msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-09-08 14:20+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-09-11 23:15+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:95 freeculture.xml:15799
+#: freeculture.xml:95 freeculture.xml:15804
msgid ""
"This book is licensed under a Creative Commons license. This license permits "
"non-commercial use of this work, so long as attribution is given. For more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:427 freeculture.xml:14849
+#: freeculture.xml:427 freeculture.xml:14854
msgid "land ownership, air traffic and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:4652 freeculture.xml:13728 freeculture.xml:14850
+#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:4652 freeculture.xml:13728 freeculture.xml:14855
msgid "property rights"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:14850
+#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:14855
msgid "air traffic vs."
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:468 freeculture.xml:4541 freeculture.xml:5143 freeculture.xml:8890 freeculture.xml:14237
+#: freeculture.xml:468 freeculture.xml:4541 freeculture.xml:5143 freeculture.xml:8890 freeculture.xml:14241
msgid "Supreme Court, U.S."
msgstr ""
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:599 freeculture.xml:6827
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:599 freeculture.xml:6827 freeculture.xml:13993
msgid "RCA"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:1097 freeculture.xml:2346 freeculture.xml:2358 freeculture.xml:2442 freeculture.xml:2476 freeculture.xml:2502 freeculture.xml:2752 freeculture.xml:4158 freeculture.xml:6707 freeculture.xml:7564 freeculture.xml:7632 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:13460 freeculture.xml:14020 freeculture.xml:14021 freeculture.xml:14095
+#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:1097 freeculture.xml:2346 freeculture.xml:2358 freeculture.xml:2442 freeculture.xml:2476 freeculture.xml:2502 freeculture.xml:2752 freeculture.xml:4158 freeculture.xml:6707 freeculture.xml:7564 freeculture.xml:7632 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:13460 freeculture.xml:14024 freeculture.xml:14025 freeculture.xml:14099
msgid "Internet"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:4692 freeculture.xml:13460 freeculture.xml:14020
+#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:4692 freeculture.xml:13460 freeculture.xml:14024
msgid "development of"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:810 freeculture.xml:1698 freeculture.xml:5250 freeculture.xml:6478 freeculture.xml:14060
+#: freeculture.xml:810 freeculture.xml:1698 freeculture.xml:5250 freeculture.xml:6478 freeculture.xml:14064
msgid "free culture"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:912 freeculture.xml:922 freeculture.xml:15248
+#: freeculture.xml:912 freeculture.xml:922 freeculture.xml:15253
msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1337 freeculture.xml:1496 freeculture.xml:3004 freeculture.xml:3703 freeculture.xml:7389 freeculture.xml:7567 freeculture.xml:15314
+#: freeculture.xml:1337 freeculture.xml:1496 freeculture.xml:3004 freeculture.xml:3703 freeculture.xml:7389 freeculture.xml:7567 freeculture.xml:15319
msgid "piracy"
msgstr ""
"the culture around us and makes it something different."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1431 freeculture.xml:4745 freeculture.xml:4746 freeculture.xml:4812 freeculture.xml:4850 freeculture.xml:4906 freeculture.xml:4952 freeculture.xml:5087 freeculture.xml:5181 freeculture.xml:6675 freeculture.xml:6975 freeculture.xml:6976 freeculture.xml:6979 freeculture.xml:7048 freeculture.xml:7074 freeculture.xml:7113 freeculture.xml:7236 freeculture.xml:7283 freeculture.xml:7320 freeculture.xml:7623 freeculture.xml:7794 freeculture.xml:11112 freeculture.xml:11136 freeculture.xml:11465 freeculture.xml:11466
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1431 freeculture.xml:4745 freeculture.xml:4746 freeculture.xml:4812 freeculture.xml:4850 freeculture.xml:4906 freeculture.xml:4952 freeculture.xml:5087 freeculture.xml:5181 freeculture.xml:6675 freeculture.xml:6975 freeculture.xml:6976 freeculture.xml:6979 freeculture.xml:7048 freeculture.xml:7074 freeculture.xml:7113 freeculture.xml:7236 freeculture.xml:7283 freeculture.xml:7320 freeculture.xml:7623 freeculture.xml:7794 freeculture.xml:11112 freeculture.xml:11136 freeculture.xml:11465 freeculture.xml:11466 freeculture.xml:13972 freeculture.xml:14006
msgid "copyright"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1432 freeculture.xml:1433 freeculture.xml:5182 freeculture.xml:7078 freeculture.xml:7201 freeculture.xml:8086 freeculture.xml:11046 freeculture.xml:13464 freeculture.xml:14254 freeculture.xml:14255
+#: freeculture.xml:1432 freeculture.xml:1433 freeculture.xml:5182 freeculture.xml:7078 freeculture.xml:7201 freeculture.xml:8086 freeculture.xml:11046 freeculture.xml:13464 freeculture.xml:14258 freeculture.xml:14259
msgid "public domain"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2074 freeculture.xml:6784 freeculture.xml:8857 freeculture.xml:8891 freeculture.xml:15312
+#: freeculture.xml:2074 freeculture.xml:6784 freeculture.xml:8857 freeculture.xml:8891 freeculture.xml:15317
msgid "television"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2947 freeculture.xml:3331 freeculture.xml:4276 freeculture.xml:5538 freeculture.xml:5587 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15213 freeculture.xml:15278
+#: freeculture.xml:2947 freeculture.xml:3331 freeculture.xml:4276 freeculture.xml:5538 freeculture.xml:5587 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15218 freeculture.xml:15283
msgid "artists"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2947 freeculture.xml:3331 freeculture.xml:4276 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15213 freeculture.xml:15278
+#: freeculture.xml:2947 freeculture.xml:3331 freeculture.xml:4276 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15218 freeculture.xml:15283
msgid "recording industry payments to"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3253 freeculture.xml:14909
+#: freeculture.xml:3253 freeculture.xml:14914
msgid "Grisham, John"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3409 freeculture.xml:4300 freeculture.xml:8580 freeculture.xml:8619 freeculture.xml:15311
+#: freeculture.xml:3409 freeculture.xml:4300 freeculture.xml:8580 freeculture.xml:8619 freeculture.xml:15316
msgid "cable television"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3572 freeculture.xml:3652 freeculture.xml:3702 freeculture.xml:15313
+#: freeculture.xml:3572 freeculture.xml:3652 freeculture.xml:3702 freeculture.xml:15318
msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3573 freeculture.xml:4025 freeculture.xml:9877 freeculture.xml:10732 freeculture.xml:14704 freeculture.xml:15295
+#: freeculture.xml:3573 freeculture.xml:4025 freeculture.xml:9877 freeculture.xml:10732 freeculture.xml:14709 freeculture.xml:15300
msgid "CDs"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3667 freeculture.xml:3946 freeculture.xml:15461
+#: freeculture.xml:3667 freeculture.xml:3946 freeculture.xml:15466
msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3703 freeculture.xml:15314
+#: freeculture.xml:3703 freeculture.xml:15319
msgid "in Asia"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3704 freeculture.xml:13561 freeculture.xml:14147
+#: freeculture.xml:3704 freeculture.xml:13561 freeculture.xml:14151
msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3705 freeculture.xml:3735 freeculture.xml:12041 freeculture.xml:13576 freeculture.xml:14203
+#: freeculture.xml:3705 freeculture.xml:3735 freeculture.xml:12041 freeculture.xml:13576 freeculture.xml:14207
msgid "GNU/Linux operating system"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3706 freeculture.xml:3736 freeculture.xml:12043 freeculture.xml:13577 freeculture.xml:14204
+#: freeculture.xml:3706 freeculture.xml:3736 freeculture.xml:12043 freeculture.xml:13577 freeculture.xml:14208
msgid "Linux operating system"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3724 freeculture.xml:4767 freeculture.xml:4991 freeculture.xml:6481 freeculture.xml:6557 freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:7104 freeculture.xml:14235
+#: freeculture.xml:3724 freeculture.xml:4767 freeculture.xml:4991 freeculture.xml:6481 freeculture.xml:6557 freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:7104 freeculture.xml:14239
msgid "law"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3724 freeculture.xml:14235
+#: freeculture.xml:3724 freeculture.xml:14239
msgid "databases of case reports in"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3963 freeculture.xml:3972 freeculture.xml:4332 freeculture.xml:8375 freeculture.xml:8404 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:15021
+#: freeculture.xml:3963 freeculture.xml:3972 freeculture.xml:4332 freeculture.xml:8375 freeculture.xml:8404 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:15026
msgid "cassette recording"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3963 freeculture.xml:4332 freeculture.xml:8375 freeculture.xml:8404 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:15021 freeculture.xml:15022
+#: freeculture.xml:3963 freeculture.xml:4332 freeculture.xml:8375 freeculture.xml:8404 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:15026 freeculture.xml:15027
msgid "VCRs"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4127 freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4180 freeculture.xml:4691 freeculture.xml:6151 freeculture.xml:6156 freeculture.xml:6208 freeculture.xml:7175 freeculture.xml:7176 freeculture.xml:7562 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:7919 freeculture.xml:14407 freeculture.xml:15133 freeculture.xml:15134
+#: freeculture.xml:4127 freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4180 freeculture.xml:4691 freeculture.xml:6151 freeculture.xml:6156 freeculture.xml:6208 freeculture.xml:7175 freeculture.xml:7176 freeculture.xml:7562 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:7919 freeculture.xml:14411 freeculture.xml:15138 freeculture.xml:15139
msgid "books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4127 freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:7175 freeculture.xml:15134
+#: freeculture.xml:4127 freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:7175 freeculture.xml:15139
msgid "resales of"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:6151 freeculture.xml:6156 freeculture.xml:7176 freeculture.xml:15133
+#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:6151 freeculture.xml:6156 freeculture.xml:7176 freeculture.xml:15138
msgid "out of print"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4180 freeculture.xml:14407
+#: freeculture.xml:4180 freeculture.xml:14411
msgid "free on-line releases of"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4632 freeculture.xml:6442 freeculture.xml:14394
+#: freeculture.xml:4632 freeculture.xml:6442 freeculture.xml:14398
msgid "Jefferson, Thomas"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5049 freeculture.xml:15558
+#: freeculture.xml:5049 freeculture.xml:15563
msgid "Rose, Mark"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5528 freeculture.xml:5588 freeculture.xml:5773 freeculture.xml:10489 freeculture.xml:14924
+#: freeculture.xml:5528 freeculture.xml:5588 freeculture.xml:5773 freeculture.xml:10489 freeculture.xml:14929
msgid "Alben, Alex"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5995 freeculture.xml:11045 freeculture.xml:14106 freeculture.xml:14236 freeculture.xml:14272
+#: freeculture.xml:5995 freeculture.xml:11045 freeculture.xml:14110 freeculture.xml:14240 freeculture.xml:14276
msgid "libraries"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6822 freeculture.xml:15500
+#: freeculture.xml:6822 freeculture.xml:15505
msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7200 freeculture.xml:7235 freeculture.xml:11137 freeculture.xml:15418
+#: freeculture.xml:7200 freeculture.xml:7235 freeculture.xml:11137 freeculture.xml:15423
msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7755 freeculture.xml:15315
+#: freeculture.xml:7755 freeculture.xml:15320
msgid "film industry"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7763 freeculture.xml:7838 freeculture.xml:14061
+#: freeculture.xml:7763 freeculture.xml:7838 freeculture.xml:14065
msgid "browsing"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10488 freeculture.xml:15294
+#: freeculture.xml:10488 freeculture.xml:15299
msgid "Real Networks"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13457 freeculture.xml:14227
+#: freeculture.xml:13457 freeculture.xml:14231
msgid "academic journals"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13461 freeculture.xml:13578 freeculture.xml:14146
+#: freeculture.xml:13461 freeculture.xml:13578 freeculture.xml:14150
msgid "IBM"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13462 freeculture.xml:14293
+#: freeculture.xml:13462 freeculture.xml:14297
msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13463 freeculture.xml:14294
+#: freeculture.xml:13463 freeculture.xml:14298
msgid "Public Library of Science (PLoS)"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13562 freeculture.xml:15292
+#: freeculture.xml:13562 freeculture.xml:15297
msgid "Apple Corporation"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13933 freeculture.xml:14324
+#: freeculture.xml:13933 freeculture.xml:14328
msgid "Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
msgid "Afterword"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13972 freeculture.xml:14006
+msgid "voluntary reform efforts on"
+msgstr ""
+
#. PAGE BREAK 280
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13975
+#: freeculture.xml:13976
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will "
"agree with me that something must be done to change where we are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13980
+#: freeculture.xml:13981
msgid ""
"I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
"which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13986
+#: freeculture.xml:13987
msgid ""
"That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
"significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13993
+#: freeculture.xml:13996
msgid ""
"Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
"an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14002
+#: freeculture.xml:14005
msgid "Us, now"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14004
+#: freeculture.xml:14008
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright "
"warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes—as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14011
+#: freeculture.xml:14015
msgid ""
"The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
"this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14021
+#: freeculture.xml:14025
msgid "initial free character of"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 282
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14023
+#: freeculture.xml:14027
msgid ""
"When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
"tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14035
+#: freeculture.xml:14039
msgid ""
"This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
"by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14051
+#: freeculture.xml:14055
msgid ""
"What's needed is a way to say something in the middle—neither "
"<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14059
+#: freeculture.xml:14063
msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14060
+#: freeculture.xml:14064
msgid "restoration efforts on previous aspects of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14062
+#: freeculture.xml:14066
msgid "privacy rights"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14064
+#: freeculture.xml:14068
msgid ""
"If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
"recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14074
+#: freeculture.xml:14078
msgid "What made it assured?"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14078
+#: freeculture.xml:14082
msgid ""
"Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14093
+#: freeculture.xml:14097
msgid "Amazon"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14094
+#: freeculture.xml:14098
msgid "cookies, Internet"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14095
+#: freeculture.xml:14099
msgid "privacy protection on"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14097
+#: freeculture.xml:14101
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
"become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14106
+#: freeculture.xml:14110
msgid "privacy rights in use of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14108
+#: freeculture.xml:14112
msgid ""
"Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
"libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14126
+#: freeculture.xml:14130
msgid ""
"See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the "
"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> "
#. PAGE BREAK 284
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14120
+#: freeculture.xml:14124
msgid ""
"It is this reality that explains the push of many to define "
"<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14145
+#: freeculture.xml:14149
msgid "Data General"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14149
+#: freeculture.xml:14153
msgid ""
"A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software "
"movement. When computers with software were first made available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14156
+#: freeculture.xml:14160
msgid "Stallman, Richard"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14158
+#: freeculture.xml:14162
msgid ""
"That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
"researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14166
+#: freeculture.xml:14170
msgid ""
"In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
"math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14177
+#: freeculture.xml:14181
msgid "proprietary code"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14179
+#: freeculture.xml:14183
msgid ""
"No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
"computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system "
#. PAGE BREAK 285
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14188
+#: freeculture.xml:14192
msgid ""
"Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
"1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code. The world of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14197
+#: freeculture.xml:14201
msgid "Torvalds, Linus"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14199
+#: freeculture.xml:14203
msgid ""
"Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
"system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14207
+#: freeculture.xml:14211
msgid ""
"Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
"that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14218
+#: freeculture.xml:14222
msgid ""
"Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
"privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14228
+#: freeculture.xml:14232
msgid "scientific journals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14230
+#: freeculture.xml:14234
msgid ""
"Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
"the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14234
+#: freeculture.xml:14238
msgid "Lexis and Westlaw"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14236 freeculture.xml:14272
+#: freeculture.xml:14240 freeculture.xml:14276
msgid "journals in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14237
+#: freeculture.xml:14241
msgid "access to opinions of"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 286
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14239
+#: freeculture.xml:14243
msgid ""
"As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
"printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14254
+#: freeculture.xml:14258
msgid "access fees for material in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14255
+#: freeculture.xml:14259
msgid "license system for rebuilding of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14257
+#: freeculture.xml:14261
msgid ""
"There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
"charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14268
+#: freeculture.xml:14272
msgid ""
"But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
"through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14274
+#: freeculture.xml:14278
msgid ""
"As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
"scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14286
+#: freeculture.xml:14290
msgid ""
"As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
"libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means "
#. PAGE BREAK 287
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14296
+#: freeculture.xml:14300
msgid ""
"This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
"freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14310
+#: freeculture.xml:14314
msgid ""
"This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
"before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets. There's no "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14323
+#: freeculture.xml:14327
msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14326
+#: freeculture.xml:14330
msgid ""
"The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
"increasing control effected through law and technology."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14329
+#: freeculture.xml:14333
msgid "Stanford University"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14331
+#: freeculture.xml:14335
msgid ""
"Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
"established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "
#. PAGE BREAK 288
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14342
+#: freeculture.xml:14346
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>—which means without a middleman, or "
"without a lawyer. By developing a free set of licenses that people can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14360
+#: freeculture.xml:14364
msgid ""
"These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
"contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14371
+#: freeculture.xml:14375
msgid ""
"These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
"copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14381
+#: freeculture.xml:14385
msgid "Garlick, Mia"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 289
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14383
+#: freeculture.xml:14387
msgid ""
"This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons. And of "
"course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14396
+#: freeculture.xml:14400
msgid ""
"The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The "
"aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14409
+#: freeculture.xml:14413
msgid ""
"Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
"to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14416
+#: freeculture.xml:14420
msgid ""
"Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
"like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1) those who will buy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14428
+#: freeculture.xml:14432
msgid ""
"Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion. "
"The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14433
+#: freeculture.xml:14437
msgid "Free for All (Wayner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14434
+#: freeculture.xml:14438
msgid "Wayner, Peter"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 290
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14436
+#: freeculture.xml:14440
msgid ""
"The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
"confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14447
-msgid "Public Enemy"
+#: freeculture.xml:14451
+msgid "Leaphart, Walter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14448
-msgid "rap music"
+#: freeculture.xml:14452
+msgid "Public Enemy"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14449
-msgid "Leaphart, Walter"
+#: freeculture.xml:14454
+msgid "rap music"
msgstr ""
#. f2.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14466
+#: freeculture.xml:14471
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
"Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14451
+#: freeculture.xml:14456
msgid ""
"These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
"content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14475
+#: freeculture.xml:14480
msgid ""
"Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
"license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
#. PAGE BREAK 291
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14487
+#: freeculture.xml:14492
msgid ""
"In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
"objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14497
+#: freeculture.xml:14502
msgid ""
"These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
"arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14505
+#: freeculture.xml:14510
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
"creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14519
+#: freeculture.xml:14524
msgid "Them, soon"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14521
+#: freeculture.xml:14526
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by "
"individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14528
+#: freeculture.xml:14533
msgid ""
"In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
"one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14535
+#: freeculture.xml:14540
msgid "1. More Formalities"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14537
+#: freeculture.xml:14542
msgid ""
"If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
"upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed. If "
#. PAGE BREAK 293
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14544
+#: freeculture.xml:14549
msgid ""
"These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
"that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14549
+#: freeculture.xml:14554
msgid ""
"In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
"regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14555
+#: freeculture.xml:14560
msgid "Why?"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14558
+#: freeculture.xml:14563
msgid ""
"As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
"linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14567
+#: freeculture.xml:14572
msgid ""
"But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a "
"burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens "
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14581
+#: freeculture.xml:14586
msgid ""
"The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only. "
"Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14579
+#: freeculture.xml:14584
msgid ""
"The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>—but it should not change it by going back "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14589
+#: freeculture.xml:14594
msgid ""
"The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
"copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14601
+#: freeculture.xml:14606
msgid "Registration and renewal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14603
+#: freeculture.xml:14608
msgid ""
"Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
"Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14616
+#: freeculture.xml:14621
msgid ""
"Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
"extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14625
+#: freeculture.xml:14630
msgid ""
"In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet. There "
"are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world. Domain name "
#. PAGE BREAK 295
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14635
+#: freeculture.xml:14640
msgid ""
"We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
"copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14650
+#: freeculture.xml:14655
msgid "Marking"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14652
+#: freeculture.xml:14657
msgid ""
"It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
"work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14662
+#: freeculture.xml:14667
msgid ""
"The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
"and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14668
+#: freeculture.xml:14673
msgid ""
"One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
"different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear "
#. f2.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14685
+#: freeculture.xml:14690
msgid ""
"There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
"here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system "
#. PAGE BREAK 296
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14678
+#: freeculture.xml:14683
msgid ""
"Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
"published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14698
+#: freeculture.xml:14703
msgid ""
"That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
"again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14704
+#: freeculture.xml:14709
msgid "copyright marking of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14706
+#: freeculture.xml:14711
msgid ""
"For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
"marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14718
+#: freeculture.xml:14723
msgid ""
"Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements. "
"If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14726
+#: freeculture.xml:14731
msgid ""
"The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
"does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14731
+#: freeculture.xml:14736
msgid ""
"If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
"difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14743
+#: freeculture.xml:14748
msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14745
+#: freeculture.xml:14750
msgid ""
"The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
"corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14758
+#: freeculture.xml:14763
msgid ""
"<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
"(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14750
+#: freeculture.xml:14755
msgid ""
"In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a "
"seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14765
+#: freeculture.xml:14770
msgid ""
"I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
"term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles "
#. (1)
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14773
+#: freeculture.xml:14778
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
"to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong "
#. (2)
#. PAGE BREAK 298
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14782
+#: freeculture.xml:14787
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
"protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14794
+#: freeculture.xml:14799
msgid "veterans' pensions"
msgstr ""
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14805
+#: freeculture.xml:14810
msgid ""
"Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation "
"and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14797
+#: freeculture.xml:14802
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed. "
"Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
#. (4)
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14816
+#: freeculture.xml:14821
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
"should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14832
+#: freeculture.xml:14837
msgid ""
"These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
"copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14838
+#: freeculture.xml:14843
msgid ""
"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
"all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14848
+#: freeculture.xml:14853
msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14852
+#: freeculture.xml:14857
msgid ""
"As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
"property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14860
+#: freeculture.xml:14865
msgid ""
"Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive "
"right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14868
+#: freeculture.xml:14873
msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin"
msgstr ""
#. f5.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14874
+#: freeculture.xml:14879
msgid ""
"Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
"York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14870
+#: freeculture.xml:14875
msgid ""
"Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
"exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
#. f6.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14887
+#: freeculture.xml:14892
msgid "Ibid., 56."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14883
+#: freeculture.xml:14888
msgid ""
"So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
"of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14892
+#: freeculture.xml:14897
msgid ""
"I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
"the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14899
+#: freeculture.xml:14904
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
"then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14912
+#: freeculture.xml:14917
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
"be narrowed. Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14926
+#: freeculture.xml:14931
msgid ""
"This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
"Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14942
+#: freeculture.xml:14947
msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14940
+#: freeculture.xml:14945
msgid ""
"Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
"Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14934
+#: freeculture.xml:14939
msgid ""
"In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
"the presumption should be that other uses are not protected. This is the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14948
+#: freeculture.xml:14953
msgid ""
"Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
"system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the "
#. PAGE BREAK 301
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14955
+#: freeculture.xml:14960
msgid ""
"The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
"part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14965
+#: freeculture.xml:14970
msgid "4. Liberate the Music—Again"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14967
+#: freeculture.xml:14972
msgid ""
"The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
"fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14974
+#: freeculture.xml:14979
msgid ""
"The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
"growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14983
+#: freeculture.xml:14988
msgid ""
"The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
"particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14990
+#: freeculture.xml:14995
msgid ""
"File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
"content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
#. A.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14999
+#: freeculture.xml:15004
msgid ""
"There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
"CDs."
#. B.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15004
+#: freeculture.xml:15009
msgid ""
"There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
"purchasing CDs."
#. PAGE BREAK 302
#. C.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15010
+#: freeculture.xml:15015
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
#. D.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15016
+#: freeculture.xml:15021
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15024
+#: freeculture.xml:15029
msgid ""
"Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
"avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15032
+#: freeculture.xml:15037
msgid ""
"As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
"linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15040
+#: freeculture.xml:15045
msgid ""
"Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
"that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15045
+#: freeculture.xml:15050
msgid ""
"Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
"today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of "
#. PAGE BREAK 303
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15057
+#: freeculture.xml:15062
msgid ""
"But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
"Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15071
+#: freeculture.xml:15076
msgid "cell phones, music streamed over"
msgstr ""
#. f8.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15091
+#: freeculture.xml:15096
msgid ""
"See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan "
"Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15073
+#: freeculture.xml:15078
msgid ""
"In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
"you access to content on the fly—such as Internet radio, content that "
#. PAGE BREAK 304
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15098
+#: freeculture.xml:15103
msgid ""
"This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
"present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15114
+#: freeculture.xml:15119
msgid ""
"The answer begins with recognizing that there are different "
"<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15125
+#: freeculture.xml:15130
msgid ""
"Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content "
"that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15136
+#: freeculture.xml:15141
msgid ""
"Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
"it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15146
+#: freeculture.xml:15151
msgid ""
"The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem "
"out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the "
#. PAGE BREAK 305
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15157
+#: freeculture.xml:15162
msgid ""
"Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
"that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15167
+#: freeculture.xml:15172
msgid ""
"This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
"available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15177
+#: freeculture.xml:15182
msgid ""
"The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
"because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15185
+#: freeculture.xml:15190
msgid ""
"So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
"this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15189
+#: freeculture.xml:15194
msgid ""
"Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
"the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet) has harmed a "
#. PAGE BREAK 306
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15200
+#: freeculture.xml:15205
msgid ""
"I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
"asbestos. But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15207 freeculture.xml:15249
+#: freeculture.xml:15212 freeculture.xml:15254
msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15247
+#: freeculture.xml:15252
msgid "Fisher, William"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15213
+#: freeculture.xml:15218
msgid ""
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, "
"<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15209
+#: freeculture.xml:15214
msgid ""
"The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
"Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15263
+#: freeculture.xml:15268
msgid ""
"Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
"questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, "
#. PAGE BREAK 307
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15280
+#: freeculture.xml:15285
msgid ""
"Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
"not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15293
+#: freeculture.xml:15298
msgid "MusicStore"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15295
+#: freeculture.xml:15300
msgid "prices of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15297
+#: freeculture.xml:15302
msgid ""
"No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of "
"<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15312
+#: freeculture.xml:15317
msgid "cable vs. broadcast"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15315
+#: freeculture.xml:15320
msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15317
+#: freeculture.xml:15322
msgid ""
"This competition has already occurred against the background of "
"<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15329
+#: freeculture.xml:15334
msgid ""
"This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
"lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15338
+#: freeculture.xml:15343
msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 308
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15343
+#: freeculture.xml:15348
msgid ""
"The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
"transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15350
+#: freeculture.xml:15355
msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
msgstr ""
#. 1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15356
+#: freeculture.xml:15361
msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
msgstr ""
#. 2.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15360
+#: freeculture.xml:15365
msgid ""
"permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
"type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
#. 3.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15366
+#: freeculture.xml:15371
msgid ""
"while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
"extent actual harm is demonstrated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15371
+#: freeculture.xml:15376
msgid ""
"But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
"competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15377
+#: freeculture.xml:15382
msgid ""
"Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
"develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
#. PAGE BREAK 309
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15391
+#: freeculture.xml:15396
msgid ""
"But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
"type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15402
+#: freeculture.xml:15407
msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15404
+#: freeculture.xml:15409
msgid ""
"I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
"in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15410
+#: freeculture.xml:15415
msgid ""
"Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
"have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15417
+#: freeculture.xml:15422
msgid "Nimmer, Melville"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15418
+#: freeculture.xml:15423
msgid "Supreme Court challenge of"
msgstr ""
#. f10.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15429
+#: freeculture.xml:15434
msgid ""
"Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville "
"B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15420
+#: freeculture.xml:15425
msgid ""
"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
"<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15435
+#: freeculture.xml:15440
msgid ""
"However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
"not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15445
+#: freeculture.xml:15450
msgid ""
"A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
"commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15440
+#: freeculture.xml:15445
msgid ""
"Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits. But "
"more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
#. PAGE BREAK 310
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15469
+#: freeculture.xml:15474
msgid ""
"But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
"anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15477
+#: freeculture.xml:15482
msgid ""
"These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
"the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15487
+#: freeculture.xml:15492
msgid ""
"The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
"tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15495
+#: freeculture.xml:15500
msgid ""
"But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
"from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15502
+#: freeculture.xml:15507
msgid ""
"Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
"technology—the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
#. PAGE BREAK 311
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15511
+#: freeculture.xml:15516
msgid ""
"The law should regulate in certain areas of culture—but it should "
"regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15520
+#: freeculture.xml:15525
msgid ""
"We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is "
"needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15529
+#: freeculture.xml:15534
msgid "Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15531
+#: freeculture.xml:15536
msgid ""
"Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide "
"Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15551
+#: freeculture.xml:15556
msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15553
+#: freeculture.xml:15558
msgid ""
"This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that "
"began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15560
+#: freeculture.xml:15565
msgid ""
"I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including "
"Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and "
#. PAGE BREAK 337
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15573
+#: freeculture.xml:15578
msgid ""
"Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its "
"culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15584
+#: freeculture.xml:15589
msgid ""
"These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw "
"upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15604
+#: freeculture.xml:15609
msgid ""
"Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and "
"each provided extremely helpful correction and advice. Michael helped me to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15613
+#: freeculture.xml:15618
msgid ""
"Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that "
"there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15623
+#: freeculture.xml:15628
msgid "About this edition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15625
+#: freeculture.xml:15630
msgid ""
"This edition of <citetitle>Free Culture</citetitle> is the result of three "
"years of volunteer work. The idea came from a discussion I had around ten "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15637
+#: freeculture.xml:15642
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project, I already had experience "
"translating Docbook documents, and it seemed like a good format for this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15649
+#: freeculture.xml:15654
msgid ""
"Several people joined, and Anders Hagen Jarmund, Kirill Miazine, Odd Kleiva, "
"Kjetil Kilhavn og Kjetil T. Homme assisted with the initial translation. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15668
+#: freeculture.xml:15673
msgid ""
"At the end of the project, when the translation was done and it was time to "
"publish, NUUG Foundation was asked and was willing to sponsor books to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15675
+#: freeculture.xml:15680
msgid ""
"In addition to these great contributors, I am very grateful to Mari and my "
"family for their patience with me in this project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15680
+#: freeculture.xml:15685
msgid "— Petter Reinholdtsen, Oslo 2015-09-07"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15690
+#: freeculture.xml:15695
msgid ""
"Free culture: How big media uses technology and the law to lock down culture "
"and control creativity / Lawrence Lessig."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15694
+#: freeculture.xml:15699
msgid "Copyright © 2004 Lawrence Lessig. Some rights reserved."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15698
+#: freeculture.xml:15703
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15702
+#: freeculture.xml:15707
msgid ""
"Published in English and Norwegian Bokmål 2015 by Petter Reinholdtsen with "
"help from many volunteers. Typeset with dblatex using the font Crimson "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15708
+#: freeculture.xml:15713
msgid "First published 2004 by The Penguin Press."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15712
+#: freeculture.xml:15717
msgid ""
"Excerpt from an editorial titled <quote>The Coming of Copyright "
"Perpetuity,</quote> <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, January 16, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15718
+#: freeculture.xml:15723
msgid ""
"Cartoon in figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
"linkend=\"fig-1711-vcr-handgun-cartoonfig\"/> by Paul Conrad, copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15724
+#: freeculture.xml:15729
msgid ""
"Diagram in figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
"linkend=\"fig-1761-pattern-modern-media-ownership\"/> courtesy of the office "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15730
+#: freeculture.xml:15735
msgid "Cover created by Petter Reinholdtsen using inkscape."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15734
+#: freeculture.xml:15739
msgid ""
"The quotes on the cover came from <ulink "
"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/jacket/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15739
+#: freeculture.xml:15744
msgid ""
"Portrait on the cover was created 2013 by ActuaLitté and licensed under a "
"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license. It was downloaded from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15746
+#: freeculture.xml:15751
msgid "Classifications:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15750
+#: freeculture.xml:15755
msgid "(Dewey) 306.4, 306.40973, 306.46, 341.7582, 343.7309/9"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15759
+#: freeculture.xml:15764
msgid "(UDK) 347.78"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15763
+#: freeculture.xml:15768
msgid "(US Library of Congress) KF2979.L47 2004"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15767
+#: freeculture.xml:15772
msgid "(ACM CRCS) K.4.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15771
+#: freeculture.xml:15776
msgid "Thomas Gramstad Forlag donated the ISBN numbers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15775
+#: freeculture.xml:15780
msgid ""
"Printing was sponsed by NUUG Foundation, <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.nuugfoundation.no/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15780
+#: freeculture.xml:15785
msgid "Includes index."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15787
+#: freeculture.xml:15792
msgid ""
"The Docbook source is available from <ulink "
"url=\"https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig\"/>. Please "
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><colophon><para><informalfigure><graphic>
-#: freeculture.xml:15794
+#: freeculture.xml:15799
msgid "images/cc.svg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15806
+#: freeculture.xml:15811
msgid ""
"This book is a proof reading draft. Please visit the github URL above to "
"get the latest version."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15815
+#: freeculture.xml:15820
msgid "Format / MIME-type"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15816
+#: freeculture.xml:15821
msgid "ISBN"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15821
+#: freeculture.xml:15826
msgid "US Trade edition from lulu.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15822
+#: freeculture.xml:15827
msgid "978-82-8067-010-6"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15825
+#: freeculture.xml:15830
msgid "application/pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15826
+#: freeculture.xml:15831
msgid "978-82-8067-011-3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15829
+#: freeculture.xml:15834
msgid "application/epub+zip"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15830
+#: freeculture.xml:15835
msgid "978-82-8067-012-0"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15833
+#: freeculture.xml:15838
msgid "application/x-mobipocket-ebook"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15834
+#: freeculture.xml:15839
msgid "978-82-8067-013-7"
msgstr ""
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / commitdiff