From: Petter Reinholdtsen Date: Fri, 11 Sep 2015 21:17:32 +0000 (+0200) Subject: Generated. X-Git-Tag: edition-2015-10-10~110 X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-free-culture-lessig.git/commitdiff_plain/bce1f870eb7a1491287aee4749a13f45be5cfa44?ds=inline Generated. --- diff --git a/freeculture.pot b/freeculture.pot index 45ae27f..c033ef3 100644 --- a/freeculture.pot +++ b/freeculture.pot @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-09-08 14:20+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-09-11 23:15+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:95 freeculture.xml:15799 +#: freeculture.xml:95 freeculture.xml:15804 msgid "" "This book is licensed under a Creative Commons license. This license permits " "non-commercial use of this work, so long as attribution is given. For more " @@ -471,17 +471,17 @@ msgid "air traffic, land ownership vs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:427 freeculture.xml:14849 +#: freeculture.xml:427 freeculture.xml:14854 msgid "land ownership, air traffic and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:4652 freeculture.xml:13728 freeculture.xml:14850 +#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:4652 freeculture.xml:13728 freeculture.xml:14855 msgid "property rights" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:14850 +#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:14855 msgid "air traffic vs." msgstr "" @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ msgid "Douglas, William O." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:468 freeculture.xml:4541 freeculture.xml:5143 freeculture.xml:8890 freeculture.xml:14237 +#: freeculture.xml:468 freeculture.xml:4541 freeculture.xml:5143 freeculture.xml:8890 freeculture.xml:14241 msgid "Supreme Court, U.S." msgstr "" @@ -731,8 +731,8 @@ msgid "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:599 freeculture.xml:6827 +#. type: Content of: +#: freeculture.xml:599 freeculture.xml:6827 freeculture.xml:13993 msgid "RCA" msgstr "" @@ -913,12 +913,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:1097 freeculture.xml:2346 freeculture.xml:2358 freeculture.xml:2442 freeculture.xml:2476 freeculture.xml:2502 freeculture.xml:2752 freeculture.xml:4158 freeculture.xml:6707 freeculture.xml:7564 freeculture.xml:7632 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:13460 freeculture.xml:14020 freeculture.xml:14021 freeculture.xml:14095 +#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:1097 freeculture.xml:2346 freeculture.xml:2358 freeculture.xml:2442 freeculture.xml:2476 freeculture.xml:2502 freeculture.xml:2752 freeculture.xml:4158 freeculture.xml:6707 freeculture.xml:7564 freeculture.xml:7632 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:13460 freeculture.xml:14024 freeculture.xml:14025 freeculture.xml:14099 msgid "Internet" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:4692 freeculture.xml:13460 freeculture.xml:14020 +#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:4692 freeculture.xml:13460 freeculture.xml:14024 msgid "development of" msgstr "" @@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:810 freeculture.xml:1698 freeculture.xml:5250 freeculture.xml:6478 freeculture.xml:14060 +#: freeculture.xml:810 freeculture.xml:1698 freeculture.xml:5250 freeculture.xml:6478 freeculture.xml:14064 msgid "free culture" msgstr "" @@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ msgid "First Amendment" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:912 freeculture.xml:922 freeculture.xml:15248 +#: freeculture.xml:912 freeculture.xml:922 freeculture.xml:15253 msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock" msgstr "" @@ -1911,7 +1911,7 @@ msgid "piracy vs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:1337 freeculture.xml:1496 freeculture.xml:3004 freeculture.xml:3703 freeculture.xml:7389 freeculture.xml:7567 freeculture.xml:15314 +#: freeculture.xml:1337 freeculture.xml:1496 freeculture.xml:3004 freeculture.xml:3703 freeculture.xml:7389 freeculture.xml:7567 freeculture.xml:15319 msgid "piracy" msgstr "" @@ -2040,8 +2040,8 @@ msgid "" "the culture around us and makes it something different." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:1431 freeculture.xml:4745 freeculture.xml:4746 freeculture.xml:4812 freeculture.xml:4850 freeculture.xml:4906 freeculture.xml:4952 freeculture.xml:5087 freeculture.xml:5181 freeculture.xml:6675 freeculture.xml:6975 freeculture.xml:6976 freeculture.xml:6979 freeculture.xml:7048 freeculture.xml:7074 freeculture.xml:7113 freeculture.xml:7236 freeculture.xml:7283 freeculture.xml:7320 freeculture.xml:7623 freeculture.xml:7794 freeculture.xml:11112 freeculture.xml:11136 freeculture.xml:11465 freeculture.xml:11466 +#. type: Content of:
+#: freeculture.xml:1431 freeculture.xml:4745 freeculture.xml:4746 freeculture.xml:4812 freeculture.xml:4850 freeculture.xml:4906 freeculture.xml:4952 freeculture.xml:5087 freeculture.xml:5181 freeculture.xml:6675 freeculture.xml:6975 freeculture.xml:6976 freeculture.xml:6979 freeculture.xml:7048 freeculture.xml:7074 freeculture.xml:7113 freeculture.xml:7236 freeculture.xml:7283 freeculture.xml:7320 freeculture.xml:7623 freeculture.xml:7794 freeculture.xml:11112 freeculture.xml:11136 freeculture.xml:11465 freeculture.xml:11466 freeculture.xml:13972 freeculture.xml:14006 msgid "copyright" msgstr "" @@ -2051,7 +2051,7 @@ msgid "duration of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:1432 freeculture.xml:1433 freeculture.xml:5182 freeculture.xml:7078 freeculture.xml:7201 freeculture.xml:8086 freeculture.xml:11046 freeculture.xml:13464 freeculture.xml:14254 freeculture.xml:14255 +#: freeculture.xml:1432 freeculture.xml:1433 freeculture.xml:5182 freeculture.xml:7078 freeculture.xml:7201 freeculture.xml:8086 freeculture.xml:11046 freeculture.xml:13464 freeculture.xml:14258 freeculture.xml:14259 msgid "public domain" msgstr "" @@ -2959,7 +2959,7 @@ msgid "commercials" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:2074 freeculture.xml:6784 freeculture.xml:8857 freeculture.xml:8891 freeculture.xml:15312 +#: freeculture.xml:2074 freeculture.xml:6784 freeculture.xml:8857 freeculture.xml:8891 freeculture.xml:15317 msgid "television" msgstr "" @@ -4251,12 +4251,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:2947 freeculture.xml:3331 freeculture.xml:4276 freeculture.xml:5538 freeculture.xml:5587 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15213 freeculture.xml:15278 +#: freeculture.xml:2947 freeculture.xml:3331 freeculture.xml:4276 freeculture.xml:5538 freeculture.xml:5587 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15218 freeculture.xml:15283 msgid "artists" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:2947 freeculture.xml:3331 freeculture.xml:4276 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15213 freeculture.xml:15278 +#: freeculture.xml:2947 freeculture.xml:3331 freeculture.xml:4276 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15218 freeculture.xml:15283 msgid "recording industry payments to" msgstr "" @@ -4738,7 +4738,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3253 freeculture.xml:14909 +#: freeculture.xml:3253 freeculture.xml:14914 msgid "Grisham, John" msgstr "" @@ -4944,7 +4944,7 @@ msgid "Cable TV" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3409 freeculture.xml:4300 freeculture.xml:8580 freeculture.xml:8619 freeculture.xml:15311 +#: freeculture.xml:3409 freeculture.xml:4300 freeculture.xml:8580 freeculture.xml:8619 freeculture.xml:15316 msgid "cable television" msgstr "" @@ -5188,12 +5188,12 @@ msgid "Piracy I" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3572 freeculture.xml:3652 freeculture.xml:3702 freeculture.xml:15313 +#: freeculture.xml:3572 freeculture.xml:3652 freeculture.xml:3702 freeculture.xml:15318 msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3573 freeculture.xml:4025 freeculture.xml:9877 freeculture.xml:10732 freeculture.xml:14704 freeculture.xml:15295 +#: freeculture.xml:3573 freeculture.xml:4025 freeculture.xml:9877 freeculture.xml:10732 freeculture.xml:14709 freeculture.xml:15300 msgid "CDs" msgstr "" @@ -5312,7 +5312,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3667 freeculture.xml:3946 freeculture.xml:15461 +#: freeculture.xml:3667 freeculture.xml:3946 freeculture.xml:15466 msgid "Liebowitz, Stan" msgstr "" @@ -5375,22 +5375,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3703 freeculture.xml:15314 +#: freeculture.xml:3703 freeculture.xml:15319 msgid "in Asia" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3704 freeculture.xml:13561 freeculture.xml:14147 +#: freeculture.xml:3704 freeculture.xml:13561 freeculture.xml:14151 msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3705 freeculture.xml:3735 freeculture.xml:12041 freeculture.xml:13576 freeculture.xml:14203 +#: freeculture.xml:3705 freeculture.xml:3735 freeculture.xml:12041 freeculture.xml:13576 freeculture.xml:14207 msgid "GNU/Linux operating system" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3706 freeculture.xml:3736 freeculture.xml:12043 freeculture.xml:13577 freeculture.xml:14204 +#: freeculture.xml:3706 freeculture.xml:3736 freeculture.xml:12043 freeculture.xml:13577 freeculture.xml:14208 msgid "Linux operating system" msgstr "" @@ -5431,12 +5431,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3724 freeculture.xml:4767 freeculture.xml:4991 freeculture.xml:6481 freeculture.xml:6557 freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:7104 freeculture.xml:14235 +#: freeculture.xml:3724 freeculture.xml:4767 freeculture.xml:4991 freeculture.xml:6481 freeculture.xml:6557 freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:7104 freeculture.xml:14239 msgid "law" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3724 freeculture.xml:14235 +#: freeculture.xml:3724 freeculture.xml:14239 msgid "databases of case reports in" msgstr "" @@ -5785,12 +5785,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3963 freeculture.xml:3972 freeculture.xml:4332 freeculture.xml:8375 freeculture.xml:8404 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:15021 +#: freeculture.xml:3963 freeculture.xml:3972 freeculture.xml:4332 freeculture.xml:8375 freeculture.xml:8404 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:15026 msgid "cassette recording" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3963 freeculture.xml:4332 freeculture.xml:8375 freeculture.xml:8404 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:15021 freeculture.xml:15022 +#: freeculture.xml:3963 freeculture.xml:4332 freeculture.xml:8375 freeculture.xml:8404 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:15026 freeculture.xml:15027 msgid "VCRs" msgstr "" @@ -6005,12 +6005,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4127 freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4180 freeculture.xml:4691 freeculture.xml:6151 freeculture.xml:6156 freeculture.xml:6208 freeculture.xml:7175 freeculture.xml:7176 freeculture.xml:7562 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:7919 freeculture.xml:14407 freeculture.xml:15133 freeculture.xml:15134 +#: freeculture.xml:4127 freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4180 freeculture.xml:4691 freeculture.xml:6151 freeculture.xml:6156 freeculture.xml:6208 freeculture.xml:7175 freeculture.xml:7176 freeculture.xml:7562 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:7919 freeculture.xml:14411 freeculture.xml:15138 freeculture.xml:15139 msgid "books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4127 freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:7175 freeculture.xml:15134 +#: freeculture.xml:4127 freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:7175 freeculture.xml:15139 msgid "resales of" msgstr "" @@ -6044,7 +6044,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:6151 freeculture.xml:6156 freeculture.xml:7176 freeculture.xml:15133 +#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:6151 freeculture.xml:6156 freeculture.xml:7176 freeculture.xml:15138 msgid "out of print" msgstr "" @@ -6086,7 +6086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4180 freeculture.xml:14407 +#: freeculture.xml:4180 freeculture.xml:14411 msgid "free on-line releases of" msgstr "" @@ -6684,7 +6684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4632 freeculture.xml:6442 freeculture.xml:14394 +#: freeculture.xml:4632 freeculture.xml:6442 freeculture.xml:14398 msgid "Jefferson, Thomas" msgstr "" @@ -7298,7 +7298,7 @@ msgid "Erskine, Andrew" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:5049 freeculture.xml:15558 +#: freeculture.xml:5049 freeculture.xml:15563 msgid "Rose, Mark" msgstr "" @@ -7979,7 +7979,7 @@ msgid "Allen, Paul" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:5528 freeculture.xml:5588 freeculture.xml:5773 freeculture.xml:10489 freeculture.xml:14924 +#: freeculture.xml:5528 freeculture.xml:5588 freeculture.xml:5773 freeculture.xml:10489 freeculture.xml:14929 msgid "Alben, Alex" msgstr "" @@ -8649,7 +8649,7 @@ msgid "Vanderbilt University" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:5995 freeculture.xml:11045 freeculture.xml:14106 freeculture.xml:14236 freeculture.xml:14272 +#: freeculture.xml:5995 freeculture.xml:11045 freeculture.xml:14110 freeculture.xml:14240 freeculture.xml:14276 msgid "libraries" msgstr "" @@ -9782,7 +9782,7 @@ msgid "free market, technological changes in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:6822 freeculture.xml:15500 +#: freeculture.xml:6822 freeculture.xml:15505 msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid" msgstr "" @@ -10351,7 +10351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:7200 freeculture.xml:7235 freeculture.xml:11137 freeculture.xml:15418 +#: freeculture.xml:7200 freeculture.xml:7235 freeculture.xml:11137 freeculture.xml:15423 msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)" msgstr "" @@ -11084,7 +11084,7 @@ msgid "Video Pipeline" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:7755 freeculture.xml:15315 +#: freeculture.xml:7755 freeculture.xml:15320 msgid "film industry" msgstr "" @@ -11104,7 +11104,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:7763 freeculture.xml:7838 freeculture.xml:14061 +#: freeculture.xml:7763 freeculture.xml:7838 freeculture.xml:14065 msgid "browsing" msgstr "" @@ -14704,7 +14704,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:10488 freeculture.xml:15294 +#: freeculture.xml:10488 freeculture.xml:15299 msgid "Real Networks" msgstr "" @@ -18594,7 +18594,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13457 freeculture.xml:14227 +#: freeculture.xml:13457 freeculture.xml:14231 msgid "academic journals" msgstr "" @@ -18609,17 +18609,17 @@ msgid "international organization on issues of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13461 freeculture.xml:13578 freeculture.xml:14146 +#: freeculture.xml:13461 freeculture.xml:13578 freeculture.xml:14150 msgid "IBM" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13462 freeculture.xml:14293 +#: freeculture.xml:13462 freeculture.xml:14297 msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13463 freeculture.xml:14294 +#: freeculture.xml:13463 freeculture.xml:14298 msgid "Public Library of Science (PLoS)" msgstr "" @@ -18769,7 +18769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13562 freeculture.xml:15292 +#: freeculture.xml:13562 freeculture.xml:15297 msgid "Apple Corporation" msgstr "" @@ -19271,7 +19271,7 @@ msgid "Brazil, free culture in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13933 freeculture.xml:14324 +#: freeculture.xml:13933 freeculture.xml:14328 msgid "Creative Commons" msgstr "" @@ -19335,9 +19335,14 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Afterword" msgstr "" +#. type: Content of:
+#: freeculture.xml:13972 freeculture.xml:14006 +msgid "voluntary reform efforts on" +msgstr "" + #. PAGE BREAK 280 #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13975 +#: freeculture.xml:13976 msgid "" "At least some who have read this far will " "agree with me that something must be done to change where we are " @@ -19345,7 +19350,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13980 +#: freeculture.xml:13981 msgid "" "I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that " "which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can " @@ -19354,7 +19359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13986 +#: freeculture.xml:13987 msgid "" "That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a " "significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, " @@ -19363,7 +19368,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13993 +#: freeculture.xml:13996 msgid "" "Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having " "an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think " @@ -19373,12 +19378,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:14002 +#: freeculture.xml:14005 msgid "Us, now" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14004 +#: freeculture.xml:14008 msgid "" "<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright " "warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes—as " @@ -19388,7 +19393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14011 +#: freeculture.xml:14015 msgid "" "The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in " "this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who " @@ -19401,13 +19406,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14021 +#: freeculture.xml:14025 msgid "initial free character of" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 282 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14023 +#: freeculture.xml:14027 msgid "" "When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively " "tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be " @@ -19419,7 +19424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14035 +#: freeculture.xml:14039 msgid "" "This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) " "by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through " @@ -19436,7 +19441,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14051 +#: freeculture.xml:14055 msgid "" "What's needed is a way to say something in the middle—neither " "<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but " @@ -19447,22 +19452,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14059 +#: freeculture.xml:14063 msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14060 +#: freeculture.xml:14064 msgid "restoration efforts on previous aspects of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14062 +#: freeculture.xml:14066 msgid "privacy rights" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14064 +#: freeculture.xml:14068 msgid "" "If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will " "recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the " @@ -19474,12 +19479,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14074 +#: freeculture.xml:14078 msgid "What made it assured?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14078 +#: freeculture.xml:14082 msgid "" "Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref " "xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was " @@ -19497,22 +19502,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14093 +#: freeculture.xml:14097 msgid "Amazon" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14094 +#: freeculture.xml:14098 msgid "cookies, Internet" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14095 +#: freeculture.xml:14099 msgid "privacy protection on" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14097 +#: freeculture.xml:14101 msgid "" "Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has " "become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the " @@ -19525,12 +19530,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14106 +#: freeculture.xml:14110 msgid "privacy rights in use of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14108 +#: freeculture.xml:14112 msgid "" "Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about " "libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people " @@ -19543,7 +19548,7 @@ msgstr "" #. f1. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14126 +#: freeculture.xml:14130 msgid "" "See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the " "Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> " @@ -19558,7 +19563,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 284 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14120 +#: freeculture.xml:14124 msgid "" "It is this reality that explains the push of many to define " "<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that " @@ -19572,12 +19577,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14145 +#: freeculture.xml:14149 msgid "Data General" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14149 +#: freeculture.xml:14153 msgid "" "A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software " "movement. When computers with software were first made available " @@ -19588,12 +19593,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14156 +#: freeculture.xml:14160 msgid "Stallman, Richard" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14158 +#: freeculture.xml:14162 msgid "" "That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a " "researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was " @@ -19603,7 +19608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14166 +#: freeculture.xml:14170 msgid "" "In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a " "math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone " @@ -19617,12 +19622,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14177 +#: freeculture.xml:14181 msgid "proprietary code" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14179 +#: freeculture.xml:14183 msgid "" "No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for " "computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system " @@ -19635,7 +19640,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 285 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14188 +#: freeculture.xml:14192 msgid "" "Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early " "1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code. The world of " @@ -19645,12 +19650,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14197 +#: freeculture.xml:14201 msgid "Torvalds, Linus" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14199 +#: freeculture.xml:14203 msgid "" "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating " "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was " @@ -19661,7 +19666,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14207 +#: freeculture.xml:14211 msgid "" "Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software " "that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software " @@ -19674,7 +19679,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14218 +#: freeculture.xml:14222 msgid "" "Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for " "privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken " @@ -19685,12 +19690,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14228 +#: freeculture.xml:14232 msgid "scientific journals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14230 +#: freeculture.xml:14234 msgid "" "Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with " "the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific " @@ -19698,23 +19703,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14234 +#: freeculture.xml:14238 msgid "Lexis and Westlaw" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14236 freeculture.xml:14272 +#: freeculture.xml:14240 freeculture.xml:14276 msgid "journals in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14237 +#: freeculture.xml:14241 msgid "access to opinions of" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 286 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14239 +#: freeculture.xml:14243 msgid "" "As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that " "printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to " @@ -19731,17 +19736,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14254 +#: freeculture.xml:14258 msgid "access fees for material in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14255 +#: freeculture.xml:14259 msgid "license system for rebuilding of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14257 +#: freeculture.xml:14261 msgid "" "There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to " "charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for " @@ -19753,7 +19758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14268 +#: freeculture.xml:14272 msgid "" "But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was " "through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this " @@ -19761,7 +19766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14274 +#: freeculture.xml:14278 msgid "" "As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with " "scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, " @@ -19776,7 +19781,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14286 +#: freeculture.xml:14290 msgid "" "As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that " "libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means " @@ -19787,7 +19792,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 287 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14296 +#: freeculture.xml:14300 msgid "" "This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the " "freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for " @@ -19801,7 +19806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14310 +#: freeculture.xml:14314 msgid "" "This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted " "before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets. There's no " @@ -19812,24 +19817,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14323 +#: freeculture.xml:14327 msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14326 +#: freeculture.xml:14330 msgid "" "The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the " "increasing control effected through law and technology." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14329 +#: freeculture.xml:14333 msgid "Stanford University" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14331 +#: freeculture.xml:14335 msgid "" "Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation " "established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its " @@ -19843,7 +19848,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 288 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14342 +#: freeculture.xml:14346 msgid "" "<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>—which means without a middleman, or " "without a lawyer. By developing a free set of licenses that people can " @@ -19862,7 +19867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14360 +#: freeculture.xml:14364 msgid "" "These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise " "contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a " @@ -19876,7 +19881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14371 +#: freeculture.xml:14375 msgid "" "These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of " "copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair " @@ -19889,13 +19894,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14381 +#: freeculture.xml:14385 msgid "Garlick, Mia" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 289 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14383 +#: freeculture.xml:14387 msgid "" "This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons. And of " "course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such " @@ -19909,7 +19914,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14396 +#: freeculture.xml:14400 msgid "" "The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The " "aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a " @@ -19924,7 +19929,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14409 +#: freeculture.xml:14413 msgid "" "Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate " "to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science " @@ -19934,7 +19939,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14416 +#: freeculture.xml:14420 msgid "" "Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned " "like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1) those who will buy " @@ -19948,7 +19953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14428 +#: freeculture.xml:14432 msgid "" "Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion. " "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had " @@ -19956,18 +19961,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14433 +#: freeculture.xml:14437 msgid "Free for All (Wayner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14434 +#: freeculture.xml:14438 msgid "Wayner, Peter" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 290 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14436 +#: freeculture.xml:14440 msgid "" "The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was " "confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a " @@ -19979,23 +19984,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14447 -msgid "Public Enemy" +#: freeculture.xml:14451 +msgid "Leaphart, Walter" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14448 -msgid "rap music" +#: freeculture.xml:14452 +msgid "Public Enemy" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14449 -msgid "Leaphart, Walter" +#: freeculture.xml:14454 +msgid "rap music" msgstr "" #. f2. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14466 +#: freeculture.xml:14471 msgid "" "<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real " "Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg " @@ -20004,7 +20009,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14451 +#: freeculture.xml:14456 msgid "" "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary " "content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There " @@ -20024,7 +20029,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14475 +#: freeculture.xml:14480 msgid "" "Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons " "license just because they want to express to others the importance of " @@ -20039,7 +20044,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 291 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14487 +#: freeculture.xml:14492 msgid "" "In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million " "objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is " @@ -20050,7 +20055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14497 +#: freeculture.xml:14502 msgid "" "These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere " "arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to " @@ -20061,7 +20066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14505 +#: freeculture.xml:14510 msgid "" "Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and " "creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The " @@ -20072,12 +20077,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14519 +#: freeculture.xml:14524 msgid "Them, soon" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14521 +#: freeculture.xml:14526 msgid "" "<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by " "individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We " @@ -20087,7 +20092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14528 +#: freeculture.xml:14533 msgid "" "In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and " "one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a " @@ -20096,12 +20101,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14535 +#: freeculture.xml:14540 msgid "1. More Formalities" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14537 +#: freeculture.xml:14542 msgid "" "If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land " "upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed. If " @@ -20111,14 +20116,14 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 293 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14544 +#: freeculture.xml:14549 msgid "" "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements " "that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14549 +#: freeculture.xml:14554 msgid "" "In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, " "regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to " @@ -20127,12 +20132,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14555 +#: freeculture.xml:14560 msgid "Why?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14558 +#: freeculture.xml:14563 msgid "" "As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" " "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good " @@ -20143,7 +20148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14567 +#: freeculture.xml:14572 msgid "" "But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a " "burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens " @@ -20158,7 +20163,7 @@ msgstr "" #. f1. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14581 +#: freeculture.xml:14586 msgid "" "The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only. " "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted " @@ -20166,7 +20171,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14579 +#: freeculture.xml:14584 msgid "" "The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>—but it should not change it by going back " @@ -20176,7 +20181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14589 +#: freeculture.xml:14594 msgid "" "The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering " "copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of " @@ -20187,12 +20192,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14601 +#: freeculture.xml:14606 msgid "Registration and renewal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14603 +#: freeculture.xml:14608 msgid "" "Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the " "Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that " @@ -20207,7 +20212,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14616 +#: freeculture.xml:14621 msgid "" "Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of " "extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think " @@ -20219,7 +20224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14625 +#: freeculture.xml:14630 msgid "" "In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet. There " "are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world. Domain name " @@ -20232,7 +20237,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 295 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14635 +#: freeculture.xml:14640 msgid "" "We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of " "copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but " @@ -20246,12 +20251,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14650 +#: freeculture.xml:14655 msgid "Marking" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14652 +#: freeculture.xml:14657 msgid "" "It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative " "work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for " @@ -20263,7 +20268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14662 +#: freeculture.xml:14667 msgid "" "The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted " "and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy " @@ -20271,7 +20276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14668 +#: freeculture.xml:14673 msgid "" "One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that " "different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear " @@ -20285,7 +20290,7 @@ msgstr "" #. f2. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14685 +#: freeculture.xml:14690 msgid "" "There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved " "here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system " @@ -20294,7 +20299,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 296 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14678 +#: freeculture.xml:14683 msgid "" "Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be " "published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need " @@ -20310,7 +20315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14698 +#: freeculture.xml:14703 msgid "" "That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here " "again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way " @@ -20320,12 +20325,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14704 +#: freeculture.xml:14709 msgid "copyright marking of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14706 +#: freeculture.xml:14711 msgid "" "For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for " "marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright " @@ -20339,7 +20344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14718 +#: freeculture.xml:14723 msgid "" "Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements. " "If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason " @@ -20350,7 +20355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14726 +#: freeculture.xml:14731 msgid "" "The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system " "does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things " @@ -20358,7 +20363,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14731 +#: freeculture.xml:14736 msgid "" "If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most " "difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed. It " @@ -20369,12 +20374,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14743 +#: freeculture.xml:14748 msgid "2. Shorter Terms" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14745 +#: freeculture.xml:14750 msgid "" "The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for " "corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural " @@ -20383,7 +20388,7 @@ msgstr "" #. f3. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14758 +#: freeculture.xml:14763 msgid "" "<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 " "(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink " @@ -20391,7 +20396,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14750 +#: freeculture.xml:14755 msgid "" "In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a " "seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement " @@ -20404,7 +20409,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14765 +#: freeculture.xml:14770 msgid "" "I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's " "term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles " @@ -20413,7 +20418,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (1) #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14773 +#: freeculture.xml:14778 msgid "" "<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary " "to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong " @@ -20426,7 +20431,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (2) #. PAGE BREAK 298 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14782 +#: freeculture.xml:14787 msgid "" "<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and " "protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of " @@ -20440,13 +20445,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14794 +#: freeculture.xml:14799 msgid "veterans' pensions" msgstr "" #. f4. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14805 +#: freeculture.xml:14810 msgid "" "Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation " "and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at " @@ -20454,7 +20459,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14797 +#: freeculture.xml:14802 msgid "" "<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed. " "Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be " @@ -20469,7 +20474,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (4) #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14816 +#: freeculture.xml:14821 msgid "" "<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright " "should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once " @@ -20486,7 +20491,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14832 +#: freeculture.xml:14837 msgid "" "These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> " "copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the " @@ -20494,7 +20499,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14838 +#: freeculture.xml:14843 msgid "" "No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After " "all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I " @@ -20504,12 +20509,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14848 +#: freeculture.xml:14853 msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14852 +#: freeculture.xml:14857 msgid "" "As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted " "property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the " @@ -20520,7 +20525,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14860 +#: freeculture.xml:14865 msgid "" "Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive " "right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors " @@ -20532,20 +20537,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14868 +#: freeculture.xml:14873 msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin" msgstr "" #. f5. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14874 +#: freeculture.xml:14879 msgid "" "Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New " "York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14870 +#: freeculture.xml:14875 msgid "" "Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the " "exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and " @@ -20557,12 +20562,12 @@ msgstr "" #. f6. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14887 +#: freeculture.xml:14892 msgid "Ibid., 56." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14883 +#: freeculture.xml:14888 msgid "" "So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range " "of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of " @@ -20571,7 +20576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14892 +#: freeculture.xml:14897 msgid "" "I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and " "the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make " @@ -20581,7 +20586,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14899 +#: freeculture.xml:14904 msgid "" "<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, " "then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect " @@ -20593,7 +20598,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14912 +#: freeculture.xml:14917 msgid "" "<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights " "be narrowed. Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are " @@ -20608,7 +20613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14926 +#: freeculture.xml:14931 msgid "" "This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint " "Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable " @@ -20618,12 +20623,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14942 +#: freeculture.xml:14947 msgid "Goldstein, Paul" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14940 +#: freeculture.xml:14945 msgid "" "Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the " "Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), " @@ -20631,7 +20636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14934 +#: freeculture.xml:14939 msgid "" "In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and " "the presumption should be that other uses are not protected. This is the " @@ -20641,7 +20646,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14948 +#: freeculture.xml:14953 msgid "" "Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal " "system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the " @@ -20652,7 +20657,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 301 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14955 +#: freeculture.xml:14960 msgid "" "The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the " "part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory " @@ -20662,12 +20667,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14965 +#: freeculture.xml:14970 msgid "4. Liberate the Music—Again" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14967 +#: freeculture.xml:14972 msgid "" "The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be " "fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, " @@ -20677,7 +20682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14974 +#: freeculture.xml:14979 msgid "" "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's " "growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any " @@ -20688,7 +20693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14983 +#: freeculture.xml:14988 msgid "" "The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in " "particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, " @@ -20698,7 +20703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14990 +#: freeculture.xml:14995 msgid "" "File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of " "content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not " @@ -20709,7 +20714,7 @@ msgstr "" #. A. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14999 +#: freeculture.xml:15004 msgid "" "There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing " "CDs." @@ -20717,7 +20722,7 @@ msgstr "" #. B. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15004 +#: freeculture.xml:15009 msgid "" "There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to " "purchasing CDs." @@ -20726,7 +20731,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 302 #. C. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15010 +#: freeculture.xml:15015 msgid "" "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content " "that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been " @@ -20735,7 +20740,7 @@ msgstr "" #. D. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15016 +#: freeculture.xml:15021 msgid "" "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content " "that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly " @@ -20743,7 +20748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15024 +#: freeculture.xml:15029 msgid "" "Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must " "avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness " @@ -20754,7 +20759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15032 +#: freeculture.xml:15037 msgid "" "As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" " "linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial. " @@ -20764,7 +20769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15040 +#: freeculture.xml:15045 msgid "" "Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context " "that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should " @@ -20772,7 +20777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15045 +#: freeculture.xml:15050 msgid "" "Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive " "today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of " @@ -20787,7 +20792,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 303 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15057 +#: freeculture.xml:15062 msgid "" "But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the " "Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make " @@ -20803,13 +20808,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15071 +#: freeculture.xml:15076 msgid "cell phones, music streamed over" msgstr "" #. f8. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15091 +#: freeculture.xml:15096 msgid "" "See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan " "Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink " @@ -20817,7 +20822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15073 +#: freeculture.xml:15078 msgid "" "In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give " "you access to content on the fly—such as Internet radio, content that " @@ -20839,7 +20844,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 304 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15098 +#: freeculture.xml:15103 msgid "" "This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the " "present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file " @@ -20855,7 +20860,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15114 +#: freeculture.xml:15119 msgid "" "The answer begins with recognizing that there are different " "<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D " @@ -20869,7 +20874,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15125 +#: freeculture.xml:15130 msgid "" "Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content " "that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be " @@ -20881,7 +20886,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15136 +#: freeculture.xml:15141 msgid "" "Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, " "it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries " @@ -20894,7 +20899,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15146 +#: freeculture.xml:15151 msgid "" "The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem " "out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the " @@ -20907,7 +20912,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 305 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15157 +#: freeculture.xml:15162 msgid "" "Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure " "that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the " @@ -20919,7 +20924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15167 +#: freeculture.xml:15172 msgid "" "This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works " "available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be " @@ -20932,7 +20937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15177 +#: freeculture.xml:15182 msgid "" "The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only " "because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies " @@ -20943,14 +20948,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15185 +#: freeculture.xml:15190 msgid "" "So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in " "this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15189 +#: freeculture.xml:15194 msgid "" "Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of " "the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet) has harmed a " @@ -20964,7 +20969,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 306 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15200 +#: freeculture.xml:15205 msgid "" "I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or " "asbestos. But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law. " @@ -20975,17 +20980,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15207 freeculture.xml:15249 +#: freeculture.xml:15212 freeculture.xml:15254 msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15247 +#: freeculture.xml:15252 msgid "Fisher, William" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15213 +#: freeculture.xml:15218 msgid "" "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, " "<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last " @@ -21027,7 +21032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15209 +#: freeculture.xml:15214 msgid "" "The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by " "Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -21042,7 +21047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15263 +#: freeculture.xml:15268 msgid "" "Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million " "questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, " @@ -21060,7 +21065,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 307 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15280 +#: freeculture.xml:15285 msgid "" "Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is " "not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system " @@ -21073,17 +21078,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15293 +#: freeculture.xml:15298 msgid "MusicStore" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:15295 +#: freeculture.xml:15300 msgid "prices of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15297 +#: freeculture.xml:15302 msgid "" "No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of " "<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that " @@ -21101,17 +21106,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:15312 +#: freeculture.xml:15317 msgid "cable vs. broadcast" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:15315 +#: freeculture.xml:15320 msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15317 +#: freeculture.xml:15322 msgid "" "This competition has already occurred against the background of " "<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable " @@ -21127,7 +21132,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15329 +#: freeculture.xml:15334 msgid "" "This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't " "lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of " @@ -21138,13 +21143,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15338 +#: freeculture.xml:15343 msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 308 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15343 +#: freeculture.xml:15348 msgid "" "The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in " "transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to " @@ -21153,19 +21158,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15350 +#: freeculture.xml:15355 msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by" msgstr "" #. 1. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15356 +#: freeculture.xml:15361 msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;" msgstr "" #. 2. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15360 +#: freeculture.xml:15365 msgid "" "permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial " "type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;" @@ -21173,14 +21178,14 @@ msgstr "" #. 3. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15366 +#: freeculture.xml:15371 msgid "" "while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the " "extent actual harm is demonstrated." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15371 +#: freeculture.xml:15376 msgid "" "But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a " "competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number " @@ -21189,7 +21194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15377 +#: freeculture.xml:15382 msgid "" "Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts " "develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue " @@ -21206,7 +21211,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 309 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15391 +#: freeculture.xml:15396 msgid "" "But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of " "type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding " @@ -21216,12 +21221,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:15402 +#: freeculture.xml:15407 msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15404 +#: freeculture.xml:15409 msgid "" "I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe " "in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, " @@ -21230,7 +21235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15410 +#: freeculture.xml:15415 msgid "" "Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers " "have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that " @@ -21240,18 +21245,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15417 +#: freeculture.xml:15422 msgid "Nimmer, Melville" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:15418 +#: freeculture.xml:15423 msgid "Supreme Court challenge of" msgstr "" #. f10. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15429 +#: freeculture.xml:15434 msgid "" "Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville " "B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 " @@ -21259,7 +21264,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15420 +#: freeculture.xml:15425 msgid "" "The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a " "<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that " @@ -21272,7 +21277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15435 +#: freeculture.xml:15440 msgid "" "However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is " "not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure " @@ -21280,7 +21285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15445 +#: freeculture.xml:15450 msgid "" "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be " "commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to " @@ -21300,7 +21305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15440 +#: freeculture.xml:15445 msgid "" "Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits. But " "more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system " @@ -21312,7 +21317,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 310 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15469 +#: freeculture.xml:15474 msgid "" "But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for " "anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is " @@ -21322,7 +21327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15477 +#: freeculture.xml:15482 msgid "" "These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at " "the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a " @@ -21335,7 +21340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15487 +#: freeculture.xml:15492 msgid "" "The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our " "tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty " @@ -21346,7 +21351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15495 +#: freeculture.xml:15500 msgid "" "But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away " "from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the " @@ -21354,7 +21359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15502 +#: freeculture.xml:15507 msgid "" "Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital " "technology—the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about " @@ -21367,7 +21372,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 311 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15511 +#: freeculture.xml:15516 msgid "" "The law should regulate in certain areas of culture—but it should " "regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely " @@ -21377,7 +21382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15520 +#: freeculture.xml:15525 msgid "" "We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is " "needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your " @@ -21385,12 +21390,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: freeculture.xml:15529 +#: freeculture.xml:15534 msgid "Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15531 +#: freeculture.xml:15536 msgid "" "Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide " "Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly " @@ -21404,12 +21409,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: freeculture.xml:15551 +#: freeculture.xml:15556 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15553 +#: freeculture.xml:15558 msgid "" "This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that " "began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work " @@ -21418,7 +21423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15560 +#: freeculture.xml:15565 msgid "" "I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including " "Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and " @@ -21434,7 +21439,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 337 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15573 +#: freeculture.xml:15578 msgid "" "Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its " "culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me " @@ -21447,7 +21452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15584 +#: freeculture.xml:15589 msgid "" "These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw " "upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive " @@ -21469,7 +21474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15604 +#: freeculture.xml:15609 msgid "" "Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and " "each provided extremely helpful correction and advice. Michael helped me to " @@ -21480,7 +21485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15613 +#: freeculture.xml:15618 msgid "" "Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that " "there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has " @@ -21489,12 +21494,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: freeculture.xml:15623 +#: freeculture.xml:15628 msgid "About this edition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15625 +#: freeculture.xml:15630 msgid "" "This edition of <citetitle>Free Culture</citetitle> is the result of three " "years of volunteer work. The idea came from a discussion I had around ten " @@ -21507,7 +21512,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15637 +#: freeculture.xml:15642 msgid "" "Thanks to the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project, I already had experience " "translating Docbook documents, and it seemed like a good format for this " @@ -21521,7 +21526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15649 +#: freeculture.xml:15654 msgid "" "Several people joined, and Anders Hagen Jarmund, Kirill Miazine, Odd Kleiva, " "Kjetil Kilhavn og Kjetil T. Homme assisted with the initial translation. " @@ -21540,7 +21545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15668 +#: freeculture.xml:15673 msgid "" "At the end of the project, when the translation was done and it was time to " "publish, NUUG Foundation was asked and was willing to sponsor books to " @@ -21548,36 +21553,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15675 +#: freeculture.xml:15680 msgid "" "In addition to these great contributors, I am very grateful to Mari and my " "family for their patience with me in this project." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15680 +#: freeculture.xml:15685 msgid "— Petter Reinholdtsen, Oslo 2015-09-07" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15690 +#: freeculture.xml:15695 msgid "" "Free culture: How big media uses technology and the law to lock down culture " "and control creativity / Lawrence Lessig." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15694 +#: freeculture.xml:15699 msgid "Copyright © 2004 Lawrence Lessig. Some rights reserved." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15698 +#: freeculture.xml:15703 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15702 +#: freeculture.xml:15707 msgid "" "Published in English and Norwegian BokmÃ¥l 2015 by Petter Reinholdtsen with " "help from many volunteers. Typeset with dblatex using the font Crimson " @@ -21585,12 +21590,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15708 +#: freeculture.xml:15713 msgid "First published 2004 by The Penguin Press." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15712 +#: freeculture.xml:15717 msgid "" "Excerpt from an editorial titled <quote>The Coming of Copyright " "Perpetuity,</quote> <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, January 16, " @@ -21599,7 +21604,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15718 +#: freeculture.xml:15723 msgid "" "Cartoon in figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " "linkend=\"fig-1711-vcr-handgun-cartoonfig\"/> by Paul Conrad, copyright " @@ -21608,7 +21613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15724 +#: freeculture.xml:15729 msgid "" "Diagram in figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " "linkend=\"fig-1761-pattern-modern-media-ownership\"/> courtesy of the office " @@ -21616,19 +21621,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15730 +#: freeculture.xml:15735 msgid "Cover created by Petter Reinholdtsen using inkscape." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15734 +#: freeculture.xml:15739 msgid "" "The quotes on the cover came from <ulink " "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/jacket/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15739 +#: freeculture.xml:15744 msgid "" "Portrait on the cover was created 2013 by ActuaLitté and licensed under a " "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license. It was downloaded from " @@ -21637,49 +21642,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15746 +#: freeculture.xml:15751 msgid "Classifications:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15750 +#: freeculture.xml:15755 msgid "(Dewey) 306.4, 306.40973, 306.46, 341.7582, 343.7309/9" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15759 +#: freeculture.xml:15764 msgid "(UDK) 347.78" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15763 +#: freeculture.xml:15768 msgid "(US Library of Congress) KF2979.L47 2004" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15767 +#: freeculture.xml:15772 msgid "(ACM CRCS) K.4.1" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15771 +#: freeculture.xml:15776 msgid "Thomas Gramstad Forlag donated the ISBN numbers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15775 +#: freeculture.xml:15780 msgid "" "Printing was sponsed by NUUG Foundation, <ulink " "url=\"http://www.nuugfoundation.no/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15780 +#: freeculture.xml:15785 msgid "Includes index." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15787 +#: freeculture.xml:15792 msgid "" "The Docbook source is available from <ulink " "url=\"https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig\"/>. Please " @@ -21687,64 +21692,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><colophon><para><informalfigure><graphic> -#: freeculture.xml:15794 +#: freeculture.xml:15799 msgid "images/cc.svg" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15806 +#: freeculture.xml:15811 msgid "" "This book is a proof reading draft. Please visit the github URL above to " "get the latest version." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15815 +#: freeculture.xml:15820 msgid "Format / MIME-type" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15816 +#: freeculture.xml:15821 msgid "ISBN" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15821 +#: freeculture.xml:15826 msgid "US Trade edition from lulu.com" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15822 +#: freeculture.xml:15827 msgid "978-82-8067-010-6" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15825 +#: freeculture.xml:15830 msgid "application/pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15826 +#: freeculture.xml:15831 msgid "978-82-8067-011-3" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15829 +#: freeculture.xml:15834 msgid "application/epub+zip" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15830 +#: freeculture.xml:15835 msgid "978-82-8067-012-0" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15833 +#: freeculture.xml:15838 msgid "application/x-mobipocket-ebook" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#: freeculture.xml:15834 +#: freeculture.xml:15839 msgid "978-82-8067-013-7" msgstr ""