio producen recursos digitales. Estos "
+"recursos existen en muchas formas, incluyendo libros, diseños, canciones, "
+"investigación, datos, trabajos culturales, materiales educativos, iconos "
+"gráficos y vídeo. Algunos son representaciones digitales de recursos "
+"físicos. Otros nacen digitales pero pueden convertirse en recursos físicos."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1032
-msgid "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, all play a direct, participatory role in managing those resources, including their preservation, curation, distribution, and enhancement. Access and participation is open to all regardless of monetary means."
-msgstr "Ellos están creando nuevos recursos, o usando recursos de otras personas, o mezclando recursos existentes para hacer algo nuevo. Ellos, y su audiencia, todos juegan un rol directo y participativo en la gestión de estos recursos, incluyendo su preservación, curación, distribución y mejora. El acceso y la participación es abierta a todas las personas sin importar los medios monetarios."
+msgid ""
+"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
+"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
+"all play a direct, participatory role in managing those resources, including "
+"their preservation, curation, distribution, and enhancement. Access and "
+"participation is open to all regardless of monetary means."
+msgstr ""
+"Ellos están creando nuevos recursos, o usando recursos de otras personas, o "
+"mezclando recursos existentes para hacer algo nuevo. Ellos, y su audiencia, "
+"todos juegan un rol directo y participativo en la gestión de estos recursos, "
+"incluyendo su preservación, curación, distribución y mejora. El acceso y la "
+"participación es abierta a todas las personas sin importar los medios "
+"monetarios."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
-msgid "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come from nearly every continent in the world. To build and interact within this global community is conducive to success."
-msgstr "Y como personas usuarias de licencias Creative Commons, estas forman parte de forma automática de un procomún global. El nuevo procomún digital es global. Quienes perfilamos provienen de casi cada continente del mundo. Construir e interactuar en esta comunidad global conduce al éxito."
+msgid ""
+"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
+"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
+"from nearly every continent in the world. To build and interact within this "
+"global community is conducive to success."
+msgstr ""
+"Y como personas usuarias de licencias Creative Commons, estas forman parte "
+"de forma automática de un procomún global. El nuevo procomún digital es "
+"global. Quienes perfilamos provienen de casi cada continente del mundo. "
+"Construir e interactuar en esta comunidad global conduce al éxito."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1048
-msgid "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than following the letter of the law and acquiring financial means. Over and over we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the commons."
-msgstr ""
-"Las licencias Creative Commons pueden expresar reglas legales alrededor del uso de recursos en un procomún, pero el éxito en el procomún requiere más que seguir las palabras de la ley y adquirir medios financieros. Cada vez más oímos en nuestras entrevistas cómo el éxito y la sostenibilidad están ligados a un conjunto de creencias, valores y principios que están debajo de sus acciones: Dar más de lo que se recibe. Ser abiertos e inclusivos. Agregar valor. Visibilizar las cosas que se están usando del procomún, las que se están agregando, y lo que se está monetizando. Maximizar la abundancia. Dar atribución. Expresar gratitud. Desarrollar confianza; no explotar. Construir relación y comunidad. Ser transparente. Defender el procomún."
+msgid ""
+"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
+"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
+"following the letter of the law and acquiring financial means. Over and over "
+"we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set "
+"of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more "
+"than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are "
+"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. "
+"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; "
+"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the "
+"commons."
+msgstr ""
+"Las licencias Creative Commons pueden expresar reglas legales alrededor del "
+"uso de recursos en un procomún, pero el éxito en el procomún requiere más "
+"que seguir las palabras de la ley y adquirir medios financieros. Cada vez "
+"más oímos en nuestras entrevistas cómo el éxito y la sostenibilidad están "
+"ligados a un conjunto de creencias, valores y principios que están debajo de "
+"sus acciones: Dar más de lo que se recibe. Ser abiertos e inclusivos. "
+"Agregar valor. Visibilizar las cosas que se están usando del procomún, las "
+"que se están agregando, y lo que se está monetizando. Maximizar la "
+"abundancia. Dar atribución. Expresar gratitud. Desarrollar confianza; no "
+"explotar. Construir relación y comunidad. Ser transparente. Defender el "
+"procomún."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1055
-msgid "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still functioning within market and state systems. The commons generates benefits neither the market nor state can achieve on their own. Rather than the market or state dominating as primary means of resource management, a more balanced alternative is possible."
-msgstr "El nuevo procomún digital está aquí para quedarse. Los casos de estudio de Hecho con Creative Commons muestran cómo es posible ser parte de este procomún, mientras aún se funciona dentro de los sistemas del mercado y el Estado. El procomún genera beneficios que ni el mercado ni el Estado pueden alcanzar por sí mismos. En lugar de que el mercado o el Estado dominen como principales medios de gestión de recursos, una alternativa más balanceada es posible."
+msgid ""
+"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
+"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
+"functioning within market and state systems. The commons generates benefits "
+"neither the market nor state can achieve on their own. Rather than the "
+"market or state dominating as primary means of resource management, a more "
+"balanced alternative is possible."
+msgstr ""
+"El nuevo procomún digital está aquí para quedarse. Los casos de estudio de "
+"Hecho con Creative Commons muestran cómo es posible ser parte de este "
+"procomún, mientras aún se funciona dentro de los sistemas del mercado y el "
+"Estado. El procomún genera beneficios que ni el mercado ni el Estado pueden "
+"alcanzar por sí mismos. En lugar de que el mercado o el Estado dominen como "
+"principales medios de gestión de recursos, una alternativa más balanceada es "
+"posible."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1062
-msgid "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over time. Many more are joining and inventing new models. This overview aims to provide a framework and language for thinking and talking about the new digital commons. The remaining sections go deeper providing further guidance and insights on how it works."
-msgstr "El uso empresarial de Creative Commons apenas ha empezado. Los casos de estudio en este libro son simplemente puntos de inicio. Cada uno está cambiando y evolucionando con el tiempo. Muchos más se están uniendo e inventando nuevos modelos. Esta visión general intenta brindar un marco conceptual y un lenguaje para pensar y hablar acerca del nuevo procomún digital. Las secciones que quedan van más profundo para brindar una guía e ideas de cómo trabaja."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1064 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2290
+msgid ""
+"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
+"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
+"time. Many more are joining and inventing new models. This overview aims to "
+"provide a framework and language for thinking and talking about the new "
+"digital commons. The remaining sections go deeper providing further guidance "
+"and insights on how it works."
+msgstr ""
+"El uso empresarial de Creative Commons apenas ha empezado. Los casos de "
+"estudio en este libro son simplemente puntos de inicio. Cada uno está "
+"cambiando y evolucionando con el tiempo. Muchos más se están uniendo e "
+"inventando nuevos modelos. Esta visión general intenta brindar un marco "
+"conceptual y un lenguaje para pensar y hablar acerca del nuevo procomún "
+"digital. Las secciones que quedan van más profundo para brindar una guía e "
+"ideas de cómo trabaja."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2290
msgid "Notes"
msgstr "Notas"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
-msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
-msgstr "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
+msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
-msgid "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
-msgstr "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
+msgid ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
+msgstr ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
-msgid "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
-msgstr "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” en Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, y Katherine J. Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
+msgid ""
+"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
+"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
+msgstr ""
+"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” en Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, y Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
+"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
-msgid "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
-msgstr "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
+msgid ""
+"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
+"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
+msgstr ""
+"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
+"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
-msgid "Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons, 59."
-msgstr "Cole, “Learning from Lin,” en Frischmann, Madison, y Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons, 59."
+msgid ""
+"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
+"Knowledge Commons, 59."
+msgstr ""
+"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” en Frischmann, Madison, y Strandburg, Governing "
+"Knowledge Commons, 59."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1166
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-27\"></span>How"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-27\"></span>Cómo"
+msgid "How"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-28\"></span>to Be"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-28\"></span>ser"
+msgid "to Be"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-29\"></span>Made with"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-29\"></span>Hecho con"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-30\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-30\"></span>Creative"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-31\"></span>Commons"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-31\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "Made with"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1176
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1190
msgid ""
-"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. With the help of our Kickstarter backers, we chose twenty-four endeavors from all around the world that are Made with Creative Commons. The mix is diverse, from an individual musician to a university-textbook publisher to an electronics manufacturer. Some make their own content and share under Creative Commons licensing. Others are platforms for CC-licensed creative work made by others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
-"endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
+"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
+"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
+"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. With the help of our "
+"Kickstarter backers, we chose twenty-four endeavors from all around the "
+"world that are Made with Creative Commons. The mix is diverse, from an "
+"individual musician to a university-textbook publisher to an electronics "
+"manufacturer. Some make their own content and share under Creative Commons "
+"licensing. Others are platforms for CC-licensed creative work made by "
+"others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative "
+"work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
+"endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a "
+"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
msgstr ""
"Cuando empezamos este proyecto en agosto de 2015, nos dispusimos a escribir "
"sobre modelos de negocios que involucren licencias Creative Common en alguna "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
-msgid "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under Creative Commons licenses helped boost sales or increase reach. Using traditional measures of economic success, we tried to map these business models in a way that meaningfully incorporated the impact of Creative Commons. In our interviews, we dug into the motivations, the role of CC licenses, modes of revenue generation, definitions of success."
+msgid ""
+"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
+"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
+"Creative Commons licenses helped boost sales or increase reach. Using "
+"traditional measures of economic success, we tried to map these business "
+"models in a way that meaningfully incorporated the impact of Creative "
+"Commons. In our interviews, we dug into the motivations, the role of CC "
+"licenses, modes of revenue generation, definitions of success."
msgstr ""
"Analizamos los modelos de ingresos, segmentos de clientes y las "
"proposiciones de valor de cada esfuerzo. Buscamos formas que al poner su "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1203
-msgid "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and research."
+msgid ""
+"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
+"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
+"research."
msgstr ""
"Al corto tiempo, nos dimos cuenta que el libro que nos dispusimos a escribir "
"era bastante diferente del que se nos estaba revelando en nuestras "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1211
-msgid "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
+msgid ""
+"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
+"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
+"were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want "
+"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. "
+"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book "
+"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
msgstr ""
"No es que estábamos equivocados al pensar que se puede hacer dinero usando "
"licencias Creative Commons. En muchas instancias, CC puede ayudar a hacer "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1219
-msgid "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value.”1 Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, “Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”"
+msgid ""
+"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
+"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
+"captures value.”1 Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing "
+"value always felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something "
+"we heard time and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us "
+"in our interview with him, “Business model can mean anything you want it to "
+"mean.”"
msgstr ""
"De acuerdo con el manual seminal «Business Model Generation», un modelo de "
"negocios «describe la justificación de cómo una organización crea, entrega y "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1224
-msgid "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one piece of our analysis (and in more detail in the case studies), we scrapped that as our guiding rubric for the book."
+msgid ""
+"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
+"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
+"piece of our analysis (and in more detail in the case studies), we scrapped "
+"that as our guiding rubric for the book."
msgstr ""
"Eventualmente, lo entendimos. Ser Hecho con Creative Commons es más que un "
"modelo de negocios. Aunque hablaremos sobre modelos de ingresos específicos "
-"como una pieza de nuestro análisis (y en más detalle en los casos de estudio)"
-", lo descartamos como nuestro rubro guía para el libro."
+"como una pieza de nuestro análisis (y en más detalle en los casos de "
+"estudio), lo descartamos como nuestro rubro guía para el libro."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1232
-msgid "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill everything we learned from the case studies and write up the practical lessons and takeaways. I spent months trying to jam what we learned into the business-model box, convinced there must be some formula for the way things interacted. But there is no formula. You’ll probably have to discard that way of thinking before you read any further."
+msgid ""
+"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
+"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
+"everything we learned from the case studies and write up the practical "
+"lessons and takeaways. I spent months trying to jam what we learned into the "
+"business-model box, convinced there must be some formula for the way things "
+"interacted. But there is no formula. You’ll probably have to discard that "
+"way of thinking before you read any further."
msgstr ""
"Es cierto que me tomo mucho tiempo llegar ahí. Cuando Paul y yo dividimos "
"nuestros escritos después de terminar la investigación, mi trabajo era "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1242
-msgid "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, there was one constant. Being Made with Creative Commons may be good for business, but that is not why they do it. Sharing work with Creative Commons is, at its core, a moral decision. The commercial and other self-interested benefits are secondary. Most decided to use CC licenses first and found a revenue model later. This was our first hint that writing a book solely about the impact of sharing on business might be a little off track."
+msgid ""
+"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
+"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
+"there was one constant. Being Made with Creative Commons may be good for "
+"business, but that is not why they do it. Sharing work with Creative Commons "
+"is, at its core, a moral decision. The commercial and other self-interested "
+"benefits are secondary. Most decided to use CC licenses first and found a "
+"revenue model later. This was our first hint that writing a book solely "
+"about the impact of sharing on business might be a little off track."
msgstr ""
"En cada entrevista, empezamos con las mismas preguntas simples. En medio de "
"toda la diversidad entre todas las personas creadoras, organizaciones y "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1248
-msgid "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, it was clear that it meant something more than using a copyright license. It also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and that symbolism has many layers."
+msgid ""
+"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
+"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
+"it was clear that it meant something more than using a copyright license. It "
+"also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and "
+"that symbolism has many layers."
msgstr ""
"Pero también empezamos a darnos cuenta de algo de lo que significa ser Hecho "
"con Creative Commons. Cuando las personas nos hablaron acerca de cómo y por "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1259
-msgid "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC licenses and nearly infinite ways to be Made with Creative Commons, the basic value system is rooted in a fundamental belief that knowledge and creativity are building blocks of our culture rather than just commodities from which to extract market value. These values reflect a belief that the common good should always be part of the equation when we determine how to regulate our cultural outputs. They reflect a belief that everyone has something to contribute, and that no one can own our shared culture. They reflect a belief in the promise of sharing."
+msgid ""
+"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
+"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
+"licenses and nearly infinite ways to be Made with Creative Commons, the "
+"basic value system is rooted in a fundamental belief that knowledge and "
+"creativity are building blocks of our culture rather than just commodities "
+"from which to extract market value. These values reflect a belief that the "
+"common good should always be part of the equation when we determine how to "
+"regulate our cultural outputs. They reflect a belief that everyone has "
+"something to contribute, and that no one can own our shared culture. They "
+"reflect a belief in the promise of sharing."
msgstr ""
"En un nivel, ser Hecho con Creative Commons expresa una afinidad por los "
"valores de Creative Commons. Aunque hay muchos diferentes sabores de "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1269
-msgid "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of connection."
+msgid ""
+"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
+"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
+"interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create "
+"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the "
+"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a "
+"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be "
+"a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than "
+"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of "
+"connection."
msgstr ""
"Ya sea que el público haga uso de la oportunidad de copiar y adaptar su "
"trabajo o no, compartir con una licencia Creative Commons es un símbolo de "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1275
-msgid "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives what you do. In our interviews, we always asked what success looked like for them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper purpose and a different vision of success."
+msgid ""
+"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
+"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
+"what you do. In our interviews, we always asked what success looked like for "
+"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper "
+"purpose and a different vision of success."
msgstr ""
"Ser Hecho con Creative Commons no solo demuestra valores conectados a CC y "
"el compartir. También demuestra que algo más que las ganancias dirigen lo "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1286
-msgid "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start doing what they do for love.”2 But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”"
+msgid ""
+"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
+"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
+"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start "
+"doing what they do for love.”2 But when you share your creative work under a "
+"CC license, that dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for "
+"technological innovators, it is often less about creating a specific new "
+"thing that will make you rich and more about solving a specific problem you "
+"have. The creators of Arduino told us that the key question when creating "
+"something is “Do you as the creator want to use it? It has to have personal "
+"use and meaning.”"
msgstr ""
"La motivación impulsora varía dependiendo del tipo de esfuerzo. Para "
"personas creadoras, es por lo general acerca de inspiración personal. En "
"pronunciada. De forja similar, para las personas que innovan con tecnología, "
"por lo general es menos acerca de crear una nueva cosa específica que las "
"hará ricas, y más acerca de resolver un problema específico que tienen. Los "
-"creadores de Arduino nos contaron que la pregunta clave al crear algo es «¿"
-"Usted, como el creador, querría usarlo? Tiene que tener un uso y significado "
-"personal.»"
+"creadores de Arduino nos contaron que la pregunta clave al crear algo es "
+"«¿Usted, como el creador, querría usarlo? Tiene que tener un uso y "
+"significado personal.»"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1295
-msgid "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons expressly advances that social mission, and using the licenses can be the difference between legitimacy and hypocrisy. Noun Project co-founder Edward Boatman told us they could not have stated their social mission of sharing with a straight face if they weren’t willing to show the world that it was OK to share their content using a Creative Commons license."
+msgid ""
+"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
+"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
+"expressly advances that social mission, and using the licenses can be the "
+"difference between legitimacy and hypocrisy. Noun Project co-founder Edward "
+"Boatman told us they could not have stated their social mission of sharing "
+"with a straight face if they weren’t willing to show the world that it was "
+"OK to share their content using a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
"Muchos que son Hechos con Creative Commons tienen una misión social expresa "
"que sustenta todo lo que hacen. En muchos casos, compartir con Creative "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
-msgid "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of love or a tool to drive social change, and money is like gas in the car, something that you need to keep going but not an end in itself. Being Made with Creative Commons is a different vision of a business or livelihood, where profit is not paramount, and producing social good and human connection are integral to success."
+msgid ""
+"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
+"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
+"love or a tool to drive social change, and money is like gas in the car, "
+"something that you need to keep going but not an end in itself. Being Made "
+"with Creative Commons is a different vision of a business or livelihood, "
+"where profit is not paramount, and producing social good and human "
+"connection are integral to success."
msgstr ""
"Esta dinámica es probablemente una razón por la cual hay tantos ejemplos de "
"ser Hecho con Creative Commons en organizaciones sin fines de lucro. El "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1307
-msgid "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make enough money to keep the lights on."
+msgid ""
+"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
+"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
+"enough money to keep the lights on."
msgstr ""
"Incluso si la ganancia no es el objetivo final, hay que producir dinero para "
"ser Hecho con Creative Commons con éxito. Como mínimo, hay que hacer "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1317
#, fuzzy
-msgid "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”"
+msgid ""
+"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
+"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
+"for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever "
+"to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his "
+"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned "
+"into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is "
+"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of "
+"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”"
msgstr ""
"Los costos de hacer negocios varían mucho para aquellos hechos con CC, pero "
"por lo general hay un límite mucho menor para la sostenibilidad que el que "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1328
-msgid "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a painting. Technology can’t change that. But other costs are dramatically reduced by technology, particularly in production-heavy domains like filmmaking.3 CC-licensed content and content in the public domain, as well as the work of volunteer collaborators, can also dramatically reduce costs if they’re being used as resources to create something new. And, of course, there is the reality that some content would be created whether or not the creator is paid because it is a labor of love."
+msgid ""
+"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
+"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
+"painting. Technology can’t change that. But other costs are dramatically "
+"reduced by technology, particularly in production-heavy domains like "
+"filmmaking.3 CC-licensed content and content in the public domain, as well "
+"as the work of volunteer collaborators, can also dramatically reduce costs "
+"if they’re being used as resources to create something new. And, of course, "
+"there is the reality that some content would be created whether or not the "
+"creator is paid because it is a labor of love."
msgstr ""
"Algunos costos de creación son los mismos que siempre han sido. Toma la "
"misma cantidad de tiempo y dinero escribir un artículo para una revista con "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1338
-msgid "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 The costs to distribute physical copies are still significant, but lower than they have been historically. And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there can be a whole host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, and even expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like touring or custom training."
+msgid ""
+"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
+"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
+"The costs to distribute physical copies are still significant, but lower "
+"than they have been historically. And it is now much easier to print and "
+"distribute physical copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on "
+"the endeavor, there can be a whole host of other possible expenses like "
+"marketing and promotion, and even expenses associated with the various ways "
+"money is being made, like touring or custom training."
msgstr ""
"Distribuir contenido es casi universalmente más barato que nunca. Una vez "
"que el contenido es creado, los costos de distribuir copias digitales son "
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1351
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds of ways to do it without them.”5 Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do "
-"the work themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a lot more modest."
+"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
+"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
+"distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their "
+"potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record "
+"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never "
+"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your "
+"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the "
+"assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds "
+"of ways to do it without them.”5 Previously, distribution of creative work "
+"involved the costs associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now "
+"creators can do the work themselves. That means the financial needs of "
+"creative endeavors can be a lot more modest."
msgstr ""
"Es importante reconocer que el mayor impacto de la tecnología en esfuerzos "
"creativos es que las personas creadoras ahora pueden pagar los costos de "
"usted un creador que nunca ha recibido su momento por parte de los grandes "
"poderes del imperio, este es su momento. Donde alguna vez no tenía medios "
"para alcanzar una audiencia sin la asistencia de las megacompañías que "
-"dominan la industria, ahora tiene cientos de formas para hacerlo sin ellas.»"
-"5 Antes, la distribución de trabajos creativos involucraba costos asociados "
-"con mantener una entidad monolítica, ahora las personas creadoras pueden "
-"hacer el trabajo ellas mismas. Esto significa que las necesidades "
+"dominan la industria, ahora tiene cientos de formas para hacerlo sin "
+"ellas.»5 Antes, la distribución de trabajos creativos involucraba costos "
+"asociados con mantener una entidad monolítica, ahora las personas creadoras "
+"pueden hacer el trabajo ellas mismas. Esto significa que las necesidades "
"financieras de los esfuerzos creativos pueden ser mucho más modestas."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1362
-msgid "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going day to day.”"
+msgid ""
+"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
+"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
+"You need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit "
+"looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those "
+"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot "
+"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It "
+"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. "
+"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
+"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going "
+"day to day.”"
msgstr ""
"Ya sea para una persona creadora o para un esfuerzo más grande, usualmente "
"no es suficiente apenas cubrir los gastos si se quiere hacer lo que se hace "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
-msgid "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much at an experimental stage. The creators, organizations, and businesses we profile in this book are blazing the trail and adapting in real time as they pursue this new way of operating."
+msgid ""
+"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
+"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
+"at an experimental stage. The creators, organizations, and businesses we "
+"profile in this book are blazing the trail and adapting in real time as they "
+"pursue this new way of operating."
msgstr ""
"Este libro es un testamento de la noción de que es posible hacer dinero "
"mientras se usan licencias CC y contenido licenciado con CC, pero también "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372
-msgid "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve “problem zero.”"
+msgid ""
+"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
+"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
+"“problem zero.”"
msgstr ""
"Sin embargo, hay muchas formas en las que el licenciamiento CC puede ser "
"bueno para negocios de formas bastantes predecibles. La primera es cómo "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1374
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-32\"></span>Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-32\"></span>Problema Cero: ser descubierto"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1389
msgid ""
-"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.”6 There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass “hits” and more about micromarkets for every "
-"particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.”7 We are no longer limited to what appeals to the masses."
+"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
+"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
+"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean "
+"something, for anything to work at all.”6 There isn’t any magic to finding "
+"your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to connect "
+"with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some "
+"ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf space, so "
+"there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need imaginable. This "
+"is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where consumption becomes less "
+"about mainstream mass “hits” and more about micromarkets for every "
+"particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We are all different, with different "
+"wants and needs, and the Internet now has a place for all of them in the way "
+"that physical markets did not.”7 We are no longer limited to what appeals to "
+"the masses."
msgstr ""
"Una vez que se crea o colecciona el contenido, el siguiente paso es "
"encontrar usuarios, clientes y fanáticos—en otras palabras, su gente. Como "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1402
msgid ""
-"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well.8 Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur content instead of professional content.”9 To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.”10 "
-"Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by the right people."
+"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
+"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
+"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows "
+"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for "
+"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing "
+"against creativity generated outside the market as well.8 Anderson wrote, "
+"“The greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people "
+"spend consuming amateur content instead of professional content.”9 To top it "
+"all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too—“friends, "
+"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.”10 Somehow, "
+"some way, you have to get noticed by the right people."
msgstr ""
"Aunque encontrar a «su gente» en línea es en teoría más sencillo que en el "
"mundo analógico, como un asunto práctico puede aún ser difícil ser realmente "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
msgid ""
-"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there is even any demand for it. In many cases, requiring payment for your work is part of the traditional copyright system. Even a tiny cost has a big effect on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large difference in demand between something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” "
-"prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is counterproductive."
+"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
+"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
+"is even any demand for it. In many cases, requiring payment for your work is "
+"part of the traditional copyright system. Even a tiny cost has a big effect "
+"on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large difference in demand between "
+"something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of "
+"zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It "
+"simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on "
+"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. "
+"If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting "
+"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
+"counterproductive."
msgstr ""
"Al entrar a la Internet armaos con una mentalidad de todos los derechos "
"reservados desde el inicio, con frecuencia está restringiendo el acceso a su "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1419
-msgid "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”12"
+msgid ""
+"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
+"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
+"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”12"
msgstr ""
"Por supuesto, no es que ser descubierto por personas a las que les gusta su "
"trabajo le hará rico—lejos de eso. Pero como Cory Doctorow dice, «El "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1428
-msgid "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit company that publishes online educational materials, made an early decision not to prevent students from accessing their content, even in the form of a tiny paywall, because it would negatively impact student success in a way that would undermine the social mission behind what they do. They believe this decision has generated an immense amount of goodwill within the community."
+msgid ""
+"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
+"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
+"company that publishes online educational materials, made an early decision "
+"not to prevent students from accessing their content, even in the form of a "
+"tiny paywall, because it would negatively impact student success in a way "
+"that would undermine the social mission behind what they do. They believe "
+"this decision has generated an immense amount of goodwill within the "
+"community."
msgstr ""
"Escoger no gastar tiempo y energía en restringir el acceso a su trabajo y "
"vigilar violaciones también construye buena voluntad. Lumen Learning, una "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1435
-msgid "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.”13"
+msgid ""
+"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
+"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
+"work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it "
+"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to "
+"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.”13"
msgstr ""
"No es solo que restringir el acceso a su trabajo puede socavar su misión "
"social. También puede alienar a las personas que valoras más su trabajo "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1443
-msgid "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and convenient to ever fully stop it. Try as the copyright industry might to persuade us otherwise, copying a copyrighted work just doesn’t feel like stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing a creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it."
+msgid ""
+"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
+"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
+"convenient to ever fully stop it. Try as the copyright industry might to "
+"persuade us otherwise, copying a copyrighted work just doesn’t feel like "
+"stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing "
+"a creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it."
msgstr ""
"El hecho de que copiar puede traer penas criminales sin duda desalienta a "
"copiarlo, pero copiar con el clic de un botón es demasiado fácil y "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1457
msgid ""
-"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling "
-"digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them."
+"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
+"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
+"playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your "
+"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money "
+"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they "
+"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-"
+"resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and "
+"making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
+"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared "
+"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from "
+"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all "
+"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them."
msgstr ""
"Si da por sentado cierta cantidad de copias e intercambio de su trabajo, "
"puede investir su tiempo y recursos en otra cosa, en lugar de gastarlos "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1465
-msgid "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the potentially abundant resource it is.14 When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”"
+msgid ""
+"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
+"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
+"potentially abundant resource it is.14 When you see information abundance as "
+"a feature, not a bug, you start thinking about the ways to use the idling "
+"capacity of your content to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric "
+"Steuer once said, “Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”"
msgstr ""
"Ser Hecho con Creative Commons significa dejar de pensar sobre formas de "
"hacer su contenido artificialmente escaso, y en lugar de eso aprovecharlo "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
-msgid "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 Similarly, the makers of the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their hardware, so they decided not to even try and instead look for the benefits of being open. For them, the result is one of the most ubiquitous pieces of hardware in the world, with a thriving online community of tinkerers and innovators that have done things with their work they never could have done otherwise."
+msgid ""
+"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
+"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
+"Similarly, the makers of the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop "
+"people from copying their hardware, so they decided not to even try and "
+"instead look for the benefits of being open. For them, the result is one of "
+"the most ubiquitous pieces of hardware in the world, with a thriving online "
+"community of tinkerers and innovators that have done things with their work "
+"they never could have done otherwise."
msgstr ""
"Cory Doctorow dice que no le cuesta nada cuando otras personas hacen copias "
"de su trabajo, y esto abre la posibilidad de que el pueda obtener algo a "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477
-msgid "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to your benefit. Here are a few."
+msgid ""
+"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
+"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
"Hay muchas formas de aprovechar el poder de compartir y remezclar para su "
"beneficio. Aquí hay unas cuantas."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1479
#, fuzzy
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-33\"></span>Use CC to grow a larger audience"
+msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
"<span id=\"anchor-33\"></span>Usar CC para generar una audiencia más grande"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1489
-msgid "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work certainly can’t hurt the chances that your work will be shared. The CC license symbolizes that sharing is welcome. It can act as a little tap on the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?"
+msgid ""
+"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
+"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
+"certainly can’t hurt the chances that your work will be shared. The CC "
+"license symbolizes that sharing is welcome. It can act as a little tap on "
+"the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if "
+"they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of "
+"content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is "
+"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?"
msgstr ""
"El poner una licencia Creative Commons en su contenido no lo hará viral de "
"forma automática, pero eliminar barreras legales para copiar su trabajo "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496
-msgid "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
+msgid ""
+"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
+"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
+"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
+"proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to "
+"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
"The Conversation es un sitio de noticias en línea con artículos profundos "
"escritos por personas académicas que son expertas en temas particulares. "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1508
#, fuzzy
-msgid "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well put things everywhere.”16 This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to spread."
+msgid ""
+"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
+"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
+"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are "
+"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying "
+"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well "
+"put things everywhere.”16 This strategy is what often motivates companies to "
+"make their products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic "
+"applies to making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is "
+"free (as in cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more "
+"accessible and likely to spread."
msgstr ""
"La idea de que más ojos es igual a más éxito es una forma de la estrategia "
"de máximo, adoptada por Google y otras compañías de tecnología. De acuerdo "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516
-msgid "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18"
+msgid ""
+"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
+"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
+"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work "
+"spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply "
+"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large "
+"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18"
msgstr ""
"Si tiene éxito alcanzando más personas usuarias, lectoras, oyentes u otros "
"clientes para su trabajo, puede empezar a beneficiarse del efecto de "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1519
#, fuzzy
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-34\"></span>Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
+msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
"<span id=\"anchor-34\"></span>Usar CC para obtener atribución y "
"reconocimiento de nombre"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1534
msgid ""
-"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of "
-"circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of fairness as providing credit."
+"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
+"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
+"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does "
+"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give "
+"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social "
+"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate "
+"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms "
+"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the "
+"marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes "
+"on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people "
+"are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case "
+"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of "
+"fairness as providing credit."
msgstr ""
"Cada licencia Creative Commons requiere que se de crédito a la persona "
"autora, y que quienes lo reutilicen brinden un enlace de vuelta a la fuente "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1545
-msgid "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having the most people see and cite your work."
+msgid ""
+"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
+"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
+"a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based "
+"on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge "
+"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-"
+"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the "
+"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
+"license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the "
+"most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having "
+"the most people see and cite your work."
msgstr ""
"El hecho de que el nombre de la persona creadora sigue a un trabajo "
"licenciado con CC hace a las licencias un medio importante para desarrollar "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1557
-msgid "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content came from—the source of a work is sometimes just as interesting as the work itself. Opendesk is a platform for furniture designers to share their designs. Consumers who like those designs can then get matched with local makers who turn the designs into real-life furniture. The fact that I, sitting in the middle of the United States, can pick out a design created by a designer in Tokyo and then use a maker within my own community to transform the design into something tangible is part of the power of their platform. The provenance of the design is a special part of the product."
+msgid ""
+"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
+"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
+"came from—the source of a work is sometimes just as interesting as the work "
+"itself. Opendesk is a platform for furniture designers to share their "
+"designs. Consumers who like those designs can then get matched with local "
+"makers who turn the designs into real-life furniture. The fact that I, "
+"sitting in the middle of the United States, can pick out a design created by "
+"a designer in Tokyo and then use a maker within my own community to "
+"transform the design into something tangible is part of the power of their "
+"platform. The provenance of the design is a special part of the product."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1565
-msgid "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source is more valuable than ever."
+msgid ""
+"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
+"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
+"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a "
+"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online "
+"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source "
+"is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-35\"></span>Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
+msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1574
-msgid "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the CC-licensed work. Sometimes that other product or service is completely unrelated to the CC content. Other times it’s a physical copy or live performance of the CC content. In all cases, the CC content can attract people to your other product or service."
+msgid ""
+"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
+"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
+"CC-licensed work. Sometimes that other product or service is completely "
+"unrelated to the CC content. Other times it’s a physical copy or live "
+"performance of the CC content. In all cases, the CC content can attract "
+"people to your other product or service."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1587
msgid ""
-"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases sales of the printed goods because it functions as a marketing tool. We see this phenomenon regularly with famous artwork. The Mona Lisa is likely the most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
+"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
+"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
+"sales of the printed goods because it functions as a marketing tool. We see "
+"this phenomenon regularly with famous artwork. The Mona Lisa is likely the "
+"most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of "
+"catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical "
+"goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more "
+"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. "
+"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free "
+"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
-msgid "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity is a CC-licensed card game available as a free download. And because of this (thanks to the CC license on the game), the creators say it is one of the best-marketed games in the world, and they have never spent a dime on marketing. The textbook publisher OpenStax has also avoided hiring a marketing team. Their products are free, or cheaper to buy in the case of physical copies, which makes them much more attractive to students who then demand them from their universities. They also partner with service providers who build atop the CC-licensed content and, in turn, spend money and"
+msgid ""
+"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
+"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
+"is a CC-licensed card game available as a free download. And because of this "
+"(thanks to the CC license on the game), the creators say it is one of the "
+"best-marketed games in the world, and they have never spent a dime on "
+"marketing. The textbook publisher OpenStax has also avoided hiring a "
+"marketing team. Their products are free, or cheaper to buy in the case of "
+"physical copies, which makes them much more attractive to students who then "
+"demand them from their universities. They also partner with service "
+"providers who build atop the CC-licensed content and, in turn, spend money "
+"and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1602
-msgid "resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax textbooks)."
+msgid ""
+"resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax "
+"textbooks)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-36\"></span>Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
+msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1610
-msgid "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital technology. The Internet opened up a whole new world of possibilities for public participation in creative work."
+msgid ""
+"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
+"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
+"technology. The Internet opened up a whole new world of possibilities for "
+"public participation in creative work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1620
-msgid "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+msgid ""
+"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
+"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
+"wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, "
+"transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, "
+"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the "
+"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. "
+"With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content "
+"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to "
+"adapt a photo is less important."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1632
-msgid "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they don’t think as much about how they consume them.”22 If even the tiny act of volition of paying one penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.23 We know that people will pay more for products they had a part in creating.24 And we know that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something created by someone else.25"
+msgid ""
+"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
+"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
+"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they "
+"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”22 If even the tiny act of "
+"volition of paying one penny for something changes our perception of that "
+"thing, then surely the act of remixing it enhances our perception "
+"exponentially.23 We know that people will pay more for products they had a "
+"part in creating.24 And we know that creating something, no matter what "
+"quality, brings with it a type of creative satisfaction that can never be "
+"replaced by consuming something created by someone else.25"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1640
-msgid "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work."
+msgid ""
+"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
+"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
+"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, "
+"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as "
+"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the "
+"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied "
+"to your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1642
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-37\"></span>Use CC to differentiate yourself"
+msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1654
-msgid "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that are embedded in the traditional copyright system, like using digital rights management (DRM) and signing exclusivity contracts, can tie the hands of creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best interest.27 Being Made with Creative Commons means you can function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David said. “Change the rules of engagement.”"
+msgid ""
+"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
+"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
+"are embedded in the traditional copyright system, like using digital rights "
+"management (DRM) and signing exclusivity contracts, can tie the hands of "
+"creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best interest.27 Being Made "
+"with Creative Commons means you can function without those barriers and, in "
+"many cases, use the increased openness as a competitive advantage. David "
+"Harris from OpenStax said they specifically pursue strategies they know that "
+"traditional publishers cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the "
+"incumbent rules,” David said. “Change the rules of engagement.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-38\"></span>Making Money"
+msgid "Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1668
-msgid "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding operates.28 But in many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, where the recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard market transaction. In still other"
+msgid ""
+"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
+"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
+"Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually "
+"beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, "
+"governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out "
+"of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding "
+"operates.28 But in many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that "
+"are Made with Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, "
+"where the recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard "
+"market transaction. In still other"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
-msgid "cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a sense of reciprocity."
+msgid ""
+"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that "
+"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a "
+"sense of reciprocity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
-msgid "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not.”29"
+msgid ""
+"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
+"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
+"funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are "
+"particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) "
+"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets "
+"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not.”29"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1687
-msgid "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed. There is nuance hidden within the specific ways each of them makes money, so it is a bit dangerous to generalize too much about what we learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of abstraction can be instructive."
+msgid ""
+"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
+"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
+"interviewed. There is nuance hidden within the specific ways each of them "
+"makes money, so it is a bit dangerous to generalize too much about what we "
+"learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of "
+"abstraction can be instructive."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-39\"></span>Market-based revenue streams"
+msgid "Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1696
-msgid "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are Made with Creative Commons, the content you provide is available for free and not a market commodity. Like the ubiquitous freemium business model, any possible market transaction with a consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you provide.31"
+msgid ""
+"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
+"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
+"Made with Creative Commons, the content you provide is available for free "
+"and not a market commodity. Like the ubiquitous freemium business model, any "
+"possible market transaction with a consumer of your content has to be based "
+"on some added value you provide.31"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1710
msgid ""
-"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the Internet makes a universe of content available to all of us for free, it is difficult to get people to pay for content online. The struggling newspaper industry is a testament to this fact. This is compounded by the fact that at least some amount of copying is probably inevitable. That means you may end up competing with free versions of your own content, whether you condone it or not.32 If people can easily find your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, particularly in a context where access to content is more important than owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, "
-"“Copyright protection schemes, whether coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the force of gravity.”"
+"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
+"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
+"Internet makes a universe of content available to all of us for free, it is "
+"difficult to get people to pay for content online. The struggling newspaper "
+"industry is a testament to this fact. This is compounded by the fact that at "
+"least some amount of copying is probably inevitable. That means you may end "
+"up competing with free versions of your own content, whether you condone it "
+"or not.32 If people can easily find your content for free, getting people to "
+"buy it will be difficult, particularly in a context where access to content "
+"is more important than owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright "
+"protection schemes, whether coded into either law or software, are simply "
+"holding up a price against the force of gravity.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
-msgid "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, “It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least different from the free version.”33"
+msgid ""
+"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
+"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
+"or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the "
+"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a "
+"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the "
+"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, "
+"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least "
+"different from the free version.”33"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
-msgid "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the digital age. In fact, they may even have an advantage because they can use the abundance of content to derive revenue from something scarce. They can also benefit from the goodwill that stems from the values behind being Made with Creative Commons."
+msgid ""
+"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
+"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
+"digital age. In fact, they may even have an advantage because they can use "
+"the abundance of content to derive revenue from something scarce. They can "
+"also benefit from the goodwill that stems from the values behind being Made "
+"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1731
-msgid "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or"
+msgid ""
+"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
+"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
+"lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content "
+"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-40\"></span>Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid ""
+"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1747
-msgid "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information (everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information (you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
+msgid ""
+"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
+"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
+"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information "
+"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
+"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 "
+"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services "
+"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1750
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-41\"></span>Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
msgid ""
-"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content and atoms refer to a physical object).35 This is particularly successful in domains where the digital version of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book publishing where a significant subset of people still prefer reading something they can hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content isn’t useful until it is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those situations, a significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience of having someone else put the physical version together for them. Some endeavors squeeze even more out of this revenue "
-"stream by using a Creative Commons license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else can sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This strategy of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for items like books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be the same quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service from another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, the provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the same works based on quality, service, or other traditional business principles."
+"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
+"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
+"and atoms refer to a physical object).35 This is particularly successful in "
+"domains where the digital version of the content isn’t as valuable as the "
+"analog version, like book publishing where a significant subset of people "
+"still prefer reading something they can hold in their hands. Or in domains "
+"where the content isn’t useful until it is in physical form, like furniture "
+"designs. In those situations, a significant portion of consumers will pay "
+"for the convenience of having someone else put the physical version together "
+"for them. Some endeavors squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by "
+"using a Creative Commons license that only allows noncommercial uses, which "
+"means no one else can sell physical copies of their work in competition with "
+"them. This strategy of reserving commercial rights can be particularly "
+"important for items like books, where every printed copy of the same work is "
+"likely to be the same quality, so it is harder to differentiate one "
+"publishing service from another. On the other hand, for items like furniture "
+"or electronics, the provider of the physical goods can compete with other "
+"providers of the same works based on quality, service, or other traditional "
+"business principles."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-42\"></span>Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1782
-msgid "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
+msgid ""
+"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
+"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
+"digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face "
+"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-"
+"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
+"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1784
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-43\"></span>Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
-msgid "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest to the power of a good concert T-shirt. This can also be an important revenue stream for museums and galleries."
+msgid ""
+"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
+"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
+"to the power of a good concert T-shirt. This can also be an important "
+"revenue stream for museums and galleries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1800
-msgid "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In these revenue streams, the free content is being subsidized by an entirely different category of people or businesses. Often, those people or businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services you can provide as well."
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
+"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
+"these revenue streams, the free content is being subsidized by an entirely "
+"different category of people or businesses. Often, those people or "
+"businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the "
+"content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the "
+"offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a "
+"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 "
+"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—"
+"there are other services you can provide as well."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-44\"></span>Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
-msgid "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall endeavor."
+msgid ""
+"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
+"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
+"reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their "
+"audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the "
+"number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become "
+"essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
+"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. "
+"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be "
+"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall "
+"endeavor."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-45\"></span>Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
-msgid "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation website."
+msgid ""
+"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
+"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
+"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. "
+"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” "
+"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of "
+"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
+"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have "
+"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation "
+"website."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-46\"></span>Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1840
-msgid "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms make money when service providers transact with their customers; for example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
+msgid ""
+"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
+"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
+"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-"
+"licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when "
+"creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms "
+"make money when service providers transact with their customers; for "
+"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker "
+"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1843
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-47\"></span>Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1850
-msgid "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service model directed at the creators that provide the content they feature. The data platforms Figure.NZ and Figshare both capitalize on this model by providing paid tools to help their users make the data they contribute to the platform more discoverable and reusable."
+msgid ""
+"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
+"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
+"model directed at the creators that provide the content they feature. The "
+"data platforms Figure.NZ and Figshare both capitalize on this model by "
+"providing paid tools to help their users make the data they contribute to "
+"the platform more discoverable and reusable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-48\"></span>Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1861
-msgid "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with quality, credibility, or even an ethos can license that trademark to companies that want to take advantage of that goodwill. By definition, trademarks are scarce because they represent a particular source of a good or service. Charging for the ability to use that trademark is a way of deriving revenue from something scarce while taking advantage of the abundance of CC content."
+msgid ""
+"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
+"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
+"quality, credibility, or even an ethos can license that trademark to "
+"companies that want to take advantage of that goodwill. By definition, "
+"trademarks are scarce because they represent a particular source of a good "
+"or service. Charging for the ability to use that trademark is a way of "
+"deriving revenue from something scarce while taking advantage of the "
+"abundance of CC content."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-49\"></span>Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
+msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
-msgid "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the endeavors we analyzed were making money. It was not simply about monetizing scarcity."
+msgid ""
+"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
+"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
+"endeavors we analyzed were making money. It was not simply about monetizing "
+"scarcity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1878
-msgid "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more about providing value, building a relationship, and then eventually finding some money that flows back out of a sense of reciprocity. While some look like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value given and received is strictly equal.”"
+msgid ""
+"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
+"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
+"about providing value, building a relationship, and then eventually finding "
+"some money that flows back out of a sense of reciprocity. While some look "
+"like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor "
+"exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way "
+"that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think "
+"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value "
+"given and received is strictly equal.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1884
-msgid "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the human species survive and evolve.”"
+msgid ""
+"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
+"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
+"Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human "
+"identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the "
+"human species survive and evolve.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
-msgid "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of relationships in the market as being centered on an even-steven exchange of value.41"
+msgid ""
+"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
+"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
+"relationships in the market as being centered on an even-steven exchange of "
+"value.41"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1892
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-50\"></span>Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1904
-msgid "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the reciprocal relationship that is cultivated with the beneficiaries of their work. The bigger the pool of those receiving value from the content, the more likely this strategy will work, given that only a small percentage of people are likely to contribute. Since using CC licenses can grease the wheels for content to reach more people, this strategy can be more effective for endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons. The greater the argument that the content is a public good or that the entire endeavor is furthering a social mission, the more likely this strategy is to succeed."
+msgid ""
+"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
+"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
+"reciprocal relationship that is cultivated with the beneficiaries of their "
+"work. The bigger the pool of those receiving value from the content, the "
+"more likely this strategy will work, given that only a small percentage of "
+"people are likely to contribute. Since using CC licenses can grease the "
+"wheels for content to reach more people, this strategy can be more effective "
+"for endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons. The greater the argument "
+"that the content is a public good or that the entire endeavor is furthering "
+"a social mission, the more likely this strategy is to succeed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1907
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-51\"></span>The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
-msgid "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
+msgid ""
+"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
+"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
+"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. "
+"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are "
+"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of "
+"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally "
+"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in "
+"situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1919
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-52\"></span>Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1934
msgid ""
-"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
-"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, without hesitation: of course.”"
+"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
+"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
+"with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply "
+"wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this "
+"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. "
+"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her "
+"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her "
+"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of "
+"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
+"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
+"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
+"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, "
+"without hesitation: of course.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1941
-msgid "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and to the idea of open access generally."
+msgid ""
+"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
+"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
+"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
+"definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets "
+"tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and "
+"to the idea of open access generally."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1943
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-53\"></span>Making Human Connections"
+msgid "Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1956
msgid ""
-"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the "
-"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons."
+"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
+"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
+"heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within "
+"the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the "
+"right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company "
+"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay "
+"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed "
+"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation "
+"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward "
+"what could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the "
+"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made "
+"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
-msgid "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value what they do."
+msgid ""
+"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
+"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
+"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather "
+"than simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, "
+"personal, and creative connections with the people who value what they do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1967
-msgid "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative Commons."
+msgid ""
+"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
+"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
+"Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1971
-msgid "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was wrong on so many counts."
+msgid ""
+"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
+"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
+"wrong on so many counts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
-msgid "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
+msgid ""
+"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
+"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
+"more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into "
+"what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I "
+"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. "
+"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in "
+"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
+"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1992
-msgid "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also about community, social good, contributing ideas, expressing a value system, working together. These components of sharing are hard to cultivate if you think about what you do in purely market terms. Decent social behavior isn’t as intuitive when we are doing something that involves monetary exchange. It takes a conscious effort to foster the context for real sharing, based not strictly on impersonal market exchange, but on connections with the people with whom you share—connections with you, with your work, with your values, with each other."
+msgid ""
+"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
+"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
+"about community, social good, contributing ideas, expressing a value system, "
+"working together. These components of sharing are hard to cultivate if you "
+"think about what you do in purely market terms. Decent social behavior isn’t "
+"as intuitive when we are doing something that involves monetary exchange. It "
+"takes a conscious effort to foster the context for real sharing, based not "
+"strictly on impersonal market exchange, but on connections with the people "
+"with whom you share—connections with you, with your work, with your values, "
+"with each other."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1997
-msgid "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations to each other. To remind us what sharing really looks like."
+msgid ""
+"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
+"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
+"humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations to "
+"each other. To remind us what sharing really looks like."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1999
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-54\"></span>Be human"
+msgid "Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2006
-msgid "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom we are interacting, the less caring our behavior will be. While the Internet has democratized cultural production, increased access to knowledge, and connected us in extraordinary ways, it can also make it easy forget we are dealing with another human."
+msgid ""
+"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
+"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
+"we are interacting, the less caring our behavior will be. While the "
+"Internet has democratized cultural production, increased access to "
+"knowledge, and connected us in extraordinary ways, it can also make it easy "
+"forget we are dealing with another human."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2018
-msgid "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they understand about your work affects how they value it.”43"
+msgid ""
+"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
+"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
+"licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring "
+"their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative "
+"process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin "
+"Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know "
+"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories "
+"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and "
+"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they "
+"understand about your work affects how they value it.”43"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2028
-msgid "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a “brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, “When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way."
+msgid ""
+"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
+"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
+"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. "
+"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is "
+"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a "
+"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
+"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the "
+"glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful "
+"way."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2037
-msgid "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+msgid ""
+"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
+"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
+"States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make "
+"the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are "
+"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-"
+"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But "
+"it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2039
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-55\"></span>Be open and accountable"
+msgid "Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2049
-msgid "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, “One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically communicating.”45 It isn’t about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it when people are critical.46"
+msgid ""
+"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
+"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
+"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be "
+"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda "
+"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically "
+"communicating.”45 It isn’t about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to "
+"sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but instead about explaining your rationale "
+"and then being prepared to defend it when people are critical.46"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2053
-msgid "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-denominator solutions and"
+msgid ""
+"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
+"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
+"denominator solutions and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2063
-msgid "avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you do."
+msgid ""
+"avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy "
+"collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then "
+"giving context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting "
+"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through "
+"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse "
+"than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get it right, it "
+"can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors excel. "
+"And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2065
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-56\"></span>Design for the good actors"
+msgid "Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
msgid ""
-"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.50 Being Made with Creative Commons requires an assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in "
-"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors."
+"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
+"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
+"is a fiction—we are much more complicated beings with a whole range of "
+"needs, emotions, and motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together "
+"and ensure fairness.50 Being Made with Creative Commons requires an "
+"assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, "
+"motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As "
+"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try "
+"to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of "
+"what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in "
+"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons "
+"design for the good actors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2087
-msgid "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts."
+msgid ""
+"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
+"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
+"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
+"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better "
+"than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that "
+"people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, "
+"we design our endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social "
+"instincts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2097
-msgid "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, they do."
+msgid ""
+"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
+"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
+"our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The "
+"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to "
+"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any "
+"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and "
+"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—"
+"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, "
+"they do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2099
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-57\"></span>Treat humans like, well, humans"
+msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
-msgid "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54"
+msgid ""
+"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
+"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
+"happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are "
+"better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. "
+"Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. "
+"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate "
+"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2113
-msgid "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to ensure its employees have personal, one-on-one interaction with users."
+msgid ""
+"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
+"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
+"ensure its employees have personal, one-on-one interaction with users."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2125
msgid ""
-"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors generate. That does not mean you can solve this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or contributions. As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least when it takes a form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it can dramatically change the dynamic.56"
+"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
+"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
+"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
+"customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors "
+"are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important "
+"to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors "
+"generate. That does not mean you can solve this problem by simply paying "
+"contributors for their time or contributions. As soon as we introduce money "
+"into a relationship—at least when it takes a form of paying monetary value "
+"in exchange for other value—it can dramatically change the dynamic.56"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-58\"></span>State your principles and stick to them"
+msgid "State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2137
-msgid "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses demonstrates adherence to a particular belief system, which generates goodwill and connects like-minded people to your work. Sometimes people will be drawn to endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons as a way of demonstrating their own commitment to the Creative Commons value system, akin to a political statement. Other times people will identify and feel connected with an endeavor’s separate social mission. Often both."
+msgid ""
+"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
+"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
+"demonstrates adherence to a particular belief system, which generates "
+"goodwill and connects like-minded people to your work. Sometimes people will "
+"be drawn to endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons as a way of "
+"demonstrating their own commitment to the Creative Commons value system, "
+"akin to a political statement. Other times people will identify and feel "
+"connected with an endeavor’s separate social mission. Often both."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
-msgid "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your guiding principles up front. Lumen Learning attributes a lot of their success to having been outspoken about the fundamental values that guide what they do. As a for-profit company, they think their expressed commitment to low-income students and open licensing has been critical to their credibility in the OER (open educational resources) community in which they operate."
+msgid ""
+"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
+"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
+"guiding principles up front. Lumen Learning attributes a lot of their "
+"success to having been outspoken about the fundamental values that guide "
+"what they do. As a for-profit company, they think their expressed commitment "
+"to low-income students and open licensing has been critical to their "
+"credibility in the OER (open educational resources) community in which they "
+"operate."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2152
-msgid "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest.57 It attracts committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust."
+msgid ""
+"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
+"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
+"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest.57 It "
+"attracts committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2154
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-59\"></span>Build a community"
+msgid "Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2163
-msgid "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by"
+msgid ""
+"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
+"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
+"create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people "
+"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 "
+"To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically "
+"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-"
+"minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
-msgid "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive environment where people felt a part of their “weird little family.”59 For organizations like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that drive open"
+msgid ""
+"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
+"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
+"fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of "
+"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda "
+"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive "
+"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little family.”59 For "
+"organizations like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or "
+"goals. As the CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping "
+"into passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative "
+"communities that drive open"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2190
-msgid "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building true community requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
+msgid ""
+"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
+"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
+"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. "
+"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which "
+"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable "
+"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building "
+"true community requires giving people within the community the power to "
+"create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are "
+"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a "
+"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2194
-msgid "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
+msgid ""
+"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
+"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2196
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-60\"></span>Give more to the commons than you take"
+msgid "Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
-msgid "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.63 As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather than ownership.64 That is not sharing."
+msgid ""
+"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
+"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
+"defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the "
+"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about "
+"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the "
+"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are "
+"purely about monetizing access.63 As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The "
+"Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same "
+"product multiple times, by selling access rather than ownership.64 That is "
+"not sharing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2219
msgid ""
-"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from which to extract value. Part of giving back to the ecosystem is contributing content back to the public under CC licenses. But it doesn’t have to just be about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling.65 Opendesk contributes to its community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by actively curating and displaying their work on its platform "
-"effectively."
+"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
+"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
+"which to extract value. Part of giving back to the ecosystem is contributing "
+"content back to the public under CC licenses. But it doesn’t have to just be "
+"about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The "
+"social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by "
+"incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with "
+"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling.65 "
+"Opendesk contributes to its community by committing to help its designers "
+"make money, in part by actively curating and displaying their work on its "
+"platform effectively."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2227
-msgid "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being transparent about this builds credibility and shows you are a contributing player in the commons. When your endeavor is making money, that also means apportioning financial compensation in a way that reflects the value contributed by others, providing more to contributors when the value they add outweighs the value provided by you."
+msgid ""
+"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
+"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
+"transparent about this builds credibility and shows you are a contributing "
+"player in the commons. When your endeavor is making money, that also means "
+"apportioning financial compensation in a way that reflects the value "
+"contributed by others, providing more to contributors when the value they "
+"add outweighs the value provided by you."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-61\"></span>Involve people in what you do"
+msgid "Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2240
-msgid "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to make collaboration work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people within the group have to find satisfaction from being involved.67 This is easier to facilitate for some types of creative work than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate best when people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly for larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple improvements without a particularly heavy time"
+msgid ""
+"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
+"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
+"make collaboration work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, "
+"and the people within the group have to find satisfaction from being "
+"involved.67 This is easier to facilitate for some types of creative work "
+"than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate best when "
+"people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly for "
+"larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple "
+"improvements without a particularly heavy time"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2251
-msgid "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because small, incremental edits made by a diverse range of people acting on their own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.69"
+msgid ""
+"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
+"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
+"small, incremental edits made by a diverse range of people acting on their "
+"own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small "
+"contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, "
+"and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t "
+"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.69"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
msgid ""
-"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, “Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur sharing or a feeling of belonging.70 The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional "
-"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the music itself.”71"
+"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
+"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
+"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—perhaps "
+"more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the equation, even "
+"within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, “Sometimes the value of "
+"professional work trumps the value of amateur sharing or a feeling of "
+"belonging.70 The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its "
+"material for free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather "
+"than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they "
+"invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional "
+"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for "
+"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. "
+"Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement "
+"with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was "
+"the writing, the music itself.”71"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2279
-msgid "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called “making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
+msgid ""
+"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
+"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
+"in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and "
+"interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called "
+"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in "
+"your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and "
+"information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) "
+"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—"
+"and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2288
-msgid "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into active participants.75"
+msgid ""
+"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
+"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
+"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. "
+"Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but "
+"every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The "
+"goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of "
+"consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into "
+"active participants.75"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
-msgid "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
+msgid ""
+"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
+"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
-msgid "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
+msgid ""
+"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
+"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
-msgid "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), 224."
+msgid ""
+"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
+"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
+"224."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
-msgid "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
+msgid ""
+"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
+"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
-msgid "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, 2012), 64."
+msgid ""
+"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
+"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
-msgid "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
+msgid ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-62\"></span>The"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-62\"></span>Las"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-63\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-63\"></span>Licencias"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-64\"></span>Commons"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-64\"></span>Creative"
+msgid "The"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-65\"></span>Licenses"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-65\"></span>Commons"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a minimum, a CC-"
+msgid "Licenses"
msgstr ""
-"Todas las licencias Creative Commons otorgan un conjunto básico de permisos. "
-"Como mínimo, un"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
#, fuzzy
-msgid "licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators might have in their works, like patents or trademarks."
+msgid ""
+"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
+"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
+"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
+"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set "
+"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic "
+"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the "
+"most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for "
+"commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses "
+"are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators "
+"might have in their works, like patents or trademarks."
msgstr ""
"trabajo bajo licencia CC puede ser copiado y compartido en su forma "
"original, para propósitos no comerciales, siempre y cuando se dé atribución "
"registradas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr "A continuación se presentan las seis licencias:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
-msgid "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
+msgid ""
+"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
+"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
+"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. "
+"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials."
msgstr ""
"La licencia de Atribución (CC BY) permite a terceros distribuir, remezclar, "
"modificar, y construir sobre su trabajo, incluso con fines comerciales, "
"y uso de los materiales licenciados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
-msgid "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
+msgid ""
+"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
+"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
+"you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is "
+"often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new "
+"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will "
+"also allow commercial use."
msgstr ""
"La licencia Atribución-CompartirIgual (CC BY-SA) permite a terceros "
"remezclar, modificar y construir sobre de su trabajo, siempre y cuando le "
"trabajo derivado también permitirá el uso con fines comerciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
-msgid "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with credit to you."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+msgid ""
+"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
+"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
+"credit to you."
msgstr ""
"La licencia Atribución-SinDerivadas (CC BY-ND) permite la redistribución, "
"con fines comerciales y no comerciales por igual, siempre y cuando se haga "
"sin modificaciones, y le den crédito como autor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
-msgid "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also acknowledge you, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
+msgid ""
+"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
+"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
+"acknowledge you, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the "
+"same terms."
msgstr ""
"La licencia Atribución-NoComercial (CC BY-NC) permite a terceros remezclar, "
"modificar, y construir sobre su trabajo con fines no comerciales "
"estos mismos términos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
-msgid "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the same terms."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
+msgid ""
+"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
+"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
+"credit you and license their new creations under the same terms."
msgstr ""
"La licencia Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual (CC BY-NC-SA) permite a "
"terceros remezclar, modificar y construir sobre su trabajo con fines no "
"creaciones bajo los mismos términos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
-msgid "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t change them or use them commercially."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445
+msgid ""
+"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
+"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
+"works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t "
+"change them or use them commercially."
msgstr ""
"La licencia Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas es la más restrictiva de "
"nuestras seis licencias principales, permitiendo únicamente la descargar y "
"posibilidad de modificarla de ninguna manera o utilizarla comercialmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
-msgid "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+msgid ""
+"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
+"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
+"existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:"
msgstr ""
"Además de estas seis licencias, Creative Commons tiene dos herramientas para "
"el dominio público — una para los creadores y la otra para los "
"cuyos plazos de derechos de autor han expirado:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
-msgid "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
+msgid ""
+"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
+"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
"CC0 permite a autores y titulares de derechos de autor dedicar sus trabajos "
"al dominio público en todo el mundo (”ningún derecho reservado”)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2458
-msgid "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2457
+msgid ""
+"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
+"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
"La Marca de Dominio Público Creative Commons facilita el etiquetado y "
"descubrimiento de trabajos que están ya libres de restricciones conocidas de "
"derecho autoral."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2467
-msgid "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466
+msgid ""
+"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
+"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other "
+"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain "
+"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content "
+"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code "
+"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their "
+"involvement with and commitment to sharing."
msgstr ""
"En nuestros estudios de caso, algunos utilizan únicamente una licencia "
"Creative Commons, y otros usan varias. Atribución (empleada en trece de los "
"digital, amplifican su involucramiento y compromiso de compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2479
-msgid "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478
+msgid ""
+"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
+"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
+"their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make "
+"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
+"commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a "
+"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-"
+"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply "
+"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company "
+"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or "
+"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
msgstr ""
"Mucha gente cae en el error de pensar la única manera en que los autores "
"hagan dinero de sus obras licenciadas bajo CC es mediante las tres licencias "
"largometraje, o evitar que otra compañía venda copias físicas del mismo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
-msgid "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having a major record label discover their work."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490
+msgid ""
+"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
+"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
+"NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant "
+"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. "
+"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in "
+"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license "
+"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The "
+"music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were "
+"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having "
+"a major record label discover their work."
msgstr ""
"La decisión de elegir una licencia NoComercial y/o SinDerivadas deriva de "
"cuánto control usted requiere retener sobre del trabajo creativo. Las "
"distribuidora descubra su trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2496
-msgid "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit TeachAIDS uses a NoDerivs license for its educational materials because the medical subject matter is particularly important to get right."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495
+msgid ""
+"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
+"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
+"TeachAIDS uses a NoDerivs license for its educational materials because the "
+"medical subject matter is particularly important to get right."
msgstr ""
"Otras veces, la decisión de elegir una licencia restrictiva se debe a la "
"preocupación de mantener la integridad del trabajo. Por ejemplo, la "
"médicos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2506
-msgid "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work should be reused, just as the ShareAlike license reflects a different set of values, one that is less about controlling access to their own work and more about ensuring that whatever gets created with their work is available to all on the same terms. Since the beginning of the commons, people have been setting up structures that helped regulate the way in which shared resources were used. The CC licenses are an attempt to standardize norms across all domains."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
+msgid ""
+"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
+"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
+"should be reused, just as the ShareAlike license reflects a different set of "
+"values, one that is less about controlling access to their own work and more "
+"about ensuring that whatever gets created with their work is available to "
+"all on the same terms. Since the beginning of the commons, people have been "
+"setting up structures that helped regulate the way in which shared resources "
+"were used. The CC licenses are an attempt to standardize norms across all "
+"domains."
msgstr ""
"No hay una única manera correcta de hacer las cosas. Las restricciones de "
"las licencias NoComercial y SinDerivadas reflejan los valores y preferencias "
"entre distintos dominios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-66\"></span>Note"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-66\"></span>Nota"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Note"
+msgstr "Notas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
-msgid "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share Your Work” at"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511
+msgid ""
+"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
+"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
+"Your Work” at"
msgstr ""
"Para mayor información acerca de las licencias, incluyendo ejemplos y "
"recomendaciones acerca de cómo compartir sus obras en el procomún digital, "
"Your Work” en"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2516
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-67\"></span>Part 2"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-67\"></span>Parte 2"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2518
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-68\"></span>The Case Studies"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-68\"></span>Los estudios de caso"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515
+msgid "Part 2"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
-msgid "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and the global Creative Commons community. We selected eighty potential candidates that represented a mix of industries, content types, revenue streams, and parts of the world. Twelve of the case studies were selected from that group based on votes cast by Kickstarter backers, and the other twelve were selected by us."
-msgstr "Los veinticuatro estudios de caso en esta sección fueron elegidos de entre cientos de nominaciones recibidas de los patrocinadores del Kickstarter, el personal de Creative Commons, y la comunidad global Creative Commons. Seleccionamos a ochenta candidatos potenciales representando a una mezcla de industrias, tipos de contenido, flujos de ganancia, y regiones del mundo. Doce de los casos de estudio fueron seleccionados del grupo basado en votos de los patrocinadores del Kickstarter, y los otros doce fueron seleccionados por nosotros."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2517
+msgid "The Case Studies"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
-msgid "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for each case study is to tell the story about the endeavor and the role sharing plays within it, largely the way in which it was told to us by those we interviewed."
-msgstr "Realizamos investigación de fondo y llevamos a cabo entrevistas para cada estudio de caso, basado en el mismo conjunto de preguntas básicas acerca del emprendimiento. La idea para estudio de caso es contar la historia acerca del emprendimiento y el papel que compartir juega dentro de éste, lo cual es en buena medida la manera en que nos fue contado por quienes entrevistamos."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2525
+msgid ""
+"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
+"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
+"the global Creative Commons community. We selected eighty potential "
+"candidates that represented a mix of industries, content types, revenue "
+"streams, and parts of the world. Twelve of the case studies were selected "
+"from that group based on votes cast by Kickstarter backers, and the other "
+"twelve were selected by us."
+msgstr ""
+"Los veinticuatro estudios de caso en esta sección fueron elegidos de entre "
+"cientos de nominaciones recibidas de los patrocinadores del Kickstarter, el "
+"personal de Creative Commons, y la comunidad global Creative Commons. "
+"Seleccionamos a ochenta candidatos potenciales representando a una mezcla de "
+"industrias, tipos de contenido, flujos de ganancia, y regiones del mundo. "
+"Doce de los casos de estudio fueron seleccionados del grupo basado en votos "
+"de los patrocinadores del Kickstarter, y los otros doce fueron seleccionados "
+"por nosotros."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
+msgid ""
+"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
+"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
+"each case study is to tell the story about the endeavor and the role sharing "
+"plays within it, largely the way in which it was told to us by those we "
+"interviewed."
+msgstr ""
+"Realizamos investigación de fondo y llevamos a cabo entrevistas para cada "
+"estudio de caso, basado en el mismo conjunto de preguntas básicas acerca del "
+"emprendimiento. La idea para estudio de caso es contar la historia acerca "
+"del emprendimiento y el papel que compartir juega dentro de éste, lo cual es "
+"en buena medida la manera en que nos fue contado por quienes entrevistamos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-69\"></span>Arduino"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-69\"></span>Arduino\t"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
+msgid "Arduino"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
-msgid "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
-msgstr "Arduino es una plataforma electrónica de fuentes abiertas y una compañía de hardware y software con fines de lucro. Fundada en Italia en 2005."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536
+msgid ""
+"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
+"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
+msgstr ""
+"Arduino es una plataforma electrónica de fuentes abiertas y una compañía de "
+"hardware y software con fines de lucro. Fundada en Italia en 2005."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr "www.arduino.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to sell Arduino products using their name)"
-msgstr "Modelo de ganancia: Cobrar por copias físicas (venta de tarjetas, módulos, escudos y kits), licenciamiento de la marca registrada (el importe pagado por aquellos que quieren vender productos Arduino utilizando su nombre)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
+"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
+"sell Arduino products using their name)"
+msgstr ""
+"Modelo de ganancia: Cobrar por copias físicas (venta de tarjetas, módulos, "
+"escudos y kits), licenciamiento de la marca registrada (el importe pagado "
+"por aquellos que quieren vender productos Arduino utilizando su nombre)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2545 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 4 de febrero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistados: David Cuartielles y Tom Igoe, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2549 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3797 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4038 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4276 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6441 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7070
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr "Perfil escrito por Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2560
msgid ""
-"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming to quickly prototype design ideas. As musicians, artists, and designers, they needed a platform that didn’t require engineering expertise. A group of teachers and students, including Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis, built a platform that combined different open technologies. They called it Arduino. The platform integrated software, hardware, microcontrollers, and electronics. All aspects of the platform were openly licensed: hardware designs and documentation with the Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA), and software with the GNU "
+"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
+"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
+"to quickly prototype design ideas. As musicians, artists, and designers, "
+"they needed a platform that didn’t require engineering expertise. A group of "
+"teachers and students, including Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, "
+"Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis, built a platform that combined different "
+"open technologies. They called it Arduino. The platform integrated software, "
+"hardware, microcontrollers, and electronics. All aspects of the platform "
+"were openly licensed: hardware designs and documentation with the "
+"Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA), and software with the GNU "
"General Public License."
msgstr ""
-"En 2005, en el Instituto de Diseño de la Interacción Ivrea en el norte de Italia, profesores y estudiantes necesitaban una forma fácil de utilizar electrónica y programación para prototipear rápidamente ideas de diseño. Como músicos, artistas y diseñadores, necesitaban de una plataforma que no requiriera experiencia en ingeniería. Un grupo de profesores y alumnos, que incluía a Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino y David Mellis, construyeron una plataforma que combinaba diferentes tecnologías abiertas. La llamaron Arduino. La plataforma integraba software, hardware, microcontroladores y electrónica. Todos los aspectos de la plataforma se licenciaron abiertamente: Los diseños de hardware y la documentación, "
-"con la licencia Atribución-CompartirIgual (CC BY-SA), y el software bajo la Licencia Pública General (GPL) de GNU."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569
-msgid "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You send a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board by using the Arduino programming language and Arduino software (based on a piece of open-source software called Processing, a programming tool used to make visual art)."
-msgstr "Las tarjetas Arduino pueden leer entradas —luz de un sensor, un dedo en el botón, o un mensaje en Twitter— y convertirlas en salidas —activar un motor, encender un LED, publicar algo en línea. Usted envía un conjunto de instrucciones al microcontrolador de la tarjeta empleando el lenguaje de programación Arduino y el software Arduino (basado en un programa de fuentes abiertas llamado Processing, una herramienta de programación empleada para hacer artes visuales)."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2576
-msgid "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this “ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of building.”"
-msgstr "”Las razones para hacer a Arduino de fuente abierta son complicadas,” dice Tom. En parte es para permitir la flexibilidad. La naturaleza de fuente abierta de Arduino empodera a los usuarios para modificarlo y crear muchas diferentes variaciones, agregando sobre lo que construyen los fundadores. David dice que esto ”termina fortaleciendo la plataforma mucho más allá de lo que pensamos siquiera en construir.”"
+"En 2005, en el Instituto de Diseño de la Interacción Ivrea en el norte de "
+"Italia, profesores y estudiantes necesitaban una forma fácil de utilizar "
+"electrónica y programación para prototipear rápidamente ideas de diseño. "
+"Como músicos, artistas y diseñadores, necesitaban de una plataforma que no "
+"requiriera experiencia en ingeniería. Un grupo de profesores y alumnos, que "
+"incluía a Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino y "
+"David Mellis, construyeron una plataforma que combinaba diferentes "
+"tecnologías abiertas. La llamaron Arduino. La plataforma integraba software, "
+"hardware, microcontroladores y electrónica. Todos los aspectos de la "
+"plataforma se licenciaron abiertamente: Los diseños de hardware y la "
+"documentación, con la licencia Atribución-CompartirIgual (CC BY-SA), y el "
+"software bajo la Licencia Pública General (GPL) de GNU."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2568
+msgid ""
+"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
+"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
+"turning on an LED, publishing something online. You send a set of "
+"instructions to the microcontroller on the board by using the Arduino "
+"programming language and Arduino software (based on a piece of open-source "
+"software called Processing, a programming tool used to make visual art)."
+msgstr ""
+"Las tarjetas Arduino pueden leer entradas —luz de un sensor, un dedo en el "
+"botón, o un mensaje en Twitter— y convertirlas en salidas —activar un motor, "
+"encender un LED, publicar algo en línea. Usted envía un conjunto de "
+"instrucciones al microcontrolador de la tarjeta empleando el lenguaje de "
+"programación Arduino y el software Arduino (basado en un programa de fuentes "
+"abiertas llamado Processing, una herramienta de programación empleada para "
+"hacer artes visuales)."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2575
+msgid ""
+"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
+"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
+"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different "
+"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this “ended "
+"up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of "
+"building.”"
+msgstr ""
+"”Las razones para hacer a Arduino de fuente abierta son complicadas,” dice "
+"Tom. En parte es para permitir la flexibilidad. La naturaleza de fuente "
+"abierta de Arduino empodera a los usuarios para modificarlo y crear muchas "
+"diferentes variaciones, agregando sobre lo que construyen los fundadores. "
+"David dice que esto ”termina fortaleciendo la plataforma mucho más allá de "
+"lo que pensamos siquiera en construir.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584
-msgid "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a"
-msgstr "Para Tom, otro factor fue la inminente clausura de la escuela de diseño Ivrea. Había visto a otras organizaciones cerrar sus puertas, tras lo cual todo su trabajo e investigación simplemente desaparecían. Abrir las fuentes aseguró que Arduino sobreviviera la clausura de Ivrea. La persistencia es una característica que Tom realmente aprecia del software de fuentes abiertas. Si gente fundamental abandona un proyecto, o si cierra una compañía, un producto de fuentes abiertas sobrevive. Desde el punto de vista de Tom, ”abrir las fuentes facilita confiar en un"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
-msgid "product.”"
-msgstr "producto.”"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
-msgid "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called Tinker, in London. Tinker designed products and services that bridged the digital and the physical, and they taught people how to use new technologies in creative ways. Revenue from Tinker was invested in sustaining and enhancing Arduino."
-msgstr "Al cerrar la escuela, David y algunos de los otros fundadores de Arduino iniciaron una consultoría y estudio de diseño multidisciplinario, al cual llamaron Tinker, en Londres. Tinker diseñaba productos y servicios que fungían de puente entre lo digital y lo físico, y enseñaban a la gente cómo emplear las nuevas tecnologías de formas creativas. Los ingresos de Tinker se invirtieron en sostener y mejorar a Arduino."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2600
-msgid "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product."
-msgstr "Para Tom, parte del éxito de Arduino se debe a que los fundadores se convirtieron en los primeros clientes de su producto. Hicieron productos que ellos mismos querían personalmente. Era cuestión de ”necesito esto,” no de ”si hacemos esto, haremos mucho dinero.” Tom dice que ser el propio primer cliente lo hace a uno más confiado y convincente al vender el producto."
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
+"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
+"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive "
+"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open "
+"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product "
+"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Para Tom, otro factor fue la inminente clausura de la escuela de diseño "
+"Ivrea. Había visto a otras organizaciones cerrar sus puertas, tras lo cual "
+"todo su trabajo e investigación simplemente desaparecían. Abrir las fuentes "
+"aseguró que Arduino sobreviviera la clausura de Ivrea. La persistencia es "
+"una característica que Tom realmente aprecia del software de fuentes "
+"abiertas. Si gente fundamental abandona un proyecto, o si cierra una "
+"compañía, un producto de fuentes abiertas sobrevive. Desde el punto de vista "
+"de Tom, ”abrir las fuentes facilita confiar en un"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591
+msgid ""
+"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
+"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
+"Tinker, in London. Tinker designed products and services that bridged the "
+"digital and the physical, and they taught people how to use new technologies "
+"in creative ways. Revenue from Tinker was invested in sustaining and "
+"enhancing Arduino."
+msgstr ""
+"Al cerrar la escuela, David y algunos de los otros fundadores de Arduino "
+"iniciaron una consultoría y estudio de diseño multidisciplinario, al cual "
+"llamaron Tinker, en Londres. Tinker diseñaba productos y servicios que "
+"fungían de puente entre lo digital y lo físico, y enseñaban a la gente cómo "
+"emplear las nuevas tecnologías de formas creativas. Los ingresos de Tinker "
+"se invirtieron en sostener y mejorar a Arduino."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2598
+msgid ""
+"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
+"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
+"personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make "
+"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first "
+"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product."
+msgstr ""
+"Para Tom, parte del éxito de Arduino se debe a que los fundadores se "
+"convirtieron en los primeros clientes de su producto. Hicieron productos que "
+"ellos mismos querían personalmente. Era cuestión de ”necesito esto,” no de "
+"”si hacemos esto, haremos mucho dinero.” Tom dice que ser el propio primer "
+"cliente lo hace a uno más confiado y convincente al vender el producto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2612
-msgid "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and get them out into the world. They started out with two hundred boards, sold them, and made a little profit. They used that to make another thousand, which generated enough revenue to make five thousand. In the early days, they simply tried to generate enough funding to keep the venture going day to day. When they hit the ten thousand mark, they started to think about Arduino as a company. By then it was clear you can open-source the design but still manufacture the physical product. As long as it’s a quality product and sold at a reasonable price, people will buy it."
-msgstr ""
-"El modelo de negocios de Arduino ha evolucionado con el paso del tiempo —y Tom dice que ”modelo” es un término muy agrandado para lo que es. Originalmente, sólo querían hacer un par de tarjetas y brindarlas al mundo. Comenzaron con doscientas tarjetas, las vendieron, y ganaron un poco de dinero. Lo usaron para hacer otras mil, lo cual generó suficientes ingresos para hacer cinco mil. En los primeros días, simplemente intentaban generar suficiente fondeo para mantener la aventura funcionando día a día. Cuando llegaron a la marca de las diez mil, comenzaron a pensar en Arduino como en una compañía. Para entonces era claro que resulta posible liberar el diseño, pero manufacturar el producto físico. Mientras sea un producto de calidad "
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2610
+msgid ""
+"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
+"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
+"get them out into the world. They started out with two hundred boards, sold "
+"them, and made a little profit. They used that to make another thousand, "
+"which generated enough revenue to make five thousand. In the early days, "
+"they simply tried to generate enough funding to keep the venture going day "
+"to day. When they hit the ten thousand mark, they started to think about "
+"Arduino as a company. By then it was clear you can open-source the design "
+"but still manufacture the physical product. As long as it’s a quality "
+"product and sold at a reasonable price, people will buy it."
+msgstr ""
+"El modelo de negocios de Arduino ha evolucionado con el paso del tiempo —y "
+"Tom dice que ”modelo” es un término muy agrandado para lo que es. "
+"Originalmente, sólo querían hacer un par de tarjetas y brindarlas al mundo. "
+"Comenzaron con doscientas tarjetas, las vendieron, y ganaron un poco de "
+"dinero. Lo usaron para hacer otras mil, lo cual generó suficientes ingresos "
+"para hacer cinco mil. En los primeros días, simplemente intentaban generar "
+"suficiente fondeo para mantener la aventura funcionando día a día. Cuando "
+"llegaron a la marca de las diez mil, comenzaron a pensar en Arduino como en "
+"una compañía. Para entonces era claro que resulta posible liberar el diseño, "
+"pero manufacturar el producto físico. Mientras sea un producto de calidad "
"vendido a un precio razonable, la gente lo comprará."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2623
msgid ""
-"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called Playground (a wiki is where all users can edit and add pages, contributing to and benefiting from collective research). People share code, circuit diagrams, tutorials, DIY instructions, and tips and tricks, and show off their projects. In addition, there’s a multilanguage discussion forum where users can get help using Arduino, discuss topics like robotics, and make suggestions for new Arduino product designs. As of January 2017, 324,928 members had made 2,989,489 posts on 379,044 topics. The worldwide community of makers has contributed an incredible amount of accessible knowledge helpful to "
-"novices and experts alike."
+"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
+"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
+"Playground (a wiki is where all users can edit and add pages, contributing "
+"to and benefiting from collective research). People share code, circuit "
+"diagrams, tutorials, DIY instructions, and tips and tricks, and show off "
+"their projects. In addition, there’s a multilanguage discussion forum where "
+"users can get help using Arduino, discuss topics like robotics, and make "
+"suggestions for new Arduino product designs. As of January 2017, 324,928 "
+"members had made 2,989,489 posts on 379,044 topics. The worldwide community "
+"of makers has contributed an incredible amount of accessible knowledge "
+"helpful to novices and experts alike."
+msgstr ""
+"Arduino ahora cuenta con una comunidad mundial de creadores —estudiantes, "
+"aficionados, artistas, programadores y profesionales. Arduino tiene un wiki "
+"llamado Playground (campo de juego, n. del t.) (un wiki es un espacio Web "
+"donde todos los usuarios pueden editar y agregar páginas, contribuir y "
+"beneficiarse de la investigación colectiva). La gente comparte código, "
+"diagramas de circuitos, tutoriales, instrucciones tipo hágalo usted mismo, "
+"consejos y trucos, y presumir sus proyectos. Además, hay un foro de "
+"discusión multilíngüe donde los usuarios pueden obtener ayuda para usar "
+"Arduino, discutir de temas como robótica, y hacer sugerencias para nuevos "
+"diseños de productos Arduino. Para enero de 2017, 324,928 miembros habían "
+"enviado 2,989,489 mensajes en 379,044 temas. La comunidad mundial de "
+"creadores ha contribuido con una increíble cantidad de conocimiento "
+"accesible, útil tanto para novatos como para expertos."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2630
+msgid ""
+"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
+"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
+"wanted to make theirs available at a low price to people across a wide range "
+"of industries. As with any business, pricing was key. They wanted prices "
+"that would get lots of customers but were also high enough to sustain the "
+"business."
+msgstr ""
+"La transición de ARduino de proyecto a compañía fue un gran paso. Otras "
+"empresas que hacían tarjetas cobraban mucho dinero por ellas. Arduino quería "
+"hacer el suyo disponible a un precio bajo para la gente de un amplio rango "
+"de industrias. Como con cualquier negocio, el precio resultó fundamental. "
+"Querían precios que les trajeran muchos clientes, aunque suficientemente "
+"altos para sostener el negocio."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2636
+msgid ""
+"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
+"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
+"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. "
+"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-"
+"source way can only help you.”"
msgstr ""
-"Arduino ahora cuenta con una comunidad mundial de creadores —estudiantes, aficionados, artistas, programadores y profesionales. Arduino tiene un wiki llamado Playground (campo de juego, n. del t.) (un wiki es un espacio Web donde todos los usuarios pueden editar y agregar páginas, contribuir y beneficiarse de la investigación colectiva). La gente comparte código, diagramas de circuitos, tutoriales, instrucciones tipo hágalo usted mismo, consejos y trucos, y presumir sus proyectos. Además, hay un foro de discusión multilíngüe donde los usuarios pueden obtener ayuda para usar Arduino, discutir de temas como robótica, y hacer sugerencias para nuevos diseños de productos Arduino. Para enero de 2017, 324,928 miembros habían enviado "
-"2,989,489 mensajes en 379,044 temas. La comunidad mundial de creadores ha contribuido con una increíble cantidad de conocimiento accesible, útil tanto para novatos como para expertos."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
-msgid "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino wanted to make theirs available at a low price to people across a wide range of industries. As with any business, pricing was key. They wanted prices that would get lots of customers but were also high enough to sustain the business."
-msgstr "La transición de ARduino de proyecto a compañía fue un gran paso. Otras empresas que hacían tarjetas cobraban mucho dinero por ellas. Arduino quería hacer el suyo disponible a un precio bajo para la gente de un amplio rango de industrias. Como con cualquier negocio, el precio resultó fundamental. Querían precios que les trajeran muchos clientes, aunque suficientemente altos para sostener el negocio."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2638
-msgid "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-source way can only help you.”"
-msgstr "Para un negocio, llegar al final del año sin estar en números rojos es un éxito. Arduino puede tener una estrategia de licenciamiento abierto, pero a fin de cuentas son un negocio, y todas las cosas necesarias para sostener uno exitosamente se aplican. Dice David, ”si hace esas otras cosas bien, compartir las cosas bajo un modelo abierto únicamente le ayudará.”"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2648
-msgid "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create knockoffs, clones, and copies. The CC BY-SA license means anyone can produce copies of their boards, redesign them, and even sell boards that copy the design. They don’t have to pay a license fee to Arduino or even ask permission. However, if they republish the design of the board, they have to give attribution to Arduino. If they change the design, they must release the new design using the same Creative Commons license to ensure that the new version is equally free and open."
-msgstr "Aunque licenciar de forma permisiva los diseños, documentación y el software asegura una longevidad, sí conlleva riesgos. Existe la posibilidad de que otros creen imitaciones, clones y copias. La licencia CC BY-SA significa que cualquiera puede producir copias de sus tarjetas, rediseñarlas, e incluso vender tarjetas que copien el diseño. No tienen que pagar licenciamiento a Arduino, ni siquiera pedir permiso. Sin embargo, si republican el diseño de estas tarjetas, deben dar atribución a Arduino. Si cambian el diseño, deben liberar el nuevo diseño empleando la misma licencia Creative Commons para asegurar que la mueva versión es igualmente libre y abierta."
+"Para un negocio, llegar al final del año sin estar en números rojos es un "
+"éxito. Arduino puede tener una estrategia de licenciamiento abierto, pero a "
+"fin de cuentas son un negocio, y todas las cosas necesarias para sostener "
+"uno exitosamente se aplican. Dice David, ”si hace esas otras cosas bien, "
+"compartir las cosas bajo un modelo abierto únicamente le ayudará.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2658
-msgid "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed business models that can wring money out of the system over many years because there is no competition, Arduino founders saw competition as keeping them honest, and aimed for an environment of collaboration. A benefit of open over closed is the many new ideas and designs others have contributed back to the Arduino ecosystem, ideas and designs that Arduino and the Arduino community use and incorporate into new products."
-msgstr "Tom y David dicen que mucha gente ha construido compañías basadas en Arduino, que han creado docenas de derivados de Arduino. Pero en contraste con los modelos de negocio cerrados que pueden exprimir dinero del sistema por muchos años porque no tienen competencia, los fundadores de Arduino vieron la competencia como una manera de obligarse a mantenerse honestos, y se enfocaron a un ambiente de colaboración. Un beneficio de lo abierto sobre lo cerrado son las muchas nuevas ideas y diseños que otros han contribuido al ecosistema Arduino, ideas y diseños que la comunidad Arduino emplea e incorpora en sus nuevos productos."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2667
-msgid "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level boards, new products have been added ranging from enhanced boards that provide advanced functionality and faster performance, to boards for creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a board to give it extra features), and kits.1"
-msgstr "Sobre el transcurso del tiempo, el rango de productos Arduino se ha diversificado, cambiando y adaptándose a las nuevas necesidades y retos. Además de simples tarjetas introductorias, han aparecido nuevos productos que van desde tarjetas ampliadas con funcionalidad avanzada y mejor rendimiento, hasta tarjetas para crear aplicaciones del Internet de las Cosas, vestibles, e impresión 3-D. El rango completo de los productos Arduino incluye tarjetas, módulos (un formato físico más reducido de las tarjetas clásicas), escudos (elementos que pueden enchufarse sobre una tarjeta para darle mayor funcionalidad), y kits.1"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2678
-msgid "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there."
-msgstr "El foco de Arduino son tarjetas de alta calidad, con materiales de apoyo bien diseñados, y la construcción de una comunidad; este enfoque es una de las llaves para su éxito. Y ser abiertos les ha permitido construir una verdadera comunidad. David dice que la comunidad de Arduino es una gran fortaleza y algo que verdaderamente importa —en sus palabras, ”es un buen negocio.” Cuando iniciaron, el equipo de Arduino casi no tenía idea de cómo construir una comunidad. Comenzaron llevando numerosos talleres, trabajando directamente con la gente que usa la plataforma para asegurarse que el hardware y software funiconaran como debían hacerlo, y resolver los problemas de la gente. La comunidad creció orgánicamente desde ese punto."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2688
-msgid "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a company committed to open-source values and knowledge sharing. Trademarking the Arduino name and logo expresses that guarantee and helps customers easily identify their products, and the products sanctioned by them. If others want to sell boards using the Arduino name and logo, they have to pay a small fee to Arduino. This allows Arduino to scale up manufacturing and distribution while at the same time ensuring the Arduino brand isn’t hurt by low-quality copies."
-msgstr "Una decisión clave para Arduino fue el registro de marca sobre su nombre. Los fundadores necesitaban una manera de garantizarle a la gente que estarían comprando un producto de calidad de una compañía comprometida con los valores del software libre y la compartición del conocimiento. Registrar la marca y logotipo de Arduino expresa esta garantía y ayuda a los clientes a identificar fácilmente sus productos, y los productos aprobados por ellos. Si otros quieren vender tarjetas utilizando el nombre y logotipo Arduino, les tienen que pagar un pequeño costo. Esto les permite escalar la manufactura y distribución, asegurando al mismo tiempo que la marca Arduino no sufre por copias de mala calidad."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
-msgid "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-generating model."
-msgstr "Hoy en día, los fabricantes oficiales son Smart Projects en Italia, SparkFun en los Estados Unidos, y Dog Hunter en Taiwan/China. Estos son los únicos fabricantes autorizados a utilizar el logotipo de Arduino en sus tarjetas. Registrar su marca permite a los fundadores proteger a la empresa, impulsarla más allá, y fondear el desarrollo de software y tutoriales. El monto por el licenciamiento de la marca se convirtió en el modelo de generación de ganancias para Arduino."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2703
-msgid "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, had some fears about protecting the Arduino name, thinking people would be mad if they policed their brand. There was some early backlash with a project called Freeduino, but overall, trademarking and branding has been a critical tool for Arduino."
-msgstr "Los fundadores no siempre estuvieron de acuerdo en qué tanto abrir las cosas. David, que siempre fue el que proponía hacer las cosas de forma más abierta, tenía sus miedos acerca del registro de la marca, pensando que la comunidad se enojaría con ellos si controlaban el uso de la marca. Hubo algo de fricción al inicio de la vida del proyecto con otro llamado Freeduino, pero en la gran escala, el registro de marca y logotipo ha sido una herramienta crítica para Arduino."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2646
+msgid ""
+"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
+"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
+"knockoffs, clones, and copies. The CC BY-SA license means anyone can produce "
+"copies of their boards, redesign them, and even sell boards that copy the "
+"design. They don’t have to pay a license fee to Arduino or even ask "
+"permission. However, if they republish the design of the board, they have to "
+"give attribution to Arduino. If they change the design, they must release "
+"the new design using the same Creative Commons license to ensure that the "
+"new version is equally free and open."
+msgstr ""
+"Aunque licenciar de forma permisiva los diseños, documentación y el software "
+"asegura una longevidad, sí conlleva riesgos. Existe la posibilidad de que "
+"otros creen imitaciones, clones y copias. La licencia CC BY-SA significa que "
+"cualquiera puede producir copias de sus tarjetas, rediseñarlas, e incluso "
+"vender tarjetas que copien el diseño. No tienen que pagar licenciamiento a "
+"Arduino, ni siquiera pedir permiso. Sin embargo, si republican el diseño de "
+"estas tarjetas, deben dar atribución a Arduino. Si cambian el diseño, deben "
+"liberar el nuevo diseño empleando la misma licencia Creative Commons para "
+"asegurar que la mueva versión es igualmente libre y abierta."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2656
+msgid ""
+"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
+"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
+"business models that can wring money out of the system over many years "
+"because there is no competition, Arduino founders saw competition as keeping "
+"them honest, and aimed for an environment of collaboration. A benefit of "
+"open over closed is the many new ideas and designs others have contributed "
+"back to the Arduino ecosystem, ideas and designs that Arduino and the "
+"Arduino community use and incorporate into new products."
+msgstr ""
+"Tom y David dicen que mucha gente ha construido compañías basadas en "
+"Arduino, que han creado docenas de derivados de Arduino. Pero en contraste "
+"con los modelos de negocio cerrados que pueden exprimir dinero del sistema "
+"por muchos años porque no tienen competencia, los fundadores de Arduino "
+"vieron la competencia como una manera de obligarse a mantenerse honestos, y "
+"se enfocaron a un ambiente de colaboración. Un beneficio de lo abierto sobre "
+"lo cerrado son las muchas nuevas ideas y diseños que otros han contribuido "
+"al ecosistema Arduino, ideas y diseños que la comunidad Arduino emplea e "
+"incorpora en sus nuevos productos."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2665
+msgid ""
+"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
+"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
+"boards, new products have been added ranging from enhanced boards that "
+"provide advanced functionality and faster performance, to boards for "
+"creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The "
+"full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller "
+"form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a "
+"board to give it extra features), and kits.1"
+msgstr ""
+"Sobre el transcurso del tiempo, el rango de productos Arduino se ha "
+"diversificado, cambiando y adaptándose a las nuevas necesidades y retos. "
+"Además de simples tarjetas introductorias, han aparecido nuevos productos "
+"que van desde tarjetas ampliadas con funcionalidad avanzada y mejor "
+"rendimiento, hasta tarjetas para crear aplicaciones del Internet de las "
+"Cosas, vestibles, e impresión 3-D. El rango completo de los productos "
+"Arduino incluye tarjetas, módulos (un formato físico más reducido de las "
+"tarjetas clásicas), escudos (elementos que pueden enchufarse sobre una "
+"tarjeta para darle mayor funcionalidad), y kits.1"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2676
+msgid ""
+"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
+"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
+"success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says "
+"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—"
+"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had "
+"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting "
+"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make "
+"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and "
+"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there."
+msgstr ""
+"El foco de Arduino son tarjetas de alta calidad, con materiales de apoyo "
+"bien diseñados, y la construcción de una comunidad; este enfoque es una de "
+"las llaves para su éxito. Y ser abiertos les ha permitido construir una "
+"verdadera comunidad. David dice que la comunidad de Arduino es una gran "
+"fortaleza y algo que verdaderamente importa —en sus palabras, ”es un buen "
+"negocio.” Cuando iniciaron, el equipo de Arduino casi no tenía idea de cómo "
+"construir una comunidad. Comenzaron llevando numerosos talleres, trabajando "
+"directamente con la gente que usa la plataforma para asegurarse que el "
+"hardware y software funiconaran como debían hacerlo, y resolver los "
+"problemas de la gente. La comunidad creció orgánicamente desde ese punto."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2686
msgid ""
-"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, "
+"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
+"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
+"company committed to open-source values and knowledge sharing. Trademarking "
+"the Arduino name and logo expresses that guarantee and helps customers "
+"easily identify their products, and the products sanctioned by them. If "
+"others want to sell boards using the Arduino name and logo, they have to pay "
+"a small fee to Arduino. This allows Arduino to scale up manufacturing and "
+"distribution while at the same time ensuring the Arduino brand isn’t hurt by "
+"low-quality copies."
+msgstr ""
+"Una decisión clave para Arduino fue el registro de marca sobre su nombre. "
+"Los fundadores necesitaban una manera de garantizarle a la gente que "
+"estarían comprando un producto de calidad de una compañía comprometida con "
+"los valores del software libre y la compartición del conocimiento. Registrar "
+"la marca y logotipo de Arduino expresa esta garantía y ayuda a los clientes "
+"a identificar fácilmente sus productos, y los productos aprobados por ellos. "
+"Si otros quieren vender tarjetas utilizando el nombre y logotipo Arduino, "
+"les tienen que pagar un pequeño costo. Esto les permite escalar la "
+"manufactura y distribución, asegurando al mismo tiempo que la marca Arduino "
+"no sufre por copias de mala calidad."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694
+msgid ""
+"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
+"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
+"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
+"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
+"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. "
+"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-"
+"generating model."
+msgstr ""
+"Hoy en día, los fabricantes oficiales son Smart Projects en Italia, SparkFun "
+"en los Estados Unidos, y Dog Hunter en Taiwan/China. Estos son los únicos "
+"fabricantes autorizados a utilizar el logotipo de Arduino en sus tarjetas. "
+"Registrar su marca permite a los fundadores proteger a la empresa, "
+"impulsarla más allá, y fondear el desarrollo de software y tutoriales. El "
+"monto por el licenciamiento de la marca se convirtió en el modelo de "
+"generación de ganancias para Arduino."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2701
+msgid ""
+"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
+"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
+"had some fears about protecting the Arduino name, thinking people would be "
+"mad if they policed their brand. There was some early backlash with a "
+"project called Freeduino, but overall, trademarking and branding has been a "
+"critical tool for Arduino."
+msgstr ""
+"Los fundadores no siempre estuvieron de acuerdo en qué tanto abrir las "
+"cosas. David, que siempre fue el que proponía hacer las cosas de forma más "
+"abierta, tenía sus miedos acerca del registro de la marca, pensando que la "
+"comunidad se enojaría con ellos si controlaban el uso de la marca. Hubo algo "
+"de fricción al inicio de la vida del proyecto con otro llamado Freeduino, "
+"pero en la gran escala, el registro de marca y logotipo ha sido una "
+"herramienta crítica para Arduino."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2714
+msgid ""
+"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
+"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
+"needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up "
+"certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the "
+"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. "
+"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing "
+"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the "
+"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
+"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played "
+"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, "
"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2"
msgstr ""
-"David invita a individuos y negocios comenzar siguiendo la estrategia de compartir todo, y sólo entonces pensar acerca de si hay algo que verdaderamente requiere ser protegido, y por qué. Hay muchas buenas razones para no abrir ciertos elementos. Esta estrategia de abrirlo todo es claramente el opuesto absoluto de cómo funciona el mundo actual, donde nada es compartido. Tom sugiere que los negocios formalicen qué elementos se basan en compartir abiertamente y cuáles son cerrados. Un artículo en el blog de Arduino en 2013, titulado ”Envía a los clones”, escrito por uno de los fundadores, Massimo Banzi, explica a profundidad las complejidades de cómo les ha resultado el registro de su marca, distinguiendo entre tarjetas oficiales y "
-"aquellas que son clones, derivados, compatibles, y falsificados.2"
+"David invita a individuos y negocios comenzar siguiendo la estrategia de "
+"compartir todo, y sólo entonces pensar acerca de si hay algo que "
+"verdaderamente requiere ser protegido, y por qué. Hay muchas buenas razones "
+"para no abrir ciertos elementos. Esta estrategia de abrirlo todo es "
+"claramente el opuesto absoluto de cómo funciona el mundo actual, donde nada "
+"es compartido. Tom sugiere que los negocios formalicen qué elementos se "
+"basan en compartir abiertamente y cuáles son cerrados. Un artículo en el "
+"blog de Arduino en 2013, titulado ”Envía a los clones”, escrito por uno de "
+"los fundadores, Massimo Banzi, explica a profundidad las complejidades de "
+"cómo les ha resultado el registro de su marca, distinguiendo entre tarjetas "
+"oficiales y aquellas que son clones, derivados, compatibles, y falsificados.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
-msgid "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things that help other people make things.”"
-msgstr "Para David, un aspecto excitante de Arduino es la forma en que mucha gente puede utilizarlo para adaptar a la tecnología de tantas formas distintas. La tecnología siempre posibilita la creación de mas cosas, pero no siempre se enfoca en facilitar utilizarla y adaptarla. Aquí es donde entra Arduino. El objetivo de Arduino es ”hacer cosas que ayuden a otras personas a hacer cosas.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2720
+msgid ""
+"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
+"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
+"more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and "
+"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things that "
+"help other people make things.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Para David, un aspecto excitante de Arduino es la forma en que mucha gente "
+"puede utilizarlo para adaptar a la tecnología de tantas formas distintas. La "
+"tecnología siempre posibilita la creación de mas cosas, pero no siempre se "
+"enfoca en facilitar utilizarla y adaptarla. Aquí es donde entra Arduino. El "
+"objetivo de Arduino es ”hacer cosas que ayuden a otras personas a hacer "
+"cosas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
-msgid "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”"
-msgstr "Arduino ha sido enormemente exitoso en hacer que la tecnología y la electrónica alcancen a una mayor audiencia. Para Tom, Arduino siempre ha sido acerca de ”la democratización de la tecnología.” Tom ve la estrategia abierta de Arduino como una forma de ayudar al mundo superar la idea de que la tecnología debe estar protegida. Tom dice, ”la tecnología es un tipo de alfabetización que todos debieran aprender.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
+msgid ""
+"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
+"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
+"democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as "
+"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom "
+"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Arduino ha sido enormemente exitoso en hacer que la tecnología y la "
+"electrónica alcancen a una mayor audiencia. Para Tom, Arduino siempre ha "
+"sido acerca de ”la democratización de la tecnología.” Tom ve la estrategia "
+"abierta de Arduino como una forma de ayudar al mundo superar la idea de que "
+"la tecnología debe estar protegida. Tom dice, ”la tecnología es un tipo de "
+"alfabetización que todos debieran aprender.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
-msgid "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for manufacturing."
-msgstr "A fin de cuentas, para Arduino, abrirse ha resultado un buen negocio — bueno para el desarrollo del producto, bueno para su distribución, bueno para los precios, y bueno para la manufactura."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
+msgid ""
+"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
+"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
+"manufacturing."
+msgstr ""
+"A fin de cuentas, para Arduino, abrirse ha resultado un buen negocio — bueno "
+"para el desarrollo del producto, bueno para su distribución, bueno para los "
+"precios, y bueno para la manufactura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2734 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6029 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "Web links"
msgstr "Vínculos Web"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-70\"></span>Ártica"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-70\"></span>Ártica"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+msgid "Ártica"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
-msgid "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and culture. Founded in 2011 in Uruguay."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+msgid ""
+"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
+"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
+"culture. Founded in 2011 in Uruguay."
msgstr ""
"Ártica brinda cursos en línea y servicios de consultoría enfocados en cómo "
"usar la tecnología digital para compartir conocimiento y hacer posible la "
"colaboración en las artes y la cultura. Fundada en 2011 en Uruguay."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr "Modelo de ganancia: cobrar por servicios personalizados"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: 9 de marzo de 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr "Entravistados: Mariana Fossatti y Jorge Gemetto, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2903 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3058 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4520 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5611 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6282 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6720 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6898 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7270
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Perfil escrito por Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758
-msgid "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the niche in which their small business operates is essentially one they built themselves."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756
+msgid ""
+"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
+"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
+"niche in which their small business operates is essentially one they built "
+"themselves."
msgstr ""
"La historia del negocio de Mariana Fossatti y Jorge Gemetto, Ártica, es el "
"ejemplo definitivo de «hágalo usted mismo». No solo son empresarios "
"que ellos construyeron por sí mismos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr "El trabajo de sus sueños no existía, así que lo crearon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2770
-msgid "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768
+msgid ""
+"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
+"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
+"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were "
+"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts "
+"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and "
+"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
+"Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people "
+"and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
msgstr ""
"En 2011, Mariana era una socióloga trabajando para una organización "
"internacional para desarrollar investigación y educación en línea, acerca de "
"crean proyectos artísticos y culturales en la Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2781
-msgid "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and Mariana live in Uruguay, and the other two full-time employees, who Jorge and Mariana have never actually met in person, live in Spain. They started by creating a MOOC (massive open online course) about remix culture and collaboration in the arts, which gave them a direct way to reach an international audience, attracting students from across Latin America and Spain. In other words, it is the classic Internet story of being able to directly tap into an audience without relying upon gatekeepers or intermediaries."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2779
+msgid ""
+"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
+"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
+"Mariana live in Uruguay, and the other two full-time employees, who Jorge "
+"and Mariana have never actually met in person, live in Spain. They started "
+"by creating a MOOC (massive open online course) about remix culture and "
+"collaboration in the arts, which gave them a direct way to reach an "
+"international audience, attracting students from across Latin America and "
+"Spain. In other words, it is the classic Internet story of being able to "
+"directly tap into an audience without relying upon gatekeepers or "
+"intermediaries."
msgstr ""
"Ártica se siente como un negocio singularmente del siglo 21. La pequeña "
"compañía tiene un presencia en línea global, sin ninguna oficina física. "
"intermediarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
-msgid "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized services."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788
+msgid ""
+"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
+"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
+"it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt "
+"their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student "
+"or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and "
+"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they "
+"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services."
msgstr ""
"Ártica ofrece educación personalizada y servicios de consultoría, y ayuda a "
"sus clientes a implementar proyectos. Todos estos servicios son hechos a la "
"personalizados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
-msgid "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer classes on more specialized topics."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795
+msgid ""
+"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
+"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
+"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now "
+"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. "
+"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer "
+"classes on more specialized topics."
msgstr ""
"Cuando empezaron, ofrecían un número más pequeño de cursos para atraer "
"grandes audiencias. «A lo largo de los años, nos dimos cuenta que las "
"especializados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
-msgid "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event planning to marketing campaigns. Some are significant in scope, particularly when they work with cultural institutions, and some are smaller projects commissioned by individual artists."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2801
+msgid ""
+"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
+"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
+"planning to marketing campaigns. Some are significant in scope, particularly "
+"when they work with cultural institutions, and some are smaller projects "
+"commissioned by individual artists."
msgstr ""
"Los cursos en línea son su principal fuente de ingresos, pero también hacen "
"más de una docena de proyectos de consultoría cada año, que van desde "
"individuales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809
-msgid "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new resource they create opens new doors."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2807
+msgid ""
+"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
+"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
+"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take "
+"the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new "
+"resource they create opens new doors."
msgstr ""
"Ártica también busca financiamiento público y privado para proyectos "
"específicos. Algunas veces, incluso si no tienen éxito en subsidiar un "
"les lleva a algo nuevo, cada nuevo recurso que crean abre nuevas puertas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2821
msgid ""
-"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are willing "
-"to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.”"
+"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
+"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
+"blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
+"BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest "
+"freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be "
+"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix "
+"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online "
+"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep "
+"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do "
+"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are "
+"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a "
+"fair and ethical agreement.”"
msgstr ""
"Ártica depende fuertemente en su contenido licenciado de forma libre con "
-"Creative Commons para atraer nuevos estudiantes y clientes. Todo lo que "
-"crean—educación en línea, artículos para el blog, vídeos—está publicado bajo "
-"una licencia de Atribución-CompartirIgual (CC BY-SA). «Usamos una licencia "
+"Creative Commons para atraer nuevos estudiantes y clientes. Todo lo que crean"
+"—educación en línea, artículos para el blog, vídeos—está publicado bajo una "
+"licencia de Atribución-CompartirIgual (CC BY-SA). «Usamos una licencia "
"CompartirIgual porque queremos dar la mayor libertad a nuestros estudiantes "
"y lectores, y también queremos que esa libertad sea viral,» dijo Jorge. Para "
"ellos, darle a otras personas el derecho a reusar y remezclar sus contenidos "
"un acuerdo justo y ético.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2829
-msgid "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A few years ago, a publisher even picked up one of their e-books and distributed printed copies. Ártica views reuse of their work as a way to open up new opportunities for their business."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2827
+msgid ""
+"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
+"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
+"few years ago, a publisher even picked up one of their e-books and "
+"distributed printed copies. Ártica views reuse of their work as a way to "
+"open up new opportunities for their business."
msgstr ""
"Ellos también creen que compartir sus ideas y experiencia de forma abierta "
"les ayuda a construir su reputación y visibilidad. Las personas con "
"oportunidades para su negocio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838
-msgid "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2836
+msgid ""
+"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
+"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
+"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. "
+"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, "
+"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first "
+"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can "
+"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”"
msgstr ""
"Esta convicción de que la apertura crea nuevas oportunidades refleja otra "
"convicción––en la serendipia. Cuando describen su proceso para crear "
"complejo en el futuro, como un curso o un libro.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
-msgid "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844
+msgid ""
+"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
+"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
+"get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” "
+"Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they "
+"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many "
+"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product."
msgstr ""
"En lugar de planear su trabajo por adelantado, ellos dejan que su proceso "
"creativo sea dinámico. «Esto no significa que no necesitamos trabajar duro "
"importante como el producto final."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
-msgid "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the relationships.”"
-msgstr ""
-"Las personas y las relaciones también son así de importantes, a veces más. «"
-"En el negocio educacional y cultural, es más importante poner atención a las "
-"personas y al proceso, en lugar del contenido, formatos específicos o "
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
+msgid ""
+"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
+"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
+"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” "
+"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the "
+"relationships.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Las personas y las relaciones también son así de importantes, a veces más. "
+"«En el negocio educacional y cultural, es más importante poner atención a "
+"las personas y al proceso, en lugar del contenido, formatos específicos o "
"materiales,» dijo Mariana. «Los materiales y contenidos son fluidos. Lo "
"importante son las relaciones.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856
-msgid "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them and share their knowledge."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854
+msgid ""
+"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
+"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
+"and share their knowledge."
msgstr ""
"Ártica cree en el poder de la red. Ellos buscan hacer conexiones con "
"personas e instituciones a través del mundo para poder aprender de estas y "
"compartir sus conocimientos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2867
-msgid "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art and culture."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2865
+msgid ""
+"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
+"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
+"stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are "
+"activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to "
+"modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the "
+"intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their "
+"efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural "
+"institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief "
+"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art "
+"and culture."
msgstr ""
"En el centro de todo lo que Ártica hace están un conjunto de valores. «Un "
"contenido bueno no es suficiente,» dijo Jorge. «Nosotros también pensamos "
"cultura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
-msgid "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of collaborators on a case-by-case basis and hire contractors for specific projects. Whenever possible, they draw from artistic and cultural resources in the commons, and they rely on free software. Their operation is small, efficient, and sustainable, and because of that, it is a success."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2873
+msgid ""
+"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
+"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
+"collaborators on a case-by-case basis and hire contractors for specific "
+"projects. Whenever possible, they draw from artistic and cultural resources "
+"in the commons, and they rely on free software. Their operation is small, "
+"efficient, and sustainable, and because of that, it is a success."
msgstr ""
"Por supuesto, Ártica también ha hecho suficiente dinero para cobrar sus "
"gastos. Los recursos humanos son, por mucho, su gasto más grande. Ellos "
"eficiente y sostenible, y por esto, es un éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
-msgid "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2879
+msgid ""
+"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
+"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
+"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For "
+"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and "
+"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively."
msgstr ""
"«Hay muchas personas ofreciendo cursos en línea,» dijo Jorge. «Pero es fácil "
"diferenciarnos. Tenemos un enfoque que es muy específico y persona.» El "
"hacerlo de forma sostenible y colaborativa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
-msgid "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of what it looks like.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
+msgid ""
+"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
+"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
+"from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they "
+"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of "
+"what it looks like.”"
msgstr ""
"En su trabajo con artistas más jóvenes, Mariana y Jorge tratan de hacer "
"énfasis en que este modelo de éxito es tan valioso como la imagen de éxito "
"cómo se ve.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-71\"></span>Blender Institute"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-71\"></span>Blender Institute"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
+msgid "Blender Institute"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
-msgid "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
+msgid ""
+"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
+"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
"El Blender Institute es un estudio de animación que crea películas 3-D "
"utilizando el software Blender. Fundado en 2006 en los Países Bajos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr "www.blender.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
-msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
+"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ganancia: crowdfunding (basado en subscripción), cobrando por "
"copias físicas, venta de mercancía"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 8 de marzo, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Francesco Siddi, coordinador de producción"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2912
-msgid "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software available under a free software license has been integral to its development and popularity. Using that software to make movies that were licensed with Creative Commons pushed that development even further. Sharing enables people to participate and to interact with and build upon the technology and content they create in a way that benefits Blender and its community in concrete ways."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2910
+msgid ""
+"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
+"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
+"available under a free software license has been integral to its development "
+"and popularity. Using that software to make movies that were licensed with "
+"Creative Commons pushed that development even further. Sharing enables "
+"people to participate and to interact with and build upon the technology and "
+"content they create in a way that benefits Blender and its community in "
+"concrete ways."
msgstr ""
"Para Ton Rosendaal, el creador del programa Blender y sus entidades "
"relacionadas, el compartir es algo práctico. Hacer su software de creación "
"Blender y a su comunidad de maneras concretas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
-msgid "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as well. The creative process also enhances the development of the Blender software because the technical team responds directly to the needs of the film production team, creating tools and features that make their lives easier. And, of course, each project involves a long, rewarding process for the creative and technical community working together."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2919
+msgid ""
+"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
+"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
+"well. The creative process also enhances the development of the Blender "
+"software because the technical team responds directly to the needs of the "
+"film production team, creating tools and features that make their lives "
+"easier. And, of course, each project involves a long, rewarding process for "
+"the creative and technical community working together."
msgstr ""
"Cada proyecto de película abierta que lleva a cabo Blender produce una "
"cantidad de productos de licenciamiento libre, no únicamente la película "
"en conjunto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927
-msgid "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2925
+msgid ""
+"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
+"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
+"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t "
+"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”"
msgstr ""
"En vez de únicamente hablar de los beneficios teóricos de compartir y de la "
"cultura libre, a Ton le gusta más hacer cultura libre. El coordinador de "
"contenido empleando tus propias herramientas, no estás haciendo nada.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2937
-msgid "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his animation studio based in the Netherlands. Investors became interested in the software, so he began marketing the software to the public, offering a free version in addition to a paid version. Sales were disappointing, and his investors gave up on the endeavor in the early 2000s. He made a deal with investors—if he could raise enough money, he could then make the Blender software available under the GNU General Public License."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935
+msgid ""
+"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
+"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
+"animation studio based in the Netherlands. Investors became interested in "
+"the software, so he began marketing the software to the public, offering a "
+"free version in addition to a paid version. Sales were disappointing, and "
+"his investors gave up on the endeavor in the early 2000s. He made a deal "
+"with investors—if he could raise enough money, he could then make the "
+"Blender software available under the GNU General Public License."
msgstr ""
"La historia de Blender comienza a fines de la década de los noventa, cuando "
"Ton creó el programa Blender. Originalmente, este programa era un recurso "
"bajo la Licencia Pública General GNU."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
-msgid "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that the project could live.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2945
+msgid ""
+"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
+"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
+"raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for "
+"anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, "
+"however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco "
+"told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of "
+"how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, "
+"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that "
+"the project could live.”"
msgstr ""
"Esto fue mucho antes de que Kickstarter y otros sitios en línea de "
"crowdfunding existieran, pero Ton hizo su propia versión de una campaña de "
"comunidad de desarrolladores para que el proyecto pudiera vivir.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2954
-msgid "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952
+msgid ""
+"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
+"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
+"should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is "
+"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender "
+"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance."
msgstr ""
"Como cualquier proyecto exitoso de software libre y de fuentes abiertas, "
"Blender se desarrolló rápidamente pues la comunidad podía hacer correcciones "
"administrar al desarrollo y mantenimiento de software."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
-msgid "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the Blender software. Ton put a call online for all interested and skilled artists. Francesco said the idea was to get the best artists available, put them in a building together with the best developers, and have them work together. They would not only produce high-quality openly licensed content, they would improve the Blender software in the process."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961
+msgid ""
+"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
+"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
+"Blender software. Ton put a call online for all interested and skilled "
+"artists. Francesco said the idea was to get the best artists available, put "
+"them in a building together with the best developers, and have them work "
+"together. They would not only produce high-quality openly licensed content, "
+"they would improve the Blender software in the process."
msgstr ""
"Después de algunos años, Ton comenzó a buscar nuevas maneras de impulsar el "
"desarrollo del software. Se le ocurrió la idea de crear películas "
"programa Blender."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
-msgid "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2968
+msgid ""
+"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
+"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
+"were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign "
+"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible "
+"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. "
+"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
msgstr ""
"Utilizaron al crowdfunding para financiar los costos del proyecto. Tenían "
"unas veinte personas trabajando a tiempo completo por entre seis y diez "
"creerlo.'”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2976
-msgid "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity dedicated to hosting open-movie projects. The Blender Institute’s next project was an even bigger success. The film, Big Buck Bunny, went viral, and its animated characters were picked up by marketers."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2974
+msgid ""
+"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
+"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
+"dedicated to hosting open-movie projects. The Blender Institute’s next "
+"project was an even bigger success. The film, Big Buck Bunny, went viral, "
+"and its animated characters were picked up by marketers."
msgstr ""
"La primera película, liberada en 2006, fue un experimento. Fue tan exitosa "
"que Ton decidió crear el Blender Institute, una entidad dedicada a hospedar "
"sus caracteres animados fueron recogidos por vendedores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2987
-msgid "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985
+msgid ""
+"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
+"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
+"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. "
+"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the "
+"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but "
+"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on "
+"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the "
+"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with "
+"us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”"
msgstr ""
"Francesco dice que, al paso del tiempo, los proyectos del Blender Institute "
"se han hecho más grandes y prominentes. Eso significa que el proceso de "
"limitantes presupuestales.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
-msgid "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2993
+msgid ""
+"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
+"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
+"crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust "
+"Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective "
+"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community "
+"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said."
msgstr ""
"Blender ha tenido mucho éxito consiguiendo dinero de su comunidad a lo largo "
"de los años. De muchas maneras, se ha vuelto más fácil hacer el discurso de "
"comprende el beneficio de estos proyectos,” dice Francesco."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002
-msgid "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000
+msgid ""
+"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
+"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
+"some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a "
+"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone goes "
+"home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”"
msgstr ""
"Si bien los beneficios derivados de cada proyecto de película abierta son "
"por sí solos un discurso de ventas efectivo para las campañas de "
"entonces termina. Eso es un problema.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
-"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender Cloud, a subscription-style crowdfunding model akin to the online crowdfunding platform, Patreon. For about ten euros each month, subscribers get access to download everything the Blender Institute produces—software, art, training, and more. All of the assets are available under an Attribution license (CC BY) or placed in the public domain (CC0), but they are initially made available only to subscribers. Blender Cloud enables subscribers to follow Blender’s movie projects as they develop, sharing detailed information and content used in the creative process. Blender Cloud also has "
-"extensive training materials and libraries of characters and other assets used in various projects."
+"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
+"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
+"Cloud, a subscription-style crowdfunding model akin to the online "
+"crowdfunding platform, Patreon. For about ten euros each month, subscribers "
+"get access to download everything the Blender Institute produces—software, "
+"art, training, and more. All of the assets are available under an "
+"Attribution license (CC BY) or placed in the public domain (CC0), but they "
+"are initially made available only to subscribers. Blender Cloud enables "
+"subscribers to follow Blender’s movie projects as they develop, sharing "
+"detailed information and content used in the creative process. Blender Cloud "
+"also has extensive training materials and libraries of characters and other "
+"assets used in various projects."
msgstr ""
"Para hacer su trabajo más sustentable, necesitaban una manera de recibir "
"apoyo continuo, no proyecto por proyecto. Su solución es Blender Cloud, un "
"otros materiales utilizados en varios proyectos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
-msgid "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, “and for artists, freedom is everything.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3019
+msgid ""
+"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
+"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
+"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, "
+"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”"
msgstr ""
"El apoyo financiero continuo que provee Blender Cloud cubre el costo de "
"entre cinco y seis empleados de tiempo completo en Blender Institute. "
"nuesra libertad,” nos dice, ”y para los artistas, la libertad lo es todo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028
-msgid "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes toward software development and maintenance. The revenue streams of the Institute and Foundation are deliberately kept separate. Blender also has other revenue streams, such as the Blender Store, where people can purchase DVDs, T-shirts, and other Blender products."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
+msgid ""
+"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
+"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
+"toward software development and maintenance. The revenue streams of the "
+"Institute and Foundation are deliberately kept separate. Blender also has "
+"other revenue streams, such as the Blender Store, where people can purchase "
+"DVDs, T-shirts, and other Blender products."
msgstr ""
"Blender Cloud es el principal flujo de ingresos para Blender Institute. La "
"Blender Foundation obtiene sus fondos principalmente por donaciones, y ese "
"productos Blender."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3033
-msgid "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making the software and the content produced with the software free and open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3031
+msgid ""
+"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
+"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
+"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. "
+"Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
msgstr ""
"Ton ha trabajado en proyectos relacionados con su programa Blender por cerca "
"de veinte años. Durante la mayor parte de este tiempo, ha estado "
"abierto. Vender una licencia nunca fue parte de su modelo de negocios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
-msgid "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to reproduce what you did,” Ton said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+msgid ""
+"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
+"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
+"Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes "
+"this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and "
+"production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original "
+"sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to "
+"reproduce what you did,” Ton said."
msgstr ""
"Desde 2006, ha liberado tanto las peliculas como todo su material fuente. "
"Dice que prácticamente nunca ha visto que terceras personas se pongan los "
"presupuesto reproducir lo que hiciste”, dijo Ton."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr "Para Ton y Blender, a fin de cuentas todo se trata de hacer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-72\"></span>Cards Against Humanity"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
+msgid "Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
-msgid "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+msgid ""
+"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
+"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3063
-msgid "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061
+msgid ""
+"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
+"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
+"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
-msgid "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3069
+msgid ""
+"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
+"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
+"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their "
+"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are "
+"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind "
+"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
+"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3077
-msgid "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is the number-one best-selling item out of all toys and games on Amazon. There are official expansion packs available, and several official themed packs and international editions as well."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
+msgid ""
+"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
+"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
+"the number-one best-selling item out of all toys and games on Amazon. There "
+"are official expansion packs available, and several official themed packs "
+"and international editions as well."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
-msgid "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than one million people have downloaded the game since the company began tracking the numbers."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3080
+msgid ""
+"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
+"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
+"one million people have downloaded the game since the company began tracking "
+"the numbers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3088
-msgid "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can create new versions of the game as long as they make it available under the same noncommercial terms. The ability to adapt the game is like an entire new game unto itself."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
+msgid ""
+"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
+"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
+"create new versions of the game as long as they make it available under the "
+"same noncommercial terms. The ability to adapt the game is like an entire "
+"new game unto itself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091
-msgid "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free download, the"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3093
-msgid "openness to fans remixing the game—give"
+msgid ""
+"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
+"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
+"cult following."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3095
-msgid "the game a massive cult following."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
+msgid ""
+"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
+"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
+"Temkin and his friends put together for their own amusement. As Max tells "
+"the story, they made the game so they could play it themselves on New Year’s "
+"Eve because they were too nerdy to be invited to other parties. The game was "
+"a hit, so they decided to put it up online as a free PDF. People started "
+"asking if they could pay to have the game printed for them, and eventually "
+"they decided to run a Kickstarter to fund the printing. They set their "
+"Kickstarter goal at \\$4,000—and raised \\$15,000. The game was officially "
+"released in May 2011."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
-msgid "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max Temkin and his friends put together for their own amusement. As Max tells the story, they made the game so they could play it themselves on New Year’s Eve because they were too nerdy to be invited to other parties. The game was a hit, so they decided to put it up online as a free PDF. People started asking if they could pay to have the game printed for them, and eventually they decided to run a Kickstarter to fund the printing. They set their Kickstarter goal at \\$4,000—and raised \\$15,000. The game was officially released in May 2011."
+msgid ""
+"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
+"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
+"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3110
-msgid "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111
+msgid ""
+"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
+"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
+"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb "
+"questions.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3115
-msgid "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb questions.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
+msgid ""
+"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
+"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
+"illustrate this particularly well. For those outside the United States, "
+"Black Friday is the term for the day after the Thanksgiving holiday, the "
+"biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for "
+"Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they "
+"struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to "
+"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, "
+"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what "
+"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything "
+"Costs \\$5 More sale."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
-"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday illustrate this particularly well. For those outside the United States, Black Friday is the term for the day after the Thanksgiving holiday, the biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything Costs \\$5 More "
-"sale."
+"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
+"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
+"People totally caught the joke.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3131
-msgid "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. People totally caught the joke.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132
+msgid ""
+"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
+"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
+"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that "
+"there is transparency about what you are doing.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3136
-msgid "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that there is transparency about what you are doing.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3139
+msgid ""
+"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
+"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
+"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity \\$5 event, where people "
+"literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make "
+"the joke funnier by making it successful. They made \\$70,000 in a single "
+"day."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3143
-msgid "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity \\$5 event, where people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made \\$70,000 in a single day."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3150
+msgid ""
+"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
+"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
+"customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards "
+"Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there "
+"are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max "
+"said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the "
+"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It "
+"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost "
+"of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many "
+"benefits.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3154
-msgid "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many benefits.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
+msgid ""
+"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
+"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
+"Creative Commons license gives fans of Cards Against Humanity the freedom to "
+"run with the game and copy, adapt, and promote their creations openly. Today "
+"there are thousands of fan expansions of the game."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3161
-msgid "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The Creative Commons license gives fans of Cards Against Humanity the freedom to run with the game and copy, adapt, and promote their creations openly. Today there are thousands of fan expansions of the game."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162
+msgid ""
+"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
+"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
+"unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the "
+"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3166
-msgid "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173
+msgid ""
+"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
+"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
+"because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also "
+"requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same "
+"licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also "
+"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand "
+"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the "
+"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, "
+"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where "
+"they had to get a lawyer involved."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
-msgid "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where they had to get a lawyer involved."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181
+msgid ""
+"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
+"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
+"every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The "
+"eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards "
+"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The "
+"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to "
+"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
-msgid "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190
+msgid ""
+"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
+"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
+"suggestions, but it is very rare that a submitted card is adopted. Instead, "
+"the eight initial creators remain the primary authors of expansion decks and "
+"other new products released by the company. Interestingly, the creativity "
+"of their customer base is really only an asset to the company once their "
+"original work is created and published when people make their own "
+"adaptations of the game."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
-msgid "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of suggestions, but it is very rare that a submitted card is adopted. Instead, the eight initial creators remain the primary authors of expansion decks and other new products released by the company. Interestingly, the creativity of their customer base is really only an asset to the company once their original work is created and published when people make their own adaptations of the game."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3196
+msgid ""
+"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
+"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
+"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and "
+"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he "
+"said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3200
-msgid "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3203
+msgid ""
+"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
+"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
+"interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our "
+"lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from "
+"the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game "
+"into it.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
-msgid "In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
+msgid ""
+"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
+"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
+"ended up being a savvy marketing move for the company, but nonetheless, "
+"giving up exclusive control of your work necessarily means giving up some "
+"opportunities to extract more money from customers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3213
-msgid "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing ended up being a savvy marketing move for the company, but nonetheless, giving up exclusive control of your work necessarily means giving up some opportunities to extract more money from customers."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214
+msgid ""
+"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
+"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
+"strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and "
+"who you are and why you’re making things.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
-msgid "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and who you are and why you’re making things.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+msgid "The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-73\"></span>The Conversation"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
-msgid "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia."
+msgid ""
+"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
+"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
+"Founded in 2011 in Australia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
-msgid "Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
+"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
-msgid "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3249
-msgid "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather than opinion or ideology. He believed there was still an appetite for journalism with depth and substance but was concerned about the increasing focus on the sensational and sexy."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3239
msgid ""
-"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a "
-"perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to the wider public."
+"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
+"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
+"Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the "
+"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. "
+"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t "
+"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3278
-msgid "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought about pairing professional editors with university and research experts, working one-on-one to refine everything from story structure to headline, captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing whatever they want."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3245
+msgid ""
+"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
+"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
+"than opinion or ideology. He believed there was still an appetite for "
+"journalism with depth and substance but was concerned about the increasing "
+"focus on the sensational and sexy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
-msgid "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), the University of Melbourne, Monash University, the University of Technology Sydney, and the University of Western Australia. These founding partners saw the value of an independent information channel that would also showcase the talent and knowledge of the university and research sector. With their help, in 2011, the Conversation, was launched as an independent news site in Australia. Everything published in the Conversation is openly licensed with Creative Commons."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3263
+msgid ""
+"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
+"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
+"astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These "
+"were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the "
+"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. "
+"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists "
+"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a "
+"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or "
+"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want "
+"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect "
+"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, "
+"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—"
+"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal "
+"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but "
+"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good "
+"at presenting their expertise to the wider public."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3274
+msgid ""
+"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
+"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
+"about pairing professional editors with university and research experts, "
+"working one-on-one to refine everything from story structure to headline, "
+"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic "
+"into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
+"difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a "
+"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. "
+"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing "
+"whatever they want."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3298
-msgid "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3285
+msgid ""
+"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
+"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
+"Research Organisation (CSIRO), the University of Melbourne, Monash "
+"University, the University of Technology Sydney, and the University of "
+"Western Australia. These founding partners saw the value of an independent "
+"information channel that would also showcase the talent and knowledge of the "
+"university and research sector. With their help, in 2011, the Conversation, "
+"was launched as an independent news site in Australia. Everything published "
+"in the Conversation is openly licensed with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294
msgid ""
-"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of conduct.1 These include fully disclosing who every author is (with their relevant expertise); who is funding their research; and if there are any potential or real conflicts of interest. Also important is where the content originates, and even though it comes from the university and research community, it still needs to be fully disclosed. The Conversation does not sit behind a paywall. Andrew believes access to information is an issue of equality—everyone should have access, like access to clean water. The Conversation is committed to an open and free Internet. Everyone should "
-"have free access to their content, and be able to share it or republish it."
+"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
+"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
+"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of "
+"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public "
+"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information "
+"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide "
+"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
-msgid "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the Attribution-"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3307
+msgid ""
+"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
+"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
+"conduct.1 These include fully disclosing who every author is (with their "
+"relevant expertise); who is funding their research; and if there are any "
+"potential or real conflicts of interest. Also important is where the content "
+"originates, and even though it comes from the university and research "
+"community, it still needs to be fully disclosed. The Conversation does not "
+"sit behind a paywall. Andrew believes access to information is an issue of "
+"equality—everyone should have access, like access to clean water. The "
+"Conversation is committed to an open and free Internet. Everyone should have "
+"free access to their content, and be able to share it or republish it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
-msgid "NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to everything the Conversation does."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3318
+msgid ""
+"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
+"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
+"others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the "
+"content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites "
+"have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 "
+"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-"
+"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative "
+"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to "
+"everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3330
-msgid "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown primarily through word of mouth. While they don’t have sales and marketing, they do promote their work through social media (including Twitter and Facebook), and by being an accredited supplier to Google News."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3325
+msgid ""
+"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
+"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
+"primarily through word of mouth. While they don’t have sales and marketing, "
+"they do promote their work through social media (including Twitter and "
+"Facebook), and by being an accredited supplier to Google News."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
-msgid "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the Conversation that they wanted to create a public good rather than make money off of information. Most media companies are working to aggregate as many eyeballs as possible and sell ads. The Conversation founders didn’t want this model. It takes no advertising and is a not-for-profit venture."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3333
+msgid ""
+"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
+"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
+"Conversation that they wanted to create a public good rather than make money "
+"off of information. Most media companies are working to aggregate as many "
+"eyeballs as possible and sell ads. The Conversation founders didn’t want "
+"this model. It takes no advertising and is a not-for-profit venture."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
-msgid "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for Australia. All five editions have their own editorial mastheads, advisory boards, and content. The Conversation’s global virtual newsroom has roughly ninety staff working with thirty-five thousand academics from over sixteen hundred universities around the world. The Conversation would like to be working with university scholars from even more parts of the world."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342
+msgid ""
+"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
+"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
+"Australia. All five editions have their own editorial mastheads, advisory "
+"boards, and content. The Conversation’s global virtual newsroom has roughly "
+"ninety staff working with thirty-five thousand academics from over sixteen "
+"hundred universities around the world. The Conversation would like to be "
+"working with university scholars from even more parts of the world."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354
-msgid "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, corporates, institutions, and individual donations, but the Conversation is shifting toward paid memberships by universities and research institutions to sustain operations. This would safeguard the current service and help improve coverage and features."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349
+msgid ""
+"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
+"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
+"corporates, institutions, and individual donations, but the Conversation is "
+"shifting toward paid memberships by universities and research institutions "
+"to sustain operations. This would safeguard the current service and help "
+"improve coverage and features."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3360
-msgid "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on the editorial advisory board."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3355
+msgid ""
+"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
+"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
+"website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” "
+"Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on "
+"the editorial advisory board."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
-msgid "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also get access to a large audience. Every author and member university has access to a special analytics dashboard where they can check the reach of an article. The metrics include what people are tweeting, the comments, countries the readership represents, where the article is being republished, and the number of readers per article."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363
+msgid ""
+"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
+"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
+"get access to a large audience. Every author and member university has "
+"access to a special analytics dashboard where they can check the reach of an "
+"article. The metrics include what people are tweeting, the comments, "
+"countries the readership represents, where the article is being republished, "
+"and the number of readers per article."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
-msgid "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a result of publication, including things like a scholar being asked to go on a show to discuss their piece, give a talk at a conference, collaborate, submit a journal paper, and consult a company on a topic."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
+msgid ""
+"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
+"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
+"result of publication, including things like a scholar being asked to go on "
+"a show to discuss their piece, give a talk at a conference, collaborate, "
+"submit a journal paper, and consult a company on a topic."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
-msgid "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re of value."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3373
+msgid ""
+"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
+"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
+"of value."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
-msgid "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public good and operational revenue at the same time."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
+msgid ""
+"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
+"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
+"citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model "
+"and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public "
+"good and operational revenue at the same time."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5785 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-74\"></span>Cory Doctorow"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
+msgid "Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
-msgid "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. Based in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+msgid ""
+"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
+"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3398
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
+"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3409
-msgid "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most important thing I know how to do.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
-msgid "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them sharing it."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
+msgid ""
+"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
+"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
+"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. "
+"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this "
+"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
+"important thing I know how to do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422
-msgid "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, his work has been published under a Creative Commons license. Cory is coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408
+msgid ""
+"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
+"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
+"sharing it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3426
-msgid "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for his work."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
+msgid ""
+"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
+"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
+"his work has been published under a Creative Commons license. Cory is "
+"coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about "
+"technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several "
+"nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be "
+"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3421
msgid ""
-"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of restrictive copyright and digital-rights-management (DRM) technology used to lock up content because he thinks both undermine creators and the public interest. He is currently a special adviser at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I have "
-"this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.”"
+"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
+"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
+"his work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3452
-msgid "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3436
+msgid ""
+"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
+"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
+"restrictive copyright and digital-rights-management (DRM) technology used to "
+"lock up content because he thinks both undermine creators and the public "
+"interest. He is currently a special adviser at the Electronic Frontier "
+"Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that "
+"protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, "
+"but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more "
+"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work "
+"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I "
+"have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, "
+"the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes "
+"people to like what I do would be gone.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3447
+msgid ""
+"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
+"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
+"stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get "
+"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery "
+"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it "
+"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.” "
+"He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but he says he "
+"would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he wrote. “Long "
+"before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep "
+"myself sane.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3460
-msgid "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses symbolizes his worldview."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3455
+msgid ""
+"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
+"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
+"Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his "
+"decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t "
+"contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been "
+"created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses "
+"symbolizes his worldview."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3468
-msgid "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them thieves,” he said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3463
+msgid ""
+"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
+"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
+"controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with "
+"CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC "
+"license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince "
+"people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them "
+"thieves,” he said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3479
-msgid "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474
+msgid ""
+"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
+"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
+"with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and "
+"his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, "
+"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a "
+"relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful "
+"career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a "
+"book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, "
+"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
-msgid "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his book to break even. People often said he was only able to use CC licenses successfully at that time because he was just starting out. Now they say he can only do it because he is an established author."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3480
+msgid ""
+"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
+"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
+"book to break even. People often said he was only able to use CC licenses "
+"successfully at that time because he was just starting out. Now they say he "
+"can only do it because he is an established author."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3492
-msgid "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3487
+msgid ""
+"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
+"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
+"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for "
+"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, "
+"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3500
msgid ""
-"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney "
-"is pretty slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”"
+"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
+"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
+"you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they "
+"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool "
+"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney "
+"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a "
+"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience "
+"can’t guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being "
+"able to remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the "
+"creative industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is "
+"pretty slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513
msgid ""
-"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only verbatim copying for noncommercial purposes. His later work is published under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA), which gives people the right to adapt his work for noncommercial purposes but only if they share it back under the same license terms. Before releasing his work under a CC license that allows adaptations, he always sells the right to translate the book to other languages to a commercial publisher first. He wants to reach new potential buyers in other parts of the world, and he thinks it is more difficult to get people to pay for translations if "
-"there are fan translations already available for free."
+"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
+"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
+"verbatim copying for noncommercial purposes. His later work is published "
+"under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA), which "
+"gives people the right to adapt his work for noncommercial purposes but only "
+"if they share it back under the same license terms. Before releasing his "
+"work under a CC license that allows adaptations, he always sells the right "
+"to translate the book to other languages to a commercial publisher first. He "
+"wants to reach new potential buyers in other parts of the world, and he "
+"thinks it is more difficult to get people to pay for translations if there "
+"are fan translations already available for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3525
msgid ""
-"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each spring, and they are blown into the air going in every direction. The strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that I’ll "
-"get something.”"
+"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
+"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
+"spring, and they are blown into the air going in every direction. The "
+"strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for "
+"continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out "
+"there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some "
+"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the "
+"likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some "
+"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that "
+"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that "
+"I’ll get something.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
-msgid "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3534
+msgid ""
+"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
+"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
+"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular "
+"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over "
+"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it "
+"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to "
+"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
-msgid "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will try to take control over his work."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543
+msgid ""
+"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
+"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
+"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one "
+"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed "
+"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically "
+"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for "
+"ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will "
+"try to take control over his work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
-msgid "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available for free. But he believes people are willing to pay for content they like, even when it is available for free, as long as it is easy to do. He was extremely successful using Humble Bundle, a platform that allows people to pay what they want for DRM-free versions of a bundle of a particular creator’s work. He is planning to try his own pay-what-you-want experiment soon."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3552
+msgid ""
+"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
+"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
+"for free. But he believes people are willing to pay for content they like, "
+"even when it is available for free, as long as it is easy to do. He was "
+"extremely successful using Humble Bundle, a platform that allows people to "
+"pay what they want for DRM-free versions of a bundle of a particular "
+"creator’s work. He is planning to try his own pay-what-you-want experiment "
+"soon."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
-msgid "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to those people who have been touched by your work.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3561
+msgid ""
+"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
+"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
+"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you "
+"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality "
+"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when "
+"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your "
+"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to "
+"those people who have been touched by your work.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
-msgid "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them into other people’s hands and minds.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+msgid ""
+"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
+"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
+"is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes "
+"in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them "
+"into other people’s hands and minds.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-75\"></span>Figshare"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
+msgid "Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
-msgid "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including figures, data sets, images, and videos. Founded in 2011 in the UK."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+msgid ""
+"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
+"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
+"figures, data sets, images, and videos. Founded in 2011 in the UK."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3600
-msgid "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does not allow."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3604
-msgid "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be trusted? Answers have evolved over time."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
+msgid ""
+"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
+"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
+"research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of "
+"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code"
+"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
+"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
+"is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does "
+"not allow."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
-msgid "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with videos of stem cells in motion. However, when he went to publish his research, there was no way for him to also publish the videos, figures, graphs, and data sets. This was frustrating. Mark believed publishing his complete research would lead to more citations and be better for his career."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3599
+msgid ""
+"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
+"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
+"trusted? Answers have evolved over time."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3618
-msgid "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become mainstream, and he believed it ought to be possible to put all his research online and share it with anyone. So he began working on a solution."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607
+msgid ""
+"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
+"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
+"videos of stem cells in motion. However, when he went to publish his "
+"research, there was no way for him to also publish the videos, figures, "
+"graphs, and data sets. This was frustrating. Mark believed publishing his "
+"complete research would lead to more citations and be better for his career."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
-msgid "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object ensuring the research is citable for the long term."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
+msgid ""
+"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
+"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
+"mainstream, and he believed it ought to be possible to put all his research "
+"online and share it with anyone. So he began working on a solution."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3629
-msgid "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as a series of numbers in the DOI name. Referring to an object by its DOI is more stable than referring to it by its URL, because the location of an object (the web page or URL) can often change. Mark partnered with DataCite for the provision of DOIs for research data."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617
+msgid ""
+"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
+"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
+"ensuring the research is citable for the long term."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635
-msgid "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3624
+msgid ""
+"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
+"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
+"a series of numbers in the DOI name. Referring to an object by its DOI is "
+"more stable than referring to it by its URL, because the location of an "
+"object (the web page or URL) can often change. Mark partnered with DataCite "
+"for the provision of DOIs for research data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
-msgid "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he opened it up for them to use, too."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
+msgid ""
+"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
+"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
+"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with "
+"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY "
+"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3647
-msgid "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of code raised new licensing issues, as Creative Commons licenses are not used for software. To allow the sharing of software code, Mark chose the MIT license, but GNU and Apache licenses can also be used."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635
+msgid ""
+"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
+"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
+"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he "
+"opened it up for them to use, too."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
-msgid "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest but insisted on a more viable business model. They made an initial investment, and together they came up with a freemium-like business model."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3642
+msgid ""
+"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
+"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
+"code raised new licensing issues, as Creative Commons licenses are not used "
+"for software. To allow the sharing of software code, Mark chose the MIT "
+"license, but GNU and Apache licenses can also be used."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3663
-msgid "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative Commons and receives a DOI link. The premium option charges researchers a fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3648
+msgid ""
+"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
+"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
+"but insisted on a more viable business model. They made an initial "
+"investment, and together they came up with a freemium-like business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3671
-msgid "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to Figshare. For example, researchers could quickly preview their research files within a browser without having to download them first or require third-party software. Journals who were still largely publishing articles as static noninteractive PDFs became interested in having Figshare provide that functionality for them."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3658
+msgid ""
+"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
+"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
+"Commons and receives a DOI link. The premium option charges researchers a "
+"fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space "
+"designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for "
+"larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up "
+"its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license "
+"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3680
-msgid "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666
+msgid ""
+"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
+"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
+"Figshare. For example, researchers could quickly preview their research "
+"files within a browser without having to download them first or require "
+"third-party software. Journals who were still largely publishing articles as "
+"static noninteractive PDFs became interested in having Figshare provide that "
+"functionality for them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
-msgid "research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3678
+msgid ""
+"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
+"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
+"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. "
+"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop "
+"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data "
+"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-"
+"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. "
+"Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of "
+"publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, "
+"to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for "
+"the data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
-msgid "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the research they fund be open and accessible. They mandated that researchers and academic institutions better manage and disseminate their research outputs. Institutions looking to comply with this new mandate became interested in Figshare. Figshare once again diversified its business model, adding services for institutions."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3686
+msgid ""
+"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
+"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
+"research they fund be open and accessible. They mandated that researchers "
+"and academic institutions better manage and disseminate their research "
+"outputs. Institutions looking to comply with this new mandate became "
+"interested in Figshare. Figshare once again diversified its business model, "
+"adding services for institutions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
-msgid "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that securely hosts research data of institutions in the cloud. Services include not just hosting but data metrics, data dissemination, and user-group administration. Figshare’s workflow, and the services they offer for institutions, take into account the needs of librarians and administrators, as well as of the researchers."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3694
+msgid ""
+"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
+"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
+"securely hosts research data of institutions in the cloud. Services include "
+"not just hosting but data metrics, data dissemination, and user-group "
+"administration. Figshare’s workflow, and the services they offer for "
+"institutions, take into account the needs of librarians and administrators, "
+"as well as of the researchers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
-msgid "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into the public domain). Funders who require researchers and institutions to use open licensing believe in the social responsibilities and benefits of making research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come to be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some institutions want to offer their researchers a choice, including less permissive licenses like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3705
+msgid ""
+"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
+"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
+"the public domain). Funders who require researchers and institutions to use "
+"open licensing believe in the social responsibilities and benefits of making "
+"research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come "
+"to be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some "
+"institutions want to offer their researchers a choice, including less "
+"permissive licenses like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA "
+"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3719
-msgid "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC BY is the best license for this. On the other hand, institutions were saying they wouldn’t use Figshare unless it offered a choice in licenses. He initially refused to offer anything beyond CC0 and CC BY, but after seeing an open-source CERN project offer all Creative Commons licenses without any negative repercussions, he decided to follow suit."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3713
+msgid ""
+"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
+"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
+"BY is the best license for this. On the other hand, institutions were saying "
+"they wouldn’t use Figshare unless it offered a choice in licenses. He "
+"initially refused to offer anything beyond CC0 and CC BY, but after seeing "
+"an open-source CERN project offer all Creative Commons licenses without any "
+"negative repercussions, he decided to follow suit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3726
-msgid "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics on views, citations, and downloads. You could see which license generates the biggest impact. If the data showed that CC BY is more impactful, Mark believes more and more researchers and institutions will make it their license of choice."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3720
+msgid ""
+"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
+"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
+"on views, citations, and downloads. You could see which license generates "
+"the biggest impact. If the data showed that CC BY is more impactful, Mark "
+"believes more and more researchers and institutions will make it their "
+"license of choice."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
-msgid "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of the variables.2"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729
+msgid ""
+"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
+"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
+"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal "
+"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid "
+"to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into "
+"an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data "
+"into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing "
+"any of the variables.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
-msgid "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option of using Creative Commons licenses."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739
+msgid ""
+"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
+"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
+"Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an "
+"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-"
+"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
+"presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what "
+"license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option "
+"of using Creative Commons licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3755
-msgid "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3749
+msgid ""
+"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
+"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
+"time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of "
+"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied "
+"solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would "
+"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-"
+"career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated "
+"open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3762
-msgid "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, 800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus collections, and 5,000–plus projects. Sixty percent of their traffic comes from Google. A sister company called Altmetric tracks the use of Figshare by others, including Wikipedia and news sources."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3756
+msgid ""
+"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
+"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
+"collections, and 5,000–plus projects. Sixty percent of their traffic comes "
+"from Google. A sister company called Altmetric tracks the use of Figshare by "
+"others, including Wikipedia and news sources."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768
msgid ""
-"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new "
-"discoveries."
+"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
+"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
+"researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping "
+"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—"
+"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees "
+"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was "
+"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. "
+"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. "
+"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to "
+"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
-msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+msgid ""
+"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
+"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
-msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+msgid ""
+"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
+"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-76\"></span>Figure.NZ"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+msgid "Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
-msgid "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+msgid ""
+"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
+"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791
-msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, sponsorships"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
+"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3808
msgid ""
-"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between availability and accessibility of information. Data is spread across thousands of sites and is held within databases and spreadsheets that require "
-"both time and skill to engage with. To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific question to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and manipulate complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the data set. Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to all, with a specific focus on New Zealand."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3823
-msgid "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and research that you often have to pay for."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3835
-msgid "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki New Zealand, the original idea was that people could contribute their data and visuals via a wiki. However, few people had graphs that could be used and shared, and there were no standards or consistency around the data and the visuals. Realizing the wiki model wasn’t working, Lillian brought the process of data aggregation, curation, and visual presentation in-house, and invested in the technology to help automate some of it. Wiki New Zealand became Figure.NZ, and efforts were reoriented toward providing services to those wanting to open their data and present it visually."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850
+"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
+"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
+"said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available "
+"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this "
+"meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that "
+"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—"
+"not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their "
+"businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
+"availability and accessibility of information. Data is spread across "
+"thousands of sites and is held within databases and spreadsheets that "
+"require both time and skill to engage with. To use data when making a "
+"decision, you have to know what specific question to ask, identify a source "
+"that has collected the data, and manipulate complex tools to extract and "
+"visualize the information within the data set. Lillian established Figure.NZ "
+"to make data truly accessible to all, with a specific focus on New Zealand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817
msgid ""
-"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and academics. Figure.NZ imports and extracts that data, and then validates and standardizes it—all with a strong eye on what will be best for users. They then make the data available in a series of standardized forms, both human- and machine-readable, with rich metadata about the sources, the licenses, and data types. Figure.NZ has a chart-designing tool that makes simple bar, line, and area graphs from any data source. The graphs are posted to the Figure.NZ website, and they can also be exported in a variety of formats for print or online use. Figure.NZ makes its data and graphs available "
-"using the Attribution (CC BY) license. This allows others to reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute Figure.NZ data and graphs as long as they give attribution to the original source and to Figure.NZ."
+"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
+"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
+"prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental "
+"productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to "
+"community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we "
+"addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the "
+"basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and "
+"research that you often have to pay for."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3829
msgid ""
-"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian spent time looking at what Creative Commons offered and thought it looked good, was clear, and made common sense. It was easy to use and easy for others to understand. Over time, she’s come to realize just how fortunate and important that decision turned out to be. New Zealand’s government has an open-access and licensing framework called NZGOAL, which provides guidance for agencies when they release copyrighted and noncopyrighted work and material.2 It aims to standardize the licensing of works with government copyright and how they can be reused, and it does this with Creative Commons "
-"licenses. As a result, 98 percent of all government-agency data is Creative Commons licensed, fitting in nicely with Figure.NZ’s decision."
+"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
+"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
+"New Zealand, the original idea was that people could contribute their data "
+"and visuals via a wiki. However, few people had graphs that could be used "
+"and shared, and there were no standards or consistency around the data and "
+"the visuals. Realizing the wiki model wasn’t working, Lillian brought the "
+"process of data aggregation, curation, and visual presentation in-house, and "
+"invested in the technology to help automate some of it. Wiki New Zealand "
+"became Figure.NZ, and efforts were reoriented toward providing services to "
+"those wanting to open their data and present it visually."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3875
-msgid "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we will see new and different models for business. Figure.NZ is set up as a nonprofit charity. It is purpose-driven but also strives to pay people well and thinks like a business. Lillian sees the charity-nonprofit status as an essential element for the mission and purpose of Figure.NZ. She believes Wikipedia would not work if it were for profit, and similarly, Figure.NZ’s nonprofit status assures people who have data and people who want to use it that they can rely on Figure.NZ’s motives. People see them as a trusted wrangler and source."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3844
+msgid ""
+"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
+"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
+"academics. Figure.NZ imports and extracts that data, and then validates and "
+"standardizes it—all with a strong eye on what will be best for users. They "
+"then make the data available in a series of standardized forms, both human- "
+"and machine-readable, with rich metadata about the sources, the licenses, "
+"and data types. Figure.NZ has a chart-designing tool that makes simple bar, "
+"line, and area graphs from any data source. The graphs are posted to the "
+"Figure.NZ website, and they can also be exported in a variety of formats for "
+"print or online use. Figure.NZ makes its data and graphs available using the "
+"Attribution (CC BY) license. This allows others to reuse, revise, remix, "
+"and redistribute Figure.NZ data and graphs as long as they give attribution "
+"to the original source and to Figure.NZ."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3858
msgid ""
-"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates "
-"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions are being made and to be more aware about what the government is doing, why not transform the data it collects into easily understood visuals? It could even become a way for a government or any organization to differentiate, market, and brand itself."
+"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
+"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
+"spent time looking at what Creative Commons offered and thought it looked "
+"good, was clear, and made common sense. It was easy to use and easy for "
+"others to understand. Over time, she’s come to realize just how fortunate "
+"and important that decision turned out to be. New Zealand’s government has "
+"an open-access and licensing framework called NZGOAL, which provides "
+"guidance for agencies when they release copyrighted and noncopyrighted work "
+"and material.2 It aims to standardize the licensing of works with government "
+"copyright and how they can be reused, and it does this with Creative Commons "
+"licenses. As a result, 98 percent of all government-agency data is Creative "
+"Commons licensed, fitting in nicely with Figure.NZ’s decision."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3869
+msgid ""
+"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
+"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
+"will see new and different models for business. Figure.NZ is set up as a "
+"nonprofit charity. It is purpose-driven but also strives to pay people well "
+"and thinks like a business. Lillian sees the charity-nonprofit status as an "
+"essential element for the mission and purpose of Figure.NZ. She believes "
+"Wikipedia would not work if it were for profit, and similarly, Figure.NZ’s "
+"nonprofit status assures people who have data and people who want to use it "
+"that they can rely on Figure.NZ’s motives. People see them as a trusted "
+"wrangler and source."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3897
-msgid "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every part of their business model has been focused on who is going to get value from the data and visuals."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
+msgid ""
+"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
+"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
+"perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds "
+"of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to "
+"collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and "
+"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. "
+"Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is "
+"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused "
+"on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to "
+"collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates "
+"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions "
+"are being made and to be more aware about what the government is doing, why "
+"not transform the data it collects into easily understood visuals? It could "
+"even become a way for a government or any organization to differentiate, "
+"market, and brand itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891
+msgid ""
+"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
+"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
+"part of their business model has been focused on who is going to get value "
+"from the data and visuals."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3904
+msgid ""
+"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
+"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
+"Figure.NZ as their publishing platform. People who want to publish open data "
+"appreciate Figure.NZ’s ability to do it faster, more easily, and better than "
+"they can. Customers are encouraged to help their users find, use, and make "
+"things from the data they make available on Figure.NZ’s website. Customers "
+"control what is released and the license terms (although Figure.NZ "
+"encourages Creative Commons licensing). Figure.NZ also serves customers who "
+"want a specific collection of charts created—for example, for their website "
+"or annual report. Charging the organizations that want to make their data "
+"available enables Figure.NZ to provide their site free to all users, to "
+"truly democratize data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3915
msgid ""
-"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use Figure.NZ as their publishing platform. People who want to publish open data appreciate Figure.NZ’s ability to do it faster, more easily, and better than they can. Customers are encouraged to help their users find, use, and make things from the data they make available on Figure.NZ’s website. Customers control what is released and the license terms (although Figure.NZ encourages Creative Commons licensing). Figure.NZ also serves customers who want a specific collection of charts created—for example, for their website or annual report. Charging the organizations that want to make their "
-"data available enables Figure.NZ to provide their site free to all users, to truly democratize data."
+"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
+"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
+"for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, "
+"standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, "
+"Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain "
+"budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as "
+"Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can "
+"determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and "
+"transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has "
+"never been done before."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
-msgid "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has never been done before."
+msgid ""
+"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
+"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
+"example, with their support Figure.NZ has been able to create Business "
+"Figures, a special way for businesses to find useful data without having to "
+"know what questions to ask.3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3927
-msgid "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one example, with their support Figure.NZ has been able to create Business Figures, a special way for businesses to find useful data without having to know what questions to ask.3"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
+msgid ""
+"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
+"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
+"Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3931
-msgid "Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930
+msgid ""
+"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
+"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
+"fund a specific effort or provide in-kind support. As a charity, donations "
+"are tax deductible."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
-msgid "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to fund a specific effort or provide in-kind support. As a charity, donations are tax deductible."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3940
+msgid ""
+"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
+"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
+"expertise in taking random styles of data, standardizing it, and making it "
+"useful. Lillian realized that Figure.NZ could easily become a warehouse of "
+"seventy people doing data. But for Lillian, growth isn’t always good. In her "
+"view, bigger often means less effective. Lillian set artificial constraints "
+"on growth, forcing the organization to think differently and be more "
+"efficient. Rather than in-house growth, they are growing and building "
+"external relationships."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946
-msgid "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep expertise in taking random styles of data, standardizing it, and making it useful. Lillian realized that Figure.NZ could easily become a warehouse of seventy people doing data. But for Lillian, growth isn’t always good. In her view, bigger often means less effective. Lillian set artificial constraints on growth, forcing the organization to think differently and be more efficient. Rather than in-house growth, they are growing and building external relationships."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3949
+msgid ""
+"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
+"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
+"environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, "
+"tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and "
+"graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or "
+"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. "
+"Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3955
-msgid "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3961
+msgid ""
+"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
+"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
+"and how to use it. They’ve begun putting more emphasis on tracking what "
+"users of their website want. They also get requests from social media and "
+"through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can "
+"you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond "
+"quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would "
+"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure."
+"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be "
+"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
-"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important and how to use it. They’ve begun putting more emphasis on tracking what users of their website want. They also get requests from social media and through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in."
+"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
+"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
+"used to live in a world where it was really hard to share information "
+"widely. And in that world, the best future was created by having a few great "
+"leaders who essentially had access to the information and made decisions on "
+"behalf of others, whether it was on behalf of a country or companies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
-msgid "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We used to live in a world where it was really hard to share information widely. And in that world, the best future was created by having a few great leaders who essentially had access to the information and made decisions on behalf of others, whether it was on behalf of a country or companies."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
+msgid ""
+"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
+"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
+"future is the one where everyone can make well-informed decisions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3979
-msgid "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best future is the one where everyone can make well-informed decisions."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3977
+msgid ""
+"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
+"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
+"numbers as a part of our thinking and part of our understanding yet."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
-msgid "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use numbers as a part of our thinking and part of our understanding yet."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3987
+msgid ""
+"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
+"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
+"experts because most people don’t have data literacy. There once was a time "
+"when many citizens in society couldn’t read or write. However, as a society, "
+"we’ve now come to believe that reading and writing skills should be "
+"something all citizens have. We haven’t yet adopted a similar belief around "
+"numbers and data literacy. We largely still believe that only a few "
+"specially trained people can analyze and think with numbers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993
-msgid "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to experts because most people don’t have data literacy. There once was a time when many citizens in society couldn’t read or write. However, as a society, we’ve now come to believe that reading and writing skills should be something all citizens have. We haven’t yet adopted a similar belief around numbers and data literacy. We largely still believe that only a few specially trained people can analyze and think with numbers."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
-msgid "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along with trust and a network of relationships to make that possible. What you can see on Figure.NZ are tens of thousands of graphs, maps, and data."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4007
-msgid "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”"
+msgid ""
+"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
+"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
+"with trust and a network of relationships to make that possible. What you "
+"can see on Figure.NZ are tens of thousands of graphs, maps, and data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
-msgid "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get the “network effect”—"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4001
+msgid ""
+"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
+"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
+"society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making "
+"that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is "
+"almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain "
+"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
-msgid "users dramatically increasing value for themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making the network effect possible."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008
+msgid ""
+"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
+"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
+"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and "
+"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making "
+"the network effect possible."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
-msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
+msgid ""
+"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
-msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
+msgid ""
+"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
+"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-77\"></span>Knowledge Unlatched"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+msgid "Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028
-msgid "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. Founded in 2012 in the UK."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+msgid ""
+"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
+"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
+"Founded in 2012 in the UK."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
-msgid "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
-msgid "book-publishing system is not working for anyone, and especially not for monographs in the humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to changing this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable alternative model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of making monographs (released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has received several awards, including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 and a Curtin University Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in Education in 2015."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058
-msgid "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting content online and distributing it free to users."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4063
-msgid "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a Creative Commons license and to see what happened to print sales. Sales went up, not down."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
+msgid ""
+"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
+"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
+"the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to "
+"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system "
+"is not working for anyone, and especially not for monographs in the "
+"humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to changing "
+"this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable alternative "
+"model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of making monographs "
+"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long "
+"term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has received several awards, "
+"including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 and a Curtin University "
+"Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in Education in 2015."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
+msgid ""
+"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
+"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
+"Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting "
+"content online and distributing it free to users."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4055
msgid ""
-"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books "
-"were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for the print format."
+"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
+"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
+"Creative Commons license and to see what happened to print sales. Sales went "
+"up, not down."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4084
-msgid "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: 1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4069
+msgid ""
+"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
+"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
+"the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by "
+"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-"
+"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-"
+"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is "
+"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the "
+"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the "
+"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, "
+"Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books were 10 to "
+"20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the "
+"Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for "
+"the print format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4076
+msgid ""
+"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
+"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
+"printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform "
+"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the "
+"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and "
+"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4091
-msgid "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4083
+msgid ""
+"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
+"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
+"ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the "
+"first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed "
+"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-"
+"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
-msgid "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4090
+msgid ""
+"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
+"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
+"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-"
+"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access "
+"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4107
-msgid "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was interest. The more she talked about it, the more people agreed it had appeal. She offered a bottle of champagne to anyone who could come up with a good name for the idea. Her husband came up with Knowledge Unlatched, and after two years of generating interest, she decided to move forward and launch a community interest company (a UK term for not-for-profit social enterprises) in 2012."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4099
+msgid ""
+"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
+"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
+"interest. The more she talked about it, the more people agreed it had "
+"appeal. She offered a bottle of champagne to anyone who could come up with a "
+"good name for the idea. Her husband came up with Knowledge Unlatched, and "
+"after two years of generating interest, she decided to move forward and "
+"launch a community interest company (a UK term for not-for-profit social "
+"enterprises) in 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4110
-msgid "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4102
+msgid ""
+"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
+"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
-msgid "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via Knowledge Unlatched."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
+msgid ""
+"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
+"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
-msgid "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
+msgid ""
+"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
+"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
-msgid "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be purchased at the stated price(s)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
+msgid ""
+"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
+"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
-msgid "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing each of the titles that were selected by a minimum number of libraries to cover the Title Fee."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
+msgid ""
+"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
+"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
+"each of the titles that were selected by a minimum number of libraries to "
+"cover the Title Fee."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
-msgid "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is the total collected from the libraries."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
+msgid ""
+"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
+"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
+"the total collected from the libraries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
-msgid "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.1"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
+msgid ""
+"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
+"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
+"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136
-msgid "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being unlatched. The target was to have two hundred libraries participate. The cost of the package per library was capped at \\$1,680, which was an average price of sixty dollars per book, but in the end they had nearly three hundred libraries sharing the costs, and the price per book came in at just under forty-three dollars."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+msgid ""
+"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
+"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
+"unlatched. The target was to have two hundred libraries participate. The "
+"cost of the package per library was capped at \\$1,680, which was an average "
+"price of sixty dollars per book, but in the end they had nearly three "
+"hundred libraries sharing the costs, and the price per book came in at just "
+"under forty-three dollars."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
-msgid "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC BY-NC-ND. Authors are the copyright holder, not the publisher, and negotiate choice of license as part of the publishing agreement. Frances has found that most authors want to retain control over the commercial and remix use of their work. Publishers list the book in their catalogs, and the noncommercial restriction in the Creative Commons license ensures authors continue to get royalties on sales of physical copies."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4137
+msgid ""
+"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
+"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
+"BY-NC-ND. Authors are the copyright holder, not the publisher, and negotiate "
+"choice of license as part of the publishing agreement. Frances has found "
+"that most authors want to retain control over the commercial and remix use "
+"of their work. Publishers list the book in their catalogs, and the "
+"noncommercial restriction in the Creative Commons license ensures authors "
+"continue to get royalties on sales of physical copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
-msgid "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the books, and the individual price per book. The fee publishers charge for each title is a fixed charge, and Knowledge Unlatched calculates the total amount for all the books being unlatched at a time. The cost of an order for each library is capped at a maximum based on a minimum number of libraries participating. If the number of participating libraries exceeds the minimum, then the cost of the order and the price per book go down for each library."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4147
+msgid ""
+"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
+"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
+"books, and the individual price per book. The fee publishers charge for each "
+"title is a fixed charge, and Knowledge Unlatched calculates the total amount "
+"for all the books being unlatched at a time. The cost of an order for each "
+"library is capped at a maximum based on a minimum number of libraries "
+"participating. If the number of participating libraries exceeds the minimum, "
+"then the cost of the order and the price per book go down for each library."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
-"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having a library task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, getting the "
+"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
+"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
+"size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small "
+"packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, "
+"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. "
+"Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of "
+"the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just "
+"under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It "
+"started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having a library "
+"task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, getting the "
"libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
-msgid "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit within acquisition cycles, budget cycles, and library-committee meetings."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4165
+msgid ""
+"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
+"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
+"within acquisition cycles, budget cycles, and library-committee meetings."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181
-msgid "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred libraries that participated in the first round, 80 percent are also participating in the second round, and there are an additional eighty new libraries taking part. Knowledge Unlatched is also working not just with individual libraries but also library consortia, which has been getting even more libraries involved."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+msgid ""
+"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
+"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
+"libraries that participated in the first round, 80 percent are also "
+"participating in the second round, and there are an additional eighty new "
+"libraries taking part. Knowledge Unlatched is also working not just with "
+"individual libraries but also library consortia, which has been getting even "
+"more libraries involved."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
-msgid "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to make journals open access too."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
+msgid ""
+"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
+"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
+"make journals open access too."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189
-msgid "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also problematic to keep going in the standard closed publishing model."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181
+msgid ""
+"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
+"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
+"problematic to keep going in the standard closed publishing model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4197
-msgid "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is \\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it took one month to get twenty-six."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189
+msgid ""
+"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
+"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
+"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past "
+"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That "
+"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, "
+"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it "
+"took one month to get twenty-six."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206
-msgid "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the author is the awareness it brings to them; when their book is being read, it increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, you can find interviews with the twenty-eight round-one authors describing their experience and the benefits of taking part.)5"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4198
+msgid ""
+"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
+"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
+"author is the awareness it brings to them; when their book is being read, it "
+"increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many "
+"more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, "
+"you can find interviews with the twenty-eight round-one authors describing "
+"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)5"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4215
-msgid "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic libraries are moving away from buying physical copies. An academic library catalog entry is typically a URL to wherever the book is hosted. Or if they have enough electronic storage space, they may download the digital file into their digital repository. Only secondarily do they consider getting a print book, and if they do, they buy it separately from the digital version."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4207
+msgid ""
+"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
+"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
+"libraries are moving away from buying physical copies. An academic library "
+"catalog entry is typically a URL to wherever the book is hosted. Or if they "
+"have enough electronic storage space, they may download the digital file "
+"into their digital repository. Only secondarily do they consider getting a "
+"print book, and if they do, they buy it separately from the digital version."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
-msgid "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph anyway, but instead of paying \\$95 for a print copy or \\$150 for a digital multiple-use copy, they pay \\$50 to unlatch. It costs them less, and it opens the book to not just the participating libraries, but to the world."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214
+msgid ""
+"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
+"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
+"anyway, but instead of paying \\$95 for a print copy or \\$150 for a digital "
+"multiple-use copy, they pay \\$50 to unlatch. It costs them less, and it "
+"opens the book to not just the participating libraries, but to the world."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
-msgid "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would have in the closed model, and the open-access book is available to all libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4224
+msgid ""
+"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
+"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
+"have in the closed model, and the open-access book is available to all "
+"libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free "
+"riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than "
+"poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to "
+"support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By "
+"the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty "
+"thousand times in 175 countries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4235
-msgid "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for monographs is a win-win-win."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227
+msgid ""
+"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
+"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4244
-msgid "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4236
+msgid ""
+"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
+"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
+"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that "
+"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up "
+"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are "
+"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched "
+"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include "
+"unlatching journals and older books."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
-msgid "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, access, and use your content without pay barriers. Knowledge Unlatched taps into the new possibilities and behaviors of the digital world. In the Knowledge Unlatched model, the content-creation process is exactly the same as it always has been, but the economics are different. For Frances, Knowledge Unlatched is connected to the past but moving into the future, an evolution rather than a revolution."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245
+msgid ""
+"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
+"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
+"access, and use your content without pay barriers. Knowledge Unlatched taps "
+"into the new possibilities and behaviors of the digital world. In the "
+"Knowledge Unlatched model, the content-creation process is exactly the same "
+"as it always has been, but the economics are different. For Frances, "
+"Knowledge Unlatched is connected to the past but moving into the future, an "
+"evolution rather than a revolution."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-78\"></span>Lumen Learning"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
+msgid "Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
-msgid "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+msgid ""
+"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
+"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4288
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero "
-"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they decided to create Lumen Learning."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4299
-msgid "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or for-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
-msgid "profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way that change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t a lot of flexibility to do so."
+"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
+"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
+"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more "
+"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, "
+"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope "
+"Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education "
+"courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with "
+"goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the "
+"courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the "
+"cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero "
+"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when "
+"compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of "
+"more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this "
+"project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this "
+"initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan "
+"to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they "
+"decided to create Lumen Learning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297
+msgid ""
+"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
+"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
+"education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking "
+"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in "
+"certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way "
+"that change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t "
+"a lot of flexibility to do so."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4314
-msgid "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control over what to do with the revenue and investment money; they could make decisions to invest the funds or use them differently based on the situation and shifting opportunities. In the end, they chose the for-profit status, with its different model for and approach to sustainability."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305
+msgid ""
+"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
+"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
+"over what to do with the revenue and investment money; they could make "
+"decisions to invest the funds or use them differently based on the situation "
+"and shifting opportunities. In the end, they chose the for-profit status, "
+"with its different model for and approach to sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4320
-msgid "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are teaching, learning, and research materials, in all different media, that reside in the public domain or are released under an open license that permits free use and repurposing by others."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311
+msgid ""
+"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
+"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
+"teaching, learning, and research materials, in all different media, that "
+"reside in the public domain or are released under an open license that "
+"permits free use and repurposing by others."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
-msgid "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4323
+msgid ""
+"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
+"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
+"patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and "
+"offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead "
+"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. "
+"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing "
+"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged "
+"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what "
+"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is "
+"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
-msgid "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
+msgid ""
+"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
+"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
-msgid "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, persistence, and course completion; and"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
+msgid ""
+"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
+"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
-msgid "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on student success research."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4347
-msgid "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available right off their website. They can be copied and used by others as long as they provide attribution to Lumen Learning following the terms of the Creative Commons license."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
-msgid "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the institution’s learning-management system, technical and pedagogical support, and tracking of effectiveness. Candela courseware costs institutions ten dollars per enrolled student."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
+msgid ""
+"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
+"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4359
-msgid "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4338
+msgid ""
+"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
+"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
+"right off their website. They can be copied and used by others as long as "
+"they provide attribution to Lumen Learning following the terms of the "
+"Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4366
-msgid "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development of complete OER degrees. Often called Z-Degrees, these programs eliminate textbook costs for students in all courses that make up the degree (both required and elective) by replacing commercial textbooks and other expensive resources with OER."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4344
+msgid ""
+"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
+"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
+"institution’s learning-management system, technical and pedagogical support, "
+"and tracking of effectiveness. Candela courseware costs institutions ten "
+"dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350
msgid ""
-"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the tools and services that help people use a free resource—sunlight. And Lumen’s business model focuses on getting the institutions to pay, not the students. With projects they did prior to Lumen, David and Kim learned that students who have access to all course materials from day one have greater success. If students had to pay, Lumen would have to restrict access to those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights management, no "
-"time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense goodwill in the community."
+"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
+"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
+"and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who "
+"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4390
-msgid "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works with the faculty who are teaching the new course. They’re often part of the institution paying Lumen, but sometimes Lumen has to expand the team and contract faculty from other institutions. First, the faculty identifies all of the course’s learning outcomes. Lumen then searches for, aggregates, and curates the best OER they can find that addresses those learning needs, which the faculty reviews."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4357
+msgid ""
+"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
+"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
+"of complete OER degrees. Often called Z-Degrees, these programs eliminate "
+"textbook costs for students in all courses that make up the degree (both "
+"required and elective) by replacing commercial textbooks and other expensive "
+"resources with OER."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4400
-msgid "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, videos, and other media to adapt and customize the course. Lumen creates new content as they discover gaps in existing OER. Test-bank items and feedback for students on their progress are areas where new content is frequently needed. Once a course is created, Lumen puts it on their platform with all the attributions and links to the original sources intact, and any of Lumen’s new content is given an Attribution (CC BY) license."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4372
+msgid ""
+"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
+"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
+"tools and services that help people use a free resource—sunlight. And "
+"Lumen’s business model focuses on getting the institutions to pay, not the "
+"students. With projects they did prior to Lumen, David and Kim learned that "
+"students who have access to all course materials from day one have greater "
+"success. If students had to pay, Lumen would have to restrict access to "
+"those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not "
+"put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in "
+"technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights "
+"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-"
+"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense "
+"goodwill in the community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406
-msgid "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place the Creative Commons license and attribution information in the website’s footer, which stays the same for all pages. This doesn’t quite work, however, when mixing different OER together."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381
+msgid ""
+"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
+"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
+"with the faculty who are teaching the new course. They’re often part of the "
+"institution paying Lumen, but sometimes Lumen has to expand the team and "
+"contract faculty from other institutions. First, the faculty identifies all "
+"of the course’s learning outcomes. Lumen then searches for, aggregates, and "
+"curates the best OER they can find that addresses those learning needs, "
+"which the faculty reviews."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4415
-msgid "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of each page."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4391
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
+"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
+"images, videos, and other media to adapt and customize the course. Lumen "
+"creates new content as they discover gaps in existing OER. Test-bank items "
+"and feedback for students on their progress are areas where new content is "
+"frequently needed. Once a course is created, Lumen puts it on their platform "
+"with all the attributions and links to the original sources intact, and any "
+"of Lumen’s new content is given an Attribution (CC BY) license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4422
-msgid "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and grant funders. People in their network generously increase the visibility of Lumen through presentations, word of mouth, and referrals. Sometimes the number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4397
+msgid ""
+"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
+"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
+"the Creative Commons license and attribution information in the website’s "
+"footer, which stays the same for all pages. This doesn’t quite work, "
+"however, when mixing different OER together."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424
-msgid "capacity."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406
+msgid ""
+"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
+"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
+"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the "
+"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a "
+"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and "
+"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of "
+"each page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4435
-msgid "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4414
+msgid ""
+"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
+"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
+"grant funders. People in their network generously increase the visibility of "
+"Lumen through presentations, word of mouth, and referrals. Sometimes the "
+"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales capacity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4443
-msgid "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative Commons licenses, for all the materials it creates; and day-one access for students. Having clear nonnegotiables allows them to then engage with the education community to solve for other challenges and work with institutions to identify new business models that achieve institution goals, while keeping Lumen healthy."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4425
+msgid ""
+"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
+"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
+"regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the "
+"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
+"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. "
+"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-"
+"level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where "
+"there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, "
+"they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451
-msgid "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: Why should you invest in creating something that people will be reluctant to pay for? How do you ensure that the investment the diverse education community makes in OER is not exploited? Lumen thinks we all need to be clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4433
+msgid ""
+"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
+"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
+"Commons licenses, for all the materials it creates; and day-one access for "
+"students. Having clear nonnegotiables allows them to then engage with the "
+"education community to solve for other challenges and work with institutions "
+"to identify new business models that achieve institution goals, while "
+"keeping Lumen healthy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
-msgid "community."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4442
+msgid ""
+"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
+"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
+"Why should you invest in creating something that people will be reluctant to "
+"pay for? How do you ensure that the investment the diverse education "
+"community makes in OER is not exploited? Lumen thinks we all need to be "
+"clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open "
+"community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
-msgid "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources without paying anything or contributing anything back. Others give back the minimum amount so they can save face. Sustainability will require those using open resources to give back an amount that seems fair or even give back something that is generous."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449
+msgid ""
+"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
+"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
+"without paying anything or contributing anything back. Others give back the "
+"minimum amount so they can save face. Sustainability will require those "
+"using open resources to give back an amount that seems fair or even give "
+"back something that is generous."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4469
-msgid "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their students are saving and encouraging them to switch to a paid model. Lumen explains the advantages of the paid model: a more interactive relationship with Lumen; integration with the institution’s learning-management system; a guarantee of support for faculty and students; and future sustainability with funding supporting the evolution and improvement of the OER they are using."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458
+msgid ""
+"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
+"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
+"students are saving and encouraging them to switch to a paid model. Lumen "
+"explains the advantages of the paid model: a more interactive relationship "
+"with Lumen; integration with the institution’s learning-management system; a "
+"guarantee of support for faculty and students; and future sustainability "
+"with funding supporting the evolution and improvement of the OER they are "
+"using."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
-msgid "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds unique value, and is very transparent about what they are taking from community, what they are giving back, and what they are monetizing. Lumen believes these are the building blocks of a sustainable model and strives for a correct balance of all these factors."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
+msgid ""
+"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
+"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
+"unique value, and is very transparent about what they are taking from "
+"community, what they are giving back, and what they are monetizing. Lumen "
+"believes these are the building blocks of a sustainable model and strives "
+"for a correct balance of all these factors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4481
-msgid "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right structure for their value-add and how to package it in a way that is understandable and repeatable."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470
+msgid ""
+"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
+"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
+"structure for their value-add and how to package it in a way that is "
+"understandable and repeatable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4491
-msgid "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480
+msgid ""
+"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
+"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
+"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the "
+"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment "
+"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant "
+"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. "
+"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
-msgid "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For them, open business models are an emerging field where we are all learning through sharing. Their biggest recommendations for others wanting to pursue the open model are to make your commitment to open resources public, let people know where you stand, and don’t back away from it. It really is about trust."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
+msgid ""
+"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
+"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
+"them, open business models are an emerging field where we are all learning "
+"through sharing. Their biggest recommendations for others wanting to pursue "
+"the open model are to make your commitment to open resources public, let "
+"people know where you stand, and don’t back away from it. It really is about "
+"trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-79\"></span>Jonathan Mann"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
+msgid "Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4508
-msgid "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
+"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4516
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements and musical performances)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
+"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
+"and musical performances)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4530
-msgid "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
-msgid "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, when he read that Apple was having a conference the following day to address a snafu related to the iPhone 4. He decided to write and post a song about the iPhone 4 that day, and the next day he got a call from the public relations people at Apple wanting to use and promote his video at the Apple conference. The song then went viral, and the experience landed him in Time magazine."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4519
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
+"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
+"writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide "
+"variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site "
+"Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he "
+"posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity "
+"and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs "
+"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4544
-msgid "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528
+msgid ""
+"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
+"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
+"when he read that Apple was having a conference the following day to address "
+"a snafu related to the iPhone 4. He decided to write and post a song about "
+"the iPhone 4 that day, and the next day he got a call from the public "
+"relations people at Apple wanting to use and promote his video at the Apple "
+"conference. The song then went viral, and the experience landed him in Time "
+"magazine."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4552
-msgid "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are supposed to create a piece of art every day for thirty-one days straight. He was in need of a new project, so he decided to give it a try by writing and posting a song each day. He added a video component to the songs because he knew people were more likely to watch video online than simply listening to audio files."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4533
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
+"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
+"holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is "
+"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4541
msgid ""
-"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan posts and writes a song every day. If he is on a flight or otherwise incapable "
-"of getting Internet access in time to meet the deadline, he will prepare ahead and have someone else post the song for him."
+"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
+"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
+"supposed to create a piece of art every day for thirty-one days straight. He "
+"was in need of a new project, so he decided to give it a try by writing and "
+"posting a song each day. He added a video component to the songs because he "
+"knew people were more likely to watch video online than simply listening to "
+"audio files."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4573
-msgid "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide variety of contests and winning a handful. The second was by having the occasional song and video go some varying degree of viral, which would bring more eyeballs and mean that there were more people wanting him to write songs for them. Today he earns most of his money this way."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
+msgid ""
+"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
+"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
+"written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since "
+"he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired "
+"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. "
+"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
+"least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are "
+"extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend "
+"announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan "
+"posts and writes a song every day. If he is on a flight or otherwise "
+"incapable of getting Internet access in time to meet the deadline, he will "
+"prepare ahead and have someone else post the song for him."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
+msgid ""
+"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
+"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
+"variety of contests and winning a handful. The second was by having the "
+"occasional song and video go some varying degree of viral, which would bring "
+"more eyeballs and mean that there were more people wanting him to write "
+"songs for them. Today he earns most of his money this way."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
-msgid "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, fun and quirky song.” He charges \\$500 to create a produced song and \\$300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the production of this book."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
+msgid ""
+"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
+"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
+"fun and quirky song.” He charges \\$500 to create a produced song and \\$300 "
+"for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, "
+"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the "
+"production of this book."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587
-msgid "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4576
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
+"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
+"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I "
+"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an "
+"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4595
-msgid "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
+msgid ""
+"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
+"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
+"wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to "
+"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your "
+"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” "
+"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. "
+"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
-msgid "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” Jonathan said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4590
+msgid ""
+"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
+"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
+"build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to "
+"build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” "
+"Jonathan said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4609
-msgid "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for clients."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4598
+msgid ""
+"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
+"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
+"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. "
+"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and "
+"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes "
+"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for "
+"clients."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4619
-msgid "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something understandable."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4608
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
+"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
+"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
+"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the "
+"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired "
+"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from "
+"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he "
+"translated the technical concepts into something understandable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4630
-msgid "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a list of talking points and other information they want to include in the song. He puts all of that into a text file and starts moving things around, cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. The first thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung about"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
+msgid ""
+"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
+"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
+"song. He puts all of that into a text file and starts moving things around, "
+"cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. The first "
+"thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then "
+"he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process "
+"really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his "
+"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged "
+"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung "
+"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
+"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
-msgid "or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4628
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
+"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
+"business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a songwriter, and "
+"he has found a way to keep it interesting for himself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
-msgid "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a songwriter, and he has found a way to keep it interesting for"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
+"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
+"fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down "
+"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My "
+"style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something "
+"super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of "
+"who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same "
+"reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking "
+"others."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
-msgid "himself."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
+"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
+"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes "
+"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the "
+"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living "
+"embodiment of these principles."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
-msgid "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking others."
+msgid ""
+"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
+"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
+"precious and getting stuck on trying to make it perfect, he has become "
+"comfortable with just doing. If today’s song is a bust, tomorrow’s song "
+"might be better."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
-msgid "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living embodiment of these principles."
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
+"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
+"work as widely as possible, seeing what sticks. While he has major "
+"accomplishments he is proud of, like being in the Guinness World Records or "
+"having his song used by Steve Jobs, he says he never truly feels successful."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
-msgid "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as precious and getting stuck on trying to make it perfect, he has become comfortable with just doing. If today’s song is a bust, tomorrow’s song might be better."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+msgid ""
+"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
+"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
+"of what drives you would be gone.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
-msgid "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work as widely as possible, seeing what sticks. While he has major accomplishments he is proud of, like being in the Guinness World Records or having his song used by Steve Jobs, he says he never truly feels successful."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+msgid "Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
-msgid "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much of what drives you would be gone.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+msgid ""
+"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
+"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
+"the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4677
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-80\"></span>Noun Project"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4681
-msgid "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
+msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
-msgid "thenounproject.com"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
-msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
+msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
-msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
+msgid ""
+"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
+"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
+"languages, and cultures."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
-msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
+msgid ""
+"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
+"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
+"of sketches and started to draw what used to fascinate him as a child, like "
+"trains, sequoias, and bulldozers. He began thinking how great it would be if "
+"he had a simple image or small icon of every single object or concept on the "
+"planet."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
-msgid "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, languages, and cultures."
+msgid ""
+"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
+"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
+"symbols and icons was difficult. He couldn’t find any website that could "
+"provide them. Perhaps his idea for creating a library of icons could "
+"actually help people in similar situations."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702
-msgid "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot of sketches and started to draw what used to fascinate him as a child, like trains, sequoias, and bulldozers. He began thinking how great it would be if he had a simple image or small icon of every single object or concept on the planet."
+msgid ""
+"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
+"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
+"the Madman, which chronicles the use of crowdsourcing to create the Oxford "
+"English Dictionary in 1870. Edward began to imagine crowdsourcing icons and "
+"symbols from volunteer designers around the world."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
-msgid "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for symbols and icons was difficult. He couldn’t find any website that could provide them. Perhaps his idea for creating a library of icons could actually help people in similar situations."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
+msgid ""
+"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
+"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
+"launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter "
+"was in its infancy.1 They thought it’d be a good way to introduce the global "
+"web community to their idea. Their goal was to raise \\$1,500, but in twenty "
+"days they got over \\$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to "
+"be something much bigger."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715
-msgid "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and the Madman, which chronicles the use of crowdsourcing to create the Oxford English Dictionary in 1870. Edward began to imagine crowdsourcing icons and symbols from volunteer designers around the world."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4716
+msgid ""
+"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
+"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
+"process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old "
+"drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to "
+"convince them to finally share them with the world."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
-msgid "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter was in its infancy.1 They thought it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their idea. Their goal was to raise \\$1,500, but in twenty days they got over \\$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to be something much bigger."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4724
+msgid ""
+"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
+"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
+"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. "
+"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they "
+"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they "
+"have with their global community of designers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729
-msgid "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world."
+msgid ""
+"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
+"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
+"Radical Price, which introduced Edward to the idea that you could build a "
+"business model around free content."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
-msgid "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they have with their global community of designers."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4741
+msgid ""
+"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
+"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
+"those two goals, but for Edward, Creative Commons licenses bring this "
+"idealism and business opportunity together elegantly. He chose the "
+"Attribution (CC BY) license, which means people can download the icons for "
+"free and modify them and even use them commercially. The requirement to give "
+"attribution to the original creator ensures that the creator can build a "
+"reputation and get global recognition for their work. And if they simply "
+"want to offer an icon that people can use without having to give credit, "
+"they can use CC0 to put the work into the public domain."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742
-msgid "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of Radical Price, which introduced Edward to the idea that you could build a business model around free content."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
+msgid ""
+"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
+"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
+"icons on it, which in retrospect Edward says was a horrible idea. They did "
+"get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if "
+"they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among "
+"others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free "
+"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
-msgid "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between those two goals, but for Edward, Creative Commons licenses bring this idealism and business opportunity together elegantly. He chose the Attribution (CC BY) license, which means people can download the icons for free and modify them and even use them commercially. The requirement to give attribution to the original creator ensures that the creator can build a reputation and get global recognition for their work. And if they simply want to offer an icon that people can use without having to give credit, they can use CC0 to put the work into the public domain."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756
+msgid ""
+"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
+"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
+"win-win. The idea that you could offer your designs for free and have a "
+"global audience and maybe even make some money was pretty exciting for most "
+"designers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4763
-msgid "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the icons on it, which in retrospect Edward says was a horrible idea. They did get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4768
+msgid ""
+"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
+"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
+"a subscription component, where there would be a monthly fee to access a "
+"certain number of icons—ten, fifty, a hundred, or five hundred. However, "
+"users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many "
+"similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one "
+"they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby "
+"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. "
+"This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this "
+"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for "
+"the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4769
-msgid "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a win-win. The idea that you could offer your designs for free and have a global audience and maybe even make some money was pretty exciting for most designers."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779
+msgid ""
+"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
+"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
+"from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would "
+"be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly "
+"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. "
+"Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without "
+"giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. "
+"You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it "
+"integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you "
+"to purchase the API Pro version."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4783
msgid ""
-"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a subscription component, where there would be a monthly fee to access a certain number of icons—ten, fifty, a hundred, or five hundred. However, users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and "
-"good for the platform."
+"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
+"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
+"percent to Noun Project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792
-msgid "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
-msgid "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 percent to Noun Project."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805
-msgid "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from subscriptions is divided by Noun Project’s total number of downloads, resulting in a rate per download—for example, it could be \\$0.13 per download for that month. For each download, the revenue is split 40 percent to the designer and 60 percent to the Noun Project. (For API usage, it’s per use instead of per download.) Noun Project’s share is higher this time as it’s providing more service to the user."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
-msgid "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because building trust is the top"
+msgid ""
+"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
+"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
+"subscriptions is divided by Noun Project’s total number of downloads, "
+"resulting in a rate per download—for example, it could be \\$0.13 per "
+"download for that month. For each download, the revenue is split 40 percent "
+"to the designer and 60 percent to the Noun Project. (For API usage, it’s "
+"per use instead of per download.) Noun Project’s share is higher this time "
+"as it’s providing more service to the user."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
-msgid "priority."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+msgid ""
+"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
+"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
+"building trust is the top priority."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
-msgid "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for creators into three broad categories: enough money to buy beer; enough to pay the bills; and most successful of all, enough to pay the rent."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4803
+msgid ""
+"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
+"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
+"creators into three broad categories: enough money to buy beer; enough to "
+"pay the bills; and most successful of all, enough to pay the rent."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
-msgid "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also their photos, illustrations, UX designs, et cetera. You simply drag any visual item directly into Lingo to save it. Lingo also works for teams so people can share visuals with each other and search across their combined collections. Lingo is free for personal use. A pro version for \\$9.99 per month lets you add guests. A team version for \\$49.95 per month allows up to twenty-five team members to collaborate, and to view, use, edit, and add new assets to each other’s collections. And if you subscribe to NounPro, you can access Noun Project from within Lingo."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
+msgid ""
+"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
+"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
+"their photos, illustrations, UX designs, et cetera. You simply drag any "
+"visual item directly into Lingo to save it. Lingo also works for teams so "
+"people can share visuals with each other and search across their combined "
+"collections. Lingo is free for personal use. A pro version for \\$9.99 per "
+"month lets you add guests. A team version for \\$49.95 per month allows up "
+"to twenty-five team members to collaborate, and to view, use, edit, and add "
+"new assets to each other’s collections. And if you subscribe to NounPro, "
+"you can access Noun Project from within Lingo."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4835
-msgid "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are still lots of paid accounts coming from digital designers, advertising and design agencies, educators, and others who need to communicate ideas visually."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4821
+msgid ""
+"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
+"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
+"still lots of paid accounts coming from digital designers, advertising and "
+"design agencies, educators, and others who need to communicate ideas "
+"visually."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
-msgid "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
+msgid ""
+"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
+"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
+"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
-msgid "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the Noun Project mission, 2) to promote their own personal brand, and 3) to generate money. It’s striking to see that money comes third, and mission, first. If you want to engage a global network of contributors, it’s important to have a mission beyond making money."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4833
+msgid ""
+"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
+"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
+"Noun Project mission, 2) to promote their own personal brand, and 3) to "
+"generate money. It’s striking to see that money comes third, and mission, "
+"first. If you want to engage a global network of contributors, it’s "
+"important to have a mission beyond making money."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
-msgid "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838
+msgid ""
+"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
+"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
+"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. "
+"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
-msgid "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other initiatives and continue to nurture it.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4846
+msgid ""
+"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
+"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
+"when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing "
+"to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a "
+"great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with "
+"it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other "
+"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
-msgid "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and profile page; each profile features their full collection. Users can also search the icons by the creator’s name."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851
+msgid ""
+"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
+"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
+"profile page; each profile features their full collection. Users can also "
+"search the icons by the creator’s name."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
-msgid "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project comes up with a theme (e.g., sustainable energy, food bank, guerrilla gardening, human rights) and a list of icons that are needed, which designers are invited to create at the event. The results are vectorized, and added to the Noun Project using CC0 so they can be used by anyone for free."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859
+msgid ""
+"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
+"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
+"comes up with a theme (e.g., sustainable energy, food bank, guerrilla "
+"gardening, human rights) and a list of icons that are needed, which "
+"designers are invited to create at the event. The results are vectorized, "
+"and added to the Noun Project using CC0 so they can be used by anyone for "
+"free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
-msgid "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid version, using a service-oriented model. The Noun Project’s success lies in creating services and content that are a strategic mix of free and paid while staying true to their mission—creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language. Integrating Creative Commons into their model has been key to that goal."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+msgid ""
+"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
+"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
+"version, using a service-oriented model. The Noun Project’s success lies in "
+"creating services and content that are a strategic mix of free and paid "
+"while staying true to their mission—creating, sharing, and celebrating the "
+"world’s visual language. Integrating Creative Commons into their model has "
+"been key to that goal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
-msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+msgid ""
+"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
+"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-81\"></span>Open Data Institute"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+msgid "Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4893
-msgid "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 in the UK."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
+msgid ""
+"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
+"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
+"in the UK."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898
-msgid "Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, donations"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
+"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
-msgid "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY (Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the public domain) all play a critical role in ODI’s mission to help people around the world innovate with data."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898
+msgid ""
+"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
+"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
+"consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are "
+"central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY "
+"(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the "
+"public domain) all play a critical role in ODI’s mission to help people "
+"around the world innovate with data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
-msgid "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is happening around them."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
+msgid ""
+"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
+"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
+"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing "
+"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but "
+"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a "
+"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help "
+"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It "
+"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is "
+"happening around them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
-msgid "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be innovative with the opportunities created by the UK government’s open data policy. (The government was an early pioneer in open policy and open-data initiatives.) It goes on to say that the ODI wants to—"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
+msgid ""
+"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
+"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
+"innovative with the opportunities created by the UK government’s open data "
+"policy. (The government was an early pioneer in open policy and open-data "
+"initiatives.) It goes on to say that the ODI wants to—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
-msgid "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data policies affect this;"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
+msgid ""
+"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
+"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4943
-msgid "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
+msgid ""
+"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
+"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
+"this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open "
+"government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work "
+"cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” "
+"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
-msgid "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in science and technology. For this funding, ODI has to secure matching funds from other sources, some of which were met through a \\$4.75-million investment from the Omidyar Network."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+msgid ""
+"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
+"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
+"science and technology. For this funding, ODI has to secure matching funds "
+"from other sources, some of which were met through a \\$4.75-million "
+"investment from the Omidyar Network."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
-msgid "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets from government departments available as open data. She joined ODI in 2012 when it was just starting up, as one of six people. It now has a staff of about sixty."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
+msgid ""
+"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
+"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
+"from government departments available as open data. She joined ODI in 2012 "
+"when it was just starting up, as one of six people. It now has a staff of "
+"about sixty."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962
-msgid "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and commercial work. In Jeni’s view, having this balance of revenue sources establishes some stability, but also keeps them motivated to go out and generate these matching funds in response to market needs."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948
+msgid ""
+"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
+"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
+"commercial work. In Jeni’s view, having this balance of revenue sources "
+"establishes some stability, but also keeps them motivated to go out and "
+"generate these matching funds in response to market needs."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4965
-msgid "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, and advisory services."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4951
+msgid ""
+"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
+"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
-msgid "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members are listed on their website.)2"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962
+msgid ""
+"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
+"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
+"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on "
+"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-"
+"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two "
+"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and "
+"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
+"members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the "
+"benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members "
+"are listed on their website.)2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4988
-msgid "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented diploma in open data, but it quickly became clear there was no market for that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can attend as a form of professional development."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4974
+msgid ""
+"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
+"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
+"diploma in open data, but it quickly became clear there was no market for "
+"that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which "
+"has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is "
+"one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier "
+"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay "
+"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-"
+"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can "
+"attend as a form of professional development."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996
-msgid "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training tends to generate high interest and commitment."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
+msgid ""
+"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
+"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
+"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data "
+"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by "
+"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training "
+"tends to generate high interest and commitment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003
-msgid "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members across the entire ecosystem. Tickets to the summit are available to the public, and hundreds of people and organizations attend and participate. In 2014, there were four thematic tracks and over 750 attendees."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
+msgid ""
+"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
+"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
+"across the entire ecosystem. Tickets to the summit are available to the "
+"public, and hundreds of people and organizations attend and participate. In "
+"2014, there were four thematic tracks and over 750 attendees."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
-msgid "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, policies, and other areas. ODI has advised large commercial organizations, small businesses, and international governments; the focus at the moment is on government, but ODI is working to shift more toward commercial organizations."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996
+msgid ""
+"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
+"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
+"policies, and other areas. ODI has advised large commercial organizations, "
+"small businesses, and international governments; the focus at the moment is "
+"on government, but ODI is working to shift more toward commercial "
+"organizations."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5013
-msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4999
+msgid ""
+"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
-msgid "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue their own goals if they open up their own data too. Big data is a hot topic."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
+msgid ""
+"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
+"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
+"their own goals if they open up their own data too. Big data is a hot topic."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
-msgid "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI encourages them to do so even if it exposes problems and challenges. The key is to invite other people to help while still maintaining organizational autonomy."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
+msgid ""
+"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
+"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
+"encourages them to do so even if it exposes problems and challenges. The key "
+"is to invite other people to help while still maintaining organizational "
+"autonomy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
-msgid "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a business is just thinking about open data as a way to be transparent and accountable, they can miss out on efficiencies and opportunities."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036
-msgid "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were contracted as a service provider to international governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
+msgid ""
+"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
+"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
+"business is just thinking about open data as a way to be transparent and "
+"accountable, they can miss out on efficiencies and opportunities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
-msgid "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5022
+msgid ""
+"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
+"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
+"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data "
+"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were "
+"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which "
+"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050
-msgid "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, training, and even office space.3"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032
+msgid ""
+"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
+"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
+"but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set "
+"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
+"deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and "
+"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. "
+"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes "
+"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
-msgid "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to build it, not just online but through face-to-face events."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036
+msgid ""
+"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
+"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
+"training, and even office space.3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5064
-msgid "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.4"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
+msgid ""
+"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
+"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
+"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In "
+"fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For "
+"ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to "
+"build it, not just online but through face-to-face events."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
-msgid "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open data, development of open-data tools and standards, and how to deploy open data at scale."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050
+msgid ""
+"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
+"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
+"of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a "
+"globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, "
+"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
-msgid "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of their own."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055
+msgid ""
+"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
+"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
+"data, development of open-data tools and standards, and how to deploy open "
+"data at scale."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060
msgid ""
-"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they use. "
-"Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”"
+"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
+"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
+"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of "
+"their own."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
-msgid "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here are a few metrics as of April 27, 2016:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
+msgid ""
+"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
+"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
+"publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is "
+"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. "
+"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is "
+"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is "
+"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely "
+"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI "
+"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
+"people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they "
+"use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish "
+"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. "
+"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
+"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5080
+msgid ""
+"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
+"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
+"are a few metrics as of April 27, 2016:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
-msgid "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI nodes and ODI start-ups have generated since joining the ODI program: £44.5 million"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
+msgid ""
+"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
+"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
+"nodes and ODI start-ups have generated since joining the ODI program: £44.5 "
+"million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
-msgid "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: 2.2 million"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
+msgid ""
+"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
+"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
-msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
+msgid ""
+"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+msgid ""
+"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
+"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+msgid ""
+"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-82\"></span>OpenDesk"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+msgid "OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5121
-msgid "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who bring the designs to life. Founded in 2014 in the UK."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+msgid ""
+"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
+"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
+"bring the designs to life. Founded in 2014 in the UK."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5125 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
-msgid "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who bring the designs to life. Opendesk and the designer receive a portion of every sale that is made by a maker."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122
msgid ""
-"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
-"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
+"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
+"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
+"bring the designs to life. Opendesk and the designer receive a portion of "
+"every sale that is made by a maker."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
-msgid "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a way that was even close to realistic or competitive. The design community had the intent, but fulfilling this vision was still a long way away."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
+msgid ""
+"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
+"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
+"Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring "
+"digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to "
+"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. "
+"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. "
+"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They "
+"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it "
+"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for "
+"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
+"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The "
+"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a "
+"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5143
+msgid ""
+"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
+"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
+"way that was even close to realistic or competitive. The design community "
+"had the intent, but fulfilling this vision was still a long way away."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
-msgid "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel and settled on using Creative Commons."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
+msgid ""
+"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
+"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
+"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. "
+"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design "
+"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing "
+"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold "
+"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel "
+"and settled on using Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
-msgid "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be made locally, and they wanted a viable model that benefited designers when their designs were sold. Coming up with a business model was going to be complex."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
+msgid ""
+"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
+"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
+"made locally, and they wanted a viable model that benefited designers when "
+"their designs were sold. Coming up with a business model was going to be "
+"complex."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
-msgid "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices would have on the business model."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
+msgid ""
+"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
+"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
+"would have on the business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5183
-msgid "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative Commons license is used; it’s up to the designer. They can be proprietary or choose from the full suite of Creative Commons licenses, deciding for themselves how open or closed they want to be."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5169
+msgid ""
+"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
+"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
+"Commons license is used; it’s up to the designer. They can be proprietary or "
+"choose from the full suite of Creative Commons licenses, deciding for "
+"themselves how open or closed they want to be."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188
-msgid "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job profiling the designers.1"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5174
+msgid ""
+"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
+"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
+"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job "
+"profiling the designers.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
-msgid "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, with the designer not getting any benefits. So most Opendesk designers choose the Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5179
+msgid ""
+"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
+"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
+"with the designer not getting any benefits. So most Opendesk designers "
+"choose the Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5202
-msgid "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188
+msgid ""
+"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
+"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
+"buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s "
+"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
+"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-"
+"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes "
+"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5210
-msgid "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy because we built a site where people could write in about their capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.2"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
+msgid ""
+"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
+"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
+"said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy "
+"because we built a site where people could write in about their "
+"capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is "
+"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of "
+"makers in countries all around the world.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5214
-msgid "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s website:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5200
+msgid ""
+"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
+"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
+"website:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5217
-msgid "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, they pay:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203
+msgid ""
+"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
+"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
-msgid "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs charged by the maker)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+msgid ""
+"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
+"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
+"charged by the maker)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
-msgid "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer every time their design is used)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+msgid ""
+"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
+"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
-msgid "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our marketplace)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+msgid ""
+"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
+"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
+"marketplace)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
-msgid "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+msgid ""
+"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
+"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
+"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this "
+"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
-msgid "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+msgid ""
+"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
+"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
-msgid "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be happy to quote for assembly on-site and designers may offer bespoke design options)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+msgid ""
+"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
+"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
+"happy to quote for assembly on-site and designers may offer bespoke design "
+"options)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5227
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
-msgid "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and are typically apportioned as follows:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5236
+msgid ""
+"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
+"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
+"Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting "
+"in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk "
+"file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk "
+"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. "
+"Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and "
+"are typically apportioned as follows:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
-msgid "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
+msgid ""
+"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
+"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
-msgid "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 percent is more generous, and providing a higher value to the designer."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
+msgid ""
+"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
+"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
+"percent is more generous, and providing a higher value to the designer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
-msgid "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His designs have been downloaded over five thousand times in ninety-five countries. I.J. CNC Services is Ian Jinks, a professional maker based in the United Kingdom. Opendesk now makes up a large proportion of his business."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256
+msgid ""
+"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
+"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
+"designs have been downloaded over five thousand times in ninety-five "
+"countries. I.J. CNC Services is Ian Jinks, a professional maker based in the "
+"United Kingdom. Opendesk now makes up a large proportion of his business."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
-msgid "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, which uses only one type of material and one manufacturing technique. This allows them to be more strategic and more disruptive in the market, by getting things to market quickly with competitive prices. It also reflects their vision of creating reproducible and functional pieces."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
+msgid ""
+"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
+"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
+"which uses only one type of material and one manufacturing technique. This "
+"allows them to be more strategic and more disruptive in the market, by "
+"getting things to market quickly with competitive prices. It also reflects "
+"their vision of creating reproducible and functional pieces."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
-msgid "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: “Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+msgid ""
+"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
+"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
+"new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a "
+"more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable "
+"way to buy custom-made products.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
-msgid "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a certain international designer but was made by a maker in their local community; it’s a great story to tell. It certainly sets apart Opendesk furniture from the usual mass-produced items from a store."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5276
+msgid ""
+"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
+"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
+"certain international designer but was made by a maker in their local "
+"community; it’s a great story to tell. It certainly sets apart Opendesk "
+"furniture from the usual mass-produced items from a store."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
-msgid "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.4 People can submit ideas and discuss the principles and business practices they’d like to see used."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+msgid ""
+"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
+"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
+"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate "
+"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an "
+"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.4 People can submit "
+"ideas and discuss the principles and business practices they’d like to see "
+"used."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
-msgid "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could take one of their design files and make and sell infinite number of pieces of furniture with it. As a consequence, most Opendesk designers choose the Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
+msgid ""
+"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
+"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
+"take one of their design files and make and sell infinite number of pieces "
+"of furniture with it. As a consequence, most Opendesk designers choose the "
+"Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
-msgid "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293
+msgid ""
+"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
+"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
-msgid "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For example, these qualify as noncommercial:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5302
+msgid ""
+"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
+"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
+"compensation. For example, these qualify as noncommercial:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
-msgid "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
+msgid ""
+"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
+"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
-msgid "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
+msgid ""
+"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
+"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
-msgid "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees at a fab lab or maker space"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
+msgid ""
+"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
+"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
-msgid "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators out of a sense of fairness. They have found that behavioral economics can replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
+msgid ""
+"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
+"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
+"out of a sense of fairness. They have found that behavioral economics can "
+"replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and "
+"Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model "
+"that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and "
+"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
-msgid "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to their mission, and they’ve begun to focus on success metrics that track how many makers and designers are engaged through Opendesk in revenue-making work."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
+msgid ""
+"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
+"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
+"their mission, and they’ve begun to focus on success metrics that track how "
+"many makers and designers are engaged through Opendesk in revenue-making "
+"work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
-msgid "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
+msgid ""
+"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
+"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
+"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5354
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-83\"></span>OpenStax"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+msgid "OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5358
-msgid "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
+msgid ""
+"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
+"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
+"Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5363
-msgid "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
+"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5380
-msgid "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5366
+msgid ""
+"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
+"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
+"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. "
+"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. "
+"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely "
+"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, "
+"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of "
+"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and "
+"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5389
-msgid "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began investigating open educational resources (OER) and discovered Connexions. A year and a half later, Connexions received a grant to help grow the use of OER so that it could meet the needs of students who couldn’t afford textbooks. David came on board to spearhead this effort. Connexions became OpenStax CNX; the program to create open textbooks became OpenStax College, now simply called OpenStax."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375
+msgid ""
+"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
+"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
+"investigating open educational resources (OER) and discovered Connexions. A "
+"year and a half later, Connexions received a grant to help grow the use of "
+"OER so that it could meet the needs of students who couldn’t afford "
+"textbooks. David came on board to spearhead this effort. Connexions became "
+"OpenStax CNX; the program to create open textbooks became OpenStax College, "
+"now simply called OpenStax."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5399
-msgid "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, peer review and high standards for quality are critically important if you want to scale easily. Books have to have logical scope and sequence, they have to exist as a whole and not in pieces, and they have to be easy to find. The working hypothesis for the launch of OpenStax was to professionally produce a turnkey textbook by investing effort up front, with the expectation that this would lead to rapid growth through easy downstream adoptions by faculty and students."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385
+msgid ""
+"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
+"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
+"peer review and high standards for quality are critically important if you "
+"want to scale easily. Books have to have logical scope and sequence, they "
+"have to exist as a whole and not in pieces, and they have to be easy to "
+"find. The working hypothesis for the launch of OpenStax was to "
+"professionally produce a turnkey textbook by investing effort up front, with "
+"the expectation that this would lead to rapid growth through easy downstream "
+"adoptions by faculty and students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
-msgid "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they could help and how much money they could help save.1 Professionally produced content scales rapidly. All with no sales force!"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394
+msgid ""
+"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
+"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
+"free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the "
+"nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that "
+"proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they "
+"could help and how much money they could help save.1 Professionally produced "
+"content scales rapidly. All with no sales force!"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5416
-msgid "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical copy can buy one for an affordable price. Given the cost of education and student debt in North America, free or very low-cost textbooks are very appealing. OpenStax encourages students to talk to their professor and librarians about these textbooks and to advocate for their use."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
+msgid ""
+"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
+"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
+"copy can buy one for an affordable price. Given the cost of education and "
+"student debt in North America, free or very low-cost textbooks are very "
+"appealing. OpenStax encourages students to talk to their professor and "
+"librarians about these textbooks and to advocate for their use."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5423
-msgid "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire book. They can simply paste a URL into their course syllabus, for free and unlimited access. And with the CC BY license, teachers are free to delete chapters, make changes, and customize any book to fit their needs."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409
+msgid ""
+"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
+"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
+"book. They can simply paste a URL into their course syllabus, for free and "
+"unlimited access. And with the CC BY license, teachers are free to delete "
+"chapters, make changes, and customize any book to fit their needs."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5428
-msgid "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental material to accompany a textbook, OpenStax also provides slide presentations, test banks, answer keys, and so on."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5414
+msgid ""
+"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
+"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
+"material to accompany a textbook, OpenStax also provides slide "
+"presentations, test banks, answer keys, and so on."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433
-msgid "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks.2"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419
+msgid ""
+"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
+"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
+"calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps "
+"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
-msgid "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has adopted a model that embraces open licensing and relies on an extensive network of partners."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5424
+msgid ""
+"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
+"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
+"adopted a model that embraces open licensing and relies on an extensive "
+"network of partners."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5447
-msgid "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic investment."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433
+msgid ""
+"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
+"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
+"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, "
+"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, "
+"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. "
+"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and "
+"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic "
+"investment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
-msgid "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a partner takes core content from OpenStax and adds features that it can create revenue from. For example, WebAssign, an online homework and assessment tool, takes the physics book and adds algorithmically generated physics problems, with problem-specific feedback, detailed solutions, and tutorial support. WebAssign resources are available to students for a fee."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5442
+msgid ""
+"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
+"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
+"partner takes core content from OpenStax and adds features that it can "
+"create revenue from. For example, WebAssign, an online homework and "
+"assessment tool, takes the physics book and adds algorithmically generated "
+"physics problems, with problem-specific feedback, detailed solutions, and "
+"tutorial support. WebAssign resources are available to students for a fee."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
-msgid "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, using these funds."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5450
+msgid ""
+"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
+"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
+"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. "
+"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they "
+"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already "
+"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, "
+"using these funds."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5474
-msgid "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their materials."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
+msgid ""
+"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
+"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
+"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what "
+"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide "
+"their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. "
+"OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through "
+"free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners "
+"are out there showcasing their materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
-msgid "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, Tyton Partners is actually evaluating the costs of sales for an OER effort like OpenStax in comparison with incumbents. David looks forward to sharing these findings with the community."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
-msgid "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, OpenStax offers a complete solution that scales. OpenStax sells tens of thousands of print books. The price of an OpenStax sociology textbook is about twenty-eight dollars, a fraction of what sociology textbooks usually cost. OpenStax keeps the prices low but does aim to earn a small margin on each book sold, which also contributes to ongoing operations."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5466
+msgid ""
+"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
+"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
+"Tyton Partners is actually evaluating the costs of sales for an OER effort "
+"like OpenStax in comparison with incumbents. David looks forward to sharing "
+"these findings with the community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
-msgid "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is virtually a hundred percent."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5475
+msgid ""
+"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
+"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
+"OpenStax offers a complete solution that scales. OpenStax sells tens of "
+"thousands of print books. The price of an OpenStax sociology textbook is "
+"about twenty-eight dollars, a fraction of what sociology textbooks usually "
+"cost. OpenStax keeps the prices low but does aim to earn a small margin on "
+"each book sold, which also contributes to ongoing operations."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507
-msgid "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is reasonable."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
+msgid ""
+"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
+"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
+"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. "
+"While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a "
+"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. "
+"Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and "
+"use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break "
+"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. "
+"This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is "
+"virtually a hundred percent."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518
-msgid "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays off through wide geographic adoption. The OER 2.0 process for OpenStax involves two development models. The first is what David calls the acquisition model, where OpenStax purchases the rights from a publisher or author for an already published book and then extensively revises it. The OpenStax physics textbook, for example, was licensed from an author after the publisher released the rights back to the authors. The second model is to develop a book from scratch, a good example being their biology book."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5493
+msgid ""
+"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
+"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
+"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in "
+"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. "
+"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is "
+"reasonable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504
msgid ""
-"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the customer need? Where are students having challenges? Then they identify potential authors and put them through a rigorous evaluation—only one in ten authors make it through. OpenStax selects a team of authors who come together to develop a template for a chapter and collectively write the first draft (or revise it, in the acquisitions model). (OpenStax doesn’t do books with just a single author as David says it risks the project going longer than scheduled.) The draft is peer-reviewed with no less than three reviewers per chapter. A second draft is generated, with artists producing "
-"illustrations and visuals to go along with the text. The book is then copyedited to ensure grammatical correctness and a singular voice. Finally, it goes into production and through a final proofread. The whole process is very time-consuming."
+"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
+"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
+"off through wide geographic adoption. The OER 2.0 process for OpenStax "
+"involves two development models. The first is what David calls the "
+"acquisition model, where OpenStax purchases the rights from a publisher or "
+"author for an already published book and then extensively revises it. The "
+"OpenStax physics textbook, for example, was licensed from an author after "
+"the publisher released the rights back to the authors. The second model is "
+"to develop a book from scratch, a good example being their biology book."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
-msgid "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and they earn all the money up front."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5519
+msgid ""
+"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
+"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
+"customer need? Where are students having challenges? Then they identify "
+"potential authors and put them through a rigorous evaluation—only one in ten "
+"authors make it through. OpenStax selects a team of authors who come "
+"together to develop a template for a chapter and collectively write the "
+"first draft (or revise it, in the acquisitions model). (OpenStax doesn’t do "
+"books with just a single author as David says it risks the project going "
+"longer than scheduled.) The draft is peer-reviewed with no less than three "
+"reviewers per chapter. A second draft is generated, with artists producing "
+"illustrations and visuals to go along with the text. The book is then "
+"copyedited to ensure grammatical correctness and a singular voice. Finally, "
+"it goes into production and through a final proofread. The whole process is "
+"very time-consuming."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5528
+msgid ""
+"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
+"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
+"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might "
+"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only "
+"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all "
+"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and "
+"they earn all the money up front."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
-msgid "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5536
+msgid ""
+"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
+"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
+"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole "
+"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. "
+"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling "
+"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5559
-msgid "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others from making copies and heavily invest in digital rights management to ensure their books aren’t shared. By using CC BY, OpenStax avoids having to deal with digital rights management and its costs. OpenStax books can be copied and shared over and over again. CC BY changes the rules of engagement and takes advantage of traditional market inefficiencies."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5545
+msgid ""
+"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
+"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
+"from making copies and heavily invest in digital rights management to ensure "
+"their books aren’t shared. By using CC BY, OpenStax avoids having to deal "
+"with digital rights management and its costs. OpenStax books can be copied "
+"and shared over and over again. CC BY changes the rules of engagement and "
+"takes advantage of traditional market inefficiencies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
-msgid "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548
+msgid ""
+"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
+"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
-msgid "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 are two-year colleges, 835 four-year colleges and universities, and 344 colleges and universities outside the U.S.)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
+msgid ""
+"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
+"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
+"are two-year colleges, 835 four-year colleges and universities, and 344 "
+"colleges and universities outside the U.S.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
-msgid "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. Large scale adoption in the United States is seen as a necessary precursor to international interest."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+msgid ""
+"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
+"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
+"math (STEM) fields. Large scale adoption in the United States is seen as a "
+"necessary precursor to international interest."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
-msgid "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a broad offering for a specific group or need. David thinks it would be terrific if OpenStax could provide access to free textbooks through the entire curriculum of a nursing degree, for example."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568
+msgid ""
+"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
+"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
+"broad offering for a specific group or need. David thinks it would be "
+"terrific if OpenStax could provide access to free textbooks through the "
+"entire curriculum of a nursing degree, for example."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5592
-msgid "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is hard to quantify but incredibly important. They get emails from students saying how OpenStax saved them from making difficult choices like buying food or a textbook. OpenStax would also like to assess the impact their books have on learning efficiency, persistence, and completion. By building an open business model based on Creative Commons, OpenStax is making it possible for every student who wants access to education to get it."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
+msgid ""
+"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
+"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
+"hard to quantify but incredibly important. They get emails from students "
+"saying how OpenStax saved them from making difficult choices like buying "
+"food or a textbook. OpenStax would also like to assess the impact their "
+"books have on learning efficiency, persistence, and completion. By building "
+"an open business model based on Creative Commons, OpenStax is making it "
+"possible for every student who wants access to education to get it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
-msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+msgid ""
+"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-84\"></span>Amanda Palmer"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+msgid "Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
-msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person version (performances), selling merchandise"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
+"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
+"version (performances), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5615
-msgid "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to sustain her creative work. 1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5621
-msgid "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+msgid ""
+"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
+"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
+"sustain her creative work. 1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
-msgid "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy food so we can make more art.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
+msgid ""
+"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
+"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
+"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of "
+"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5640
-msgid "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk crates, and hand out flowers to strangers as part of a silent dramatic performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614
+msgid ""
+"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
+"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
+"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the "
+"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, "
+"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy "
+"food so we can make more art.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
-msgid "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5626
+msgid ""
+"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
+"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
+"crates, and hand out flowers to strangers as part of a silent dramatic "
+"performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without "
+"stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her "
+"hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of "
+"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I "
+"needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough "
+"to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make "
+"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5659
-msgid "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter project started with a goal of \\$100,000, and she made \\$1.2 million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5635
+msgid ""
+"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
+"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
+"and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda "
+"tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take "
+"for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely "
+"no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music "
+"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5669
-msgid "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5645
+msgid ""
+"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
+"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
+"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you "
+"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live "
+"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try "
+"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter "
+"project started with a goal of \\$100,000, and she made \\$1.2 million. It "
+"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5655
msgid ""
-"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her work has been part of her model since the beginning of her career, even before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. Once "
-"she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit."
+"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
+"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
+"on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring "
+"donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to "
+"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” "
+"that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per "
+"thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an "
+"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
-msgid "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
+msgid ""
+"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
+"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
+"work has been part of her model since the beginning of her career, even "
+"before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used "
+"to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music "
+"for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it "
+"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-"
+"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
+"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone "
+"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. "
+"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy "
+"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what "
+"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural "
+"fit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5677
+msgid ""
+"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
+"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
+"music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather "
+"than seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got "
+"into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5699
-msgid "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5685
+msgid ""
+"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
+"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
+"she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings "
+"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only "
+"did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most "
+"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
-msgid "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact with her fans every chance she can get. Her hugely successful Kickstarter featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695
+msgid ""
+"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
+"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
+"with her fans every chance she can get. Her hugely successful Kickstarter "
+"featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in "
+"the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, "
+"engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component "
+"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. "
+"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5718
-msgid "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she essentially lives her life as an open book. She has written openly about incredibly personal events in her life, and she isn’t afraid to be vulnerable. Having that kind of trust in her fans—the trust it takes to be truly honest—begets trust from her fans in return. When she meets fans for the first time after a show, they can legitimately feel like they know her."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
+msgid ""
+"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
+"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
+"essentially lives her life as an open book. She has written openly about "
+"incredibly personal events in her life, and she isn’t afraid to be "
+"vulnerable. Having that kind of trust in her fans—the trust it takes to be "
+"truly honest—begets trust from her fans in return. When she meets fans for "
+"the first time after a show, they can legitimately feel like they know her."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
-msgid "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5711
+msgid ""
+"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
+"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
+"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just "
+"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us "
+"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself "
+"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5733
-msgid "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she treats her fans like friends in nearly every possible way, even when they are complete strangers. This mentality—that fans are friends—is completely intertwined with Amanda’s success as an artist. It is also intertwined with her use of Creative Commons licenses. Because that is what you do with your friends—you share."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5719
+msgid ""
+"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
+"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
+"treats her fans like friends in nearly every possible way, even when they "
+"are complete strangers. This mentality—that fans are friends—is completely "
+"intertwined with Amanda’s success as an artist. It is also intertwined with "
+"her use of Creative Commons licenses. Because that is what you do with your "
+"friends—you share."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5741
-msgid "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through pay-what-you-want donations, Kickstarter, Patreon, or even asking them to lend a hand at a concert. As Amanda explains it, crowdfunding (which is really what all of these different things are) is about asking for support from people who know and trust you. People who feel personally invested in your success."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
+msgid ""
+"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
+"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
+"pay-what-you-want donations, Kickstarter, Patreon, or even asking them to "
+"lend a hand at a concert. As Amanda explains it, crowdfunding (which is "
+"really what all of these different things are) is about asking for support "
+"from people who know and trust you. People who feel personally invested in "
+"your success."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5748
-msgid "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734
+msgid ""
+"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
+"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
+"of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her "
+"band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously "
+"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5756
-msgid "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to you.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742
+msgid ""
+"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
+"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
+"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not "
+"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. "
+"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to "
+"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to "
+"you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
-msgid "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing the music. She loves the creativity with which her fans use and adapt her work, but she intentionally does not involve them at the first stage of creating her artistic work. And, of course, the songs and music are what initially draw people to Amanda Palmer. It is only once she has connected to people through her music that she can then begin to build ties with them on a more personal level, both in person and online. In her book, Amanda describes it as casting a net. It starts with the art and then the bond strengthens with human connection."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5753
+msgid ""
+"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
+"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
+"the music. She loves the creativity with which her fans use and adapt her "
+"work, but she intentionally does not involve them at the first stage of "
+"creating her artistic work. And, of course, the songs and music are what "
+"initially draw people to Amanda Palmer. It is only once she has connected to "
+"people through her music that she can then begin to build ties with them on "
+"a more personal level, both in person and online. In her book, Amanda "
+"describes it as casting a net. It starts with the art and then the bond "
+"strengthens with human connection."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
-msgid "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761
+msgid ""
+"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
+"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
+"years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with "
+"human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art "
+"through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having "
+"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
-msgid "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to help her, she lets them."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
+msgid ""
+"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
+"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
+"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. "
+"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from "
+"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other "
+"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to "
+"help her, she lets them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5787
-msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+msgid ""
+"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
+"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
+"\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5789
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-85\"></span>PLOS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+msgid "PLOS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-86\"></span>(Public Library of Science)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+msgid "(Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
-msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
+msgid ""
+"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
+"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
+"S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
-msgid "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
+"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5790
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804
msgid ""
-"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an online petition. They were calling for scientists to stop submitting papers to journals that didn’t make the full text of their papers freely available immediately or within six months. Although tens of thousands signed the petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released "
-"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
-msgid "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical considerations, the article is then peer-reviewed to determine if the quality of the work is acceptable for publishing. Once accepted, the publisher takes the article through the process of copyediting, typesetting, and eventual publishing in a print or online publication. Traditional journal publishers recover costs and earn profit by charging a subscription fee to libraries or an access fee to users wanting to read the journal or article."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5838
-msgid "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most research is funded through government-appointed agencies, that is, with public funds. It’s unjust that the public who funded the research would be required to pay again to access the results. Not everyone can afford the ever-escalating subscription fees publishers charge, especially when library budgets are being reduced. Restricting access to the results of scientific research slows the dissemination of this research and advancement of the field. It was time for a new model."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5848
-msgid "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a paywall and do not require a login. A key benefit of open access is that it allows people to freely use, copy, and distribute the articles, as they are primarily published under an Attribution (CC BY) license (which only requires the user to provide appropriate attribution). And more importantly, policy makers, clinicians, entrepreneurs, educators, and students around the world have free and timely access to the latest research immediately on publication."
+"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
+"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
+"online petition. They were calling for scientists to stop submitting papers "
+"to journals that didn’t make the full text of their papers freely available "
+"immediately or within six months. Although tens of thousands signed the "
+"petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael "
+"announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to "
+"do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the "
+"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-"
+"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under "
+"Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5859
-msgid "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, PLOS decided to turn the model on its head and charge a publication fee, known as an article-processing charge. This up-front fee, generally paid by the funder of the research or the author’s institution, covers the expenses such as editorial oversight, peer-review management, journal production, online hosting, and support for discovery. Fees are per article and are billed upon acceptance for publishing. There are no additional charges based on word length, figures, or other elements."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5814
+msgid ""
+"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
+"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
+"considerations, the article is then peer-reviewed to determine if the "
+"quality of the work is acceptable for publishing. Once accepted, the "
+"publisher takes the article through the process of copyediting, typesetting, "
+"and eventual publishing in a print or online publication. Traditional "
+"journal publishers recover costs and earn profit by charging a subscription "
+"fee to libraries or an access fee to users wanting to read the journal or "
+"article."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
-msgid "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under \\$1,500."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5824
+msgid ""
+"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
+"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
+"research is funded through government-appointed agencies, that is, with "
+"public funds. It’s unjust that the public who funded the research would be "
+"required to pay again to access the results. Not everyone can afford the "
+"ever-escalating subscription fees publishers charge, especially when library "
+"budgets are being reduced. Restricting access to the results of scientific "
+"research slows the dissemination of this research and advancement of the "
+"field. It was time for a new model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
-msgid "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5834
+msgid ""
+"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
+"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
+"paywall and do not require a login. A key benefit of open access is that it "
+"allows people to freely use, copy, and distribute the articles, as they are "
+"primarily published under an Attribution (CC BY) license (which only "
+"requires the user to provide appropriate attribution). And more importantly, "
+"policy makers, clinicians, entrepreneurs, educators, and students around the "
+"world have free and timely access to the latest research immediately on "
+"publication."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
msgid ""
-"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily in staff, buildings, and infrastructure to market their journal and convince customers to subscribe. Restricting access to subscribers means that tools for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better "
-"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors to submit their work for publication."
+"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
+"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
+"PLOS decided to turn the model on its head and charge a publication fee, "
+"known as an article-processing charge. This up-front fee, generally paid by "
+"the funder of the research or the author’s institution, covers the expenses "
+"such as editorial oversight, peer-review management, journal production, "
+"online hosting, and support for discovery. Fees are per article and are "
+"billed upon acceptance for publishing. There are no additional charges based "
+"on word length, figures, or other elements."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894
-msgid "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of this aligns with how they think research content should be published and disseminated."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5853
+msgid ""
+"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
+"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
+"that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, "
+"genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, "
+"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-"
+"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under "
+"\\$1,500."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5898
-msgid "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public repository and provide a data-availability statement."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5858
+msgid ""
+"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
+"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
+"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
-msgid "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the editorial, peer-review, production, typesetting, and publishing stages are all the same as for a traditional publisher. The editorial teams must be top notch. PLOS has to function as well as or better than other premier journals, as researchers have a choice about where to publish."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5873
+msgid ""
+"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
+"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
+"in staff, buildings, and infrastructure to market their journal and convince "
+"customers to subscribe. Restricting access to subscribers means that tools "
+"for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on "
+"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
+"open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the "
+"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. "
+"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to "
+"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better "
+"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research "
+"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors "
+"to submit their work for publication."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880
+msgid ""
+"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
+"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
+"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
+"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
+"this aligns with how they think research content should be published and "
+"disseminated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5911
-msgid "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that journal, and the prestige associated with it. PLOS journals rank high, even though they are relatively new."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
+msgid ""
+"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
+"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
+"repository and provide a data-availability statement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5919
-msgid "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to discover and read the work of others in their field, they go to an online aggregator or search engine, and not typically to a particular journal. The CC BY licensing of PLOS research articles ensures easy access for readers and generates more discovery and citations for authors."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5892
+msgid ""
+"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
+"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
+"editorial, peer-review, production, typesetting, and publishing stages are "
+"all the same as for a traditional publisher. The editorial teams must be top "
+"notch. PLOS has to function as well as or better than other premier "
+"journals, as researchers have a choice about where to publish."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5926
-msgid "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now widespread and used in some form by every journal publisher. PLOS has had a big impact. In 2012 to 2014, they published more open-access articles than BioMed Central, the original open-access publisher, or anyone else."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
+msgid ""
+"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
+"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
+"journal, and the prestige associated with it. PLOS journals rank high, even "
+"though they are relatively new."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5905
msgid ""
-"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched in 2006, is an open-access peer-reviewed academic journal that is much larger than a traditional journal, publishing thousands of articles per year and benefiting from economies of scale. PLOS ONE has a broad scope, covering science and medicine as well as social sciences and the humanities. The review and editorial process is less subjective. Articles are accepted for publication based on whether they are technically sound rather than perceived importance or relevance. This is very important in the current debate about the integrity and reproducibility of research because negative or null "
-"results can then be published as well, which are generally rejected by traditional journals. PLOS ONE, like all the PLOS journals, is online only with no print version. PLOS passes on the financial savings accrued through economies of scale to researchers and the public by lowering the article-processing charges, which are below that of other journals. PLOS ONE is the biggest journal in the world and has really set the bar for publishing academic journal articles on a large scale. Other publishers see the value of the PLOS ONE model and are now offering their own multidisciplinary forums for publishing all sound science."
+"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
+"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
+"discover and read the work of others in their field, they go to an online "
+"aggregator or search engine, and not typically to a particular journal. The "
+"CC BY licensing of PLOS research articles ensures easy access for readers "
+"and generates more discovery and citations for authors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
-msgid "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could be adjusted to change current practice."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5912
+msgid ""
+"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
+"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
+"widespread and used in some form by every journal publisher. PLOS has had a "
+"big impact. In 2012 to 2014, they published more open-access articles than "
+"BioMed Central, the original open-access publisher, or anyone else."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5956
-msgid "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, there is always a trade-off with scale, as the bigger the volume of articles, the more time the approval process inevitably takes."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
+msgid ""
+"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
+"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
+"in 2006, is an open-access peer-reviewed academic journal that is much "
+"larger than a traditional journal, publishing thousands of articles per year "
+"and benefiting from economies of scale. PLOS ONE has a broad scope, covering "
+"science and medicine as well as social sciences and the humanities. The "
+"review and editorial process is less subjective. Articles are accepted for "
+"publication based on whether they are technically sound rather than "
+"perceived importance or relevance. This is very important in the current "
+"debate about the integrity and reproducibility of research because negative "
+"or null results can then be published as well, which are generally rejected "
+"by traditional journals. PLOS ONE, like all the PLOS journals, is online "
+"only with no print version. PLOS passes on the financial savings accrued "
+"through economies of scale to researchers and the public by lowering the "
+"article-processing charges, which are below that of other journals. PLOS ONE "
+"is the biggest journal in the world and has really set the bar for "
+"publishing academic journal articles on a large scale. Other publishers see "
+"the value of the PLOS ONE model and are now offering their own "
+"multidisciplinary forums for publishing all sound science."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5937
+msgid ""
+"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
+"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
+"be adjusted to change current practice."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
-msgid "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what constitutes the final article for publication. Louise talked about the potential to shift to an open-review process, placing the emphasis on transparency rather than double-blind reviews. Louise thinks we’re moving into a direction where it’s actually beneficial for an author to know who is reviewing their paper and for the reviewer to know their review will be public. An open-review process can also ensure everyone gets credit; right now, credit is limited to the publisher and author."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5942
+msgid ""
+"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
+"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
+"there is always a trade-off with scale, as the bigger the volume of "
+"articles, the more time the approval process inevitably takes."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
-msgid "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as positive results. If journals published more research with negative outcomes, we’d learn from what didn’t work. It could also reduce how much the research wheel gets reinvented around the world."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5952
+msgid ""
+"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
+"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
+"constitutes the final article for publication. Louise talked about the "
+"potential to shift to an open-review process, placing the emphasis on "
+"transparency rather than double-blind reviews. Louise thinks we’re moving "
+"into a direction where it’s actually beneficial for an author to know who is "
+"reviewing their paper and for the reviewer to know their review will be "
+"public. An open-review process can also ensure everyone gets credit; right "
+"now, credit is limited to the publisher and author."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5957
msgid ""
-"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long time because articles must undergo extensive peer review. The need to quickly circulate current results within a scientific community has led to a practice of distributing pre-print documents that have not yet undergone peer review. Preprints broaden the peer-review process, allowing authors to receive early feedback from a wide group of peers, which can help revise and prepare the article for submission. Offsetting the advantages of preprints are author concerns over ensuring their primacy of being first to come up with findings based on their research. Other researches may see "
-"findings the preprint author has not yet thought of. However, preprints help researchers get their discoveries out early and establish precedence. A big challenge is that researchers don’t have a lot of time to comment on preprints."
+"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
+"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
+"outcomes, we’d learn from what didn’t work. It could also reduce how much "
+"the research wheel gets reinvented around the world."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994
-msgid "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and online open up new possibilities, such as a living document evolving over time, inclusion of audio and video, and interactivity, like discussion and recommendations. Even the size of what gets published could change. With these changes the current form factor for what constitutes a research article would undergo transformation."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
+msgid ""
+"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
+"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
+"time because articles must undergo extensive peer review. The need to "
+"quickly circulate current results within a scientific community has led to a "
+"practice of distributing pre-print documents that have not yet undergone "
+"peer review. Preprints broaden the peer-review process, allowing authors to "
+"receive early feedback from a wide group of peers, which can help revise and "
+"prepare the article for submission. Offsetting the advantages of preprints "
+"are author concerns over ensuring their primacy of being first to come up "
+"with findings based on their research. Other researches may see findings "
+"the preprint author has not yet thought of. However, preprints help "
+"researchers get their discoveries out early and establish precedence. A big "
+"challenge is that researchers don’t have a lot of time to comment on "
+"preprints."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5980
+msgid ""
+"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
+"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
+"online open up new possibilities, such as a living document evolving over "
+"time, inclusion of audio and video, and interactivity, like discussion and "
+"recommendations. Even the size of what gets published could change. With "
+"these changes the current form factor for what constitutes a research "
+"article would undergo transformation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
-msgid "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like drinking from a fire hose. To help mitigate this, PLOS aggregates and curates content from PLOS journals and their network of blogs.1 It also offers something called Article-Level Metrics, which helps users assess research most relevant to the field itself, based on indicators like usage, citations, social bookmarking and dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and ratings.2 Louise believes that the journal model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user experience, including a way for readers to communicate with authors."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
+msgid ""
+"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
+"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
+"drinking from a fire hose. To help mitigate this, PLOS aggregates and "
+"curates content from PLOS journals and their network of blogs.1 It also "
+"offers something called Article-Level Metrics, which helps users assess "
+"research most relevant to the field itself, based on indicators like usage, "
+"citations, social bookmarking and dissemination activity, media and blog "
+"coverage, discussions, and ratings.2 Louise believes that the journal model "
+"could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user experience, "
+"including a way for readers to communicate with authors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
-msgid "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and dissemination of research, while ensuring its integrity and reliability. The ways they interlink are complex. The process of change and adjustment is not linear. PLOS sees itself as a very flexible publisher interested in exploring all the permutations research-publishing can take, with authors and readers who are open to experimentation."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
+msgid ""
+"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
+"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
+"dissemination of research, while ensuring its integrity and reliability. The "
+"ways they interlink are complex. The process of change and adjustment is not "
+"linear. PLOS sees itself as a very flexible publisher interested in "
+"exploring all the permutations research-publishing can take, with authors "
+"and readers who are open to experimentation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
-msgid "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, for the benefit of researchers and society. The CC BY license makes it possible for PLOS to publish in a way that is unfettered, open, and fast, while ensuring that the authors get credit for their work. More than two million scientists, scholars, and clinicians visit PLOS every month, with more than 135,000 quality articles to peruse for free."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+msgid ""
+"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
+"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
+"for the benefit of researchers and society. The CC BY license makes it "
+"possible for PLOS to publish in a way that is unfettered, open, and fast, "
+"while ensuring that the authors get credit for their work. More than two "
+"million scientists, scholars, and clinicians visit PLOS every month, with "
+"more than 135,000 quality articles to peruse for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
-msgid "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of science."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6013
+msgid ""
+"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
+"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
+"science."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6034
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-87\"></span>Rijksmuseum"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-87\"></span>Rijksmuseum"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Rijksmuseum"
+msgstr "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6037
-msgid "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
-msgstr "El Rijksmuseum es un museo nacional holandés dedicado al arte y a la historia. Fundado en 1800 en Holanda (Países Bajos)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+msgid ""
+"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
+"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
+msgstr ""
+"El Rijksmuseum es un museo nacional holandés dedicado al arte y a la "
+"historia. Fundado en 1800 en Holanda (Países Bajos)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
-msgid "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version"
-msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: subvenciones y financiamiento gubernamental, cobro de entrada"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version"
+msgstr ""
+"Modelo de ingresos: subvenciones y financiamiento gubernamental, cobro de "
+"entrada"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr "(admisión al museo), venta de mercancías"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 11 de diciembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049
-msgid "Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information department"
-msgstr "Entrevistada: Lizzy Jongma, Gerente de Datos del Departamento de Información sobre Colecciones"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6035
msgid ""
-"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental building enjoyed more than 125 years of intensive use before needing a thorough overhaul. In 2003, the museum was closed for renovations. Asbestos was found in the roof, and although the museum was scheduled to be closed for only three to four years, renovations ended up taking ten years. During this time, the collection was moved to a different part of Amsterdam, which created a physical distance with the curators. Out of necessity, they started digitally photographing the collection and creating metadata (information about each object to put into a database). With the renovations "
-"going on for so long, the museum became largely forgotten by the public. Out of these circumstances emerged a new and more open model for the museum."
+"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
+"department"
msgstr ""
-"El Rijksmuseum, un museo nacional de Holanda dedicado al arte y a la historia, ha sido alojado en su edificio actual desde 1885. El edificio monumental disfrutó más de 125 años de uso intensivo antes de necesitar una revisión general. En el 2003, se cerró el museo por renovaciones. Se encontró amianto en el techo, y aunque estaba previsto que el museo cerrara solamente de tres a cuatro años, las reformas terminaron tomando diez años. Durante este tiempo, la colección fue movida a una parte diferente de Ámsterdam, lo que creó una distancia física con los curadores. A partir de la necesidad, comenzaron a fotografiar digitalmente la colección y a crear metadatos (información sobre cada objeto para poner en una base de datos). Con las "
-"renovaciones tomando tanto tiempo, el museo empezó a perder lugar en la memoria del público. A partir de estas circunstancias, nació un nuevo modelo para el museo, más abierto."
+"Entrevistada: Lizzy Jongma, Gerente de Datos del Departamento de Información "
+"sobre Colecciones"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051
+msgid ""
+"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
+"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
+"building enjoyed more than 125 years of intensive use before needing a "
+"thorough overhaul. In 2003, the museum was closed for renovations. Asbestos "
+"was found in the roof, and although the museum was scheduled to be closed "
+"for only three to four years, renovations ended up taking ten years. During "
+"this time, the collection was moved to a different part of Amsterdam, which "
+"created a physical distance with the curators. Out of necessity, they "
+"started digitally photographing the collection and creating metadata "
+"(information about each object to put into a database). With the renovations "
+"going on for so long, the museum became largely forgotten by the public. Out "
+"of these circumstances emerged a new and more open model for the museum."
+msgstr ""
+"El Rijksmuseum, un museo nacional de Holanda dedicado al arte y a la "
+"historia, ha sido alojado en su edificio actual desde 1885. El edificio "
+"monumental disfrutó más de 125 años de uso intensivo antes de necesitar una "
+"revisión general. En el 2003, se cerró el museo por renovaciones. Se "
+"encontró amianto en el techo, y aunque estaba previsto que el museo cerrara "
+"solamente de tres a cuatro años, las reformas terminaron tomando diez años. "
+"Durante este tiempo, la colección fue movida a una parte diferente de "
+"Ámsterdam, lo que creó una distancia física con los curadores. A partir de "
+"la necesidad, comenzaron a fotografiar digitalmente la colección y a crear "
+"metadatos (información sobre cada objeto para poner en una base de datos). "
+"Con las renovaciones tomando tanto tiempo, el museo empezó a perder lugar en "
+"la memoria del público. A partir de estas circunstancias, nació un nuevo "
+"modelo para el museo, más abierto."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6063
msgid ""
-"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized that even with the new and larger space, it still wouldn’t be able to show very much of the whole collection—eight thousand of over one million works representing just 1 percent. Staff began exploring ways to express themselves, to have something to show for all of the work they had been doing. The Rijksmuseum is primarily funded by Dutch taxpayers, so was there a way for the museum provide benefit to the public while it was closed? They began thinking about sharing Rijksmuseum’s collection using information technology. And they put up a card-catalog like database of the entire "
+"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
+"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
+"that even with the new and larger space, it still wouldn’t be able to show "
+"very much of the whole collection—eight thousand of over one million works "
+"representing just 1 percent. Staff began exploring ways to express "
+"themselves, to have something to show for all of the work they had been "
+"doing. The Rijksmuseum is primarily funded by Dutch taxpayers, so was there "
+"a way for the museum provide benefit to the public while it was closed? They "
+"began thinking about sharing Rijksmuseum’s collection using information "
+"technology. And they put up a card-catalog like database of the entire "
"collection online."
msgstr ""
-"Para el momento en que Lizzy Jongma se unió al Rijskmuseum en 2011 como Gerente de Datos, el personal estaba harto de la situación en la que se encontraba el museo. También se dieron cuenta que incluso con un espacio nuevo y más grande, iban a seguir sin poder mostrar mucho de toda la colección—ocho mil sobre un millón de obras representando solamente el 1 por ciento. El personal empezó a explorar formas de expresarse, para tener algo que mostrar de todo el trabajo que habían estado haciendo. El Rijskmuseum está principalmente financiado por los ciudadanos holandeses, por lo tanto, ¿había alguna forma de que el museo le diera beneficios al público mientras estaba cerrado? Empezaron a pensar en compartir la colección del Rijksmuseum "
-"utilizando tecnologías informáticas. Y pusieron una base de datos parecida a un catálogo de fichas de toda la colección en línea."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
-msgid "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having potential. They liked the idea of inviting people to do cool stuff with their collection. What about giving online access to digital representations of the one hundred most important pieces in the Rijksmuseum collection? That eventually led to why not put the whole collection online?"
-msgstr "Era efectiva pero un poco aburrida. Eran solamente datos. Un hackatón al que fueron invitados los puso a hablar acerca del potencial de eventos como ese. Les gustó la idea de invitar a la gente a hacer cosas interesantes con la colección del museo. ¿Y qué tal si le daban acceso en línea a las representaciones digitales de las cien piezas más importantes de la colección del Rijksmuseum? Eso eventualmente llevó a ¿y por qué no poner toda la colección en línea?"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+"Para el momento en que Lizzy Jongma se unió al Rijskmuseum en 2011 como "
+"Gerente de Datos, el personal estaba harto de la situación en la que se "
+"encontraba el museo. También se dieron cuenta que incluso con un espacio "
+"nuevo y más grande, iban a seguir sin poder mostrar mucho de toda la "
+"colección—ocho mil sobre un millón de obras representando solamente el 1 por "
+"ciento. El personal empezó a explorar formas de expresarse, para tener algo "
+"que mostrar de todo el trabajo que habían estado haciendo. El Rijskmuseum "
+"está principalmente financiado por los ciudadanos holandeses, por lo tanto, "
+"¿había alguna forma de que el museo le diera beneficios al público mientras "
+"estaba cerrado? Empezaron a pensar en compartir la colección del Rijksmuseum "
+"utilizando tecnologías informáticas. Y pusieron una base de datos parecida a "
+"un catálogo de fichas de toda la colección en línea."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6071
msgid ""
-"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to museum collections all across Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October 2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools people could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was the first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their collection and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially found this change in business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it stimulated even more discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit."
-msgstr "Luego, dice Lizzy, llegó Europeana. Europeana es la biblioteca, museo y archivo digital del patrimonio cultural de Europa. Como portal en línea de las colecciones de los museos alrededor de Europa, Europeana se había vuelto una plataforma en línea importante. En 2010, Creative Commons lanzó la licencia CC0 y su marca del dominio público como herramientas que la gente podía utilizar para identificar obras de las que se conociera que estaban libres de derecho de autor. Lizzy dice que inicialmente el Rijksmuseum sintió un poco de miedo de este cambio en la forma de gestionar el museo, pero al mismo tiempo estimuló aún más discusiones sobre si el Rijksmuseum debería seguir el ejemplo."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6108
-msgid "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of them of very poor quality. They could spend time and money policing its use, but it would probably be futile and wouldn’t make people stop using their images online. They ended up thinking it’s an utter waste of time to hunt down people who use the Rijksmuseum collection. And anyway, restricting access meant the people they were frustrating the most were schoolkids."
-msgstr ""
-"Se dieron cuenta de que ellos no son los dueños de la colección y que no podían de manera realista controlar y regular el cumplimiento de los términos restrictivos de licenciamiento que habían elaborado. Por ejemplo, muchas copias y versiones de la Lechera de Vermeer (parte de su colección) ya estaban en línea, muchas de ellas con una calidad muy pobre. Podían perder tiempo y dinero monitoreando su uso, pero eso probablemente sería fútil y no haría que la gente dejara de utilizar sus imágenes. Terminaron pensando que en última instancia es una pérdida de tiempo perseguir a la gente que usa la colección del Rijksmuseum. Y de todos modos, restringir el acceso significaba que la gente que más se frustraba eran los niños en edad "
+"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
+"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
+"potential. They liked the idea of inviting people to do cool stuff with "
+"their collection. What about giving online access to digital representations "
+"of the one hundred most important pieces in the Rijksmuseum collection? That "
+"eventually led to why not put the whole collection online?"
+msgstr ""
+"Era efectiva pero un poco aburrida. Eran solamente datos. Un hackatón al que "
+"fueron invitados los puso a hablar acerca del potencial de eventos como ese. "
+"Les gustó la idea de invitar a la gente a hacer cosas interesantes con la "
+"colección del museo. ¿Y qué tal si le daban acceso en línea a las "
+"representaciones digitales de las cien piezas más importantes de la "
+"colección del Rijksmuseum? Eso eventualmente llevó a ¿y por qué no poner "
+"toda la colección en línea?"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6083
+msgid ""
+"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
+"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
+"museum collections all across Europe, Europeana had become an important "
+"online platform. In October 2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its "
+"public-domain mark as tools people could use to identify works as free of "
+"known copyright. Europeana was the first major adopter, using CC0 to release "
+"metadata about their collection and the public domain mark for millions of "
+"digital works in their collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially "
+"found this change in business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it "
+"stimulated even more discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow "
+"suit."
+msgstr ""
+"Luego, dice Lizzy, llegó Europeana. Europeana es la biblioteca, museo y "
+"archivo digital del patrimonio cultural de Europa. Como portal en línea de "
+"las colecciones de los museos alrededor de Europa, Europeana se había vuelto "
+"una plataforma en línea importante. En 2010, Creative Commons lanzó la "
+"licencia CC0 y su marca del dominio público como herramientas que la gente "
+"podía utilizar para identificar obras de las que se conociera que estaban "
+"libres de derecho de autor. Lizzy dice que inicialmente el Rijksmuseum "
+"sintió un poco de miedo de este cambio en la forma de gestionar el museo, "
+"pero al mismo tiempo estimuló aún más discusiones sobre si el Rijksmuseum "
+"debería seguir el ejemplo."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6094
+msgid ""
+"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
+"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
+"terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of "
+"Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of "
+"them of very poor quality. They could spend time and money policing its use, "
+"but it would probably be futile and wouldn’t make people stop using their "
+"images online. They ended up thinking it’s an utter waste of time to hunt "
+"down people who use the Rijksmuseum collection. And anyway, restricting "
+"access meant the people they were frustrating the most were schoolkids."
+msgstr ""
+"Se dieron cuenta de que ellos no son los dueños de la colección y que no "
+"podían de manera realista controlar y regular el cumplimiento de los "
+"términos restrictivos de licenciamiento que habían elaborado. Por ejemplo, "
+"muchas copias y versiones de la Lechera de Vermeer (parte de su colección) "
+"ya estaban en línea, muchas de ellas con una calidad muy pobre. Podían "
+"perder tiempo y dinero monitoreando su uso, pero eso probablemente sería "
+"fútil y no haría que la gente dejara de utilizar sus imágenes. Terminaron "
+"pensando que en última instancia es una pérdida de tiempo perseguir a la "
+"gente que usa la colección del Rijksmuseum. Y de todos modos, restringir el "
+"acceso significaba que la gente que más se frustraba eran los niños en edad "
"escolar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
-"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place works in the public domain. A medium-resolution image was offered for free, but a high-resolution version cost forty euros. People started paying, but Lizzy says getting the money was frequently a nightmare, especially from overseas customers. The administrative costs often offset revenue, and income above costs was relatively low. In addition, having to pay for an image of a work in the public domain from a collection owned by the Dutch government (i.e., paid for by the public) was contentious and frustrating for some. Lizzy says they had lots of fierce debates about what to do."
-msgstr ""
-"En el 2011 el Rijksmuseum comenzó a poner en línea sus fotos digitales de obras que sabían que estaban libres de derecho de autor, usando la licencia Creative Commons CC0 para identificar a las obras en el dominio público. Una imagen con resolución media estaba disponible de manera gratuita, pero una versión de alta resolución costaba cuarenta euros. La gente empezó a pagar, pero Lizzy dice que conseguir el dinero era frecuentemente una pesadilla, sobre todo de los consumidores de afuera. Los costos administrativos a menudo superaban la ganancia, y el ingreso sobre los costos era relativamente bajo. Además, tener que pagar para una imagen de una obra en el dominio público de una colección propiedad del gobierno holandés (es decir, "
-"pagada por el público) era objeto de controversia y frustración para algunos. Lizzy dice que tuvieron un montón de debates feroces sobre qué hacer."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6130
-msgid "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection online."
-msgstr "En el 2013, el Rijksmuseum cambió su modelo de negocios. Licenciaron sus imágenes de alta calidad con una licencia Creative Commons, de manera gratuita. Sin embargo, la digitalización aún cuesta dinero. Decidieron definir proyectos concretos de digitalización y encontrar patrocinadores dispuestos a financiar cada proyecto. Esto resultó ser una estrategia exitosa, generando mucho interés por parte de los patrocinadores y poco esfuerzo administrativo para el Rijksmuseum. Comenzaron poniendo a disposición 150,000 imágenes de alta calidad de su colección, con el objetivo de eventualmente tener toda la colección en Internet."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
+"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
+"works in the public domain. A medium-resolution image was offered for free, "
+"but a high-resolution version cost forty euros. People started paying, but "
+"Lizzy says getting the money was frequently a nightmare, especially from "
+"overseas customers. The administrative costs often offset revenue, and "
+"income above costs was relatively low. In addition, having to pay for an "
+"image of a work in the public domain from a collection owned by the Dutch "
+"government (i.e., paid for by the public) was contentious and frustrating "
+"for some. Lizzy says they had lots of fierce debates about what to do."
+msgstr ""
+"En el 2011 el Rijksmuseum comenzó a poner en línea sus fotos digitales de "
+"obras que sabían que estaban libres de derecho de autor, usando la licencia "
+"Creative Commons CC0 para identificar a las obras en el dominio público. Una "
+"imagen con resolución media estaba disponible de manera gratuita, pero una "
+"versión de alta resolución costaba cuarenta euros. La gente empezó a pagar, "
+"pero Lizzy dice que conseguir el dinero era frecuentemente una pesadilla, "
+"sobre todo de los consumidores de afuera. Los costos administrativos a "
+"menudo superaban la ganancia, y el ingreso sobre los costos era "
+"relativamente bajo. Además, tener que pagar para una imagen de una obra en "
+"el dominio público de una colección propiedad del gobierno holandés (es "
+"decir, pagada por el público) era objeto de controversia y frustración para "
+"algunos. Lizzy dice que tuvieron un montón de debates feroces sobre qué "
+"hacer."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6116
msgid ""
-"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in "
-"real life by visiting the actual museum."
-msgstr ""
-"Liberar estas imágenes de alta calidad de manera gratuita redujo el número de imágenes de baja calidad que proliferaban por Internet. La imagen de alta calidad de la Lechefra de Vermeer, por ejemplo, se descarga de dos a tres mil veces en un mes. En Internet, las imágenes de una fuente como el Rijksmuseum son más confiables, y liberarlas con una licencia Creative Commons CC0 significa que pueden ser fácilmente halladas en otras plataformas. Por ejemplo, las imágenes del Rijksmuseum son utilizadas ahora en miles de artículos de Wikipedia, recibiendo de diez a once millones de vistas por mes. Esto extiende el alcance del Rijksmuseum mucho más allá del ámbito de su sitio web. Compartir estas imágenes por Internet crea lo que Lizzy "
-"llama \"el efecto Mona Lisa\", cuando una obra de arte es tan famosa que la gente quiere verla en la vida real visitando de hecho el museo real."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
-msgid "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of its operating budget from the government. But like many museums, it must generate the rest of the funding through other means. The admission fee has long been a way to generate revenue generation, including for the Rijksmuseum."
-msgstr "Cada museo tiende a ser conducido por el número de visitas presenciales. El Rijksmuseum es financiado principalmente con fondos públicos, recibiendo alrededor del 70% de su presupuesto operativo del gobierno. Pero al igual que todos los museos, necesita generar el resto de su financiamiento a través de otros medios. El cobro de entradas ha sido durante mucho tiempo una forma de generar ingresos, incluso para el Rijksmuseum."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
-msgid "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that it will lead to a drop in actual physical visits. For the Rijksmuseum, this has not turned out to be the case. Lizzy told us the Rijksmuseum used to get about one million visitors a year before closing and now gets more than two million a year. Making the collection available online has generated publicity and acts as a form of marketing. The Creative Commons mark encourages reuse as well. When the image is found on protest leaflets, milk cartons, and children’s toys, people also see what museum the image comes from and this increases the museum’s visibility."
-msgstr ""
-"A medida que los museos crean una presencia digital y ponen representaciones digitales de sus colecciones en Internet, aparece frecuentemente una preocupación de que esto llevará a una caída en las visitas presenciales. Para el Rijksmuseum, este no ha sido el caso. Lizzy nos contó que el Rijksmuseum solía recibir alrededor de un millón de visitantes antes de cerrar y ahora recibe más de dos millones al año. Poner la colección a disposición del público en Internet ha generado publicidad y sirve como una forma de mercadeo. El marcado con Creative Commons fomenta también la reutilización. Cuando la imagen es utilizada en volantes de protesta, cartones de leche y juguetes de los niños, la gente también ve de qué Museo proviene la "
-"imagen y esto incrementa la visibilidad del Museo."
+"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
+"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
+"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete "
+"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This "
+"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from "
+"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started "
+"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with "
+"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online."
+msgstr ""
+"En el 2013, el Rijksmuseum cambió su modelo de negocios. Licenciaron sus "
+"imágenes de alta calidad con una licencia Creative Commons, de manera "
+"gratuita. Sin embargo, la digitalización aún cuesta dinero. Decidieron "
+"definir proyectos concretos de digitalización y encontrar patrocinadores "
+"dispuestos a financiar cada proyecto. Esto resultó ser una estrategia "
+"exitosa, generando mucho interés por parte de los patrocinadores y poco "
+"esfuerzo administrativo para el Rijksmuseum. Comenzaron poniendo a "
+"disposición 150,000 imágenes de alta calidad de su colección, con el "
+"objetivo de eventualmente tener toda la colección en Internet."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129
+msgid ""
+"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
+"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
+"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On "
+"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, "
+"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be "
+"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in "
+"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per "
+"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. "
+"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” "
+"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real "
+"life by visiting the actual museum."
+msgstr ""
+"Liberar estas imágenes de alta calidad de manera gratuita redujo el número "
+"de imágenes de baja calidad que proliferaban por Internet. La imagen de alta "
+"calidad de la Lechefra de Vermeer, por ejemplo, se descarga de dos a tres "
+"mil veces en un mes. En Internet, las imágenes de una fuente como el "
+"Rijksmuseum son más confiables, y liberarlas con una licencia Creative "
+"Commons CC0 significa que pueden ser fácilmente halladas en otras "
+"plataformas. Por ejemplo, las imágenes del Rijksmuseum son utilizadas ahora "
+"en miles de artículos de Wikipedia, recibiendo de diez a once millones de "
+"vistas por mes. Esto extiende el alcance del Rijksmuseum mucho más allá del "
+"ámbito de su sitio web. Compartir estas imágenes por Internet crea lo que "
+"Lizzy llama \"el efecto Mona Lisa\", cuando una obra de arte es tan famosa "
+"que la gente quiere verla en la vida real visitando de hecho el museo real."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6136
+msgid ""
+"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
+"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
+"its operating budget from the government. But like many museums, it must "
+"generate the rest of the funding through other means. The admission fee has "
+"long been a way to generate revenue generation, including for the "
+"Rijksmuseum."
+msgstr ""
+"Cada museo tiende a ser conducido por el número de visitas presenciales. El "
+"Rijksmuseum es financiado principalmente con fondos públicos, recibiendo "
+"alrededor del 70% de su presupuesto operativo del gobierno. Pero al igual "
+"que todos los museos, necesita generar el resto de su financiamiento a "
+"través de otros medios. El cobro de entradas ha sido durante mucho tiempo "
+"una forma de generar ingresos, incluso para el Rijksmuseum."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148
+msgid ""
+"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
+"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
+"it will lead to a drop in actual physical visits. For the Rijksmuseum, this "
+"has not turned out to be the case. Lizzy told us the Rijksmuseum used to get "
+"about one million visitors a year before closing and now gets more than two "
+"million a year. Making the collection available online has generated "
+"publicity and acts as a form of marketing. The Creative Commons mark "
+"encourages reuse as well. When the image is found on protest leaflets, milk "
+"cartons, and children’s toys, people also see what museum the image comes "
+"from and this increases the museum’s visibility."
+msgstr ""
+"A medida que los museos crean una presencia digital y ponen representaciones "
+"digitales de sus colecciones en Internet, aparece frecuentemente una "
+"preocupación de que esto llevará a una caída en las visitas presenciales. "
+"Para el Rijksmuseum, este no ha sido el caso. Lizzy nos contó que el "
+"Rijksmuseum solía recibir alrededor de un millón de visitantes antes de "
+"cerrar y ahora recibe más de dos millones al año. Poner la colección a "
+"disposición del público en Internet ha generado publicidad y sirve como una "
+"forma de mercadeo. El marcado con Creative Commons fomenta también la "
+"reutilización. Cuando la imagen es utilizada en volantes de protesta, "
+"cartones de leche y juguetes de los niños, la gente también ve de qué Museo "
+"proviene la imagen y esto incrementa la visibilidad del Museo."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
+msgid ""
+"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
+"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
+"addition to redesigning their main website to be mobile friendly and "
+"responsive to devices like the iPad, the Rijksmuseum also created the "
+"Rijksstudio, where users and artists could use and do various things with "
+"the Rijksmuseum collection.2"
+msgstr ""
+"En el 2011, el Rijksmuseum recibió un millón de euros de la lotería "
+"holandesa para crear una nueva presencia web que sería diferente de la de "
+"cualquier otro museo. Además de rediseñar su sitio principal para ser "
+"amigable a los celulares y responsivo a los dispositivos tales como el iPad, "
+"el Museo también creó el Rijksstudio, donde los usuarios y los artistas "
+"pueden utilizar y hacer varias cosas con la colección del Rijksmuseum.2"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164
+msgid ""
+"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
+"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
+"in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is "
+"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal "
+"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of "
+"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, "
+"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even "
+"commercial purposes."
+msgstr ""
+"El Rijksstudio da acceso a alrededor de doscientas mil representaciones "
+"digitales de alta calidad de obras máster de la colección. Los usuarios "
+"pueden hacer zoom en cualquier obra e incluso guardar pequeñas partes de las "
+"imágenes que les gustan. Rijksstudio es un poco como Pinterest. Se les puede "
+"dar un \"me gusta\" a las obras y compilarlas en los favoritos personales, y "
+"se pueden compartir con amigos o descargarlas de manera gratuita. Todas las "
+"imágenes en el Rijksstudio están libres de derechos de autor y de regalías, "
+"y se fomenta a los usuarios para que las utilicen de la forma en que "
+"quieran, para fines privados o incluso comerciales."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
-msgid "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In addition to redesigning their main website to be mobile friendly and responsive to devices like the iPad, the Rijksmuseum also created the Rijksstudio, where users and artists could use and do various things with the Rijksmuseum collection.2"
-msgstr "En el 2011, el Rijksmuseum recibió un millón de euros de la lotería holandesa para crear una nueva presencia web que sería diferente de la de cualquier otro museo. Además de rediseñar su sitio principal para ser amigable a los celulares y responsivo a los dispositivos tales como el iPad, el Museo también creó el Rijksstudio, donde los usuarios y los artistas pueden utilizar y hacer varias cosas con la colección del Rijksmuseum.2"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6178
-msgid "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even commercial purposes."
-msgstr "El Rijksstudio da acceso a alrededor de doscientas mil representaciones digitales de alta calidad de obras máster de la colección. Los usuarios pueden hacer zoom en cualquier obra e incluso guardar pequeñas partes de las imágenes que les gustan. Rijksstudio es un poco como Pinterest. Se les puede dar un \"me gusta\" a las obras y compilarlas en los favoritos personales, y se pueden compartir con amigos o descargarlas de manera gratuita. Todas las imágenes en el Rijksstudio están libres de derechos de autor y de regalías, y se fomenta a los usuarios para que las utilicen de la forma en que quieran, para fines privados o incluso comerciales."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6183
-msgid "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to ugly babies and birds. Sets of images have also been created for educational purposes including use for school exams."
-msgstr "Los usuarios han creado alrededor de 276,000 Rijksstudios, generando su propias exhibiciones virtuales temáticas en un rango de temas tan variados, desde tapicerías hasta bebés feos y pájaros. Se han creado colecciones de imágenes con propósitos educativos, incluyendo el uso para exámenes escolares."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6190
-msgid "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license"
-msgstr "Algunos artistas contemporáneos que tienen obras en la colección del Rijksmuseum los contactaron preguntándoles por qué sus obras no habían sido incluidas en el Rijksstudio. Su respuesta fue que las obras de los artistas contemporáneos todavía está bajo derecho de autor. El Rijksmuseum de hecho alienta a los artistas contemporáneos a utilizar licencias Creative Commons para sus obras, generalmente una licencia CC BY-SA"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6194
-msgid "(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available to the public, but within limits the artists have specified."
+msgid ""
+"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
+"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
+"ugly babies and birds. Sets of images have also been created for educational "
+"purposes including use for school exams."
msgstr ""
+"Los usuarios han creado alrededor de 276,000 Rijksstudios, generando su "
+"propias exhibiciones virtuales temáticas en un rango de temas tan variados, "
+"desde tapicerías hasta bebés feos y pájaros. Se han creado colecciones de "
+"imágenes con propósitos educativos, incluyendo el uso para exámenes "
+"escolares."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
-msgid "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3"
-msgstr "El Rijksmuseum cree que el arte estimula la actividad empresarial. La línea entre lo creativo y lo comercial puede ser difusa. Como dice Lizzy, incluso Rembrandt era comercial, ganándose la vida a través de la venta de sus pinturas. El Rijksmuseum alienta el uso comercial de las imágenes del Rijksstudio. Incluso se han asociado con el comercio DIY Etsy para inspirar a la gente a vender sus creaciones. Un ejemplo genial que se puede encontrar en Etsy es un kimono diseñado por Angie Johnson, que utilizó una imagen de un armario elaborado junto con una pintura al óleo de Jan Asselijn llamada \"El cisne amenazado\".3"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make Your Own Masterpiece, the competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio images to make new creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and curators selects ten finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of €10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through the Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a specific color scheme of a work of art.5 The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries range from the fun to the weird to the inspirational. "
-"The third international edition of the Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016."
+"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
+"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
+"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by "
+"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
+"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license "
+"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they "
+"want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available "
+"to the public, but within limits the artists have specified."
+msgstr ""
+"Algunos artistas contemporáneos que tienen obras en la colección del "
+"Rijksmuseum los contactaron preguntándoles por qué sus obras no habían sido "
+"incluidas en el Rijksstudio. Su respuesta fue que las obras de los artistas "
+"contemporáneos todavía está bajo derecho de autor. El Rijksmuseum de hecho "
+"alienta a los artistas contemporáneos a utilizar licencias Creative Commons "
+"para sus obras, generalmente una licencia CC BY-SA"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6189
+msgid ""
+"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
+"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
+"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. "
+"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in "
+"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire "
+"people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a "
+"kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet "
+"along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3"
+msgstr ""
+"El Rijksmuseum cree que el arte estimula la actividad empresarial. La línea "
+"entre lo creativo y lo comercial puede ser difusa. Como dice Lizzy, incluso "
+"Rembrandt era comercial, ganándose la vida a través de la venta de sus "
+"pinturas. El Rijksmuseum alienta el uso comercial de las imágenes del "
+"Rijksstudio. Incluso se han asociado con el comercio DIY Etsy para inspirar "
+"a la gente a vender sus creaciones. Un ejemplo genial que se puede encontrar "
+"en Etsy es un kimono diseñado por Angie Johnson, que utilizó una imagen de "
+"un armario elaborado junto con una pintura al óleo de Jan Asselijn llamada "
+"\"El cisne amenazado\".3"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6202
+msgid ""
+"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
+"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
+"Your Own Masterpiece, the competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio "
+"images to make new creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and "
+"curators selects ten finalists and three winners. The final award comes with "
+"a prize of €10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 "
+"top-class entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through "
+"the Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a "
+"specific color scheme of a work of art.5 The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled "
+"with the results. Entries range from the fun to the weird to the "
+"inspirational. The third international edition of the Rijksstudio Award "
+"started in September 2016."
+msgstr ""
+"En 2013, el Rijksmuseum organizó su primera competencia de diseño de alto "
+"perfil, conocida como el Premio Rijksstudio.4 Con el llamado a la acción de "
+"\"Haz tu propia obra maestra\", la competencia invita al público a utilizar "
+"las imágenes del Rijksstudio para hacer nuevos diseños creativos. Un jurado "
+"de reconocidos diseñadores y curadores selecciona diez finalistas y tres "
+"ganadores. El premio final es de 10,000 euros. La segunda edición en 2015 "
+"atrajo un impactante número de 892 entradas de primer nivel. Algunos de los "
+"ganadores del premio terminaron con su obra siendo vendida a través de la "
+"tienda del Rijksmuseum, tal como la entrada de 2014 protagonizando un "
+"maquillaje basado en el esquema de colores específico de una obra de arte.5 "
+"El Rijksmuseum está emocionado con los resultados. Los candidatos van desde "
+"lo divertido a lo extraño a lo inspiracional. La tercera edición "
+"internacional del Premio Rijksstudio comenzó en septiembre de 2016."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206
+msgid ""
+"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
+"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
+"social elements so users can interact with each other more."
msgstr ""
-"En 2013, el Rijksmuseum organizó su primera competencia de diseño de alto perfil, conocida como el Premio Rijksstudio.4 Con el llamado a la acción de \"Haz tu propia obra maestra\", la competencia invita al público a utilizar las imágenes del Rijksstudio para hacer nuevos diseños creativos. Un jurado de reconocidos diseñadores y curadores selecciona diez finalistas y tres ganadores. El premio final es de 10,000 euros. La segunda edición en 2015 atrajo un impactante número de 892 entradas de primer nivel. Algunos de los ganadores del premio terminaron con su obra siendo vendida a través de la tienda del Rijksmuseum, tal como la entrada de 2014 protagonizando un maquillaje basado en el esquema de colores específico de una obra de "
-"arte.5 El Rijksmuseum está emocionado con los resultados. Los candidatos van desde lo divertido a lo extraño a lo inspiracional. La tercera edición internacional del Premio Rijksstudio comenzó en septiembre de 2016."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6221
-msgid "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced social elements so users can interact with each other more."
-msgstr "Para la próxima iteración del Rijksstudio, el Rijksmuseum está considerando una herramienta para subir contenido, de manera tal que la gente pueda subir sus propias obras de arte, y elementos sociales habilitados para que los usuarios puedan interactuar más entre sí."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6228
-msgid "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection (that is, give free access) with high-quality images. This strategy, along with the many improvements to the Rijksmuseum’s website, dramatically increased visits to their website from thirty-five thousand visits per month to three hundred thousand."
-msgstr "Utilizar un modelo de negocios más abierto le generó un montón de publicidad al Rijksmuseum. Fueron uno de los primeros museos en abrir su colección (esto es, dar libre acceso) con imágenes de alta calidad. Esta estrategia, junto con muchas mejoras hechas al sitio web del Rijksmuseum, incrementó dramáticamente las visitas a su sitio web, de 35 mil visitas por mes a 300 mil visitas."
+"Para la próxima iteración del Rijksstudio, el Rijksmuseum está considerando "
+"una herramienta para subir contenido, de manera tal que la gente pueda subir "
+"sus propias obras de arte, y elementos sociales habilitados para que los "
+"usuarios puedan interactuar más entre sí."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239
-msgid "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day celebrating animals, they ran a successful bird-themed event. The museum put together a showing of two thousand works that featured birds and invited bird-watchers to identify the birds depicted. Lizzy notes that while museum curators know a lot about the works in their collections, they may not know about certain details in the paintings such as bird species. Over eight hundred different birds were identified, including a specific species of crane bird that was unknown to the scientific community at the time of the painting."
-msgstr ""
-"El Rijksmuseum ha estado experimentando con otras formas de invitar al público a mirar e interactuar con su colección. En el día internacional del animal, condujeron un exitoso evento basado en los pájaros. El museo juntó una colección de dos mil obras que representaban pájaros e invitó a los aficionados a los pájaros a identificar los pájaros representados. Lizzy destaca que mientras que los curadores de los museos saben un montón sobre las obras en sus colecciones, pueden no saber ciertos detalles en las pinturas, tales como las especies de los pájaros. Alrededor de ochocientos pájaros diferentes fueron identificados, incluyendo una especie específica de grullas que era desconocida para la comunidad científica al momento de la "
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6213
+msgid ""
+"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
+"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
+"(that is, give free access) with high-quality images. This strategy, along "
+"with the many improvements to the Rijksmuseum’s website, dramatically "
+"increased visits to their website from thirty-five thousand visits per month "
+"to three hundred thousand."
+msgstr ""
+"Utilizar un modelo de negocios más abierto le generó un montón de publicidad "
+"al Rijksmuseum. Fueron uno de los primeros museos en abrir su colección "
+"(esto es, dar libre acceso) con imágenes de alta calidad. Esta estrategia, "
+"junto con muchas mejoras hechas al sitio web del Rijksmuseum, incrementó "
+"dramáticamente las visitas a su sitio web, de 35 mil visitas por mes a 300 "
+"mil visitas."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224
+msgid ""
+"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
+"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
+"celebrating animals, they ran a successful bird-themed event. The museum put "
+"together a showing of two thousand works that featured birds and invited "
+"bird-watchers to identify the birds depicted. Lizzy notes that while museum "
+"curators know a lot about the works in their collections, they may not know "
+"about certain details in the paintings such as bird species. Over eight "
+"hundred different birds were identified, including a specific species of "
+"crane bird that was unknown to the scientific community at the time of the "
+"painting."
+msgstr ""
+"El Rijksmuseum ha estado experimentando con otras formas de invitar al "
+"público a mirar e interactuar con su colección. En el día internacional del "
+"animal, condujeron un exitoso evento basado en los pájaros. El museo juntó "
+"una colección de dos mil obras que representaban pájaros e invitó a los "
+"aficionados a los pájaros a identificar los pájaros representados. Lizzy "
+"destaca que mientras que los curadores de los museos saben un montón sobre "
+"las obras en sus colecciones, pueden no saber ciertos detalles en las "
+"pinturas, tales como las especies de los pájaros. Alrededor de ochocientos "
+"pájaros diferentes fueron identificados, incluyendo una especie específica "
+"de grullas que era desconocida para la comunidad científica al momento de la "
"pintura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
-"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight "
-"of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people happy to join you and help out.”"
-msgstr ""
-"Para el Rijksmuseum, adoptar un modelo de negocios abierto les daba miedo. Elaboraron varios escenarios del \"peor caso\", imaginando todo tipo de cosas horribles que la gente quizás haría sobre las obras del museo. Pero Lizzy dice que esos miedos no se volvieron realidad porque \"el 99% de la gente tiene respeto por el gran arte\". Muchos museos piensan que pueden hacer un montón de dinero vendiendo cosas relacionadas a su colección. Pero en la experiencia de Lizzy, los museos por lo general son malos vendiendo cosas, y a menudo los esfuerzos para generar un pequeño monto de dinero bloquea algo mucho mayor -el valor real que tiene la colección. Para Lizzy, mantenerse cerca de las pequeñas ganancias es ahorrar centavos para "
-"derrochar dinerales. Para el Rijksmuseum, una lección fundamental ha sido no perder de vista su visión para la colección. Permitir el acceso y el uso de su colección les ha generado un enorme valor de promoción, mucho más que la práctica previa de cobrar tarifas para el acceso y la utilización. Lizzy resume su experiencia: \"Hay que regalar y obtener algo a cambio. La generosidad hace que la gente esté feliz de acompañarte y ayudarte.\""
+"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
+"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
+"might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not come "
+"true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great art.” "
+"Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things related to "
+"their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at "
+"selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money "
+"block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For "
+"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-"
+"foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of "
+"its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
+"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous "
+"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their "
+"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people "
+"happy to join you and help out.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Para el Rijksmuseum, adoptar un modelo de negocios abierto les daba miedo. "
+"Elaboraron varios escenarios del \"peor caso\", imaginando todo tipo de "
+"cosas horribles que la gente quizás haría sobre las obras del museo. Pero "
+"Lizzy dice que esos miedos no se volvieron realidad porque \"el 99% de la "
+"gente tiene respeto por el gran arte\". Muchos museos piensan que pueden "
+"hacer un montón de dinero vendiendo cosas relacionadas a su colección. Pero "
+"en la experiencia de Lizzy, los museos por lo general son malos vendiendo "
+"cosas, y a menudo los esfuerzos para generar un pequeño monto de dinero "
+"bloquea algo mucho mayor -el valor real que tiene la colección. Para Lizzy, "
+"mantenerse cerca de las pequeñas ganancias es ahorrar centavos para "
+"derrochar dinerales. Para el Rijksmuseum, una lección fundamental ha sido no "
+"perder de vista su visión para la colección. Permitir el acceso y el uso de "
+"su colección les ha generado un enorme valor de promoción, mucho más que la "
+"práctica previa de cobrar tarifas para el acceso y la utilización. Lizzy "
+"resume su experiencia: \"Hay que regalar y obtener algo a cambio. La "
+"generosidad hace que la gente esté feliz de acompañarte y ayudarte.\""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015"
-msgstr "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; el premio de 2014: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; el premio de 2015: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+msgid ""
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
+"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
+"award-2015"
+msgstr ""
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; el premio de 2014: www.rijksmuseum."
+"nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; el premio de 2015: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/"
+"rijksstudio-award-2015"
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+msgid ""
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
+"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6268
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-88\"></span>Shareable"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
+msgid "Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
-msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+msgid ""
+"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
-msgid "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
+"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6263
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6265
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291
-msgid "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on principle."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6301
-msgid "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in the PandoDaily that charted Shareable’s new critical stance on the Silicon Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting (where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
+msgid ""
+"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
+"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
+"watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber "
+"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” "
+"we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital "
+"money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to "
+"advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on "
+"principle."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6308
-msgid "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286
+msgid ""
+"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
+"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
+"the PandoDaily that charted Shareable’s new critical stance on the Silicon "
+"Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of "
+"the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting "
+"(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and "
+"more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, "
+"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6317
-msgid "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to grow their audience."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
+msgid ""
+"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
+"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
+"around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of "
+"audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a "
+"small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather "
+"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6327
-msgid "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global warming."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
+msgid ""
+"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
+"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
+"because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But "
+"choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the "
+"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. "
+"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online "
+"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to "
+"grow their audience."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
-msgid "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make changes in their own lives and communities."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
+msgid ""
+"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
+"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
+"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing "
+"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” "
+"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The "
+"small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be "
+"central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource "
+"inequality, social isolation, and global warming."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6321
msgid ""
-"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with Creative "
-"Commons."
+"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
+"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
+"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on "
+"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons "
+"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, "
+"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. "
+"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make "
+"changes in their own lives and communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6333
msgid ""
-"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, “we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”"
+"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
+"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
+"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal "
+"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often "
+"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content "
+"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which "
+"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing "
+"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present "
+"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s "
+"stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with "
+"Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6368
-msgid "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional publisher to release Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in an Age of Crisis. The CC-licensed book was available in print form for purchase or online for free. To this day, the book—along with their CC-licensed guide Policies for Shareable Cities—are two of the biggest generators of traffic on their website."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6345
+msgid ""
+"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
+"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
+"given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s "
+"vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s "
+"embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC "
+"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, "
+"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal "
+"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. "
+"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of "
+"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373
-msgid "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but a PDF version of the book was available for free. Shareable plans to offer the book in upcoming fund-raising campaigns."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353
+msgid ""
+"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
+"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
+"publisher to release Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in an "
+"Age of Crisis. The CC-licensed book was available in print form for purchase "
+"or online for free. To this day, the book—along with their CC-licensed guide "
+"Policies for Shareable Cities—are two of the biggest generators of traffic "
+"on their website."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
-msgid "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by grants from foundations, but they are actively moving toward a more diversified model. They have organizational sponsors and are working to expand their base of individual donors. Ideally, they will eventually be a hundred percent funded by their audience. Neal believes being fully community-supported will better represent their vision of the world."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6358
+msgid ""
+"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
+"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
+"a PDF version of the book was available for free. Shareable plans to offer "
+"the book in upcoming fund-raising campaigns."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391
-msgid "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
+msgid ""
+"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
+"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
+"grants from foundations, but they are actively moving toward a more "
+"diversified model. They have organizational sponsors and are working to "
+"expand their base of individual donors. Ideally, they will eventually be a "
+"hundred percent funded by their audience. Neal believes being fully "
+"community-supported will better represent their vision of the world."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
-msgid "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
+msgid ""
+"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
+"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
+"attract passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work "
+"so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that "
+"another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you "
+"do something you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be "
+"on a great adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who "
+"look over the horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek "
+"the comfort of hearth and home.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
-msgid "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the relationships they have forged with their readers and supporters. They have also invested resources into building relationships between their readers and supporters."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6385
+msgid ""
+"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
+"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
+"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. "
+"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
+"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching "
+"their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, "
+"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391
msgid ""
-"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
-"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their network to implement."
+"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
+"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
+"relationships they have forged with their readers and supporters. They have "
+"also invested resources into building relationships between their readers "
+"and supporters."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
-msgid "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
+msgid ""
+"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
+"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
+"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If "
+"we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing "
+"needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” "
+"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe "
+"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more "
+"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over "
+"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. "
+"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
+"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable "
+"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their "
+"network to implement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
+msgid ""
+"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
+"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
+"fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the "
+"ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-89\"></span>Siyavula"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
+msgid "Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6431
-msgid "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South Africa."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
+msgid ""
+"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
+"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
+"Africa."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6424
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
-msgid "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as this forms the basis for long-term growth and development. Siyavula has been a pioneer in creating high-quality open textbooks on mathematics and science subjects for grades 4 to 12 in South Africa."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432
+msgid ""
+"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
+"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
+"this forms the basis for long-term growth and development. Siyavula has "
+"been a pioneer in creating high-quality open textbooks on mathematics and "
+"science subjects for grades 4 to 12 in South Africa."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
-msgid "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few times. Siyavula has significantly shifted directions and strategies to survive and prosper. Mark says it’s been very organic."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
+msgid ""
+"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
+"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
+"times. Siyavula has significantly shifted directions and strategies to "
+"survive and prosper. Mark says it’s been very organic."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
-msgid "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science Texts project. Most students in South Africa high schools didn’t have access to high-quality, comprehensive science and math textbooks, so Mark and his colleagues set out to write them and make them freely available."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6444
+msgid ""
+"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
+"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
+"Texts project. Most students in South Africa high schools didn’t have access "
+"to high-quality, comprehensive science and math textbooks, so Mark and his "
+"colleagues set out to write them and make them freely available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
-msgid "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software Foundation’s GNU Free Documentation License.1 They chose LaTeX, a typesetting program used to publish scientific documents, to author the books. Over a period of five years, the Free High School Science Texts project produced math and physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
+msgid ""
+"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
+"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
+"Foundation’s GNU Free Documentation License.1 They chose LaTeX, a "
+"typesetting program used to publish scientific documents, to author the "
+"books. Over a period of five years, the Free High School Science Texts "
+"project produced math and physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6473
-msgid "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial criticisms of the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+msgid ""
+"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
+"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
+"the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial criticisms of "
+"the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and "
+"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this accomplishment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6475
-msgid "accomplishment."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6464
+msgid ""
+"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
+"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
+"the printing and distribution options. A few sponsors came on board but not "
+"enough to meet the need."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6480
-msgid "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into the printing and distribution options. A few sponsors came on board but not enough to meet the need."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472
+msgid ""
+"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
+"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
+"result was the Cape Town Open Education Declaration, a statement of "
+"principles, strategies, and commitment to help the open-education movement "
+"grow.2 Shuttleworth also invited Mark to run a project writing open content "
+"for all subjects for K–12 in English. That project became Siyavula."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6488
-msgid "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One result was the Cape Town Open Education Declaration, a statement of principles, strategies, and commitment to help the open-education movement grow.2 Shuttleworth also invited Mark to run a project writing open content for all subjects for K–12 in English. That project became Siyavula."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6479
+msgid ""
+"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
+"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
+"every subject in South African schools in both English and Afrikaans. A deal "
+"was struck, and all the acquired content was licensed with Creative Commons, "
+"significantly expanding the collection beyond the six original books."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
-msgid "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for every subject in South African schools in both English and Afrikaans. A deal was struck, and all the acquired content was licensed with Creative Commons, significantly expanding the collection beyond the six original books."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6492
+msgid ""
+"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
+"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
+"Although sharing is fundamental to teaching, there can be a few challenges "
+"when you create educational resources collectively. One concern is legal. It "
+"is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but "
+"of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
+"transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and "
+"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-"
+"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on "
+"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to "
+"share and free from legal repercussions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6500
msgid ""
-"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although sharing is fundamental to teaching, there can be a few challenges when you create educational resources collectively. One concern is legal. It is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were "
-"safe to share and free from legal repercussions."
+"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
+"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
+"with an open editable format and provide tools for editing. They ended up "
+"putting all the books they’d acquired and authored on a platform called "
+"Connexions.3 Siyavula trained many teachers to use Connexions, but it proved "
+"to be too complex and the textbooks were rarely edited."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6516
-msgid "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up with an open editable format and provide tools for editing. They ended up putting all the books they’d acquired and authored on a platform called Connexions.3 Siyavula trained many teachers to use Connexions, but it proved to be too complex and the textbooks were rarely edited."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506
+msgid ""
+"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
+"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
+"Siyavula). As part of that transition in 2009–10, Mark inherited Siyavula as "
+"an independent entity and took ownership over it as a Shuttleworth fellow."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6522
-msgid "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to Siyavula). As part of that transition in 2009–10, Mark inherited Siyavula as an independent entity and took ownership over it as a Shuttleworth fellow."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513
+msgid ""
+"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
+"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
+"teachers could share assessment items. They tried creating a service called "
+"Open Press, where teachers could ask for open educational resources to be "
+"aggregated into a package and printed for them. These services never really "
+"panned out."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
-msgid "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that teachers could share assessment items. They tried creating a service called Open Press, where teachers could ask for open educational resources to be aggregated into a package and printed for them. These services never really panned out."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6520
+msgid ""
+"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
+"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
+"physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12) for all high school students "
+"in South Africa. Although at this point Siyavula was a bit discouraged by "
+"open educational resources, they saw this as a big opportunity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536
-msgid "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12) for all high school students in South Africa. Although at this point Siyavula was a bit discouraged by open educational resources, they saw this as a big opportunity."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6528
+msgid ""
+"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
+"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
+"Africa would give their brand huge exposure and could drive vast amounts of "
+"traffic to their website. In addition to print books, Siyavula could also "
+"make the books available on their website, making it possible for learners "
+"to access them using any device—computer, tablet, or mobile phone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539
+msgid ""
+"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
+"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
+"in a printed textbook is demonstrate solutions. Typically, a one-line answer "
+"is given at the end of the book but nothing on the process for arriving at "
+"that solution. Mark and his team developed practice items and detailed "
+"solutions, giving learners plenty of opportunity to test out what they’ve "
+"learned. Furthermore, an algorithm could adapt these practice items to the "
+"individual needs of each learner. They called this service Intelligent "
+"Practice and embedded links to it in the open textbooks."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6544
-msgid "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South Africa would give their brand huge exposure and could drive vast amounts of traffic to their website. In addition to print books, Siyavula could also make the books available on their website, making it possible for learners to access them using any device—computer, tablet, or mobile phone."
+msgid ""
+"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
+"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
+"for large volumes and wide-scale use rather than an expensive product "
+"targeting only the high end of the market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
-msgid "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well in a printed textbook is demonstrate solutions. Typically, a one-line answer is given at the end of the book but nothing on the process for arriving at that solution. Mark and his team developed practice items and detailed solutions, giving learners plenty of opportunity to test out what they’ve learned. Furthermore, an algorithm could adapt these practice items to the individual needs of each learner. They called this service Intelligent Practice and embedded links to it in the open textbooks."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6552
+msgid ""
+"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
+"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
+"schools who could afford it provided students with a different textbook. The "
+"Siyavula books were eventually distributed, but with well-off schools mainly "
+"using a different book, the primary market for Siyavula’s Intelligent "
+"Practice service inadvertently became low-income learners."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
-msgid "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going for large volumes and wide-scale use rather than an expensive product targeting only the high end of the market."
+msgid ""
+"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
+"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
+"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature "
+"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading "
+"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it "
+"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6568
-msgid "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, schools who could afford it provided students with a different textbook. The Siyavula books were eventually distributed, but with well-off schools mainly using a different book, the primary market for Siyavula’s Intelligent Practice service inadvertently became low-income learners."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567
+msgid ""
+"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
+"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
+"demographic, as credit cards were not prevalent. Mark says Siyavula got a "
+"harsh business-model lesson early on. As he describes it, it’s not just "
+"about product, but how you sell it, who the market is, what the price is, "
+"and what the barriers to entry are."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6576
-msgid "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572
+msgid ""
+"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
+"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
+"where you can offer a related service and convert some people into a paid "
+"customer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6583
-msgid "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income demographic, as credit cards were not prevalent. Mark says Siyavula got a harsh business-model lesson early on. As he describes it, it’s not just about product, but how you sell it, who the market is, what the price is, and what the barriers to entry are."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
+msgid ""
+"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
+"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
+"adding unique value. The actual content of the textbook isn’t unique at all, "
+"so Siyavula sees no value in locking it down and charging for it. Mark "
+"contrasts this with traditional publishers who charge over and over again "
+"for the same content without adding value."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
-msgid "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, where you can offer a related service and convert some people into a paid customer."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6589
+msgid ""
+"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
+"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
+"directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A "
+"single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including "
+"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
+"subscription rates are provided when there are over two hundred students, "
+"and big schools have a price cap. A 40 percent discount is offered to "
+"schools where both the science and math departments subscribe."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595
-msgid "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are adding unique value. The actual content of the textbook isn’t unique at all, so Siyavula sees no value in locking it down and charging for it. Mark contrasts this with traditional publishers who charge over and over again for the same content without adding value."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6597
+msgid ""
+"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
+"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
+"questions that learners are working on, identify areas of difficulty, and be "
+"more strategic in their teaching. Students also have their own personalized "
+"dashboard, where they can view the sections they’ve practiced, how many "
+"points they’ve earned, and how their performance is improving."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605
-msgid "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower subscription rates are provided when there are over two hundred students, and big schools have a price cap. A 40 percent discount is offered to schools where both the science and math departments subscribe."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6603
+msgid ""
+"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
+"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
+"the Intelligent Practice service for a wider range of books. Grades 10 to "
+"12 math and science books were reworked each year, and new books created for "
+"grades 4 to 6 and later grades 7 to 9."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6613
-msgid "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the questions that learners are working on, identify areas of difficulty, and be more strategic in their teaching. Students also have their own personalized dashboard, where they can view the sections they’ve practiced, how many points they’ve earned, and how their performance is improving."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6609
+msgid ""
+"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
+"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
+"to 6 called Thunderbolt Kids that uses a fun comic-book style.4 It’s a "
+"complete curriculum that also comes with teacher’s guides and other "
+"resources."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
-msgid "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide the Intelligent Practice service for a wider range of books. Grades 10 to 12 math and science books were reworked each year, and new books created for grades 4 to 6 and later grades 7 to 9."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617
+msgid ""
+"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
+"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
+"nailed the production model. It cost roughly \\$150,000 to produce a book in "
+"two languages. Sponsors liked the social-benefit aspect of textbooks "
+"unlocked via a Creative Commons license. They also liked the exposure their "
+"brand got. For roughly \\$150,000, their logo would be visible on books "
+"distributed to over one million students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6625
-msgid "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 to 6 called Thunderbolt Kids that uses a fun comic-book style.4 It’s a complete curriculum that also comes with teacher’s guides and other resources."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
+msgid ""
+"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
+"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
+"Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) —NoDerivs means that these books "
+"cannot be modified. Non-government-branded books are available under an "
+"Attribution license (CC BY), allowing others to modify and redistribute the "
+"books."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6633
-msgid "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time nailed the production model. It cost roughly \\$150,000 to produce a book in two languages. Sponsors liked the social-benefit aspect of textbooks unlocked via a Creative Commons license. They also liked the exposure their brand got. For roughly \\$150,000, their logo would be visible on books distributed to over one million students."
+msgid ""
+"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
+"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
+"the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to "
+"provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark "
+"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-"
+"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for "
+"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the "
+"government said no."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6640
-msgid "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) —NoDerivs means that these books cannot be modified. Non-government-branded books are available under an Attribution license (CC BY), allowing others to modify and redistribute the books."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
+msgid ""
+"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
+"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
+"costs around 250 rand per book (about US\\$18). Providing the Siyavula "
+"version cost around 36 rand (about \\$2.60), a savings of over 200 rand per "
+"book. But none of those savings were passed on to Siyavula. In retrospect, "
+"Mark thinks this may have turned out in their favor as it allowed them to "
+"remain independent from the government."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6649
-msgid "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the government said no."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+msgid ""
+"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
+"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
+"costs, the government declared there would be only one authorized textbook "
+"for each grade and each subject. There was no guarantee that Siyavula’s "
+"would be chosen. This scared away potential sponsors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
-msgid "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook costs around 250 rand per book (about US\\$18). Providing the Siyavula version cost around 36 rand (about \\$2.60), a savings of over 200 rand per book. But none of those savings were passed on to Siyavula. In retrospect, Mark thinks this may have turned out in their favor as it allowed them to remain independent from the government."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
-msgid "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save costs, the government declared there would be only one authorized textbook for each grade and each subject. There was no guarantee that Siyavula’s would be chosen. This scared away potential sponsors."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
-msgid "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this version three of Siyavula’s business model—focusing on the technology that provides the revenue-generating service and generating more users of this service. Version three got a significant boost in 2014 with an investment by the Omidyar Network (the philanthropic venture started by eBay founder Pierre Omidyar and his spouse), and continues to be the model Siyavula uses today."
+msgid ""
+"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
+"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
+"version three of Siyavula’s business model—focusing on the technology that "
+"provides the revenue-generating service and generating more users of this "
+"service. Version three got a significant boost in 2014 with an investment by "
+"the Omidyar Network (the philanthropic venture started by eBay founder "
+"Pierre Omidyar and his spouse), and continues to be the model Siyavula uses "
+"today."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6678
-msgid "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662
+msgid ""
+"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
+"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
+"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned "
+"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
-msgid "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the phone, diversifying their market to all English-speaking countries in Africa, and setting up a consortium that makes Intelligent Practice free to all kids by selling the nonpersonal data Intelligent Practice collects."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6669
+msgid ""
+"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
+"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
+"the phone, diversifying their market to all English-speaking countries in "
+"Africa, and setting up a consortium that makes Intelligent Practice free to "
+"all kids by selling the nonpersonal data Intelligent Practice collects."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid ""
-"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the block a few "
-"times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
+"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
+"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
+"Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open "
+"license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to "
+"do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the "
+"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. "
+"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means "
+"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
+"revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In "
+"terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the "
+"block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6707
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-90\"></span>Sparkfun"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-90\"></span>Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+msgid "Sparkfun"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
#, fuzzy
-msgid "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
+msgid ""
+"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
+"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
"SparkFun es una tienda en línea de ventas al por menor que se especializa en "
"hardware abierto. Fundada en 2003 en Estados Unidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6696
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr "www.sparkfun.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ingresos: cobrar por copias físicas (ventas de componentes "
"electrónicos)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: 29 de febrero de 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Nathan Seidle, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
#, fuzzy
-msgid "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, with a huge grin on his face. He was traveling in China when he came across their LilyPad wearable technology being made by someone else. His reaction was glee."
+msgid ""
+"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
+"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
+"with a huge grin on his face. He was traveling in China when he came across "
+"their LilyPad wearable technology being made by someone else. His reaction "
+"was glee."
msgstr ""
"El fundador y antiguo CEO de SparkFun, Nathan Seidle, tiene una foto de él "
"mismo levantando un clon de un producto de SparkFun en un mercado de "
"hecha por alguien más. Su reacción fue de júbilo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
-msgid "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the world.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6715
+msgid ""
+"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
+"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
+"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
+"world.”"
msgstr ""
"«Ser copiado es el mayor destino de adulación y éxito,» dijo Nathan. «Yo "
"pensé que era tan genial que ellos estuvieran vendiendo en un mercado al que "
"en el mundo.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6739
-msgid "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the public online, and it bundles them with educational tools to sell to schools and teachers. SparkFun applies Creative Commons licenses to all of its schematics, images, tutorial content, and curricula, so anyone can make their products on their own. Being copied is part of the design."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6723
+msgid ""
+"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
+"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
+"public online, and it bundles them with educational tools to sell to schools "
+"and teachers. SparkFun applies Creative Commons licenses to all of its "
+"schematics, images, tutorial content, and curricula, so anyone can make "
+"their products on their own. Being copied is part of the design."
msgstr ""
"Esta cosmovisión corre a través de todo lo que hace SparkFun. SparkFun es un "
"productor de componentes electrónicos. La compañía vende sus productos de "
"por su cuenta. Ser copiados es parte del diseño."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6747
-msgid "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
+msgid ""
+"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
+"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
+"makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their "
+"products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of "
+"release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product "
+"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property."
msgstr ""
"Nathan cree que el licenciamiento libre es bueno para el mundo. «Esto toca "
"nuestro instinto humano de compartir,» dijo. Pero él también cree firmemente "
"como propiedad intelectual."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
-msgid "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6735
+msgid ""
+"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
+"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
+"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
msgstr ""
"«Competimos con principios de negocio,» dijo Nathan. «Reclamar el territorio "
"con propiedad intelectual permite ponerse cómodos y dormirse en los "
"laureles. Da una red de seguridad. Nosotros quitamos esa red de seguridad.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6743
#, fuzzy
-msgid "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s better for the customers.”"
+msgid ""
+"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
+"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
+"ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a "
+"video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three "
+"different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better "
+"because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s "
+"better for the customers.”"
msgstr ""
"El resultado es un intenso enfoque en toda la compañía hacia el desarrollo y "
"mejoramiento de productos. «Nuestros productos son mucho mejores de lo que "
"nosotros, es mejor para los clientes.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
-msgid "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be competing on.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+msgid ""
+"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
+"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
+"code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts "
+"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. "
+"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual "
+"property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be "
+"competing on.”"
msgstr ""
"Las partes de SparkFun están disponibles en eBay a precios más bajos. Pero "
"la gente viene directamente a SparkFun porque SparkFun hace sus vidas más "
"Nathan. «Esto es con lo que deberían competir.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
-msgid "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of college, he registered sparkfun.com and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making and selling his own products."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
+msgid ""
+"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
+"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
+"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for "
+"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and "
+"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of "
+"college, he registered sparkfun.com and started reselling products out of "
+"his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making and selling his own "
+"products."
msgstr ""
"La historia de la compañía de SparkFun comenzó en el dormitorio de la "
"universidad de Nathan. Él pasó mucho tiempo experimentando y construyendo "
"graduarse, empezó a hacer y vender sus propios productos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783
-msgid "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and firmware for the products they create."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
+msgid ""
+"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
+"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
+"research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he "
+"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in "
+"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and "
+"firmware for the products they create."
msgstr ""
"Una vez que empezó a diseñar sus propios productos, comenzó a poner el "
"software y los diagramas en línea para ayudar con el soporte técnico. "
"para los productos que crean."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6790
-msgid "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling components and widgets to hobbyists, professionals, and artists remains a major part of SparkFun’s business. They sell their own products, but they also partner with Arduino (also profiled in this book) by manufacturing boards for resale using Arduino’s brand."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774
+msgid ""
+"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
+"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
+"components and widgets to hobbyists, professionals, and artists remains a "
+"major part of SparkFun’s business. They sell their own products, but they "
+"also partner with Arduino (also profiled in this book) by manufacturing "
+"boards for resale using Arduino’s brand."
msgstr ""
"La compañía ha crecido de un proyecto en solitario a una corporación con 140 "
"empleados. En 2015, Sparkfun ganó \\$33 millones en ingresos. Vender "
"para producir placas para revender usando la marca de Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6797
-msgid "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6781
+msgid ""
+"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
+"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
+"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create "
+"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing "
+"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business."
msgstr ""
"SparkFun también tiene un departamento educativo dedicado a crear un "
"currículum práctico para enseñar a estudiantes acerca de electrónicos usando "
"tecnología es una extensión natural de su negocio central."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
#, fuzzy
-msgid "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”"
+msgid ""
+"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
+"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
+"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”"
msgstr ""
"«Tenemos la carga y la oportunidad de educar a la siguiente generación de "
"ciudadanos técnicos,» dijo Nathan. «Nuestro objetivo es afectar las vidas de "
"trescientos y cincuenta mil estudiantes de colegio para el 2020.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6810
-msgid "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing terms."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
+msgid ""
+"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
+"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
+"share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with "
+"their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun "
+"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” "
+"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they "
+"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing "
+"terms."
msgstr ""
"La licencia Creative Commons detrás de todos los productos de SparkFun es "
"central para su misión. La licencia no solo señala una voluntad de "
"disponible bajo los mismo términos de licenciamiento."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
-msgid "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears to be a pretty fun workplace. The U.S. company is based in Boulder, Colorado. They have an eighty-thousand-square-foot facility (approximately seventy-four-hundred square meters), where they design and manufacture their products. They offer public tours of the space several times a week, and they open their doors to the public for a competition once a year."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6803
+msgid ""
+"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
+"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
+"to be a pretty fun workplace. The U.S. company is based in Boulder, "
+"Colorado. They have an eighty-thousand-square-foot facility (approximately "
+"seventy-four-hundred square meters), where they design and manufacture their "
+"products. They offer public tours of the space several times a week, and "
+"they open their doors to the public for a competition once a year."
msgstr ""
"Desde el inicio, Nathan ha tratado de crear un ambiente de trabajo en "
"SparkFun donde él mismo querría trabajar. El resultado es lo que parece ser "
"competencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6830
-msgid "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more meaningful."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6814
+msgid ""
+"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
+"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
+"around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, "
+"participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business "
+"perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event "
+"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and "
+"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees "
+"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-"
+"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a "
+"human element, which makes it more meaningful."
msgstr ""
"El evento público, llamado «Autonomous Vehicle Competition» (Competencia de "
"Vehículos Autónomos), atrae de mil a dos mil clientes y otras personas "
"lo hace más significativo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6838
-msgid "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused on the bottom line."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6822
+msgid ""
+"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
+"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
+"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the "
+"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on "
+"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the "
+"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused "
+"on the bottom line."
msgstr ""
"Nathan ha trabajado duro para inculcar un significado más profundo al "
"trabajo que hace SparkFun. La compañía está, por supuesto, enfocada en ser "
"porque no se enfocan de forma singular en el resultado final."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
-msgid "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another soulless corporation. They actively try to reveal the humans behind the company, and they work to ensure people coming to their site don’t find only unchanging content."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
+msgid ""
+"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
+"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
+"soulless corporation. They actively try to reveal the humans behind the "
+"company, and they work to ensure people coming to their site don’t find only "
+"unchanging content."
msgstr ""
"La compañía está comprometida con la transparencia y comparte todos sus "
"estados financieros con sus empleados. Por lo general, también se esfuerzan "
"que vienen a su sitio no solo encuentren contenido sin cambios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6854
-msgid "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6838
+msgid ""
+"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
+"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
+"customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and "
+"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. "
+"SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to "
+"build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to "
+"the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we "
+"would design something to address it.”"
msgstr ""
"La clientela de SparkFun está en gran parte compuesta por personas "
"entusiastas industriosas de los electrónicos. Ellos tienen clientes que "
"identifican puntos débiles, y nosotros diseñamos algo para solucionarlos.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
-msgid "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6846
+msgid ""
+"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
+"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
+"public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a "
+"particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people "
+"contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are "
+"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-"
+"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
msgstr ""
"Sin embargo, este tipo de involucramiento con los clientes no siempre se "
"traduce en personas contribuyendo de forma activa en los proyectos de "
"dijo Nathan. «Eso no es realmente cierto.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
-msgid "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6854
+msgid ""
+"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
+"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
+"own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help "
+"people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things "
+"independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts "
+"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said."
msgstr ""
"En lugar de enfocarse en la cocreación con sus clientes, Sparkfun se enfoca "
"en permitir que las personas copien, jugueteen y mejoren productos por su "
"diseños,» dijo Nathan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
-msgid "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes them more money because it requires them to focus on how to provide maximum value. Rather than designing a new product and protecting it in order to extract as much money as possible from it, they release the keys necessary for others to build it themselves and then spend company time and resources on innovation and service. From a short-term perspective, SparkFun may lose a few dollars when others copy their products. But in the long run, it makes them a more nimble, innovative business. In other words, it makes them the kind of company they set out to be."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
+msgid ""
+"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
+"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
+"them more money because it requires them to focus on how to provide maximum "
+"value. Rather than designing a new product and protecting it in order to "
+"extract as much money as possible from it, they release the keys necessary "
+"for others to build it themselves and then spend company time and resources "
+"on innovation and service. From a short-term perspective, SparkFun may lose "
+"a few dollars when others copy their products. But in the long run, it makes "
+"them a more nimble, innovative business. In other words, it makes them the "
+"kind of company they set out to be."
msgstr ""
"Obviamente, abrir los diseños de sus productos es un paso necesario si su "
"objetivo es empoderar al público. Nathan también cree firmemente que esto "
"propusieron ser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6884
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-91\"></span>TeachAIDS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
+msgid "TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
-msgid "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
+msgid ""
+"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
+"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6874
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6876
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6903
-msgid "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials TeachAIDS distributes."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6887
+msgid ""
+"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
+"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
+"Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials "
+"TeachAIDS distributes."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914
-msgid "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global population about HIV and AIDS, particularly in parts of the world where education efforts have been historically unsuccessful. Their educational content is conveyed through interactive software, using methods based on the latest research about how people learn. TeachAIDS serves content in more than eighty countries around the world. In each instance, the content is translated to the local language and adjusted to conform to local norms and customs. All content is free and made available under a Creative Commons license."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6898
+msgid ""
+"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
+"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
+"population about HIV and AIDS, particularly in parts of the world where "
+"education efforts have been historically unsuccessful. Their educational "
+"content is conveyed through interactive software, using methods based on the "
+"latest research about how people learn. TeachAIDS serves content in more "
+"than eighty countries around the world. In each instance, the content is "
+"translated to the local language and adjusted to conform to local norms and "
+"customs. All content is free and made available under a Creative Commons "
+"license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
-"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They "
-"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and pieces of information."
+"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
+"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
+"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. "
+"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of "
+"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring "
+"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports "
+"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the "
+"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. "
+"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya "
+"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They "
+"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and "
+"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss "
+"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on "
+"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and "
+"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and "
+"pieces of information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6926
+msgid ""
+"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
+"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
+"distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s "
+"team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were "
+"interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly "
+"quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered "
+"taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners "
+"and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” "
+"Piya said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6942
-msgid "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” Piya said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6930
+msgid ""
+"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
+"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
+"decided to use Creative Commons licenses on the materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6946
-msgid "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also decided to use Creative Commons licenses on the materials."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943
+msgid ""
+"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
+"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
+"the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the "
+"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially "
+"gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the "
+"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for "
+"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the "
+"cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer "
+"to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this "
+"exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly "
+"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950
msgid ""
-"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly "
-"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”"
+"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
+"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
+"content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to "
+"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-"
+"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives "
+"everything we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6966
-msgid "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives everything we do.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6957
+msgid ""
+"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
+"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
+"researches cultural icons that would best resonate with their target "
+"audiences and recruits them to donate their likenesses and voices for use in "
+"the animated software. The celebrities involved vary for each localized "
+"version of the materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6973
-msgid "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS researches cultural icons that would best resonate with their target audiences and recruits them to donate their likenesses and voices for use in the animated software. The celebrities involved vary for each localized version of the materials."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6970
+msgid ""
+"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
+"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
+"same core scientific materials, they pour a lot of resources into "
+"customizing the content for a particular population. Because they use a CC "
+"license that does not allow the public to adapt the content, TeachAIDS "
+"retains careful control over the localization process. The content is "
+"translated into the local language, but there are also changes in substance "
+"and format to reflect cultural differences. This process results in minor "
+"changes, like choosing different idioms based on the local language, and "
+"significant changes, like creating gendered versions for places where people "
+"are more likely to accept information from someone of the same gender."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6984
+msgid ""
+"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
+"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
+"controlling the quality of the materials when they tap volunteers instead of "
+"using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate "
+"volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language "
+"and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three "
+"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. "
+"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version "
+"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. "
+"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets "
+"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle "
+"eleven times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7001
+msgid ""
+"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
+"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
+"use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including "
+"teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in "
+"working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help "
+"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. "
+"Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to "
+"help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, "
+"but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who "
+"are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than "
+"ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero "
+"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we "
+"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they "
+"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can "
+"push play and they will work.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
msgid ""
-"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the same core scientific materials, they pour a lot of resources into customizing the content for a particular population. Because they use a CC license that does not allow the public to adapt the content, TeachAIDS retains careful control over the localization process. The content is translated into the local language, but there are also changes in substance and format to reflect cultural differences. This process results in minor changes, like choosing different idioms based on the local language, and significant changes, like creating gendered versions for places where people are more likely "
-"to accept information from someone of the same gender."
+"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
+"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
+"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-"
+"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
+"model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the "
+"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators "
+"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own "
+"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The "
+"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it "
+"completely free.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021
msgid ""
-"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck controlling the quality of the materials when they tap volunteers instead of using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that "
-"meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle eleven times."
+"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
+"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
+"the advertising compromise their credibility or undermine the heavy "
+"investment they put into creating quality content. Sponsors of the content "
+"have no ability to influence the substance of the content, and they cannot "
+"even create advertising content. Sponsors only get the right to have their "
+"logo appear before and after the educational content. All of the content "
+"remains branded as TeachAIDS."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7029
msgid ""
-"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than ongoing "
-"staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can push play and they will work.”"
+"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
+"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
+"the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more "
+"importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an "
+"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could "
+"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” "
+"Shuman said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7028
-msgid "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it completely free.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040
+msgid ""
+"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
+"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
+"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
+"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. "
+"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs "
+"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. "
+"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often "
+"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the "
+"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit "
+"a brand for many years to come."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
-msgid "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let the advertising compromise their credibility or undermine the heavy investment they put into creating quality content. Sponsors of the content have no ability to influence the substance of the content, and they cannot even create advertising content. Sponsors only get the right to have their logo appear before and after the educational content. All of the content remains branded as TeachAIDS."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
+msgid ""
+"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
+"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
+"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something "
+"companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even "
+"built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these "
+"initiatives."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
-msgid "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” Shuman said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
+msgid ""
+"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
+"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
+"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create "
+"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their "
+"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer "
+"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
-msgid "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. “We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come."
+msgid "Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
-msgid "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these initiatives."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
+msgid ""
+"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
+"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
+"Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7070
-msgid "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7062
+msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-92\"></span>Tribe of Noise"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066
+msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
-msgid "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the Netherlands."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
+msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7078
-msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7082
-msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
+msgid ""
+"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
+"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
+"online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to "
+"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. "
+"Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open "
+"licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
-msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7086
+msgid ""
+"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
+"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
+"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. "
+"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly "
+"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in "
+"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not "
+"readily available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7094
-msgid "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
-msgid "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not readily available."
+msgid ""
+"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
+"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
+"expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue "
+"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are "
+"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So "
+"after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build "
+"a platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
-msgid "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build a platform."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100
+msgid ""
+"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
+"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
+"provide the community with information and ideas about how the new economy "
+"works. Community willingness to try new music business models requires a "
+"trust relationship."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7116
-msgid "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, provide the community with information and ideas about how the new economy works. Community willingness to try new music business models requires a trust relationship."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7107
+msgid ""
+"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
+"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
+"limited part of their repertoire. The two entrepreneurs wanted to take the "
+"pain away for media makers who wanted to license music and solve the "
+"problems the two had personally experienced finding this music."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
-msgid "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a limited part of their repertoire. The two entrepreneurs wanted to take the pain away for media makers who wanted to license music and solve the problems the two had personally experienced finding this music."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7115
+msgid ""
+"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
+"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
+"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-"
+"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without "
+"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their "
+"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the "
+"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131
-msgid "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7133
+msgid ""
+"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
+"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
+"collecting societies in the European Union usually hold monopolies in their "
+"respective national markets. In addition, they require their members to "
+"transfer exclusive administration rights to them of all of their works. This "
+"complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, who wants to represent artists, "
+"or at least a portion of their repertoire. Hessel and his legal team reached "
+"out to collecting societies, starting with those in the Netherlands. What "
+"would be the best legal way forward that would respect the wishes of "
+"composers and musicians who’d be interested in trying out new models like "
+"the In-store Music Service? Collecting societies at first were hesitant and "
+"said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they primarily work with "
+"unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of the world where they "
+"don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and this convinced them "
+"that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still fighting for a good "
+"cause every single day.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144
+msgid ""
+"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
+"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
+"Noise reseller. The largest telecom network in the Netherlands, for example, "
+"sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business "
+"clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a "
+"similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and "
+"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service "
+"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do "
+"with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have "
+"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
msgid ""
-"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright collecting societies in the European Union usually hold monopolies in their respective national markets. In addition, they require their members to transfer exclusive administration rights to them of all of their works. This complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, who wants to represent artists, or at least a portion of their repertoire. Hessel and his legal team reached out to collecting societies, starting with those in the Netherlands. What would be the best legal way forward that would respect the wishes of composers and musicians who’d be interested in trying out new models "
-"like the In-store Music Service? Collecting societies at first were hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still fighting for a good cause every single day.”"
+"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
+"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
+"share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the "
+"artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a "
+"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
-msgid "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of Noise reseller. The largest telecom network in the Netherlands, for example, sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S."
+msgid ""
+"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
+"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
+"retailer with 1,000 stores nationwide. In this case the overall playlist "
+"contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license "
+"fee agreed with this retailer is US\\$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% "
+"is shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, "
+"you end up with US\\$12 \\* 1000 stores \\* 0.425 \\* 0.0143 = US\\$73 per "
+"month.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167
-msgid "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
+msgid ""
+"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
+"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
+"Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and "
+"remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons "
+"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
+"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-"
+"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
-msgid "A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large retailer with 1,000 stores nationwide. In this case the overall playlist contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license fee agreed with this retailer is US\\$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% is shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, you end up with US\\$12 \\* 1000 stores \\* 0.425 \\* 0.0143 = US\\$73 per month.2"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178
+msgid ""
+"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
+"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
+"Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has "
+"instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a "
+"Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they "
+"want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the "
+"Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician "
+"reuse their song for a better deal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
-msgid "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
+msgid ""
+"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
+"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
+"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. "
+"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire "
+"at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7194
-msgid "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician reuse their song for a better deal."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190
+msgid ""
+"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
+"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
+"upload only to Tribe of Noise Pro, which has a smaller repertoire of music "
+"than the community area."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
-msgid "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+msgid ""
+"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
+"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
+"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create "
+"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more "
+"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206
-msgid "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who upload only to Tribe of Noise Pro, which has a smaller repertoire of music than the community area."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213
-msgid "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
+msgid ""
+"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
+"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
+"of Noise is also a social network; fellow musicians and professionals can "
+"vote for, comment on, and like your music. Community managers interact with "
+"and support members, and music supervisors pick and choose from the uploaded "
+"songs for in-store play or to promote them to media producers. Members "
+"really like having people working for the platform who truly engage with "
+"them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222
-msgid "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe of Noise is also a social network; fellow musicians and professionals can vote for, comment on, and like your music. Community managers interact with and support members, and music supervisors pick and choose from the uploaded songs for in-store play or to promote them to media producers. Members really like having people working for the platform who truly engage with them."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7214
+msgid ""
+"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
+"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
+"specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually "
+"involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member "
+"engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening "
+"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
-msgid "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7225
+msgid ""
+"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
+"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
+"from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of "
+"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. "
+"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little "
+"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a "
+"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by "
+"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with "
+"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
-msgid "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with collecting societies like"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
-msgid "ASCAP or BMI."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257
msgid ""
-"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such an arrangement prevents those musicians from uploading their music to Tribe of Noise. In the United States, you can have a collecting society handle only some of your tracks, whereas in many countries in Europe, a collecting society prefers to represent your entire repertoire (although the European Commission is making some changes). Tribe of Noise deals with this issue all the time and gives you a warning whenever you upload a song. If collecting societies are willing to be open and flexible and do the most they can for their members, then they can consider organizations like Tribe "
-"of Noise as a nice add-on, generating more exposure and revenue for the musicians they represent. So far, Tribe of Noise has been able to make all this work without litigation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266
-msgid "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, a model that’s based on trust."
+"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
+"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
+"an arrangement prevents those musicians from uploading their music to Tribe "
+"of Noise. In the United States, you can have a collecting society handle "
+"only some of your tracks, whereas in many countries in Europe, a collecting "
+"society prefers to represent your entire repertoire (although the European "
+"Commission is making some changes). Tribe of Noise deals with this issue all "
+"the time and gives you a warning whenever you upload a song. If collecting "
+"societies are willing to be open and flexible and do the most they can for "
+"their members, then they can consider organizations like Tribe of Noise as a "
+"nice add-on, generating more exposure and revenue for the musicians they "
+"represent. So far, Tribe of Noise has been able to make all this work "
+"without litigation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+msgid ""
+"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
+"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
+"translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise "
+"believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They "
+"can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who "
+"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. "
+"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, "
+"a model that’s based on trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-93\"></span>Wikimedia Foundation"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+msgid "Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276
-msgid "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
+msgid ""
+"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
+"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
-msgid "Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
+msgid ""
+"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
+"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7295
-msgid "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7278
+msgid ""
+"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
+"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
+"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the "
+"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to "
+"reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
-msgid "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the 295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7282
+msgid ""
+"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
+"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
+"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294
msgid ""
-"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a "
-"particular organization."
+"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
+"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
+"sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two "
+"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. "
+"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. "
+"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five "
+"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. "
+"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including "
+"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular "
+"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular "
+"organization."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7316
-msgid "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
+msgid ""
+"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
+"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
+"undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects "
+"are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7323
-msgid "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what makes the projects successful—community, transparency, a strong mission, trust—are consistent with what it takes to be successfully Made with Creative Commons more generally. With Wikipedia, everything just happens at an unprecedented scale."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
+msgid ""
+"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
+"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
+"makes the projects successful—community, transparency, a strong mission, "
+"trust—are consistent with what it takes to be successfully Made with "
+"Creative Commons more generally. With Wikipedia, everything just happens at "
+"an unprecedented scale."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333
-msgid "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by the crazy notion that perhaps a truly open, collaborative project could create something meaningful. At this point, Wikipedia is so ubiquitous and ingrained in our digital lives that the fact of its existence seems less remarkable. But outside of software, Wikipedia is perhaps the single most stunning example of successful community cocreation. Every day, seven thousand new articles are created on Wikipedia, and nearly fifteen thousand edits are made every hour."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7316
+msgid ""
+"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
+"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
+"the crazy notion that perhaps a truly open, collaborative project could "
+"create something meaningful. At this point, Wikipedia is so ubiquitous and "
+"ingrained in our digital lives that the fact of its existence seems less "
+"remarkable. But outside of software, Wikipedia is perhaps the single most "
+"stunning example of successful community cocreation. Every day, seven "
+"thousand new articles are created on Wikipedia, and nearly fifteen thousand "
+"edits are made every hour."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7336
msgid ""
-"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, talk pages "
-"explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites."
+"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
+"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
+"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community "
+"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on "
+"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by "
+"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their "
+"systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule "
+"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. "
+"The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve "
+"disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, "
+"talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
+"Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community "
+"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, "
+"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the "
+"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as "
+"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical "
+"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s "
+"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7349
+msgid ""
+"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
+"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
+"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly "
+"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the "
+"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, "
+"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some "
+"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place "
+"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy "
+"community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to "
+"get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially "
+"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7360
msgid ""
-"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially "
-"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing."
+"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
+"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
+"the text of Wikipedia is available under an Attribution-ShareAlike license "
+"(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long "
+"as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the "
+"same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a "
+"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia "
+"bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for "
+"everyone.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
-msgid "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of the text of Wikipedia is available under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for everyone.”"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376
+msgid ""
+"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
+"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
+"they do. Wikipedia is not simply a source of up-to-the-minute content on "
+"every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together "
+"in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a "
+"million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes "
+"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. "
+"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of "
+"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English "
+"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles "
+"more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users "
+"are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to "
+"Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” "
+"Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
+msgid ""
+"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
+"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
+"donations, with about \\$15 as the average. Because Wikipedia is one of the "
+"ten most popular websites in terms of total page views, donations from a "
+"small portion of that audience can translate into a lot of money. In the "
+"2015-16 fiscal year, they received more than \\$77 million from more than "
+"five million donors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7393
msgid ""
-"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what they do. Wikipedia is not simply a source of up-to-the-minute content on every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles more than "
-"forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
+"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
+"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
+"Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United "
+"States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the "
+"reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is "
+"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. "
+"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
-msgid "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual donations, with about \\$15 as the average. Because Wikipedia is one of the ten most popular websites in terms of total page views, donations from a small portion of that audience can translate into a lot of money. In the 2015-16 fiscal year, they received more than \\$77 million from more than five million donors."
+msgid ""
+"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
+"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
+"realize this vision by empowering people around the globe to create "
+"educational content made freely available under an open license or in the "
+"public domain. Stephen and Luis said the mission, which is rooted in the "
+"same philosophy behind Creative Commons, drives everything the foundation "
+"does."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406
+msgid ""
+"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
+"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
+"critical for a revenue strategy that relies on reader donations. It also "
+"instills trust in their community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
-msgid "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
+msgid ""
+"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
+"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
+"community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate "
+"an entire movement,” Stephen told us."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
-msgid "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to realize this vision by empowering people around the globe to create educational content made freely available under an open license or in the public domain. Stephen and Luis said the mission, which is rooted in the same philosophy behind Creative Commons, drives everything the foundation does."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417
+msgid ""
+"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
+"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
+"is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen "
+"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Bullet: '1. '
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421
+msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
-msgid "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is critical for a revenue strategy that relies on reader donations. It also instills trust in their community."
+msgid "Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
-msgid "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate an entire movement,” Stephen told us."
+msgid ""
+"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
+"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
+"from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
+msgid ""
+"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
+"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434
-msgid "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”"
+msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
-msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7437
+msgid ""
+"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
+"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-94\"></span>Bibliography"
+msgid ""
+"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
+"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
-msgid "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013."
+msgid ""
+"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
+"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
-msgid "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
+msgid ""
+"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
+"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
+"models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
-msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7455
+msgid ""
+"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
+"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
+"Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-"
+"paradigm/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454
-msgid "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7458
+msgid ""
+"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
+"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
-msgid "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2012."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
+msgid ""
+"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
+"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
+"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in "
+"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
+"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more "
+"information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
-msgid "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler.org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7469
+msgid ""
+"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
+"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
-msgid "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+msgid ""
+"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
+"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
-msgid "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+msgid ""
+"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
+"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
-msgid "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
+msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
-msgid "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7481
+msgid ""
+"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
+"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
-msgid "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
+msgid ""
+"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
+"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7489
-msgid "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
+msgid ""
+"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
+"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
-msgid "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
+msgid ""
+"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
+"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
+"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, "
+"2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
+"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
+"urban-commons1.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
-msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
+msgid ""
+"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
+"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
-msgid "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500
+msgid ""
+"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
+"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501
-msgid "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+msgid ""
+"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
+"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7504
-msgid "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507
+msgid ""
+"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
+"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
+"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
-msgid "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
+msgid ""
+"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
+"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
+"of Regina Press, 2015. uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge (licensed "
+"under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7514
-msgid "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
+msgid ""
+"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
+"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
-msgid "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
+msgid ""
+"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
+"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
-msgid "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522
+msgid ""
+"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
+"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
+"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
-msgid "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7525
+msgid ""
+"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
+"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
-msgid "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015. uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+msgid ""
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
+"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
-msgid "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
+msgid ""
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
+"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
+"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
-msgid "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
+msgid ""
+"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
+"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
-msgid "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
+msgid ""
+"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
+"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
-msgid "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
+msgid ""
+"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
+"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
-msgid "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
+msgid ""
+"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
+"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+msgid ""
+"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
+"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
-msgid "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. “Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
+msgid ""
+"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
+"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
-msgid "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7555
+msgid ""
+"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
+"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
-msgid "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: Viking, 2013."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558
+msgid ""
+"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
+"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
-msgid "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561
+msgid ""
+"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
+"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
-msgid "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
+msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
-msgid "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2014."
+msgid ""
+"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
+"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
-msgid "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
+msgid ""
+"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
+"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
-msgid "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
+msgid ""
+"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
+"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
-msgid "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
+msgid ""
+"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
+"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
-msgid "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
+msgid ""
+"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
+"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580
-msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581
+msgid ""
+"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
+"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
-msgid "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7584
+msgid ""
+"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
+"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
-msgid "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7588
+msgid ""
+"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
+"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
+"www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
-msgid "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New York: Morgan James, 2016."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
+msgid ""
+"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
+"com/books/business-model-generation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
-msgid "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
+msgid ""
+"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
+"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
+"book is available at strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
-msgid "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7599
+msgid ""
+"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
+"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
-msgid "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+msgid ""
+"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
+"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
+"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro."
+"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-"
+"SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
-msgid "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+msgid ""
+"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
+"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
-msgid "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
+msgid ""
+"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
+"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
+"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/"
+"cathedral-bazaar/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
-msgid "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
+msgid ""
+"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
+"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
+"Business, 2011."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
-msgid "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623
+msgid ""
+"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
+"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
+"Macmillan, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
-msgid "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+msgid ""
+"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
-msgid "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
+msgid ""
+"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
+"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
-msgid "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
+msgid ""
+"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
+"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
-msgid "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
+msgid ""
+"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
+"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
-msgid "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown Business, 2011."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
+msgid ""
+"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
+"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
-msgid "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014."
+msgid ""
+"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
+"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
-msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7643
+msgid ""
+"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
+"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
-msgid "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+msgid ""
+"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
+"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
-msgid "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
+msgid ""
+"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
+"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
-msgid "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
+msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
-msgid "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR Books, 2015."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7655
+msgid ""
+"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
+"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
+"Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
-msgid "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
+msgid ""
+"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
+"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
-msgid "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: Ikigai Press, 2015."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
+msgid ""
+"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
+"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7663
-msgid "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
+msgid ""
+"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
+"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
+"with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for "
+"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. opendesignnow.org (licensed "
+"under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
-msgid "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7671
+msgid ""
+"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
+"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
-msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674
+msgid ""
+"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
+"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
-msgid "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: Portfolio, 2016."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7677
+msgid ""
+"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
+"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
-msgid "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
+msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
-msgid "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
+msgid ""
+"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
+"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
+"enthusiastically supporting our work. Special gratitude to the William and "
+"Flora Hewlett Foundation for the initial seed funding that got us started on "
+"this project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
-msgid "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. opendesignnow.org (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7689
+msgid ""
+"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
+"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
+"the inspiration."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
-msgid "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society 3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695
+msgid ""
+"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
+"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
+"for sharing their stories with us. While not featured as case studies in "
+"this book, you all are equally interesting, and we encourage our readers to "
+"visit your sites and explore your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
-msgid "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7700
+msgid ""
+"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
+"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
+"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. "
+"Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7694
-msgid "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
-msgstr ""
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+"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr "
+"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip "
+"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, "
+"Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, "
+"Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, "
+"Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, "
+"Rafael Scapin, Rafaela Kunz, Rain Doggerel, Raine Lourie, Rajiv Jhangiani, "
+"Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël "
+"Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, "
+"Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich "
+"McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard "
+"Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, "
+"Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, "
+"Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob "
+"Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, "
+"Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, "
+"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-"
+"Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, "
+"Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, "
+"Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, "
+"Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den "
+"Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross "
+"Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi "
+"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann "
+"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, "
+"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon "
+"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, "
+"Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel "
+"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra "
+"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay "
+"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, "
+"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah "
+"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott "
+"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott "
+"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean "
+"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian "
+"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, "
+"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio "
+"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon "
+"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby "
+"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, "
+"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, "
+"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, "
+"Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan "
+"Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane "
+"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, "
+"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, "
+"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, "
+"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, "
+"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, "
+"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie "
+"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia "
+"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya "
+"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner "
+"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry "
+"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, "
+"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, "
+"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas "
+"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim "
+"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy "
+"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, "
+"Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom "
+"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom "
+"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, "
+"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey "
+"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey "
+"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo "
+"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika "
+"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria "
+"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S."
+"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia "
+"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, "
+"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William "
+"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, "
+"William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang "
+"Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, "
+"Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, Yves "
+"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, "
+"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Made"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Hecho"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>with"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>con"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-5\"></span>"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-5\"></span>"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Foreword"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Prefacio"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-8\"></span>Introduction"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-8\"></span>Introducción"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-9\"></span>Part 1"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-9\"></span>Parte 1"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-10\"></span>The Big Picture"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-10\"></span>El panorama completo"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-11\"></span>The New"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-11\"></span>El nuevo"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-12\"></span>World of"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-12\"></span>mundo del"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-13\"></span>Digital"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-13\"></span>procomún"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-14\"></span>Commons"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-14\"></span>digital"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-17\"></span>Characteristics"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-17\"></span>Características"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-18\"></span>People and processes"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-18\"></span>Personas y procesos"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-19\"></span>Norms and rules"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-19\"></span>Normas y reglas"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-20\"></span>Goals"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-20\"></span>Objetivos"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-23\"></span>The Birth of Creative Commons"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-23\"></span>El nacimiento de Creative Commons"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-24\"></span>The Changing Market"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-24\"></span>El mercado cambiante"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-26\"></span>Our Case Studies"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-26\"></span>Nuestros casos de estudio"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-27\"></span>How"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-27\"></span>Cómo"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-28\"></span>to Be"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-28\"></span>ser"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7696
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-95\"></span>Acknowledgments"
-msgstr ""
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-29\"></span>Made with"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-29\"></span>Hecho con"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7702
-msgid "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for enthusiastically supporting our work. Special gratitude to the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation for the initial seed funding that got us started on this project."
-msgstr ""
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-30\"></span>Creative"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-30\"></span>Creative"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7706
-msgid "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for the inspiration."
-msgstr ""
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-31\"></span>Commons"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-31\"></span>Commons"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7712
-msgid "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium for sharing their stories with us. While not featured as case studies in this book, you all are equally interesting, and we encourage our readers to visit your sites and explore your work."
-msgstr ""
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-62\"></span>The"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-62\"></span>Las"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7717
-msgid "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
-msgstr ""
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-63\"></span>Creative"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-63\"></span>Licencias"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7764
-msgid ""
-"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, Austin Tolentino, Ben Sheridan, Benedikt Foit, Benjamin Costantini, Bernd Nurnberger, Bernhard Seefeld, Bethanye Blount, Bradford Benn, Bryan Mock, Carmen Garcia Wiedenhoeft, Carolyn Hinchliff, Casey Milford, Cat Cooper, Chip McIntosh, Chris Thorne, Chris Weber, Chutika Udomsinn, Claire Wardle, Claudia Cristiani, Cody Allard, Colleen Cressman, Craig Thomler, Creative Commons Uruguay, Curt McNamara, Dan Parson, Daniel Dominguez, Daniel Morado, Darius Irvin, Dave Taillefer, David Lewis, David Mikula, David Varnes, David Wiley, Deborah Nas, Diderik van Wingerden, Dirk Kiefer, Dom Lane, Domi "
-"Enders, Douglas Van Houweling, Dylan Field, Einar Joergensen, Elad Wieder, Elie Calhoun, Erika Reid, Evtim Papushev, Fauxton Software, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Ferdies Food Lab, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gavin Romig-Koch, George Baier IV, George De Bruin, Gianpaolo Rando, Glenn Otis Brown, Govindarajan Umakanthan, Graham Bird, Graham Freeman, Hamish MacEwan, Harry Kaczka, Humble Daisy, Ian Capstick, Iris Brest, James Cloos, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jane Finette, Jason Blasso, Jason E. Barkeloo, Jay M Williams, Jean-Philippe Turcotte, Jeanette Frey, Jeff De Cagna, Jérôme Mizeret, Jessica Dickinson Goodman, Jessy Kate Schingler, Jim O’Flaherty, Jim Pellegrini, Jiří Marek, Jo Allum, Joachim von Goetz, Johan Adda, John "
-"Benfield, John Bevan, Jonas Öberg, Jonathan Lin, JP Rangaswami, Juan Carlos Belair, Justin Christian, Justin Szlasa, Kate Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kellie Higginbottom, Kendra Byrne, Kevin Coates, Kristina Popova, Kristoffer Steen, Kyle Simpson, Laurie Racine, Leonardo Bueno Postacchini, Leticia Britos Cavagnaro, Livia Leskovec, Louis-David Benyayer, Maik Schmalstich, Mairi Thomson, Marcia Hofmann, Maria Liberman, Marino Hernandez, Mario R. Hemsley, MD, Mark Cohen, Mark Mullen, Mary Ellen Davis, Mathias Bavay, Matt Black, Matt Hall, Max van Balgooy, Médéric Droz-dit-Busset, Melissa Aho, Menachem Goldstein, Michael Harries, Michael Lewis, Michael Weiss, Miha Batic, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Neal Stimler, "
-"Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nicholas Norfolk, Nick Coghlan, Nicole Hickman, Nikki Thompson, Norrie Mailer, Omar Kaminski, OpenBuilds, Papp István Péter, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Elosegui, Penny Pearson, Peter Mengelers, Playground Inc., Pomax, Rafaela Kunz, Rajiv Jhangiani, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Robert Jones, Robert Thompson, Ronald van den Hoff, Rusi Popov, Ryan Merkley, S Searle, Salomon Riedo, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Tait, Sarah McGovern, Scott Gillespie, Seb Schmoller, Sharon Clapp, Sheona Thomson, Siena Oristaglio, Simon Law, Solomon Simon, Stefano Guidotti, Subhendu Ghosh, Susan Chun, Suzie Wiley, Sylvain Carle, Theresa Bernardo, Thomas Hartman, Thomas Kent, "
-"Timothée Planté, Timothy Hinchliff, Traci Long DeForge, Trevor Hogue, Tumuult, Vickie Goode, Vikas Shah, Virginia Kopelman, Wayne Mackintosh, William Peter Nash, Winie Evers, Wolfgang Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Yancey Strickler"
-msgstr ""
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-64\"></span>Commons"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-64\"></span>Creative"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7819
-msgid ""
-"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham Taherivand, Adam Croom, Adam Finer, Adam Hansen, Adam Morris, Adam Procter, Adam Quirk, Adam Rory Porter, Adam Simmons, Adam Tinworth, Adam Zimmerman, Adrian Ho, Adrian Smith, Adriane Ruzak, Adriano Loconte, Al Sweigart, Alain Imbaud, Alan Graham, Alan M. Ford, Alan Swithenbank, Alan Vonlanthen, Albert O’Connor, Alec Foster, Alejandro Suarez Cebrian, Aleks Degtyarev, Alex Blood, Alex C. Ion, Alex Ross Shaw, Alexander Bartl, Alexander Brown, Alexander Brunner, Alexander Eliesen, Alexander Hawson, Alexander Klar, Alexander Neumann, Alexander Plaum, Alexander Wendland, Alexandre Rafalovitch, "
-"Alexey Volkow, Alexi Wheeler, Alexis Sevault, Alfredo Louro, Ali Sternburg, Alicia Gibb & Lunchbox Electronics, Alison Link, Alison Pentecost, Alistair Boettiger, Alistair Walder, Alix Bernier, Allan Callaghan, Allen Riddell, Allison Breland Crotwell, Allison Jane Smith, Álvaro Justen, Amanda Palmer, Amanda Wetherhold, Amit Bagree, Amit Tikare, Amos Blanton, Amy Sept, Anatoly Volynets, Anders Ericsson, Andi Popp, André Bose Do Amaral, Andre Dickson, André Koot, André Ricardo, Andre van Rooyen, Andre Wallace, Andrea Bagnacani, Andrea Pepe, Andrea Pigato, Andreas Jagelund, Andres Gomez Casanova, Andrew A. Farke, Andrew Berhow, Andrew Hearse, Andrew Matangi, Andrew R McHugh, Andrew Tam, Andrew Turvey, Andrew Walsh, Andrew Wilson, "
-"Andrey Novoseltsev, Andy McGhee, Andy Reeve, Andy Woods, Angela Brett, Angeliki Kapoglou, Angus Keenan, Anne-Marie Scott, Antero Garcia, Antoine Authier, Antoine Michard, Anton Kurkin, Anton Porsche, Antònia Folguera, António Ornelas, Antonis Triantafyllakis, aois21 publishing, April Johnson, Aria F. Chernik, Ariane Allan, Ariel Katz, Arithmomaniac, Arnaud Tessier, Arnim Sommer, Ashima Bawa, Ashley Elsdon, Athanassios Diacakis, Aurora Thornton, Aurore Chavet Henry, Austin Hartzheim, Austin Tolentino, Avner Shanan, Axel Pettersson, Axel Stieglbauer, Ay Okpokam, Barb Bartkowiak, Barbara Lindsey, Barry Dayton, Bastian Hougaard, Ben Chad, Ben Doherty, Ben Hansen, Ben Nuttall, Ben Rosenthal, Ben Sheridan, Benedikt Foit, Benita Tsao, "
-"Benjamin Costantini, Benjamin Daemon, Benjamin Keele, Benjamin Pflanz, Berglind Ósk Bergsdóttir, Bernardo Miguel Antunes, Bernd Nurnberger, Bernhard Seefeld, Beth Gis, Beth Tillinghast, Bethanye Blount, Bill Bonwitt, Bill Browne, Bill Keaggy, Bill Maiden, Bill Rafferty, Bill Scanlon, Bill Shields, Bill Slankard, BJ Becker, Bjorn Freeman-Benson, Bjørn Otto Wallevik, BK Bitner, Bo Ilsøe Hansen, Bo Sprotte Kofod, Bob Doran, Bob Recny, Bob Stuart, Bonnie Chiu, Boris Mindzak, Boriss Lariushin, Borjan Tchakaloff, Brad Kik, Braden Hassett, Bradford Benn, Bradley Keyes, Bradley L’Herrou, Brady Forrest, Brandon McGaha, Branka Tokic, Brant Anderson, Brenda Sullivan, Brendan O’Brien, Brendan Schlagel, Brett Abbott, Brett Gaylor, Brian Dysart, "
-"Brian Lampl, Brian Lipscomb, Brian S. Weis, Brian Schrader, Brian Walsh, Brian Walsh, Brooke Dukes, Brooke Schreier Ganz, Bruce Lerner, Bruce Wilson, Bruno Boutot, Bruno Girin, Bryan Mock, Bryant Durrell, Bryce Barbato, Buzz Technology Limited, Byung-Geun Jeon, C. Glen Williams, C. L. Couch, Cable Green, Callum Gare, Cameron Callahan, Cameron Colby Thomson, Cameron Mulder, Camille Bissuel / Nylnook, Candace Robertson, Carl Morris, Carl Perry, Carl Rigney, Carles Mateu, Carlos Correa Loyola, Carlos Solis, Carmen Garcia Wiedenhoeft, Carol Long, Carol marquardsen, Caroline Calomme, Caroline Mailloux, Carolyn Hinchliff, Carolyn Rude, Carrie Cousins, Carrie Watkins, Casey Hunt, Casey Milford, Casey Powell Shorthouse, Cat Cooper, Cecilie "
-"Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile,"
-msgstr ""
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-65\"></span>Licenses"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-65\"></span>Commons"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7863
-msgid ""
-"@ShrimpingIt, Celia Muller, Ces Keller, Chad Anderson, Charles Butler, Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S. Tritt, Charles Stanhope, Charlotte Ong-Wisener, Chealsye Bowley, Chelle Destefano, Chenpang Chou, Cheryl Corte, Cheryl Todd, Chip Dickerson, Chip McIntosh, Chris Bannister, Chris Betcher, Chris Coleman, Chris Conway, Chris Foote (Spike), Chris Hurst, Chris Mitchell, Chris Muscat Azzopardi, Chris Niewiarowski, Chris Opperwall, Chris Stieha, Chris Thorne, Chris Weber, Chris Woolfrey, Chris Zabriskie, Christi Reid, Christian Holzberger, Christian Schubert, Christian Sheehy, Christian Thibault, Christian Villum, Christian Wachter, Christina Bennett, Christine Henry, Christine Rico, Christopher "
-"Burrows, Christopher Chan, Christopher Clay, Christopher Harris, Christopher Opiah, Christopher Swenson, Christos Keramitsis, Chuck Roslof, Chutika Udomsinn, Claire Wardle, Clare Forrest, Claudia Cristiani, Claudio Gallo, Claudio Ruiz, Clayton Dewey, Clement Delort, Cliff Church, Clint Lalonde, Clint O’Connor, Cody Allard, Cody Taylor, Colin Ayer, Colin Campbell, Colin Dean, Colin Mutchler, Colleen Cressman, Comfy Nomad, Connie Roberts, Connor Bär, Connor Merkley, Constantin Graf, Corbett Messa, Cory Chapman, Cosmic Wombat Games, Craig Engler, Craig Heath, Craig Maloney, Craig Thomler, Creative Commons Uruguay, Crina Kienle, Cristiano Gozzini, Curt McNamara, D C Petty, D. Moonfire, D. Rohhyn, D. Schulz, Dacian Herbei, Dagmar M. "
-"Meyer, Dan Mcalister, Dan Mohr, Dan Parson, Dana Freeman, Dana Ospina, Dani Leviss, Daniel Bustamante, Daniel Demmel, Daniel Dominguez, Daniel Dultz, Daniel Gallant, Daniel Kossmann, Daniel Kruse, Daniel Morado, Daniel Morgan, Daniel Pimley, Daniel Sabo, Daniel Sobey, Daniel Stein, Daniel Wildt, Daniele Prati, Danielle Moss, Danny Mendoza, Dario Taraborelli, Darius Irvin, Darius Whelan, Darla Anderson, Dasha Brezinova, Dave Ainscough, Dave Bull, Dave Crosby, Dave Eagle, Dave Moskovitz, Dave Neeteson, Dave Taillefer, Dave Witzel, David Bailey, David Cheung, David Eriksson, David Gallagher, David H. Bronke, David Hartley, David Hellam, David Hood, David Hunter, David jlaietta, David Lewis, David Mason, David Mcconville, David Mikula, "
-"David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan"
-msgstr ""
+#, fuzzy
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. "
+#~ "At a minimum, a CC-"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Todas las licencias Creative Commons otorgan un conjunto básico de "
+#~ "permisos. Como mínimo, un"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7869
-msgid "Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye-"
-msgstr ""
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-66\"></span>Note"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-66\"></span>Nota"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7900
-msgid ""
-"Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd "
-"Wilde, Foxtrot Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, Graham Bird, "
-"Graham Freeman, Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-Gordon, Graham Vowles, Greg Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory Chevalley, Gregory Flynn, Grit Matthias, Gui Louback, Guillaume Rischard, Gustavo Vaz de Carvalho Gonçalves, Gustin Johnson, Gwen Franck, Gwilym Lucas, Haggen So, Håkon T Sønderland, Hamid Larbi, Hamish MacEwan, Hannes Leo, Hans Bickhofe, Hans de Raad, Hans Vd Horst, Harold van Ingen, Harold Watson, Harry Chapman, Harry Kaczka, Harry Torque, Hayden Glass, Hayley Rosenblum, Heather Leson, Helen Crisp, Helen"
-msgstr ""
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-67\"></span>Part 2"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-67\"></span>Parte 2"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8121
-msgid ""
-"Michaud, Helen Qubain, Helle Rekdal Schønemann, Henrique Flach Latorre Moreno, Henry Finn, Henry Kaiser, Henry Lahore, Henry Steingieser, Hermann Paar, Hillary Miller, Hironori Kuriaki, Holly Dykes, Holly Lyne, Hubert Gertis, Hugh Geenen, Humble Daisy, Hüppe Keith, Iain Davidson, Ian Capstick, Ian Johnson, Ian Upton, Icaro Ferracini, Igor Lesko, Imran Haider, Inma de la Torre, Iris Brest, Irwin Madriaga, Isaac Sandaljian, Isaiah Tanenbaum, Ivan F. Villanueva B., J P Cleverdon, Jaakko Tammela Jr, Jacek Darken Gołębiowski, Jack Hart, Jacky Hood, Jacob Dante Leffler, Jaime Perla, Jaime Woo, Jake Campbell, Jake Loeterman, Jakes Rawlinson, James Allenspach, James Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James "
-"Tyler, Jamie Finlay, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jan E Ellison, Jan Gondol, Jan Sepp, Jan Zuppinger, Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason E. Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy Bear Brown, JC Lara, Jean-Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, Jean-Philippe Turcotte, Jean-Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff De Cagna, Jeff Donoghue, Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff Rasalla, Jeff Ski Kinsey, Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen Garcia, Jens Erat, Jeppe Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, "
-"Jessica Dickinson Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate Schingler, Jesús Longás Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim O’Flaherty, Jim Pellegrini, Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo Allum, Joachim Brandon LeBlanc, Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim Bang Larsen, Joan Rieu, Joanna Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi Sandfort, Joe Cardillo, Joe Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, Johan Meeusen, Johannes Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John Bevan, John C Patterson, John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John Huntsman, John Manoogian III, John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, John Pearce, John Shale, John Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John Weeks, John "
-"Wilbanks, John Worland, Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon Alberdi, Jon Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer Friborg, Jon Smith, Jonas Öberg, Jonas Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan Holst, Jonathan Lin, Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg Schwarz, Jose Antonio Gallego Vázquez, Joseph Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph Sullivan, Joseph Tucker, Josh Bernhard, Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP Rangaswami, Juan Carlos Belair, Juan Irming, Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo Marin Diaz, Judith Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, Julia Devonshire, Julian Fietkau, Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien Leroy, Juliet Chen, Julio Terra, Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin "
-"Grimes, Justin Jones, Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy Payne, Katie Lynn Daniels, Katie Meek, Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, Katriona Main, Kavan Antani, Keith Adams, Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, Kellie Higginbottom, Ken Friis Larsen, Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel Ratley, Kendra Byrne, Kerry Hicks, Kevin Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, Kevin Rumon, Kevin Shannon, Kevin Taylor, Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, Kiane l’Azin, "
-"Kianosh Pourian, Kiran Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, Konrad Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, Kristina Popova, Kristofer Bratt, Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt Whittemore, Kyle Pinches, Kyle Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane Rasberry, Larry Garfield, Larry Singer, Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, Laura Anne Brown, Laura Billings, Laura Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, Laurence Gonsalves, Laurent Muchacho, Laurie Racine, Laurie Reynolds, Lawrence M. Schoen, Leandro Pangilinan, Leigh Verlandson, Lenka Gondolova, Leonardo Bueno Postacchini, leonardo menegola, Lesley Mitchell, Leslie Krumholz, Leticia Britos Cavagnaro, Levi Bostian, Leyla Acaroglu, Liisa Ummelas, Lilly Kashmir Marques, Lior Mazliah, "
-"Lisa Bjerke, Lisa Brewster, Lisa Canning, Lisa Cronin, Lisa Di Valentino, Lisandro Gaertner, Livia Leskovec, Liynn Worldlaw, Liz Berg, Liz White, Logan Cox, Loki Carbis, Lora Lynn, Lorna Prescott, Lou Yufan, Louie Amphlett, Louis-David Benyayer, Louise Denman, Luca Corsato, Luca Lesinigo, Luca Palli, Luca Pianigiani, Luca S.G. de Marinis, Lucas Lopez, Lukas Mathis, Luke Chamberlin, Luke Chesser, Luke Woodbury, Lulu Tang, Lydia Pintscher, M Alexander Jurkat, Maarten Sander, Macie J Klosowski, Magnus Adamsson, Magnus Killingberg, Mahmoud Abu-Wardeh, Maik Schmalstich, Maiken Håvarstein, Maira Sutton, Mairi Thomson, Mandy Wultsch, Manickkavasakam Rajasekar, Marc Bogonovich, Marc Harpster, Marc Martí, Marc Olivier Bastien, Marc Stober, "
-"Marc-André Martin, Marcel de Leeuwe, Marcel Hill, Marcia Hofmann, Marcin Olender, Marco Massarotto, Marco Montanari, Marco Morales, Marcos Medionegro, Marcus Bitzl, Marcus Norrgren, Margaret Gary, Mari Moreshead, Maria Liberman, Marielle Hsu, Marino Hernandez, Mario Lurig, Mario R. Hemsley, MD, Marissa Demers, Mark Chandler, Mark Cohen, Mark De Solla Price, Mark Gabby, Mark Gray, Mark Koudritsky, Mark Kupfer, Mark Lednor, Mark McGuire, Mark Moleda, Mark Mullen, Mark Murphy, Mark Perot, Mark Reeder, Mark Spickett, Mark Vincent Adams, Mark Waks, Mark Zuccarell II, Markus Deimann, Markus Jaritz, Markus Luethi, Marshal Miller, Marshall Warner, Martijn Arets, Martin Beaudoin, Martin Decky, Martin DeMello, Martin Humpolec, Martin Mayr, "
-"Martin Peck, Martin Sanchez, Martino Loco, Martti Remmelgas, Martyn Eggleton, Martyn Lewis, Mary Ellen Davis, Mary Heacock, Mary Hess, Mary Mi, Masahiro Takagi, Mason Du, Massimo V.A. Manzari, Mathias Bavay, Mathias Nicolajsen Kjærgaard, Matias Kruk, Matija Nalis, Matt Alcock, Matt Black, Matt Broach, Matt Hall, Matt Haughey, Matt Lee, Matt Plec, Matt Skoss, Matt Thompson, Matt Vance, Matt Wagstaff, Matteo Cocco, Matthew Bendert, Matthew Bergholt, Matthew Darlison, Matthew Epler, Matthew Hawken, Matthew Heimbecker, Matthew Orstad, Matthew Peterworth, Matthew Sheehy, Matthew Tucker, Adaptive Handy Apps, LLC, Mattias Axell, Max Green, Max Kossatz, Max lupo, Max Temkin, Max van Balgooy, Médéric Droz-dit-Busset, Megan Ingle, Megan "
-"Wacha, Meghan Finlayson, Melissa Aho, Melissa Sterry, Melle Funambuline, Menachem Goldstein, Micah Bridges, Michael Ailberto, Michael Anderson, Michael Andersson Skane, Michael C. Stewart, Michael Carroll, Michael Cavette, Michael Crees, Michael David Johas Teener, Michael Dennis Moore, Michael Freundt Karlsen, Michael Harries, Michael Hawel, Michael Lewis, Michael May, Michael Murphy, Michael Murvine, Michael Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael St.Onge, Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, Michael Underwood, Michael Weiss, Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, Michaela Voigt, Michal Rosenn, Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon You, Miha Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike Chelen, Mike Habicher, "
-"Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas "
-"Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, "
-"Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, "
-"Philip Chung, Philip Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, Rafael Scapin, Rafaela Kunz, Rain Doggerel, Raine Lourie, Rajiv Jhangiani, Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, "
-"Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross "
-"Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah "
-"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon "
-"Law, Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, "
-"Sylvia Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, "
-"Tom Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S.Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy "
-"Keenan, Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, Yves Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, ZeMarmot Open Movie"
-msgstr ""
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-68\"></span>The Case Studies"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-68\"></span>Los estudios de caso"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-69\"></span>Arduino"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-69\"></span>Arduino\t"
+
+#~ msgid "product.”"
+#~ msgstr "producto.”"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-70\"></span>Ártica"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-70\"></span>Ártica"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-71\"></span>Blender Institute"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-71\"></span>Blender Institute"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-87\"></span>Rijksmuseum"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-87\"></span>Rijksmuseum"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-90\"></span>Sparkfun"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-90\"></span>Sparkfun"
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-06-19 14:24-0500\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-25 23:26-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Made"
+msgid "Made"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>with"
+msgid "with"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
+msgid "Creative"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:330 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
+msgid "Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction "
-"journalism. . . The way that I think about these things, and in terms of "
-"what I can do is. . . essays like this are occasions to watch somebody "
-"reasonably bright but also reasonably average pay far closer attention and "
-"think at far more length about all sorts of different stuff than most of us "
-"have a chance to in our daily lives.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:74
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-5\"></span>"
+"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
+"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
+"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
+"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
+"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
+"lives.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:76
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-6\"></span>- David Foster Wallace"
+msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:78
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Foreword"
+msgid "Foreword"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:223
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-8\"></span>Introduction"
+msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-9\"></span>Part 1"
+msgid "Part 1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:322
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-10\"></span>The Big Picture"
+msgid "The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:324
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-11\"></span>The New"
+msgid "The New"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-12\"></span>World of"
+msgid "World of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-13\"></span>Digital"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:330
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-14\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "Digital"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-15\"></span>The Commons, the Market, and the State"
+msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:411
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-16\"></span>The Four Aspects of a Resource"
+msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-17\"></span>Characteristics"
+msgid "Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-18\"></span>People and processes"
+msgid "People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-19\"></span>Norms and rules"
+msgid "Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-20\"></span>Goals"
+msgid "Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-21\"></span>A Short History of the Commons"
+msgid "A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-22\"></span>The Digital Revolution"
+msgid "The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:722
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-23\"></span>The Birth of Creative Commons"
+msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-24\"></span>The Changing Market"
+msgid "The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-25\"></span>Benefits of the Digital Commons"
+msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1002
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-26\"></span>Our Case Studies"
+msgid "Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1166
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-27\"></span>How"
+msgid "How"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-28\"></span>to Be"
+msgid "to Be"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-29\"></span>Made with"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-30\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-31\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "Made with"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1374
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-32\"></span>Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
+msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1479
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-33\"></span>Use CC to grow a larger audience"
+msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1519
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-34\"></span>Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
+msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-35\"></span>Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
+msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-36\"></span>Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your "
-"work"
+msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1642
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-37\"></span>Use CC to differentiate yourself"
+msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-38\"></span>Making Money"
+msgid "Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-39\"></span>Market-based revenue streams"
+msgid "Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-40\"></span>Providing a custom service to consumers of "
-"your work * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1750
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-41\"></span>Charging for the physical copy * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-42\"></span>Charging for the in-person version * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1784
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-43\"></span>Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-44\"></span>Charging advertisers or sponsors * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-45\"></span>Charging your content creators * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-46\"></span>Charging a transaction fee * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1843
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-47\"></span>Providing a service to your creators* "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-48\"></span>Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-49\"></span>Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
+msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1892
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-50\"></span>Memberships and individual donations "
-"*\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1907
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-51\"></span>The pay-what-you-want model "
-"*\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1919
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-52\"></span>Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1943
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-53\"></span>Making Human Connections"
+msgid "Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1999
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-54\"></span>Be human"
+msgid "Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2039
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-55\"></span>Be open and accountable"
+msgid "Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2065
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-56\"></span>Design for the good actors"
+msgid "Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2099
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-57\"></span>Treat humans like, well, humans"
+msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-58\"></span>State your principles and stick to them"
+msgid "State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2154
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-59\"></span>Build a community"
+msgid "Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2196
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-60\"></span>Give more to the commons than you take"
+msgid "Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-61\"></span>Involve people in what you do"
+msgid "Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-62\"></span>The"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-63\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-64\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-65\"></span>Licenses"
+msgid "Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
-"minimum, a CC-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
-msgid ""
-"licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form for "
-"noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
+"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
+"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set "
"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic "
"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2457
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-66\"></span>Note"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
+msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2516
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-67\"></span>Part 2"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515
+msgid "Part 2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2518
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-68\"></span>The Case Studies"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2517
+msgid "The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2525
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-69\"></span>Arduino"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
+msgid "Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2545 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2549 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3797 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4038 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4276 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6441 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2548 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3586 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4031 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5792 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6037 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6426 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7070
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2560
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2568
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2575
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would "
"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about "
"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source "
-"product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
-msgid "product.”"
+"product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a "
+"product.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2598
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2610
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2623
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2630
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2636
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2646
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2656
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2665
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2676
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2686
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2701
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2714
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2720
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2734 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6029 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-70\"></span>Ártica"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+msgid "Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2903 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3058 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4520 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5611 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6282 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6720 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6898 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4509 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6704 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7270
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2779
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2801
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2807
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2821
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2827
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2836
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2865
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2873
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2879
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-71\"></span>Blender Institute"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
+msgid "Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2910
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2919
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2925
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2937
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2945
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2968
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2974
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2993
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3019
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3031
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-72\"></span>Cards Against Humanity"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
+msgid "Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3069
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3080
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
-"download, the"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3093
-msgid "openness to fans remixing the game—give"
+"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
+"cult following."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3095
-msgid "the game a massive cult following."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3139
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3154
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3150
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3166
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3196
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3203
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-73\"></span>The Conversation"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+msgid "The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3239
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3245
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3263
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3274
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3285
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3298
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3307
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3318
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
-"Attribution-"
+"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
+"others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the "
+"content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites "
+"have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 "
+"million unique views per month, but through republication they have "
+"thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the "
+"Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central "
+"to everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
-msgid ""
-"NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for others to "
-"republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the content is not "
-"edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites have "
-"republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 million "
-"unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-five "
-"million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative Commons "
-"license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to everything the "
-"Conversation does."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3325
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3333
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3355
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3373
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5785 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-74\"></span>Cory Doctorow"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
+msgid "Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3398
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3421
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3436
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3447
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3455
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3463
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3480
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3487
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3500
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3525
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3534
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3552
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3561
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-75\"></span>Figshare"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
+msgid "Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3599
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3624
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3647
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3642
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3648
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3658
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3678
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
"to develop this functionality as part of their own "
"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the "
"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to "
-"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
-msgid ""
-"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including "
-"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has "
-"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
+"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides research-data "
+"infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer "
+"Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them "
+"to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3686
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3694
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3705
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3713
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3720
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3749
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3756
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-76\"></span>Figure.NZ"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+msgid "Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3808
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3829
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3844
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3858
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3869
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3904
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3915
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3940
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3949
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3961
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3977
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3987
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4001
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
-"the “network effect”—"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
-msgid ""
-"users dramatically increasing value for themselves and for others through "
-"use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making the network effect "
-"possible."
+"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and "
+"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making "
+"the network effect possible."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-77\"></span>Knowledge Unlatched"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+msgid "Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
"the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to "
-"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly-"
+"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system "
+"is not working for anyone, and especially not for monographs in the "
+"humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to changing "
+"this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable alternative "
+"model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of making monographs "
+"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long "
+"term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has received several awards, "
+"including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 and a Curtin University "
+"Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in Education in 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
-msgid ""
-"book-publishing system is not working for anyone, and especially not for "
-"monographs in the humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is "
-"committed to changing this and has been working with libraries to create a "
-"sustainable alternative model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the "
-"cost of making monographs (released under a Creative Commons license) and "
-"savings costs over the long term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has "
-"received several awards, including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 "
-"and a Curtin University Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in "
-"Education in 2015."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4055
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4069
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4076
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4083
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4090
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4099
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4102
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4137
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4147
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4165
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4198
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4207
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4224
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4236
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-78\"></span>Lumen Learning"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
+msgid "Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4288
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
-"for-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
-msgid ""
-"profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the education "
-"sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking grants from "
-"philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in certain "
-"ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way that "
-"change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t a lot "
-"of flexibility to do so."
+"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
+"education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking "
+"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in "
+"certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way "
+"that change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t "
+"a lot of flexibility to do so."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4323
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4338
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4344
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4357
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4372
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4391
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4397
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4414
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
"grant funders. People in their network generously increase the visibility of "
"Lumen through presentations, word of mouth, and referrals. Sometimes the "
-"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424
-msgid "capacity."
+"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales capacity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4425
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4433
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4442
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
"Why should you invest in creating something that people will be reluctant to "
"pay for? How do you ensure that the investment the diverse education "
"community makes in OER is not exploited? Lumen thinks we all need to be "
-"clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
-msgid "community."
+"clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open "
+"community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4481
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-79\"></span>Jonathan Mann"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
+msgid "Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4519
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4533
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4541
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4576
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4590
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4598
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4608
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4630
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
"really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his "
"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged "
"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung "
-"about"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
-msgid ""
-"or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
+"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4628
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
"business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a songwriter, and "
-"he has found a way to keep it interesting for"
+"he has found a way to keep it interesting for himself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
-msgid "himself."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4677
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-80\"></span>Noun Project"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+msgid "Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4716
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4724
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4741
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4768
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4783
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
-"building trust is the top"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
-msgid "priority."
+"building trust is the top priority."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4803
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4821
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4833
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4846
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-81\"></span>Open Data Institute"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+msgid "Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4951
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4974
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4999
msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5022
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5080
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-82\"></span>OpenDesk"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+msgid "OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5125 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5143
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5169
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5174
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5179
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5202
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5200
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5227
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5236
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5276
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5302
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5354
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-83\"></span>OpenStax"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+msgid "OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5358
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5366
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5414
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5424
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5442
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5450
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5466
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5475
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5493
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5519
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5528
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5536
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5545
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-84\"></span>Amanda Palmer"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+msgid "Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5626
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5635
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5659
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5645
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5655
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5677
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5685
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5711
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5719
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5753
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5789
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-85\"></span>PLOS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+msgid "PLOS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-86\"></span>(Public Library of Science)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+msgid "(Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5790
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5814
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5824
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5834
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5853
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5858
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5873
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5892
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5905
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5912
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5937
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5942
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5952
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5957
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5980
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6013
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6034
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-87\"></span>Rijksmuseum"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
+msgid "Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
msgid "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6035
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6063
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6071
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6083
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6094
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6116
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6136
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6178
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound "
"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
-"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6194
-msgid ""
+"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license "
"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they "
"want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available "
"to the public, but within limits the artists have specified."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6189
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6202
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6228
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6213
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: "
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6268
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-88\"></span>Shareable"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
+msgid "Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6263
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6265
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6308
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6321
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6333
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6345
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6358
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6385
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-89\"></span>Siyavula"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
+msgid "Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6424
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6444
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
"the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial criticisms of "
"the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and "
-"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this"
+"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this accomplishment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6475
-msgid "accomplishment."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6464
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6479
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6492
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6500
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6520
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6528
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6544
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6568
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6552
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6589
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6597
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6603
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6609
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6633
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6669
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6707
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-90\"></span>Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+msgid "Sparkfun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6696
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6715
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan "
"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6723
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6735
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6743
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6781
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6803
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6814
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6822
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6838
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6846
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6854
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6884
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-91\"></span>TeachAIDS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
+msgid "TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6874
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6876
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6887
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6898
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6926
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6930
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6957
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6970
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6984
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7001
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7029
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-92\"></span>Tribe of Noise"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
+msgid "Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7062
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7078
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7086
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7094
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7107
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7115
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7133
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7214
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7225
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the "
"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a "
"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in "
-"others with collecting societies like"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
-msgid "ASCAP or BMI."
+"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-93\"></span>Wikimedia Foundation"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+msgid "Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7278
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7282
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7316
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7336
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7349
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7360
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7393
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-94\"></span>Bibliography"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+msgid "Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7437
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7455
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7458
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7469
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7481
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a "
"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7525
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7555
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7584
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7588
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7599
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7643
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7655
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7671
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7677
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7696
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-95\"></span>Acknowledgments"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
+msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7689
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7700
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7747
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8100
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"Carlos Correa Loyola, Carlos Solis, Carmen Garcia Wiedenhoeft, Carol Long, "
"Carol marquardsen, Caroline Calomme, Caroline Mailloux, Carolyn Hinchliff, "
"Carolyn Rude, Carrie Cousins, Carrie Watkins, Casey Hunt, Casey Milford, "
-"Casey Powell Shorthouse, Cat Cooper, Cecilie Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile,"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7863
-msgid ""
+"Casey Powell Shorthouse, Cat Cooper, Cecilie Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile, "
"@ShrimpingIt, Celia Muller, Ces Keller, Chad Anderson, Charles Butler, "
"Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S. Tritt, "
"Charles Stanhope, Charlotte Ong-Wisener, Chealsye Bowley, Chelle Destefano, "
"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique "
"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, "
"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. "
-"Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7869
-msgid ""
-"Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen "
-"Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin "
-"Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena "
-"Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen "
-"Buecher, Ellen Kaye-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7900
-msgid ""
-"Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily "
-"Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric "
-"Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik "
-"Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest "
-"Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen "
-"Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio "
-"Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano "
-"Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand "
-"Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, "
-"fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian "
-"Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco "
-"Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, François Gros, François "
-"Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, "
-"Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, "
-"Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de "
-"Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, "
-"Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, "
-"George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil "
-"Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, "
-"Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, "
-"Graham Bird, Graham Freeman, Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham "
-"Smith-Gordon, Graham Vowles, Greg Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, "
-"Gregory Chevalley, Gregory Flynn, Grit Matthias, Gui Louback, Guillaume "
-"Rischard, Gustavo Vaz de Carvalho Gonçalves, Gustin Johnson, Gwen Franck, "
-"Gwilym Lucas, Haggen So, Håkon T Sønderland, Hamid Larbi, Hamish MacEwan, "
-"Hannes Leo, Hans Bickhofe, Hans de Raad, Hans Vd Horst, Harold van Ingen, "
-"Harold Watson, Harry Chapman, Harry Kaczka, Harry Torque, Hayden Glass, "
-"Hayley Rosenblum, Heather Leson, Helen Crisp, Helen"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
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-msgid ""
-"Michaud, Helen Qubain, Helle Rekdal Schønemann, Henrique Flach Latorre "
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-"Paar, Hillary Miller, Hironori Kuriaki, Holly Dykes, Holly Lyne, Hubert "
-"Gertis, Hugh Geenen, Humble Daisy, Hüppe Keith, Iain Davidson, Ian Capstick, "
-"Ian Johnson, Ian Upton, Icaro Ferracini, Igor Lesko, Imran Haider, Inma de "
-"la Torre, Iris Brest, Irwin Madriaga, Isaac Sandaljian, Isaiah Tanenbaum, "
-"Ivan F. Villanueva B., J P Cleverdon, Jaakko Tammela Jr, Jacek Darken "
-"Gołębiowski, Jack Hart, Jacky Hood, Jacob Dante Leffler, Jaime Perla, Jaime "
-"Woo, Jake Campbell, Jake Loeterman, Jakes Rawlinson, James Allenspach, James "
-"Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James "
+"Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C "
+"Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo "
+"Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, "
+"Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie "
+"Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli "
+"Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique "
+"Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric "
+"Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, "
+"Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan "
+"Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan "
+"Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton "
+"Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix "
+"Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe "
+"Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, "
+"Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot "
+"Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois "
+"Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, "
+"Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel "
+"Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, "
+"Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de "
+"Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George "
+"Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, "
+"Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, "
+"Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives "
+"Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, Graham Bird, Graham Freeman, "
+"Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-Gordon, Graham Vowles, Greg "
+"Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory Chevalley, Gregory Flynn, "
+"Grit Matthias, Gui Louback, Guillaume Rischard, Gustavo Vaz de Carvalho "
+"Gonçalves, Gustin Johnson, Gwen Franck, Gwilym Lucas, Haggen So, Håkon T "
+"Sønderland, Hamid Larbi, Hamish MacEwan, Hannes Leo, Hans Bickhofe, Hans de "
+"Raad, Hans Vd Horst, Harold van Ingen, Harold Watson, Harry Chapman, Harry "
+"Kaczka, Harry Torque, Hayden Glass, Hayley Rosenblum, Heather Leson, Helen "
+"Crisp, Helen Michaud, Helen Qubain, Helle Rekdal Schønemann, Henrique Flach "
+"Latorre Moreno, Henry Finn, Henry Kaiser, Henry Lahore, Henry Steingieser, "
+"Hermann Paar, Hillary Miller, Hironori Kuriaki, Holly Dykes, Holly Lyne, "
+"Hubert Gertis, Hugh Geenen, Humble Daisy, Hüppe Keith, Iain Davidson, Ian "
+"Capstick, Ian Johnson, Ian Upton, Icaro Ferracini, Igor Lesko, Imran Haider, "
+"Inma de la Torre, Iris Brest, Irwin Madriaga, Isaac Sandaljian, Isaiah "
+"Tanenbaum, Ivan F. Villanueva B., J P Cleverdon, Jaakko Tammela Jr, Jacek "
+"Darken Gołębiowski, Jack Hart, Jacky Hood, Jacob Dante Leffler, Jaime Perla, "
+"Jaime Woo, Jake Campbell, Jake Loeterman, Jakes Rawlinson, James Allenspach, "
+"James Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James "
"Tyler, Jamie Finlay, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jan E Ellison, Jan Gondol, "
"Jan Sepp, Jan Zuppinger, Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, "
"Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason "
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-06-19 14:24-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-25 23:26-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-07-19 10:02+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere-weblate@hungry.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/nb/>\n"
+"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/"
+"madewithcc/translation/nb/>\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Made"
+msgid "Made"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>with"
+msgid "with"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
+msgid "Creative"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
+msgid "Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
msgid ""
-"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
-"BY-SA), version 4.0."
+"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
+"SA), version 4.0."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction "
-"journalism. . . The way that I think about these things, and in terms of "
-"what I can do is. . . essays like this are occasions to watch somebody "
-"reasonably bright but also reasonably average pay far closer attention and "
-"think at far more length about all sorts of different stuff than most of us "
-"have a chance to in our daily lives.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:74
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-5\"></span>"
+"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
+"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
+"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
+"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
+"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
+"lives.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:76
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-6\"></span>- David Foster Wallace"
+msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:78
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Foreword"
+msgid "Foreword"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, "
"she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her "
"sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our "
-"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, "
-"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating "
-"more."
+"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-"
+"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
-"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC "
-"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
+"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-"
+"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
"itself, an example of an open business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:223
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-8\"></span>Introduction"
+msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral "
-"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and "
-"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the "
-"literature."
+"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—"
+"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote "
+"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:258
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
-"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something "
-"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and "
-"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with "
-"Creative Commons is not “business as usual.”"
+"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
+"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural "
+"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative "
+"Commons is not “business as usual.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
-"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main "
-"parts."
+"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:286
msgid ""
-"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by "
-"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, "
-"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared "
-"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking "
-"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing "
-"and enlarging the digital commons."
+"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
+"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
+"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the "
+"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market "
+"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section "
"outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed "
"bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their "
-"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they "
-"share."
+"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-9\"></span>Part 1"
+msgid "Part 1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:322
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-10\"></span>The Big Picture"
+msgid "The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:324
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-11\"></span>The New"
+msgid "The New"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-12\"></span>World of"
+msgid "World of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-13\"></span>Digital"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:330
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-14\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "Digital"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:340
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
-"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
-"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the "
-"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the "
-"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are "
-"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
+"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
+"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of "
+"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are "
+"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
+"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with "
-"commoning. Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social "
-"practice of commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a "
-"community of users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that "
-"balance the costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the "
-"community. Special regard is given to equitable access, use, and "
-"sustainability."
+"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. "
+"Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of "
+"commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of "
+"users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the "
+"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special "
+"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-15\"></span>The Commons, the Market, and the State"
+msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:411
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-16\"></span>The Four Aspects of a Resource"
+msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-17\"></span>Characteristics"
+msgid "Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:432
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
-"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human "
-"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or "
-"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
+"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
+"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, "
+"which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not "
-"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially "
-"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and "
-"abundant."
+"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
+"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-18\"></span>People and processes"
+msgid "People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-19\"></span>Norms and rules"
+msgid "Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-20\"></span>Goals"
+msgid "Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-21\"></span>A Short History of the Commons"
+msgid "A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:580
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
-"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the "
-"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of "
-"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
+"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
+"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the "
+"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
"history."
msgstr ""
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
-"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to "
-"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources "
-"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies "
-"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money "
-"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws "
-"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and "
-"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a "
-"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how "
-"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed."
+"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
+"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became "
+"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved "
+"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating "
+"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were "
+"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over "
+"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of "
+"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is "
+"the primary means by which resources are managed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to "
"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then "
-"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support "
-"anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
+"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. "
+"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:639
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
-"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
-"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work "
-"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that "
-"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities "
-"without any regulation by central authorities or without "
-"privatization. Government and privatization are not the only two "
-"choices. There is a third way: management by the people, where those that "
-"are directly impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there "
-"is a regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with "
-"the natural resource, have the most direct relationship and history with it, "
-"and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the "
-"governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized the "
-"importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state for "
-"solving problems of collective action.14"
+"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
+"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying "
+"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural "
+"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without "
+"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government "
+"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: "
+"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are "
+"directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The "
+"people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have "
+"the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best "
+"situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural "
+"resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the "
+"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of "
+"collective action.14"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:649
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
-"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure "
-"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
+"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
+"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
"found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and "
"encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help "
"people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-22\"></span>The Digital Revolution"
+msgid "The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, "
"books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily "
"created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for "
-"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright "
-"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by "
-"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
+"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. "
+"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law "
+"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
"permission."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:722
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-23\"></span>The Birth of Creative Commons"
-msgstr ""
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons"
+msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:729
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:743
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
-"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by "
-"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and "
-"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
+"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
+"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are "
+"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
"permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly "
"understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer "
"beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, "
"participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social "
-"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative "
-"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant "
-"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange "
-"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
+"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. "
+"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits "
+"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a "
+"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
"software movement."
msgstr ""
"platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to "
"citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to "
"seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working "
-"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government "
-"reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure "
-"works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid "
-"for them."
+"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. "
+"Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works "
+"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for "
+"them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-24\"></span>The Changing Market"
+msgid "The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where "
-"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. "
-"Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly "
-"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital "
-"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything "
-"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
+"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-"
+"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but "
+"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are "
+"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
+"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the "
"commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being "
"digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many "
-"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common "
-"goal. They aim for abundance over scarcity."
+"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
+"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are "
"benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business "
"goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, "
-"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, "
-"worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational "
-"forms offer alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these "
-"alternative market entities are changing the rules and norms of the "
-"market.32"
+"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-"
+"owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer "
+"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative "
+"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
-"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the "
-"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a "
-"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and "
-"commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or "
-"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with "
-"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been "
-"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a "
-"predefined model."
+"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-"
+"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business "
+"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons "
+"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting "
+"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative "
+"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
+"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but "
-"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, patrons "
-". . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn revenue "
-"available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to Bring In "
-"Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and each "
-"endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one "
-"way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to "
-"sustainability."
+"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, "
+"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn "
+"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to "
+"Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and "
+"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more "
+"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
+"paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-25\"></span>Benefits of the Digital Commons"
+msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:937
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
-"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before "
-"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front "
-"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no "
-"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM "
-"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to "
-"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way "
-"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and "
-"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
+"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
+"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without "
+"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of "
+"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees "
+"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage "
+"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the "
+"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes "
+"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1002
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-26\"></span>Our Case Studies"
+msgid "Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set "
"of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more "
"than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are "
-"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are "
-"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. "
-"Develop trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be "
-"transparent. Defend the commons."
+"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. "
+"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; "
+"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1064 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2290
msgid "Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
-msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
-"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, "
-"eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg "
-"(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
+"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
" City of Bologna,\n"
-" 2014), "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
+" 2014), www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
" Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
" at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
"35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n"
" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online\n"
-" at "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
+" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
" You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n"
" Questions\n"
-" at "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
+" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
"36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n"
" post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available\n"
-" at "
-"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
+" at medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1166
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-27\"></span>How"
+msgid "How"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-28\"></span>to Be"
+msgid "to Be"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-29\"></span>Made with"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-30\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-31\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "Made with"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative "
"work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
"endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a "
-"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of "
-"it."
+"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want "
-"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could "
-"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to "
-"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business "
-"lens."
+"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. "
+"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book "
+"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those "
"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot "
"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It "
-"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and "
-"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
+"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. "
+"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going "
"day to day.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1374
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-32\"></span>Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
+msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of "
"zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It "
"simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on "
-"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the "
-"work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” "
-"prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
+"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. "
+"If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting "
+"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
"counterproductive."
msgstr ""
"playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your "
"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money "
"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they "
-"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing "
-"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain "
-"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
+"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-"
+"resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and "
+"making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared "
"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from "
"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1479
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-33\"></span>Use CC to grow a larger audience"
+msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
-"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are "
-"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
+"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
+"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
"proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to "
"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
-"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon "
-"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following "
-"your work spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because "
-"we simply have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because "
-"a large following is at least a partial indicator of quality or "
-"usefulness.18"
+"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
+"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work "
+"spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply "
+"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large "
+"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1519
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-34\"></span>Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
+msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1534
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
-"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the "
-"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public "
-"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities "
-"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, "
-"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most "
-"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the "
-"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, "
-"within both the marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect "
-"a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of "
-"circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is "
-"particularly the case for something as straightforward and consistent with "
-"basic notions of fairness as providing credit."
+"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
+"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does "
+"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give "
+"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social "
+"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate "
+"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms "
+"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the "
+"marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes "
+"on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people "
+"are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case "
+"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of "
+"fairness as providing credit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based "
"on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge "
-"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of "
-"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around "
-"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
+"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-"
+"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the "
+"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
"license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the "
"most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having "
"the most people see and cite your work."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1565
msgid ""
-"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its "
-"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to "
-"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing "
-"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a "
-"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted "
-"information source is more valuable than ever."
+"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
+"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
+"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a "
+"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online "
+"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source "
+"is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-35\"></span>Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
+msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of "
"catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical "
"goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more "
-"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the "
-"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), "
-"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version "
-"people bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
+"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. "
+"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free "
+"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
+"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-36\"></span>Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your "
-"work"
+msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, "
"transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, "
"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the "
-"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than "
-"others. With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the "
-"content is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the "
-"ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. "
+"With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content "
+"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to "
+"adapt a photo is less important."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1640
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
-"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their "
-"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive "
-"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence "
-"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is "
-"part of the event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more "
-"deeply tied to your work."
+"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
+"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, "
+"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as "
+"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the "
+"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied "
+"to your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1642
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-37\"></span>Use CC to differentiate yourself"
+msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-38\"></span>Making Money"
+msgid "Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-39\"></span>Market-based revenue streams"
+msgid "Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-40\"></span>Providing a custom service to consumers of "
-"your work * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 "
"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services "
-"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” "
-"Mann."
+"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1750
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-41\"></span>Charging for the physical copy * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-42\"></span>Charging for the in-person version * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face "
-"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the "
-"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
+"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-"
+"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1784
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-43\"></span>Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the "
"offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a "
"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 "
-"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay "
-"for—there are other services you can provide as well."
+"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—"
+"there are other services you can provide as well."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-44\"></span>Charging advertisers or sponsors * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the "
"number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become "
"essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
-"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative "
-"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser "
-"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the "
-"overall endeavor."
+"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. "
+"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be "
+"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall "
+"endeavor."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-45\"></span>Charging your content creators * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
-"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by "
-"others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing "
-"charge” of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library "
-"of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
+"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. "
+"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” "
+"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of "
+"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have "
"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation "
"website."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-46\"></span>Charging a transaction fee * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
-"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through "
-"CC-licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue "
-"when creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other "
-"platforms make money when service providers transact with their customers; "
-"for example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a "
-"maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
+"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-"
+"licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when "
+"creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms "
+"make money when service providers transact with their customers; for "
+"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker "
+"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1843
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-47\"></span>Providing a service to your creators* "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-48\"></span>Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-49\"></span>Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
+msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1892
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-50\"></span>Memberships and individual donations "
-"*\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1907
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-51\"></span>The pay-what-you-want model "
-"*\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
-"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open "
-"content. Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something "
-"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as "
-"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are "
-"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, "
-"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
+"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. "
+"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are "
+"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of "
+"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally "
+"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in "
+"situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1919
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-52\"></span>Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply "
"wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this "
-"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the "
-"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of "
-"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building "
-"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art "
-"of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
+"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. "
+"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her "
+"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her "
+"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of "
+"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, "
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1941
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
-"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major "
-"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
+"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
+"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
"definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets "
"tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and "
"to the idea of open access generally."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1943
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-53\"></span>Making Human Connections"
+msgid "Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into "
"what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I "
-"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative "
-"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright "
-"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of "
-"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
+"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. "
+"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in "
+"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
+"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1999
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-54\"></span>Be human"
+msgid "Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
-"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with "
-"them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone "
-"is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are "
-"a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
+"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. "
+"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is "
+"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a "
+"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the "
"glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful "
"way."
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make "
"the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are "
-"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In "
-"business-speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the "
-"public.44 But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-"
+"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But "
+"it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2039
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-55\"></span>Be open and accountable"
+msgid "Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2053
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
-"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to "
-"lowest-common-denominator solutions and"
+"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
+"denominator solutions and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through "
"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse "
"than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get it right, it "
-"can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors "
-"excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you "
-"do."
+"can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors excel. "
+"And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2065
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-56\"></span>Design for the good actors"
+msgid "Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2087
msgid ""
-"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a "
-"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that "
-"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
+"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
+"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
+"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better "
"than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that "
"people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, "
"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to "
"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any "
"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and "
-"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that "
-"people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most "
-"often, they do."
+"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—"
+"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, "
+"they do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2099
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-57\"></span>Treat humans like, well, humans"
+msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
msgid ""
-"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like "
-"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even "
-"if you happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you "
-"are better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, "
-"too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends "
-"him. Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to "
-"communicate with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she "
-"talks.54"
+"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
+"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
+"happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are "
+"better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. "
+"Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. "
+"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate "
+"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2125
msgid ""
-"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in "
-"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too "
-"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
+"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
+"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
+"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
"customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors "
"are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important "
"to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-58\"></span>State your principles and stick to them"
+msgid "State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2154
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-59\"></span>Build a community"
+msgid "Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people "
"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 "
"To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically "
-"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to "
-"like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by"
+"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-"
+"minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
-"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their "
-"own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group "
-"(which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), "
-"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona "
-"fides.”61 Building true community requires giving people within the "
-"community the power to create or influence the rules that govern the "
-"community.62 If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, "
-"people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to "
-"disengagement."
+"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. "
+"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which "
+"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable "
+"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building "
+"true community requires giving people within the community the power to "
+"create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are "
+"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a "
+"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2196
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-60\"></span>Give more to the commons than you take"
+msgid "Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-61\"></span>Involve people in what you do"
+msgid "Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they "
"invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional "
"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for "
-"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the "
-"picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and "
-"involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to "
-"input was the writing, the music itself.”71"
+"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. "
+"Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement "
+"with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was "
+"the writing, the music itself.”71"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in "
"your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and "
"information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) "
-"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something "
-"plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
+"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—"
+"and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
-"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the "
-"project. Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be "
-"Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what "
-"they do. The goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from "
-"thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition "
-"them into active participants.75"
+"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. "
+"Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but "
+"every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The "
+"goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of "
+"consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into "
+"active participants.75"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-62\"></span>The"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-63\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-64\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-65\"></span>Licenses"
+msgid "Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
-"minimum, a CC-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
-msgid ""
-"licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form for "
-"noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
+"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
+"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set "
"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic "
"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
-"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses "
-"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed "
-"materials."
+"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. "
+"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2457
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
-"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with "
-"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the "
-"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both "
-"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the "
-"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they "
-"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing."
+"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other "
+"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain "
+"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content "
+"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code "
+"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their "
+"involvement with and commitment to sharing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make "
"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
"commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a "
-"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC "
-"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you "
-"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film "
-"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length "
-"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
+"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-"
+"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply "
+"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company "
+"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or "
+"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant "
-"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to "
-"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you "
-"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs "
-"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative "
-"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial "
-"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the "
-"dream of having a major record label discover their work."
+"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. "
+"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in "
+"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license "
+"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The "
+"music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were "
+"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having "
+"a major record label discover their work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-66\"></span>Note"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
+msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2516
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-67\"></span>Part 2"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515
+msgid "Part 2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2518
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-68\"></span>The Case Studies"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2517
+msgid "The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2525
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-69\"></span>Arduino"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
+msgid "Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2545 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2549 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3797 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4038 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4276 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6441 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7070
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2560
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2568
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2575
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584
msgid ""
-"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design "
-"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work "
-"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would "
-"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about "
-"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source "
-"product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
-msgid "product.”"
+"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
+"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
+"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive "
+"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open "
+"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product "
+"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2598
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2610
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2623
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2630
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2636
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
-"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still "
-"apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an "
-"open-source way can only help you.”"
+"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. "
+"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-"
+"source way can only help you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2646
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2656
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2665
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2676
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says "
-"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does "
-"matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino "
-"team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by "
-"conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the "
-"platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant "
-"to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from "
-"there."
+"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—"
+"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had "
+"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting "
+"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make "
+"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and "
+"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2686
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
-"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial "
-"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s "
-"revenue-generating model."
+"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. "
+"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-"
+"generating model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2701
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2714
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up "
"certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the "
-"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is "
-"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open "
-"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send "
-"In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
+"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. "
+"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing "
+"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the "
+"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played "
"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, "
"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2720
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2734 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6029 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-70\"></span>Ártica"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+msgid "Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2903 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3058 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4520 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5611 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6282 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6720 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6898 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7270
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
-"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
-"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both "
-"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for "
-"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology "
-"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
+"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
+"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were "
+"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts "
+"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and "
+"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
"Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people "
"and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2779
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now "
-"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each "
-"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students "
-"and offer classes on more specialized topics."
+"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. "
+"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer "
+"classes on more specialized topics."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2801
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2807
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2821
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2827
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2836
msgid ""
-"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
-"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
-"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find "
-"inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a "
-"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge "
-"said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple "
-"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, "
-"like a course or a book.”"
+"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
+"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
+"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. "
+"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, "
+"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first "
+"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can "
+"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2865
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2873
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2879
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-71\"></span>Blender Institute"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
+msgid "Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2910
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2919
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2925
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2937
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2945
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2968
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign "
"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible "
-"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he "
-"said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
+"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. "
+"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2974
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
-"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on "
-"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale "
-"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized "
-"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it "
-"needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film "
-"projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many "
-"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget "
-"constraints.”"
+"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. "
+"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the "
+"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but "
+"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on "
+"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the "
+"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with "
+"us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2993
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3019
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3031
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
-"the software and the content produced with the software free and "
-"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
+"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. "
+"Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-72\"></span>Cards Against Humanity"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
+msgid "Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3069
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
-"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
-"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit "
-"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards "
-"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right "
-"kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
+"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
+"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their "
+"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are "
+"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind "
+"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3080
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
-"download, the"
+"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
+"cult following."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3093
-msgid "openness to fans remixing the game—give"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3095
-msgid "the game a massive cult following."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
-"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
-"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
-"make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
+"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
+"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
+"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
-"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with "
-"it. People totally caught the joke.”"
+"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
+"People totally caught the joke.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3139
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3154
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3150
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3166
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3196
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3203
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-73\"></span>The Conversation"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+msgid "The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
-"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
-"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia."
+"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
+"Founded in 2011 in Australia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3239
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the "
-"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce "
-"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism "
-"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative "
-"model."
+"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. "
+"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t "
+"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3245
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3263
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These "
"were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the "
-"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in "
-"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, "
-"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what "
-"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was "
-"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass "
-"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and "
-"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of "
-"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a "
-"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower "
-"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, "
-"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an "
-"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to "
-"the wider public."
+"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. "
+"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists "
+"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a "
+"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or "
+"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want "
+"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect "
+"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, "
+"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—"
+"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal "
+"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but "
+"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good "
+"at presenting their expertise to the wider public."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3274
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic "
"into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
"difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a "
-"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is "
-"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes "
-"and writing whatever they want."
+"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. "
+"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing "
+"whatever they want."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3285
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3298
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
-"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
-"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better "
-"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better "
-"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of "
-"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is "
-"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based "
-"information."
+"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
+"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of "
+"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public "
+"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information "
+"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide "
+"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3307
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3318
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
-"Attribution-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
-msgid ""
-"NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for others to "
-"republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the content is not "
-"edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites have "
-"republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 million "
-"unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-five "
-"million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative Commons "
-"license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to everything the "
-"Conversation does."
+"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
+"others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the "
+"content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites "
+"have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 "
+"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-"
+"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative "
+"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to "
+"everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3325
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3333
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3355
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3373
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5785 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-74\"></span>Cory Doctorow"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
+msgid "Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3398
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
-"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he "
-"said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing "
-"this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
+"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. "
+"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this "
+"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
"important thing I know how to do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about "
"technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several "
"nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be "
-"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet "
-"age."
+"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3421
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3436
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3447
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3455
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3463
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3480
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3487
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3500
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3525
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3534
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
-"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
-"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a "
-"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of "
-"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He "
-"calls it Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that "
-"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your "
-"benefit.”"
+"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
+"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular "
+"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over "
+"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it "
+"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to "
+"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3552
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3561
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-75\"></span>Figshare"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
+msgid "Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of "
-"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and "
-"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
+"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code"
+"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
"is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does "
"not allow."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3599
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3624
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
-"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
-"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
-"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s "
-"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets "
-"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
+"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
+"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
+"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with "
+"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY "
+"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
-"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
-"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the "
-"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too."
+"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
+"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he "
+"opened it up for them to use, too."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3647
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3642
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3648
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3658
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3680
-msgid ""
-"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
-"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
-"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the "
-"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having "
-"to develop this functionality as part of their own "
-"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the "
-"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to "
-"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3678
msgid ""
-"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including "
-"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has "
-"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
+"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
+"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
+"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. "
+"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop "
+"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data "
+"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-"
+"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. "
+"Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of "
+"publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, "
+"to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for "
+"the data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3686
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3694
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3705
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3713
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3720
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
-"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
-"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the "
-"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United "
-"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to "
-"be pulled into an app developed by a completely different researcher that "
-"converts the data into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can "
-"alter by changing any of the variables.2"
+"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
+"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal "
+"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid "
+"to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into "
+"an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data "
+"into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing "
+"any of the variables.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an "
-"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and "
-"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
+"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-"
+"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
"presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what "
"license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option "
"of using Creative Commons licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3749
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of "
"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied "
"solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would "
-"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were "
-"early-career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders "
-"mandated open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
+"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-"
+"career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated "
+"open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3756
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping "
-"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the "
-"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark "
-"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If "
-"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a "
-"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key "
-"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting "
-"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new "
-"discoveries."
+"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—"
+"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees "
+"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was "
+"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. "
+"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. "
+"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to "
+"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
-msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+msgid ""
+"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
+"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
-msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+msgid ""
+"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
+"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-76\"></span>Figure.NZ"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+msgid "Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
-"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
-"Zealand."
+"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3808
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
"said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available "
"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this "
"meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that "
-"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that "
-"matter—not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, "
-"their businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
+"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—"
+"not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their "
+"businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
"availability and accessibility of information. Data is spread across "
"thousands of sites and is held within databases and spreadsheets that "
"require both time and skill to engage with. To use data when making a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3829
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3844
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3858
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3869
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
"perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds "
"of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to "
"collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and "
-"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision "
-"making. Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes "
-"that it is underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ "
-"is focused on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money "
-"allocated to collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful "
-"and generates value. If the government wants citizens to understand why "
-"certain decisions are being made and to be more aware about what the "
-"government is doing, why not transform the data it collects into easily "
-"understood visuals? It could even become a way for a government or any "
-"organization to differentiate, market, and brand itself."
+"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. "
+"Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is "
+"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused "
+"on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to "
+"collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates "
+"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions "
+"are being made and to be more aware about what the government is doing, why "
+"not transform the data it collects into easily understood visuals? It could "
+"even become a way for a government or any organization to differentiate, "
+"market, and brand itself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3904
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3915
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
-"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those "
-"areas. Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
+"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
+"Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3940
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3949
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
"environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, "
"tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and "
"graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or "
-"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for "
-"them. Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
+"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. "
+"Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3961
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can "
"you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond "
"quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would "
-"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on "
-"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for "
-"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are "
-"interested in."
+"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure."
+"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be "
+"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3977
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3987
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4001
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
-"the “network effect”—"
+"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and "
+"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making "
+"the network effect possible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
+#. type: Bullet: '1. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid ""
-"users dramatically increasing value for themselves and for others through "
-"use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making the network effect "
-"possible."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
-msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
+"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
-msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
+msgid ""
+"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
+"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-77\"></span>Knowledge Unlatched"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+msgid "Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
"the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to "
-"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly-"
+"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system "
+"is not working for anyone, and especially not for monographs in the "
+"humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to changing "
+"this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable alternative "
+"model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of making monographs "
+"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long "
+"term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has received several awards, "
+"including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 and a Curtin University "
+"Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in Education in 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
-msgid ""
-"book-publishing system is not working for anyone, and especially not for "
-"monographs in the humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is "
-"committed to changing this and has been working with libraries to create a "
-"sustainable alternative model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the "
-"cost of making monographs (released under a Creative Commons license) and "
-"savings costs over the long term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has "
-"received several awards, including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 "
-"and a Curtin University Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in "
-"Education in 2015."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4055
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4069
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by "
-"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license "
-"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or "
-"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest "
-"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be "
-"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no "
-"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to "
-"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print "
-"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances "
-"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts "
-"as a marketing vehicle for the print format."
+"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-"
+"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-"
+"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is "
+"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the "
+"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the "
+"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, "
+"Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books were 10 to "
+"20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the "
+"Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for "
+"the print format."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4076
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4083
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the "
"first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed "
-"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and "
-"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
+"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-"
+"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4090
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
-"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a "
-"“book-processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an "
-"open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
+"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-"
+"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access "
+"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4099
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4102
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4137
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4147
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
"size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small "
"packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, "
-"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per "
-"package. Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least "
-"six of the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book "
-"was just under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten "
-"months. It started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having "
-"a library task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, "
-"getting the libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, "
-"unlatching."
+"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. "
+"Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of "
+"the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just "
+"under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It "
+"started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having a library "
+"task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, getting the "
+"libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4165
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
-"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 "
-"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in "
-"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three "
-"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the "
-"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second "
-"round, it took one month to get twenty-six."
+"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
+"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past "
+"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That "
+"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, "
+"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it "
+"took one month to get twenty-six."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4198
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4207
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4224
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4236
msgid ""
-"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
-"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
-"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service "
-"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans "
-"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs "
-"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, "
-"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and "
-"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books."
+"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
+"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
+"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that "
+"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up "
+"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are "
+"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched "
+"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include "
+"unlatching journals and older books."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-78\"></span>Lumen Learning"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
+msgid "Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4288
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
-"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
-"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making "
-"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational "
-"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called "
-"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open "
-"general-education courses across eight colleges predominantly serving "
-"at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and "
-"collaborate to improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim "
-"exceeded those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, "
-"decreased to zero dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 "
-"to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round of "
-"funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in and "
-"benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see "
-"the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought "
-"further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them "
-"to define a plan to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That "
-"is when they decided to create Lumen Learning."
+"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
+"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
+"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more "
+"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, "
+"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope "
+"Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education "
+"courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with "
+"goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the "
+"courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the "
+"cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero "
+"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when "
+"compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of "
+"more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this "
+"project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this "
+"initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan "
+"to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they "
+"decided to create Lumen Learning."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
-"for-"
+"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
+"education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking "
+"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in "
+"certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way "
+"that change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t "
+"a lot of flexibility to do so."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
-msgid ""
-"profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the education "
-"sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking grants from "
-"philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in certain "
-"ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way that "
-"change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t a lot "
-"of flexibility to do so."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4323
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and "
"offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead "
-"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf "
-"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good "
-"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving "
-"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they "
-"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in "
-"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and "
-"universities—"
+"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. "
+"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing "
+"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged "
+"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what "
+"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is "
+"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4338
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4344
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who "
-"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled "
-"student."
+"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4357
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4372
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not "
"put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in "
"technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights "
-"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a "
-"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has "
-"generated immense goodwill in the community."
+"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-"
+"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense "
+"goodwill in the community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4391
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4397
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
-"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the "
-"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students "
-"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the "
-"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up "
-"at the end of each page."
+"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the "
+"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a "
+"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and "
+"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of "
+"each page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4414
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
"grant funders. People in their network generously increase the visibility of "
"Lumen through presentations, word of mouth, and referrals. Sometimes the "
-"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424
-msgid "capacity."
+"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales capacity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4425
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the "
"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
-"the Virginia community college system, which is building out "
-"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar "
-"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its "
-"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on "
-"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number "
-"of students."
+"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. "
+"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-"
+"level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where "
+"there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, "
+"they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4433
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4442
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
"Why should you invest in creating something that people will be reluctant to "
"pay for? How do you ensure that the investment the diverse education "
"community makes in OER is not exploited? Lumen thinks we all need to be "
-"clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
-msgid "community."
+"clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open "
+"community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4481
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
-"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
-"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up "
-"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, "
-"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted "
-"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 "
-"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with "
-"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding "
-"with revenue."
+"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
+"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the "
+"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment "
+"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant "
+"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. "
+"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-79\"></span>Jonathan Mann"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
+msgid "Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4519
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4533
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4541
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since "
"he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired "
-"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that "
-"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
+"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. "
+"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
"least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are "
"extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend "
"announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4576
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
"wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to "
"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your "
"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” "
-"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of "
-"time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
+"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. "
+"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4590
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4598
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
-"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he "
-"said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they "
-"need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other "
-"artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom "
-"songs for clients."
+"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. "
+"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and "
+"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes "
+"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for "
+"clients."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4608
msgid ""
-"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
-"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
-"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
+"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
+"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
+"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the "
"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired "
"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4630
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
"really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his "
"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged "
"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung "
-"about"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
-msgid ""
-"or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
+"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4628
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
"business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a songwriter, and "
-"he has found a way to keep it interesting for"
+"he has found a way to keep it interesting for himself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
-msgid "himself."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
msgid ""
-"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
-"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
-"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely "
-"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can "
-"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work "
-"is a living embodiment of these principles."
+"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
+"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
+"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes "
+"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the "
+"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living "
+"embodiment of these principles."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4677
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-80\"></span>Noun Project"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+msgid "Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4716
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4724
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
-"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
-"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its "
-"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback "
-"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the "
-"relationship they have with their global community of designers."
+"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
+"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. "
+"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they "
+"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they "
+"have with their global community of designers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4741
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4768
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
"users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many "
"similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one "
"they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby "
-"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly "
-"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says "
-"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good "
-"for the platform."
+"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. "
+"This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this "
+"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for "
+"the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
"from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would "
"be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly "
-"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of "
-"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons "
-"without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for "
-"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how "
-"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require "
-"you to purchase the API Pro version."
+"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. "
+"Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without "
+"giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. "
+"You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it "
+"integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you "
+"to purchase the API Pro version."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4783
msgid ""
-"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
-"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
+"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
+"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"percent to Noun Project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
-"building trust is the top"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
-msgid "priority."
+"building trust is the top priority."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4803
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4821
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4833
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
-"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and "
-"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
+"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. "
+"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4846
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
-msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+msgid ""
+"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
+"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-81\"></span>Open Data Institute"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+msgid "Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
-"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
+"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
+"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are "
"central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY "
"(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
msgid ""
-"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
-"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
-"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local "
-"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and "
-"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data "
-"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can "
-"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target "
-"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better "
-"understanding what is happening around them."
+"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
+"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
+"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing "
+"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but "
+"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a "
+"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help "
+"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It "
+"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is "
+"happening around them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4951
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on "
-"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an "
-"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into "
-"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, "
-"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
+"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-"
+"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two "
+"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and "
+"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
"members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the "
"benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members "
"are listed on their website.)2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4974
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
"has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is "
"one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier "
"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay "
-"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” "
-"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so "
-"they can attend as a form of professional development."
+"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-"
+"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can "
+"attend as a form of professional development."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
-"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
-"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
-"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of "
-"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills "
-"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The "
-"training tends to generate high interest and commitment."
+"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
+"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
+"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data "
+"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by "
+"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training "
+"tends to generate high interest and commitment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5013
-msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4999
+msgid ""
+"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5022
msgid ""
-"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
-"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
-"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s "
-"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic "
-"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international "
-"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
+"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
+"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
+"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data "
+"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were "
+"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which "
+"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set "
"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
"deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and "
-"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the "
-"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI "
-"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the "
-"brand."
+"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. "
+"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes "
+"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is "
-"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with "
-"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open "
-"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that "
-"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not "
-"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have "
-"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
+"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. "
+"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is "
+"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is "
+"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely "
+"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI "
+"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
"people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they "
"use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish "
-"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they "
-"offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
+"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. "
+"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5080
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
-msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
+msgid ""
+"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+msgid ""
+"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
+"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+msgid ""
+"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-82\"></span>OpenDesk"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+msgid "OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5125 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring "
"digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to "
-"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical "
-"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also "
-"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the "
-"goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an open "
-"license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start "
-"of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project "
-"dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the "
-"same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with "
-"Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
+"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. "
+"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. "
+"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They "
+"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it "
+"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for "
+"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
+"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The "
+"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a "
+"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5143
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
-"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing "
-"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of "
-"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital "
-"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still "
-"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the "
-"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons."
+"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. "
+"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design "
+"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing "
+"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold "
+"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel "
+"and settled on using Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5169
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5174
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5179
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5202
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s "
"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
-"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a "
-"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that "
-"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the "
-"design file."
+"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-"
+"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes "
+"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5200
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
-"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
-"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own "
-"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
+"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
+"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this "
+"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5227
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5236
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
"Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting "
"in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk "
"file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk "
-"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of "
-"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost "
-"and are typically apportioned as follows:"
+"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. "
+"Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and "
+"are typically apportioned as follows:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5276
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5302
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
-"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in "
-"people."
+"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5354
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-83\"></span>OpenStax"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+msgid "OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5358
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
-"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
-"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
+"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
+"Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5366
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
-"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, "
-"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, "
-"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and "
-"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and "
-"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s "
-"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with "
-"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
+"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. "
+"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. "
+"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely "
+"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, "
+"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of "
+"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and "
+"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5414
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5424
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
-"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
-"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora "
-"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and "
-"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield "
-"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To "
-"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going "
-"to require philanthropic investment."
+"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
+"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, "
+"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, "
+"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. "
+"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and "
+"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic "
+"investment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5442
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5450
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
-"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to "
-"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the "
-"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has "
-"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to "
-"Sociology 2e, using these funds."
+"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. "
+"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they "
+"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already "
+"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, "
+"using these funds."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
msgid ""
-"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
-"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
-"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting "
-"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no "
-"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still "
-"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving "
-"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax "
-"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their "
-"materials."
+"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
+"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
+"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what "
+"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide "
+"their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. "
+"OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through "
+"free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners "
+"are out there showcasing their materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5466
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5475
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. "
"Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and "
"use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break "
-"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns "
-"policy. This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles "
-"is virtually a hundred percent."
+"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. "
+"This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is "
+"virtually a hundred percent."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5493
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in "
-"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted "
-"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that "
-"is reasonable."
+"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. "
+"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is "
+"reasonable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5519
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5528
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
-"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
-"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author "
-"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is "
-"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of "
-"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them "
-"and they earn all the money up front."
+"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
+"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might "
+"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only "
+"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all "
+"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and "
+"they earn all the money up front."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5536
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole "
-"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on "
-"partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By "
-"enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic "
-"freedom."
+"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. "
+"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling "
+"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5545
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
-msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+msgid ""
+"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-84\"></span>Amanda Palmer"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+msgid "Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5626
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5635
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5659
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5645
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5655
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used "
"to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music "
"for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it "
-"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a "
-"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
+"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-"
+"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone "
-"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda "
-"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an "
-"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing "
-"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a "
-"natural fit."
+"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. "
+"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy "
+"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what "
+"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural "
+"fit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5677
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5685
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in "
"the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, "
"engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component "
-"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to "
-"listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” "
-"Amanda wrote."
+"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. "
+"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5711
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5719
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not "
-"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it "
-"differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t "
-"joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is "
-"joyful to you.”"
+"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. "
+"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to "
+"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to "
+"you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5753
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
-"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a "
-"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that "
-"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her "
-"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than "
-"forcing people to help her, she lets them."
+"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. "
+"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from "
+"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other "
+"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to "
+"help her, she lets them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5787
-msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+msgid ""
+"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
+"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
+"\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5789
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-85\"></span>PLOS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+msgid "PLOS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-86\"></span>(Public Library of Science)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+msgid "(Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
-"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
-"U.S."
+"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
+"S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5790
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael "
"announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to "
"do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the "
-"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new "
-"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released "
-"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
+"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-"
+"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under "
+"Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5814
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5824
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5834
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5853
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, "
"genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, "
-"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to "
-"\\$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in "
-"2006, are just under \\$1,500."
+"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-"
+"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under "
+"\\$1,500."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5858
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
-"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing "
-"charges."
+"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5873
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on "
"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
"open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the "
-"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon "
-"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on "
-"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS "
-"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly "
-"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this "
-"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication."
+"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. "
+"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to "
+"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better "
+"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research "
+"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors "
+"to submit their work for publication."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880
msgid ""
-"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
-"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
-"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
+"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
+"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
+"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
"this aligns with how they think research content should be published and "
"disseminated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5892
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5905
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5912
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5937
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5942
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5952
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5957
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5980
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6013
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6034
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-87\"></span>Rijksmuseum"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
+msgid "Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
-msgid "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6035
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6063
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6071
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6083
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6094
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6116
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
-"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
-"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define "
-"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each "
-"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high "
-"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the "
-"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their "
-"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection "
-"online."
+"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
+"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete "
+"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This "
+"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from "
+"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started "
+"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with "
+"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129
msgid ""
-"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
-"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
-"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a "
-"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more "
-"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can "
-"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now "
-"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million "
-"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of "
-"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona "
-"Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see "
-"it in real life by visiting the actual museum."
+"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
+"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
+"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On "
+"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, "
+"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be "
+"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in "
+"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per "
+"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. "
+"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” "
+"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real "
+"life by visiting the actual museum."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6136
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6178
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
-"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
-"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound "
-"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
-"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6194
-msgid ""
+"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
+"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by "
+"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
+"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license "
"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they "
"want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available "
"to the public, but within limits the artists have specified."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6189
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
-"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his "
-"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the "
-"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy "
-"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on "
-"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an "
-"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The "
-"Threatened Swan.3"
+"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. "
+"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in "
+"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire "
+"people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a "
+"kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet "
+"along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6202
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6228
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6213
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
"their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at "
"selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money "
"block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For "
-"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but "
-"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose "
-"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
+"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-"
+"foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of "
+"its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous "
"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their "
"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015"
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
+"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
+"award-2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+msgid ""
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
+"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6268
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-88\"></span>Shareable"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
+msgid "Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
-msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+msgid ""
+"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6263
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6265
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6308
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But "
"choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the "
-"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s "
-"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing "
-"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” "
-"and continued to grow their audience."
+"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. "
+"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online "
+"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to "
+"grow their audience."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6321
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on "
"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons "
"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, "
-"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run "
-"democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their "
-"readers make changes in their own lives and communities."
+"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. "
+"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make "
+"changes in their own lives and communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6333
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6345
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC "
"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, "
"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal "
-"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the "
-"case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but "
-"most of the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than "
-"we do.”"
+"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. "
+"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of "
+"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6358
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6385
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
-"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for "
-"help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
+"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. "
+"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching "
"their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, "
"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe "
"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more "
"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over "
-"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years "
-"ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
+"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. "
+"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable "
"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their "
"network to implement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
-"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
-"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people "
-"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
+"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
+"fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the "
+"ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-89\"></span>Siyavula"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
+msgid "Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6424
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6444
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
"the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial criticisms of "
"the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and "
-"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this"
+"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this accomplishment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6475
-msgid "accomplishment."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6464
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6479
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6492
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
"is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but "
"of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
"transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and "
-"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a "
-"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based "
-"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they "
-"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions."
+"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-"
+"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on "
+"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to "
+"share and free from legal repercussions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6500
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6520
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6528
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6544
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6568
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6552
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6589
msgid ""
-"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
-"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
+"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
+"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A "
"single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including "
"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6597
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6603
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6609
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6633
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to "
"provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark "
-"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a "
-"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent "
-"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy "
-"negotiation, the government said no."
+"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-"
+"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for "
+"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the "
+"government said no."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
-"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
-"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per "
-"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
+"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
+"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned "
+"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6669
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open "
"license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to "
"do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the "
-"resources and support they need to achieve the education they "
-"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons "
-"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
+"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. "
+"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means "
+"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
"revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In "
"terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the "
"block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6707
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-90\"></span>Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+msgid "Sparkfun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
msgid ""
-"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
-"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
+"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
+"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6696
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6715
msgid ""
-"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan "
-"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were "
-"never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
+"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
+"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
+"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
"world.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6723
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6735
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
-"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your "
-"laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
+"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
+"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6743
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts "
-"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and "
-"support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP "
-"\\[intellectual property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they "
-"should be competing on.”"
+"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. "
+"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual "
+"property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be "
+"competing on.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6781
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
-"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
-"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to "
-"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on "
-"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core "
-"business."
+"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
+"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create "
+"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing "
+"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6803
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6814
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
"perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event "
"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and "
"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees "
-"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get "
-"face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with "
-"a human element, which makes it more meaningful."
+"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-"
+"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a "
+"human element, which makes it more meaningful."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6822
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6838
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and "
-"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the "
-"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and "
-"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been "
-"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain "
-"point, and we would design something to address it.”"
+"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. "
+"SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to "
+"build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to "
+"the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we "
+"would design something to address it.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6846
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
"public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a "
"particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people "
"contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are "
-"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you "
-"open-source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
+"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-"
+"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6854
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6884
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-91\"></span>TeachAIDS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
+msgid "TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
-"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
-"U.S."
+"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6874
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6876
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6887
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6898
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
-"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford "
-"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next "
-"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national "
-"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention "
-"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were "
-"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and "
-"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at "
-"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous "
-"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was "
-"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to "
-"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the "
-"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, "
-"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only "
-"receiving bits and pieces of information."
+"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. "
+"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of "
+"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring "
+"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports "
+"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the "
+"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. "
+"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya "
+"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They "
+"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and "
+"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss "
+"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on "
+"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and "
+"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and "
+"pieces of information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6926
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6930
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to "
-"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating "
-"high-quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research "
-"drives everything we do.”"
+"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-"
+"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives "
+"everything we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6957
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6970
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6984
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate "
"volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language "
"and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three "
-"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master "
-"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate "
-"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original "
-"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version "
-"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this "
-"cycle eleven times."
+"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. "
+"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version "
+"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. "
+"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets "
+"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle "
+"eleven times."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7001
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
"use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including "
"teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in "
"working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help "
-"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of "
-"life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors "
-"to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The "
-"inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by "
-"people who are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, "
-"rather than ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to "
-"require zero training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, "
-"we found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, "
-"even if they have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials "
-"where you can push play and they will work.”"
+"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. "
+"Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to "
+"help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, "
+"but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who "
+"are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than "
+"ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero "
+"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we "
+"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they "
+"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can "
+"push play and they will work.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
-"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and "
-"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
+"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-"
+"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
"model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the "
"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators "
"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7029
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
-"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya "
-"said. “We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
-"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to "
-"sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new "
-"eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising "
-"channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which "
-"is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, "
-"the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can "
-"benefit a brand for many years to come."
+"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
+"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
+"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. "
+"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs "
+"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. "
+"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often "
+"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the "
+"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit "
+"a brand for many years to come."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid ""
-"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
-"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
-"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they "
-"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale "
-"their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game "
-"changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
+"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
+"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
+"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create "
+"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their "
+"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer "
+"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-92\"></span>Tribe of Noise"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
+msgid "Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7062
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7078
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7086
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
-"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold "
-"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license "
-"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or "
-"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights "
-"holder was not readily available."
+"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. "
+"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly "
+"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in "
+"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not "
+"readily available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7094
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7107
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7115
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
-"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, "
-"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show "
-"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They "
-"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) "
-"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
+"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-"
+"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without "
+"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their "
+"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the "
+"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7133
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and "
"remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons "
"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
-"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC "
-"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
+"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-"
+"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
-"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific "
-"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
-"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
+"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. "
+"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire "
+"at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
msgid ""
-"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
-"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
-"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, "
-"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become "
-"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
+"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
+"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
+"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create "
+"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more "
+"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7214
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually "
"involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member "
"engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening "
-"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that "
-"need."
+"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7225
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of "
-"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for "
-"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see "
-"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the "
-"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a "
-"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in "
-"others with collecting societies like"
+"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. "
+"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little "
+"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a "
+"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by "
+"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with "
+"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
-msgid "ASCAP or BMI."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise "
"believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They "
"can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who "
-"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in "
-"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for "
-"music, a model that’s based on trust."
+"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. "
+"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, "
+"a model that’s based on trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-93\"></span>Wikimedia Foundation"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+msgid "Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7278
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
-"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
-"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of "
-"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people "
-"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
+"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
+"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the "
+"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to "
+"reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7282
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
-"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
-"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
+"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
+"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two "
-"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it "
-"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its "
-"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about "
-"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every "
-"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, "
-"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a "
-"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a "
-"particular organization."
+"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. "
+"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. "
+"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five "
+"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. "
+"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including "
+"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular "
+"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular "
+"organization."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7316
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7336
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by "
"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their "
"systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule "
-"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their "
-"system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to "
-"resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject "
-"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
+"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. "
+"The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve "
+"disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, "
+"talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
"Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community "
"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, "
"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7349
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7360
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together "
"in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a "
"million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes "
-"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single "
-"explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible "
-"diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of "
-"the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error "
-"in articles more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of "
-"Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to "
-"contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate "
-"financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
+"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. "
+"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of "
+"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English "
+"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles "
+"more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users "
+"are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to "
+"Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” "
+"Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7393
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United "
"States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the "
"reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is "
-"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give "
-"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
+"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. "
+"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-94\"></span>Bibliography"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+msgid "Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7437
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
-"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
-"www.benkler.org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC "
-"BY-NC-SA)."
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
+"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
msgid ""
-"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
-"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. "
-"www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC "
-"BY-SA)."
+"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
+"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
+"models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7455
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
-"Collaborative, 2016. "
-"thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/."
+"Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-"
+"paradigm/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7458
msgid ""
-"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
-"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
+"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
+"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
-"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
-"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop "
-"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
+"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
+"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in "
+"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more "
"information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7469
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7481
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, "
-"2014). "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf."
+"2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
+"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
+"urban-commons1.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
-"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. "
-"hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
+"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
+"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
-"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
-"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
+"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
+"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
msgid ""
-"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a "
-"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
+"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
+"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
-"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
-"2009. ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
+"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
+"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7525
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
-"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
+"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
+"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
-"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
+"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7555
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
msgid ""
-"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
-"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
+"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
+"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7584
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7588
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
-"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
-"2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
+"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
+"www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at "
-"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
+"com/books/business-model-generation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7599
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
-"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, "
-"2014. pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed "
-"under CC BY-SA)."
+"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro."
+"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-"
+"SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
-"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. "
-"www.academia.edu/27143172/The\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader "
-"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
+"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
-"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” "
-"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/."
+"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/"
+"cathedral-bazaar/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
-msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+msgid ""
+"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
msgid ""
-"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
-"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
+"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
+"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7643
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7655
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7671
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
-"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. "
-"society30.com/get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
+"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674
msgid ""
-"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
-"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
+"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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-"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
-"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
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+"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
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#. type: Plain text
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+msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
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msgstr ""
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"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
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msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
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-"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable "
-"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
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"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
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"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
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+"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, "
+"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, "
+"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie "
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+"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya "
+"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner "
+"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry "
+"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, "
+"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, "
+"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas "
+"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim "
+"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy "
+"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, "
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+"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom "
+"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, "
+"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey "
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msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
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#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Made"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Gemaakt"
+msgid "Made"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>with"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>met"
+msgid "with"
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#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
+msgid "Creative"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
-msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
+msgid "Commons"
+msgstr ""
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#. type: Plain text
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#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+#, fuzzy
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-"<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction "
-"journalism. . . The way that I think about these things, and in terms of "
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"<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>\"Ik weet niet veel van niet-fictieve "
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#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:76
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-6\"></span>- David Foster Wallace"
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+msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-6\"></span>- David Foster Wallace"
#. type: Plain text
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-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Foreword"
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#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
"so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, "
"she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her "
"sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our "
-"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, "
-"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating "
-"more."
+"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-"
+"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
-"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC "
-"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
+"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-"
+"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
"itself, an example of an open business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:223
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-8\"></span>Introduction"
+msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral "
-"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and "
-"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the "
-"literature."
+"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—"
+"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote "
+"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:258
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
-"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something "
-"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and "
-"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with "
-"Creative Commons is not “business as usual.”"
+"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
+"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural "
+"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative "
+"Commons is not “business as usual.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
-"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main "
-"parts."
+"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:286
msgid ""
-"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by "
-"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, "
-"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared "
-"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking "
-"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing "
-"and enlarging the digital commons."
+"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
+"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
+"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the "
+"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market "
+"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section "
"outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed "
"bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their "
-"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they "
-"share."
+"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-9\"></span>Part 1"
+msgid "Part 1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:322
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-10\"></span>The Big Picture"
+msgid "The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:324
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-11\"></span>The New"
+msgid "The New"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-12\"></span>World of"
+msgid "World of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-13\"></span>Digital"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:330
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-14\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "Digital"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:340
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
-"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
-"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the "
-"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the "
-"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are "
-"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
+"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
+"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of "
+"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are "
+"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
+"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with "
-"commoning. Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social "
-"practice of commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a "
-"community of users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that "
-"balance the costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the "
-"community. Special regard is given to equitable access, use, and "
-"sustainability."
+"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. "
+"Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of "
+"commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of "
+"users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the "
+"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special "
+"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-15\"></span>The Commons, the Market, and the State"
+msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:411
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-16\"></span>The Four Aspects of a Resource"
+msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-17\"></span>Characteristics"
+msgid "Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:432
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
-"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human "
-"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or "
-"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
+"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
+"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, "
+"which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not "
-"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially "
-"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and "
-"abundant."
+"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
+"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-18\"></span>People and processes"
+msgid "People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-19\"></span>Norms and rules"
+msgid "Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-20\"></span>Goals"
+msgid "Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-21\"></span>A Short History of the Commons"
+msgid "A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:580
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
-"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the "
-"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of "
-"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
+"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
+"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the "
+"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
"history."
msgstr ""
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
-"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to "
-"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources "
-"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies "
-"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money "
-"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws "
-"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and "
-"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a "
-"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how "
-"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed."
+"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
+"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became "
+"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved "
+"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating "
+"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were "
+"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over "
+"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of "
+"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is "
+"the primary means by which resources are managed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to "
"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then "
-"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support "
-"anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
+"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. "
+"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:639
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
-"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
-"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work "
-"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that "
-"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities "
-"without any regulation by central authorities or without "
-"privatization. Government and privatization are not the only two "
-"choices. There is a third way: management by the people, where those that "
-"are directly impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there "
-"is a regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with "
-"the natural resource, have the most direct relationship and history with it, "
-"and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the "
-"governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized the "
-"importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state for "
-"solving problems of collective action.14"
+"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
+"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying "
+"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural "
+"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without "
+"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government "
+"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: "
+"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are "
+"directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The "
+"people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have "
+"the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best "
+"situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural "
+"resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the "
+"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of "
+"collective action.14"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:649
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
-"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure "
-"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
+"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
+"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
"found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and "
"encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help "
"people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-22\"></span>The Digital Revolution"
+msgid "The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, "
"books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily "
"created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for "
-"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright "
-"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by "
-"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
+"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. "
+"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law "
+"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
"permission."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:722
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-23\"></span>The Birth of Creative Commons"
-msgstr ""
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons"
+msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:729
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:743
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
-"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by "
-"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and "
-"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
+"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
+"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are "
+"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
"permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly "
"understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer "
"beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, "
"participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social "
-"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative "
-"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant "
-"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange "
-"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
+"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. "
+"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits "
+"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a "
+"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
"software movement."
msgstr ""
"platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to "
"citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to "
"seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working "
-"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government "
-"reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure "
-"works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid "
-"for them."
+"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. "
+"Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works "
+"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for "
+"them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-24\"></span>The Changing Market"
+msgid "The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where "
-"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. "
-"Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly "
-"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital "
-"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything "
-"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
+"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-"
+"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but "
+"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are "
+"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
+"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the "
"commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being "
"digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many "
-"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common "
-"goal. They aim for abundance over scarcity."
+"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
+"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are "
"benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business "
"goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, "
-"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, "
-"worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational "
-"forms offer alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these "
-"alternative market entities are changing the rules and norms of the "
-"market.32"
+"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-"
+"owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer "
+"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative "
+"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
-"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the "
-"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a "
-"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and "
-"commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or "
-"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with "
-"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been "
-"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a "
-"predefined model."
+"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-"
+"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business "
+"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons "
+"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting "
+"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative "
+"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
+"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but "
-"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, patrons "
-". . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn revenue "
-"available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to Bring In "
-"Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and each "
-"endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one "
-"way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to "
-"sustainability."
+"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, "
+"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn "
+"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to "
+"Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and "
+"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more "
+"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
+"paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-25\"></span>Benefits of the Digital Commons"
+msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:937
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
-"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before "
-"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front "
-"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no "
-"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM "
-"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to "
-"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way "
-"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and "
-"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
+"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
+"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without "
+"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of "
+"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees "
+"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage "
+"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the "
+"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes "
+"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1002
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-26\"></span>Our Case Studies"
+msgid "Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set "
"of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more "
"than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are "
-"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are "
-"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. "
-"Develop trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be "
-"transparent. Defend the commons."
+"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. "
+"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; "
+"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1064 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2290
msgid "Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
-msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
-"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, "
-"eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg "
-"(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
+"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
" City of Bologna,\n"
-" 2014), "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
+" 2014), www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
" Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
" at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
"35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n"
" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online\n"
-" at "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
+" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
" You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n"
" Questions\n"
-" at "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
+" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
"36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n"
" post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available\n"
-" at "
-"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
+" at medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1166
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-27\"></span>How"
+msgid "How"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-28\"></span>to Be"
+msgid "to Be"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-29\"></span>Made with"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-30\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-31\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "Made with"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative "
"work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
"endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a "
-"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of "
-"it."
+"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want "
-"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could "
-"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to "
-"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business "
-"lens."
+"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. "
+"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book "
+"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those "
"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot "
"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It "
-"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and "
-"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
+"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. "
+"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going "
"day to day.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1374
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-32\"></span>Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
+msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of "
"zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It "
"simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on "
-"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the "
-"work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” "
-"prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
+"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. "
+"If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting "
+"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
"counterproductive."
msgstr ""
"playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your "
"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money "
"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they "
-"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing "
-"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain "
-"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
+"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-"
+"resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and "
+"making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared "
"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from "
"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1479
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-33\"></span>Use CC to grow a larger audience"
+msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
-"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are "
-"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
+"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
+"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
"proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to "
"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
-"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon "
-"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following "
-"your work spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because "
-"we simply have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because "
-"a large following is at least a partial indicator of quality or "
-"usefulness.18"
+"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
+"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work "
+"spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply "
+"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large "
+"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1519
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-34\"></span>Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
+msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1534
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
-"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the "
-"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public "
-"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities "
-"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, "
-"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most "
-"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the "
-"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, "
-"within both the marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect "
-"a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of "
-"circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is "
-"particularly the case for something as straightforward and consistent with "
-"basic notions of fairness as providing credit."
+"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
+"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does "
+"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give "
+"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social "
+"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate "
+"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms "
+"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the "
+"marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes "
+"on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people "
+"are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case "
+"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of "
+"fairness as providing credit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based "
"on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge "
-"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of "
-"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around "
-"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
+"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-"
+"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the "
+"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
"license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the "
"most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having "
"the most people see and cite your work."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1565
msgid ""
-"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its "
-"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to "
-"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing "
-"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a "
-"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted "
-"information source is more valuable than ever."
+"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
+"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
+"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a "
+"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online "
+"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source "
+"is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-35\"></span>Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
+msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of "
"catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical "
"goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more "
-"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the "
-"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), "
-"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version "
-"people bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
+"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. "
+"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free "
+"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
+"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-36\"></span>Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your "
-"work"
+msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, "
"transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, "
"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the "
-"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than "
-"others. With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the "
-"content is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the "
-"ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. "
+"With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content "
+"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to "
+"adapt a photo is less important."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1640
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
-"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their "
-"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive "
-"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence "
-"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is "
-"part of the event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more "
-"deeply tied to your work."
+"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
+"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, "
+"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as "
+"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the "
+"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied "
+"to your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1642
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-37\"></span>Use CC to differentiate yourself"
+msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-38\"></span>Making Money"
+msgid "Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-39\"></span>Market-based revenue streams"
+msgid "Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-40\"></span>Providing a custom service to consumers of "
-"your work * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 "
"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services "
-"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” "
-"Mann."
+"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1750
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-41\"></span>Charging for the physical copy * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-42\"></span>Charging for the in-person version * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face "
-"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the "
-"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
+"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-"
+"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1784
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-43\"></span>Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the "
"offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a "
"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 "
-"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay "
-"for—there are other services you can provide as well."
+"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—"
+"there are other services you can provide as well."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-44\"></span>Charging advertisers or sponsors * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the "
"number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become "
"essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
-"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative "
-"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser "
-"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the "
-"overall endeavor."
+"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. "
+"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be "
+"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall "
+"endeavor."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-45\"></span>Charging your content creators * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
-"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by "
-"others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing "
-"charge” of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library "
-"of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
+"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. "
+"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” "
+"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of "
+"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have "
"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation "
"website."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-46\"></span>Charging a transaction fee * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
-"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through "
-"CC-licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue "
-"when creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other "
-"platforms make money when service providers transact with their customers; "
-"for example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a "
-"maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
+"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-"
+"licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when "
+"creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms "
+"make money when service providers transact with their customers; for "
+"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker "
+"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1843
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-47\"></span>Providing a service to your creators* "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-48\"></span>Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-49\"></span>Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
+msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1892
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-50\"></span>Memberships and individual donations "
-"*\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1907
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-51\"></span>The pay-what-you-want model "
-"*\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
-"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open "
-"content. Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something "
-"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as "
-"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are "
-"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, "
-"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
+"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. "
+"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are "
+"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of "
+"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally "
+"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in "
+"situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1919
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-52\"></span>Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgid "Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply "
"wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this "
-"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the "
-"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of "
-"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building "
-"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art "
-"of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
+"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. "
+"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her "
+"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her "
+"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of "
+"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, "
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1941
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
-"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major "
-"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
+"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
+"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
"definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets "
"tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and "
"to the idea of open access generally."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1943
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-53\"></span>Making Human Connections"
+msgid "Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into "
"what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I "
-"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative "
-"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright "
-"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of "
-"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
+"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. "
+"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in "
+"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
+"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1999
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-54\"></span>Be human"
+msgid "Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
-"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with "
-"them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone "
-"is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are "
-"a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
+"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. "
+"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is "
+"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a "
+"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the "
"glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful "
"way."
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make "
"the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are "
-"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In "
-"business-speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the "
-"public.44 But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-"
+"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But "
+"it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2039
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-55\"></span>Be open and accountable"
+msgid "Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2053
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
-"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to "
-"lowest-common-denominator solutions and"
+"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
+"denominator solutions and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through "
"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse "
"than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get it right, it "
-"can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors "
-"excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you "
-"do."
+"can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors excel. "
+"And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2065
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-56\"></span>Design for the good actors"
+msgid "Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2087
msgid ""
-"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a "
-"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that "
-"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
+"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
+"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
+"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better "
"than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that "
"people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, "
"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to "
"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any "
"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and "
-"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that "
-"people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most "
-"often, they do."
+"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—"
+"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, "
+"they do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2099
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-57\"></span>Treat humans like, well, humans"
+msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
msgid ""
-"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like "
-"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even "
-"if you happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you "
-"are better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, "
-"too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends "
-"him. Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to "
-"communicate with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she "
-"talks.54"
+"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
+"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
+"happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are "
+"better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. "
+"Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. "
+"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate "
+"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2125
msgid ""
-"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in "
-"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too "
-"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
+"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
+"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
+"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
"customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors "
"are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important "
"to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-58\"></span>State your principles and stick to them"
+msgid "State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2154
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-59\"></span>Build a community"
+msgid "Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people "
"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 "
"To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically "
-"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to "
-"like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by"
+"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-"
+"minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
-"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their "
-"own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group "
-"(which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), "
-"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona "
-"fides.”61 Building true community requires giving people within the "
-"community the power to create or influence the rules that govern the "
-"community.62 If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, "
-"people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to "
-"disengagement."
+"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. "
+"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which "
+"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable "
+"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building "
+"true community requires giving people within the community the power to "
+"create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are "
+"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a "
+"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2196
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-60\"></span>Give more to the commons than you take"
+msgid "Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-61\"></span>Involve people in what you do"
+msgid "Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they "
"invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional "
"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for "
-"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the "
-"picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and "
-"involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to "
-"input was the writing, the music itself.”71"
+"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. "
+"Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement "
+"with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was "
+"the writing, the music itself.”71"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in "
"your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and "
"information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) "
-"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something "
-"plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
+"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—"
+"and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
-"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the "
-"project. Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be "
-"Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what "
-"they do. The goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from "
-"thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition "
-"them into active participants.75"
+"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. "
+"Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but "
+"every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The "
+"goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of "
+"consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into "
+"active participants.75"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-62\"></span>The"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-63\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-64\"></span>Commons"
+msgid "The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-65\"></span>Licenses"
+msgid "Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
-"minimum, a CC-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
-msgid ""
-"licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form for "
-"noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
+"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
+"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set "
"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic "
"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
-"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses "
-"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed "
-"materials."
+"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. "
+"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2457
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
-"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with "
-"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the "
-"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both "
-"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the "
-"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they "
-"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing."
+"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other "
+"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain "
+"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content "
+"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code "
+"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their "
+"involvement with and commitment to sharing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make "
"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
"commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a "
-"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC "
-"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you "
-"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film "
-"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length "
-"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
+"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-"
+"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply "
+"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company "
+"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or "
+"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant "
-"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to "
-"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you "
-"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs "
-"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative "
-"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial "
-"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the "
-"dream of having a major record label discover their work."
+"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. "
+"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in "
+"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license "
+"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The "
+"music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were "
+"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having "
+"a major record label discover their work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-66\"></span>Note"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
+msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2516
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-67\"></span>Part 2"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515
+msgid "Part 2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2518
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-68\"></span>The Case Studies"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2517
+msgid "The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2525
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-69\"></span>Arduino"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
+msgid "Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2545 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2549 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3797 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4038 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4276 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6441 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7070
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2560
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2568
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2575
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584
msgid ""
-"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design "
-"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work "
-"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would "
-"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about "
-"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source "
-"product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
-msgid "product.”"
+"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
+"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
+"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive "
+"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open "
+"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product "
+"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2598
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2610
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2623
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2630
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2636
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
-"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still "
-"apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an "
-"open-source way can only help you.”"
+"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. "
+"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-"
+"source way can only help you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2646
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2656
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2665
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2676
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says "
-"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does "
-"matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino "
-"team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by "
-"conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the "
-"platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant "
-"to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from "
-"there."
+"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—"
+"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had "
+"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting "
+"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make "
+"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and "
+"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2686
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
-"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial "
-"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s "
-"revenue-generating model."
+"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. "
+"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-"
+"generating model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2701
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2714
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up "
"certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the "
-"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is "
-"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open "
-"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send "
-"In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
+"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. "
+"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing "
+"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the "
+"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played "
"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, "
"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2720
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2734 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6029 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-70\"></span>Ártica"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+msgid "Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2903 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3058 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4520 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5611 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6282 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6720 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6898 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7270
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
-"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
-"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both "
-"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for "
-"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology "
-"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
+"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
+"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were "
+"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts "
+"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and "
+"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
"Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people "
"and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2779
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now "
-"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each "
-"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students "
-"and offer classes on more specialized topics."
+"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. "
+"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer "
+"classes on more specialized topics."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2801
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2807
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2821
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2827
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2836
msgid ""
-"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
-"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
-"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find "
-"inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a "
-"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge "
-"said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple "
-"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, "
-"like a course or a book.”"
+"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
+"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
+"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. "
+"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, "
+"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first "
+"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can "
+"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2865
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2873
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2879
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-71\"></span>Blender Institute"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
+msgid "Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2910
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2919
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2925
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2937
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2945
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2968
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign "
"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible "
-"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he "
-"said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
+"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. "
+"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2974
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
-"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on "
-"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale "
-"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized "
-"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it "
-"needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film "
-"projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many "
-"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget "
-"constraints.”"
+"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. "
+"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the "
+"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but "
+"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on "
+"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the "
+"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with "
+"us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2993
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3019
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3031
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
-"the software and the content produced with the software free and "
-"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
+"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. "
+"Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-72\"></span>Cards Against Humanity"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
+msgid "Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3069
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
-"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
-"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit "
-"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards "
-"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right "
-"kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
+"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
+"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their "
+"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are "
+"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind "
+"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3080
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
-"download, the"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3093
-msgid "openness to fans remixing the game—give"
+"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
+"cult following."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3095
-msgid "the game a massive cult following."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
-"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
-"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
-"make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
+"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
+"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
+"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
-"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with "
-"it. People totally caught the joke.”"
+"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
+"People totally caught the joke.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3139
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3154
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3150
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3166
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3196
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3203
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-73\"></span>The Conversation"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+msgid "The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
-"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
-"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia."
+"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
+"Founded in 2011 in Australia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3239
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the "
-"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce "
-"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism "
-"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative "
-"model."
+"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. "
+"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t "
+"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3245
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3263
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These "
"were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the "
-"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in "
-"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, "
-"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what "
-"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was "
-"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass "
-"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and "
-"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of "
-"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a "
-"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower "
-"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, "
-"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an "
-"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to "
-"the wider public."
+"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. "
+"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists "
+"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a "
+"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or "
+"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want "
+"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect "
+"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, "
+"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—"
+"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal "
+"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but "
+"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good "
+"at presenting their expertise to the wider public."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3274
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic "
"into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
"difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a "
-"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is "
-"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes "
-"and writing whatever they want."
+"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. "
+"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing "
+"whatever they want."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3285
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3298
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
-"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
-"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better "
-"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better "
-"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of "
-"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is "
-"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based "
-"information."
+"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
+"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of "
+"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public "
+"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information "
+"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide "
+"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3307
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3318
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
-"Attribution-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
-msgid ""
-"NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for others to "
-"republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the content is not "
-"edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites have "
-"republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 million "
-"unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-five "
-"million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative Commons "
-"license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to everything the "
-"Conversation does."
+"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
+"others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the "
+"content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites "
+"have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 "
+"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-"
+"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative "
+"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to "
+"everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3325
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3333
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3355
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3373
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5785 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-74\"></span>Cory Doctorow"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
+msgid "Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3398
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
-"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he "
-"said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing "
-"this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
+"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. "
+"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this "
+"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
"important thing I know how to do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about "
"technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several "
"nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be "
-"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet "
-"age."
+"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3421
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3436
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3447
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3455
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3463
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3480
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3487
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3500
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3525
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3534
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
-"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
-"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a "
-"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of "
-"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He "
-"calls it Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that "
-"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your "
-"benefit.”"
+"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
+"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular "
+"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over "
+"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it "
+"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to "
+"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3552
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3561
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-75\"></span>Figshare"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
+msgid "Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of "
-"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and "
-"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
+"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code"
+"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
"is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does "
"not allow."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3599
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3624
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
-"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
-"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
-"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s "
-"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets "
-"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
+"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
+"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
+"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with "
+"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY "
+"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
-"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
-"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the "
-"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too."
+"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
+"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he "
+"opened it up for them to use, too."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3647
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3642
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3648
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3658
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3680
-msgid ""
-"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
-"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
-"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the "
-"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having "
-"to develop this functionality as part of their own "
-"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the "
-"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to "
-"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3678
msgid ""
-"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including "
-"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has "
-"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
+"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
+"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
+"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. "
+"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop "
+"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data "
+"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-"
+"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. "
+"Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of "
+"publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, "
+"to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for "
+"the data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3686
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3694
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3705
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3713
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3720
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
-"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
-"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the "
-"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United "
-"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to "
-"be pulled into an app developed by a completely different researcher that "
-"converts the data into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can "
-"alter by changing any of the variables.2"
+"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
+"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal "
+"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid "
+"to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into "
+"an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data "
+"into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing "
+"any of the variables.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an "
-"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and "
-"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
+"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-"
+"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
"presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what "
"license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option "
"of using Creative Commons licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3749
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of "
"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied "
"solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would "
-"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were "
-"early-career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders "
-"mandated open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
+"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-"
+"career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated "
+"open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3756
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping "
-"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the "
-"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark "
-"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If "
-"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a "
-"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key "
-"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting "
-"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new "
-"discoveries."
+"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—"
+"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees "
+"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was "
+"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. "
+"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. "
+"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to "
+"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
-msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+msgid ""
+"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
+"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
-msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+msgid ""
+"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
+"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-76\"></span>Figure.NZ"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+msgid "Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
-"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
-"Zealand."
+"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3808
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
"said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available "
"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this "
"meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that "
-"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that "
-"matter—not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, "
-"their businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
+"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—"
+"not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their "
+"businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
"availability and accessibility of information. Data is spread across "
"thousands of sites and is held within databases and spreadsheets that "
"require both time and skill to engage with. To use data when making a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3829
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3844
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3858
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3869
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
"perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds "
"of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to "
"collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and "
-"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision "
-"making. Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes "
-"that it is underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ "
-"is focused on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money "
-"allocated to collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful "
-"and generates value. If the government wants citizens to understand why "
-"certain decisions are being made and to be more aware about what the "
-"government is doing, why not transform the data it collects into easily "
-"understood visuals? It could even become a way for a government or any "
-"organization to differentiate, market, and brand itself."
+"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. "
+"Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is "
+"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused "
+"on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to "
+"collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates "
+"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions "
+"are being made and to be more aware about what the government is doing, why "
+"not transform the data it collects into easily understood visuals? It could "
+"even become a way for a government or any organization to differentiate, "
+"market, and brand itself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3904
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3915
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
-"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those "
-"areas. Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
+"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
+"Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3940
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3949
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
"environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, "
"tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and "
"graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or "
-"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for "
-"them. Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
+"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. "
+"Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3961
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can "
"you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond "
"quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would "
-"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on "
-"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for "
-"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are "
-"interested in."
+"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure."
+"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be "
+"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3977
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3987
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4001
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
-"the “network effect”—"
+"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and "
+"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making "
+"the network effect possible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
+#. type: Bullet: '1. '
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid ""
-"users dramatically increasing value for themselves and for others through "
-"use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making the network effect "
-"possible."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
-msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
+"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
-msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
+msgid ""
+"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
+"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-77\"></span>Knowledge Unlatched"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+msgid "Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
"the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to "
-"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly-"
+"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system "
+"is not working for anyone, and especially not for monographs in the "
+"humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to changing "
+"this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable alternative "
+"model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of making monographs "
+"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long "
+"term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has received several awards, "
+"including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 and a Curtin University "
+"Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in Education in 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
-msgid ""
-"book-publishing system is not working for anyone, and especially not for "
-"monographs in the humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is "
-"committed to changing this and has been working with libraries to create a "
-"sustainable alternative model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the "
-"cost of making monographs (released under a Creative Commons license) and "
-"savings costs over the long term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has "
-"received several awards, including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 "
-"and a Curtin University Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in "
-"Education in 2015."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4055
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4069
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by "
-"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license "
-"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or "
-"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest "
-"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be "
-"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no "
-"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to "
-"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print "
-"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances "
-"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts "
-"as a marketing vehicle for the print format."
+"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-"
+"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-"
+"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is "
+"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the "
+"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the "
+"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, "
+"Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books were 10 to "
+"20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the "
+"Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for "
+"the print format."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4076
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4083
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the "
"first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed "
-"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and "
-"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
+"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-"
+"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4090
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
-"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a "
-"“book-processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an "
-"open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
+"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-"
+"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access "
+"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4099
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4102
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4137
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4147
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
"size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small "
"packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, "
-"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per "
-"package. Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least "
-"six of the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book "
-"was just under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten "
-"months. It started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having "
-"a library task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, "
-"getting the libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, "
-"unlatching."
+"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. "
+"Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of "
+"the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just "
+"under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It "
+"started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having a library "
+"task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, getting the "
+"libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4165
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
-"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 "
-"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in "
-"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three "
-"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the "
-"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second "
-"round, it took one month to get twenty-six."
+"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
+"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past "
+"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That "
+"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, "
+"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it "
+"took one month to get twenty-six."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4198
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4207
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4224
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4236
msgid ""
-"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
-"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
-"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service "
-"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans "
-"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs "
-"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, "
-"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and "
-"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books."
+"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
+"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
+"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that "
+"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up "
+"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are "
+"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched "
+"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include "
+"unlatching journals and older books."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-78\"></span>Lumen Learning"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
+msgid "Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4288
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
-"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
-"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making "
-"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational "
-"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called "
-"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open "
-"general-education courses across eight colleges predominantly serving "
-"at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and "
-"collaborate to improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim "
-"exceeded those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, "
-"decreased to zero dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 "
-"to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round of "
-"funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in and "
-"benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see "
-"the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought "
-"further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them "
-"to define a plan to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That "
-"is when they decided to create Lumen Learning."
+"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
+"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
+"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more "
+"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, "
+"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope "
+"Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education "
+"courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with "
+"goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the "
+"courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the "
+"cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero "
+"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when "
+"compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of "
+"more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this "
+"project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this "
+"initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan "
+"to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they "
+"decided to create Lumen Learning."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
-"for-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
-msgid ""
-"profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the education "
-"sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking grants from "
-"philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in certain "
-"ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way that "
-"change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t a lot "
-"of flexibility to do so."
+"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
+"education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking "
+"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in "
+"certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way "
+"that change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t "
+"a lot of flexibility to do so."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4323
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and "
"offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead "
-"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf "
-"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good "
-"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving "
-"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they "
-"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in "
-"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and "
-"universities—"
+"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. "
+"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing "
+"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged "
+"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what "
+"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is "
+"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4338
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4344
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who "
-"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled "
-"student."
+"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4357
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4372
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not "
"put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in "
"technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights "
-"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a "
-"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has "
-"generated immense goodwill in the community."
+"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-"
+"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense "
+"goodwill in the community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4391
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4397
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
-"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the "
-"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students "
-"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the "
-"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up "
-"at the end of each page."
+"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the "
+"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a "
+"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and "
+"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of "
+"each page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4414
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
"grant funders. People in their network generously increase the visibility of "
"Lumen through presentations, word of mouth, and referrals. Sometimes the "
-"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424
-msgid "capacity."
+"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales capacity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4425
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the "
"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
-"the Virginia community college system, which is building out "
-"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar "
-"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its "
-"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on "
-"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number "
-"of students."
+"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. "
+"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-"
+"level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where "
+"there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, "
+"they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4433
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4442
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
"Why should you invest in creating something that people will be reluctant to "
"pay for? How do you ensure that the investment the diverse education "
"community makes in OER is not exploited? Lumen thinks we all need to be "
-"clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
-msgid "community."
+"clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open "
+"community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4481
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
-"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
-"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up "
-"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, "
-"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted "
-"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 "
-"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with "
-"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding "
-"with revenue."
+"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
+"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the "
+"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment "
+"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant "
+"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. "
+"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-79\"></span>Jonathan Mann"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
+msgid "Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4519
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4533
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4541
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since "
"he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired "
-"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that "
-"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
+"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. "
+"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
"least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are "
"extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend "
"announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4576
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
"wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to "
"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your "
"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” "
-"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of "
-"time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
+"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. "
+"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4590
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4598
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
-"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he "
-"said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they "
-"need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other "
-"artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom "
-"songs for clients."
+"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. "
+"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and "
+"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes "
+"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for "
+"clients."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4608
msgid ""
-"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
-"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
-"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
+"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
+"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
+"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the "
"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired "
"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4630
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
"really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his "
"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged "
"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung "
-"about"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
-msgid ""
-"or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
+"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4628
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
"business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a songwriter, and "
-"he has found a way to keep it interesting for"
+"he has found a way to keep it interesting for himself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
-msgid "himself."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
msgid ""
-"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
-"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
-"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely "
-"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can "
-"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work "
-"is a living embodiment of these principles."
+"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
+"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
+"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes "
+"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the "
+"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living "
+"embodiment of these principles."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4677
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-80\"></span>Noun Project"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+msgid "Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4716
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4724
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
-"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
-"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its "
-"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback "
-"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the "
-"relationship they have with their global community of designers."
+"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
+"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. "
+"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they "
+"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they "
+"have with their global community of designers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4741
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4768
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
"users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many "
"similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one "
"they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby "
-"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly "
-"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says "
-"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good "
-"for the platform."
+"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. "
+"This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this "
+"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for "
+"the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
"from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would "
"be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly "
-"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of "
-"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons "
-"without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for "
-"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how "
-"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require "
-"you to purchase the API Pro version."
+"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. "
+"Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without "
+"giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. "
+"You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it "
+"integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you "
+"to purchase the API Pro version."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4783
msgid ""
-"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
-"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
+"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
+"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"percent to Noun Project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
-"building trust is the top"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
-msgid "priority."
+"building trust is the top priority."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4803
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4821
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4833
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
-"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and "
-"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
+"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. "
+"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4846
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
-msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+msgid ""
+"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
+"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-81\"></span>Open Data Institute"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+msgid "Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
-"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
+"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
+"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are "
"central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY "
"(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
msgid ""
-"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
-"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
-"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local "
-"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and "
-"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data "
-"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can "
-"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target "
-"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better "
-"understanding what is happening around them."
+"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
+"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
+"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing "
+"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but "
+"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a "
+"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help "
+"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It "
+"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is "
+"happening around them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4951
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on "
-"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an "
-"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into "
-"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, "
-"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
+"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-"
+"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two "
+"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and "
+"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
"members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the "
"benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members "
"are listed on their website.)2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4974
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
"has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is "
"one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier "
"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay "
-"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” "
-"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so "
-"they can attend as a form of professional development."
+"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-"
+"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can "
+"attend as a form of professional development."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
-"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
-"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
-"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of "
-"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills "
-"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The "
-"training tends to generate high interest and commitment."
+"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
+"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
+"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data "
+"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by "
+"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training "
+"tends to generate high interest and commitment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5013
-msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4999
+msgid ""
+"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5022
msgid ""
-"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
-"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
-"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s "
-"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic "
-"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international "
-"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
+"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
+"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
+"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data "
+"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were "
+"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which "
+"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set "
"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
"deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and "
-"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the "
-"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI "
-"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the "
-"brand."
+"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. "
+"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes "
+"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is "
-"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with "
-"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open "
-"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that "
-"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not "
-"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have "
-"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
+"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. "
+"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is "
+"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is "
+"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely "
+"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI "
+"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
"people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they "
"use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish "
-"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they "
-"offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
+"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. "
+"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5080
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
-msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
+msgid ""
+"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+msgid ""
+"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
+"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+msgid ""
+"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-82\"></span>OpenDesk"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+msgid "OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5125 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring "
"digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to "
-"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical "
-"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also "
-"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the "
-"goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an open "
-"license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start "
-"of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project "
-"dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the "
-"same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with "
-"Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
+"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. "
+"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. "
+"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They "
+"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it "
+"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for "
+"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
+"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The "
+"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a "
+"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5143
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
-"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing "
-"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of "
-"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital "
-"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still "
-"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the "
-"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons."
+"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. "
+"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design "
+"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing "
+"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold "
+"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel "
+"and settled on using Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5169
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5174
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5179
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5202
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s "
"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
-"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a "
-"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that "
-"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the "
-"design file."
+"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-"
+"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes "
+"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5200
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
-"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
-"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own "
-"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
+"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
+"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this "
+"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5227
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5236
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
"Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting "
"in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk "
"file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk "
-"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of "
-"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost "
-"and are typically apportioned as follows:"
+"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. "
+"Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and "
+"are typically apportioned as follows:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5276
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5302
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
-"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in "
-"people."
+"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5354
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-83\"></span>OpenStax"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+msgid "OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5358
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
-"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
-"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
+"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
+"Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5366
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
-"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, "
-"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, "
-"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and "
-"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and "
-"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s "
-"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with "
-"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
+"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. "
+"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. "
+"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely "
+"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, "
+"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of "
+"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and "
+"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5414
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5424
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
-"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
-"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora "
-"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and "
-"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield "
-"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To "
-"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going "
-"to require philanthropic investment."
+"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
+"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, "
+"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, "
+"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. "
+"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and "
+"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic "
+"investment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5442
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5450
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
-"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to "
-"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the "
-"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has "
-"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to "
-"Sociology 2e, using these funds."
+"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. "
+"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they "
+"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already "
+"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, "
+"using these funds."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
msgid ""
-"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
-"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
-"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting "
-"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no "
-"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still "
-"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving "
-"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax "
-"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their "
-"materials."
+"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
+"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
+"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what "
+"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide "
+"their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. "
+"OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through "
+"free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners "
+"are out there showcasing their materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5466
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5475
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. "
"Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and "
"use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break "
-"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns "
-"policy. This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles "
-"is virtually a hundred percent."
+"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. "
+"This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is "
+"virtually a hundred percent."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5493
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in "
-"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted "
-"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that "
-"is reasonable."
+"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. "
+"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is "
+"reasonable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5519
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5528
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
-"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
-"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author "
-"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is "
-"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of "
-"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them "
-"and they earn all the money up front."
+"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
+"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might "
+"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only "
+"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all "
+"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and "
+"they earn all the money up front."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5536
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole "
-"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on "
-"partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By "
-"enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic "
-"freedom."
+"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. "
+"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling "
+"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5545
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
-msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+msgid ""
+"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-84\"></span>Amanda Palmer"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+msgid "Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5626
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5635
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5659
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5645
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5655
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used "
"to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music "
"for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it "
-"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a "
-"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
+"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-"
+"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone "
-"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda "
-"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an "
-"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing "
-"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a "
-"natural fit."
+"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. "
+"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy "
+"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what "
+"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural "
+"fit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5677
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5685
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in "
"the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, "
"engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component "
-"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to "
-"listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” "
-"Amanda wrote."
+"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. "
+"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5711
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5719
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not "
-"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it "
-"differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t "
-"joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is "
-"joyful to you.”"
+"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. "
+"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to "
+"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to "
+"you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5753
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
-"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a "
-"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that "
-"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her "
-"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than "
-"forcing people to help her, she lets them."
+"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. "
+"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from "
+"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other "
+"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to "
+"help her, she lets them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5787
-msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+msgid ""
+"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
+"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
+"\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5789
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-85\"></span>PLOS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+msgid "PLOS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-86\"></span>(Public Library of Science)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+msgid "(Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
-"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
-"U.S."
+"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
+"S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5790
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael "
"announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to "
"do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the "
-"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new "
-"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released "
-"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
+"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-"
+"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under "
+"Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5814
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5824
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5834
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5853
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, "
"genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, "
-"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to "
-"\\$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in "
-"2006, are just under \\$1,500."
+"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-"
+"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under "
+"\\$1,500."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5858
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
-"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing "
-"charges."
+"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5873
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on "
"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
"open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the "
-"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon "
-"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on "
-"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS "
-"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly "
-"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this "
-"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication."
+"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. "
+"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to "
+"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better "
+"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research "
+"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors "
+"to submit their work for publication."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880
msgid ""
-"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
-"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
-"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
+"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
+"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
+"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
"this aligns with how they think research content should be published and "
"disseminated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5892
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5905
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5912
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5937
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5942
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5952
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5957
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5980
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6013
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6034
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-87\"></span>Rijksmuseum"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
+msgid "Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
-msgid "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6035
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6063
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6071
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6083
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6094
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6116
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
-"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
-"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define "
-"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each "
-"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high "
-"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the "
-"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their "
-"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection "
-"online."
+"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
+"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete "
+"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This "
+"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from "
+"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started "
+"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with "
+"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129
msgid ""
-"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
-"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
-"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a "
-"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more "
-"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can "
-"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now "
-"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million "
-"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of "
-"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona "
-"Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see "
-"it in real life by visiting the actual museum."
+"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
+"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
+"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On "
+"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, "
+"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be "
+"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in "
+"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per "
+"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. "
+"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” "
+"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real "
+"life by visiting the actual museum."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6136
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6178
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
-"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
-"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound "
-"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
-"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6194
-msgid ""
+"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
+"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by "
+"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
+"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license "
"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they "
"want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available "
"to the public, but within limits the artists have specified."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6189
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
-"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his "
-"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the "
-"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy "
-"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on "
-"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an "
-"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The "
-"Threatened Swan.3"
+"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. "
+"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in "
+"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire "
+"people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a "
+"kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet "
+"along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6202
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6228
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6213
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
"their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at "
"selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money "
"block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For "
-"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but "
-"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose "
-"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
+"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-"
+"foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of "
+"its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous "
"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their "
"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015"
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
+"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
+"award-2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+msgid ""
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
+"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6268
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-88\"></span>Shareable"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
+msgid "Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
-msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+msgid ""
+"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6263
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6265
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6308
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But "
"choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the "
-"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s "
-"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing "
-"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” "
-"and continued to grow their audience."
+"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. "
+"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online "
+"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to "
+"grow their audience."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6321
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on "
"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons "
"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, "
-"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run "
-"democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their "
-"readers make changes in their own lives and communities."
+"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. "
+"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make "
+"changes in their own lives and communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6333
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6345
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC "
"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, "
"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal "
-"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the "
-"case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but "
-"most of the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than "
-"we do.”"
+"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. "
+"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of "
+"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6358
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6385
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
-"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for "
-"help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
+"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. "
+"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching "
"their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, "
"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe "
"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more "
"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over "
-"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years "
-"ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
+"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. "
+"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable "
"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their "
"network to implement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
-"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
-"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people "
-"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
+"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
+"fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the "
+"ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-89\"></span>Siyavula"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
+msgid "Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6424
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6444
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
"the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial criticisms of "
"the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and "
-"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this"
+"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this accomplishment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6475
-msgid "accomplishment."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6464
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6479
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6492
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
"is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but "
"of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
"transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and "
-"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a "
-"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based "
-"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they "
-"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions."
+"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-"
+"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on "
+"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to "
+"share and free from legal repercussions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6500
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6520
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6528
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6544
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6568
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6552
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6589
msgid ""
-"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
-"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
+"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
+"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A "
"single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including "
"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6597
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6603
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6609
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6633
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to "
"provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark "
-"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a "
-"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent "
-"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy "
-"negotiation, the government said no."
+"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-"
+"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for "
+"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the "
+"government said no."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
-"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
-"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per "
-"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
+"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
+"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned "
+"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6669
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open "
"license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to "
"do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the "
-"resources and support they need to achieve the education they "
-"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons "
-"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
+"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. "
+"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means "
+"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
"revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In "
"terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the "
"block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6707
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-90\"></span>Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+msgid "Sparkfun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
msgid ""
-"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
-"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
+"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
+"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6696
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6715
msgid ""
-"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan "
-"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were "
-"never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
+"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
+"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
+"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
"world.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6723
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6735
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
-"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your "
-"laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
+"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
+"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6743
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts "
-"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and "
-"support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP "
-"\\[intellectual property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they "
-"should be competing on.”"
+"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. "
+"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual "
+"property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be "
+"competing on.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6781
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
-"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
-"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to "
-"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on "
-"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core "
-"business."
+"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
+"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create "
+"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing "
+"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6803
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6814
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
"perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event "
"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and "
"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees "
-"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get "
-"face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with "
-"a human element, which makes it more meaningful."
+"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-"
+"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a "
+"human element, which makes it more meaningful."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6822
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6838
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and "
-"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the "
-"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and "
-"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been "
-"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain "
-"point, and we would design something to address it.”"
+"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. "
+"SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to "
+"build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to "
+"the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we "
+"would design something to address it.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6846
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
"public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a "
"particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people "
"contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are "
-"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you "
-"open-source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
+"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-"
+"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6854
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6884
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-91\"></span>TeachAIDS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
+msgid "TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
-"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
-"U.S."
+"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6874
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6876
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6887
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6898
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
-"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford "
-"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next "
-"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national "
-"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention "
-"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were "
-"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and "
-"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at "
-"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous "
-"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was "
-"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to "
-"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the "
-"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, "
-"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only "
-"receiving bits and pieces of information."
+"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. "
+"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of "
+"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring "
+"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports "
+"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the "
+"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. "
+"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya "
+"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They "
+"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and "
+"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss "
+"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on "
+"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and "
+"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and "
+"pieces of information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6926
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6930
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to "
-"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating "
-"high-quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research "
-"drives everything we do.”"
+"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-"
+"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives "
+"everything we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6957
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6970
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6984
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate "
"volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language "
"and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three "
-"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master "
-"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate "
-"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original "
-"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version "
-"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this "
-"cycle eleven times."
+"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. "
+"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version "
+"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. "
+"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets "
+"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle "
+"eleven times."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7001
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
"use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including "
"teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in "
"working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help "
-"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of "
-"life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors "
-"to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The "
-"inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by "
-"people who are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, "
-"rather than ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to "
-"require zero training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, "
-"we found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, "
-"even if they have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials "
-"where you can push play and they will work.”"
+"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. "
+"Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to "
+"help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, "
+"but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who "
+"are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than "
+"ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero "
+"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we "
+"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they "
+"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can "
+"push play and they will work.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
-"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and "
-"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
+"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-"
+"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
"model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the "
"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators "
"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7029
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
-"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya "
-"said. “We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
-"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to "
-"sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new "
-"eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising "
-"channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which "
-"is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, "
-"the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can "
-"benefit a brand for many years to come."
+"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
+"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
+"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. "
+"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs "
+"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. "
+"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often "
+"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the "
+"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit "
+"a brand for many years to come."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid ""
-"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
-"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
-"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they "
-"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale "
-"their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game "
-"changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
+"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
+"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
+"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create "
+"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their "
+"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer "
+"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-92\"></span>Tribe of Noise"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
+msgid "Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7062
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7078
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7086
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
-"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold "
-"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license "
-"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or "
-"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights "
-"holder was not readily available."
+"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. "
+"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly "
+"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in "
+"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not "
+"readily available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7094
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7107
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7115
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
-"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, "
-"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show "
-"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They "
-"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) "
-"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
+"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-"
+"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without "
+"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their "
+"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the "
+"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7133
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and "
"remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons "
"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
-"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC "
-"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
+"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-"
+"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
-"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific "
-"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
-"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
+"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. "
+"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire "
+"at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
msgid ""
-"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
-"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
-"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, "
-"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become "
-"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
+"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
+"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
+"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create "
+"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more "
+"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7214
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually "
"involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member "
"engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening "
-"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that "
-"need."
+"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7225
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of "
-"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for "
-"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see "
-"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the "
-"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a "
-"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in "
-"others with collecting societies like"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
-msgid "ASCAP or BMI."
+"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. "
+"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little "
+"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a "
+"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by "
+"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with "
+"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise "
"believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They "
"can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who "
-"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in "
-"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for "
-"music, a model that’s based on trust."
+"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. "
+"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, "
+"a model that’s based on trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-93\"></span>Wikimedia Foundation"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+msgid "Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7278
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
-"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
-"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of "
-"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people "
-"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
+"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
+"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the "
+"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to "
+"reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7282
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
-"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
-"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
+"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
+"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two "
-"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it "
-"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its "
-"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about "
-"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every "
-"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, "
-"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a "
-"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a "
-"particular organization."
+"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. "
+"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. "
+"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five "
+"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. "
+"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including "
+"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular "
+"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular "
+"organization."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7316
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7336
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by "
"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their "
"systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule "
-"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their "
-"system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to "
-"resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject "
-"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
+"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. "
+"The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve "
+"disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, "
+"talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
"Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community "
"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, "
"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7349
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7360
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together "
"in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a "
"million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes "
-"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single "
-"explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible "
-"diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of "
-"the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error "
-"in articles more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of "
-"Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to "
-"contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate "
-"financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
+"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. "
+"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of "
+"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English "
+"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles "
+"more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users "
+"are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to "
+"Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” "
+"Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7393
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United "
"States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the "
"reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is "
-"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give "
-"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
+"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. "
+"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-94\"></span>Bibliography"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+msgid "Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7437
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
-"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
-"www.benkler.org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC "
-"BY-NC-SA)."
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
+"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
msgid ""
-"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
-"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. "
-"www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC "
-"BY-SA)."
+"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
+"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
+"models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7455
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
-"Collaborative, 2016. "
-"thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/."
+"Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-"
+"paradigm/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7458
msgid ""
-"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
-"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
+"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
+"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
-"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
-"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop "
-"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
+"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
+"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in "
+"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more "
"information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7469
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7481
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, "
-"2014). "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf."
+"2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
+"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
+"urban-commons1.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
-"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. "
-"hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
+"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
+"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
-"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
-"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
+"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
+"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
msgid ""
-"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a "
-"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
+"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
+"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
-"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
-"2009. ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
+"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
+"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7525
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
-"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
+"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
+"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
-"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
+"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7555
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
msgid ""
-"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
-"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
+"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
+"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7584
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7588
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
-"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
-"2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
+"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
+"www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at "
-"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
+"com/books/business-model-generation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7599
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
-"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, "
-"2014. pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed "
-"under CC BY-SA)."
+"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro."
+"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-"
+"SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
-"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. "
-"www.academia.edu/27143172/The\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader "
-"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
+"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
-"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” "
-"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/."
+"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/"
+"cathedral-bazaar/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
-msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+msgid ""
+"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
msgid ""
-"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
-"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
+"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
+"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7643
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7655
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7671
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
-"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. "
-"society30.com/get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
+"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674
msgid ""
-"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
-"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
+"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7677
msgid ""
-"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
-"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
+"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
+"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7696
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-95\"></span>Acknowledgments"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
+msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7689
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7700
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
-"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter "
-"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable "
-"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
+"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
+"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. "
+"Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7747
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7819
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"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, "
"William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang "
"Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, "
"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, "
"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Made"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Gemaakt"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>with"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>met"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-5\"></span>"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-5\"></span>"
+
+#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Foreword"
+#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Voorwoord"
projects / text-madewithcc.git / commitdiff