#
# Translators:
# Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>, 2012.
+# Anders Hagen Jarmund <ajarmund@gmail.com>, 2012.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-07-28 11:21+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-07-31 17:52+0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-07-13 21:50+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <i18n-nb@lister.ping.uio.no>\n"
"HOW BIG MEDIA USES TECHNOLOGY AND THE LAW TO LOCK DOWN CULTURE AND CONTROL "
"CREATIVITY"
msgstr ""
-"Hvordan store mediaaktører bruker teknologi og loven til å låse ned kulturen "
+"Hvordan store medieaktører bruker teknologi og loven til å låse ned kulturen "
"og kontrollere kreativiteten"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
msgstr ""
"<copyright> <year>2004</year> <holder>Lawrence Lessig</holder> </copyright>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject>
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"images/cc.png\" width=\"100%\" align="
+"\"center\"/> </imageobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"images/cc.svg"
+"\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\"/> </imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"images/cc.png\" width=\"100%\" align="
+"\"center\"/> </imageobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"images/cc.svg"
+"\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\"/> </imageobject>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+msgid "Creative Commons, Some rights reserved"
+msgstr "Creative Commons, noen rettigheter reservert"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
msgid ""
"This version of <citetitle>Free Culture</citetitle> is licensed under a "
"org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/\">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/</"
"ulink>"
msgstr ""
-"Denne versjonen av <citetitle>Fri Kultur</citetitle> er lisensert med en "
+"Denne versjonen av <citetitle>Fri Kultur</citetitle> er lisensiert med en "
"Creative Commons-lisens. Denne lisensen tillater ikke-kommersiell "
"utnyttelse av verket, hvis opphavsinnehaveren er navngitt. For mer "
"informasjon om lisensen, klikk på ikonet over eller besøk <ulink url="
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
msgid ""
-"LAWRENCE LESSIG (<ulink url=\"http://www.lessig.org/\">http://www.lessig."
-"org</ulink>), professor of law and a John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty "
-"Scholar at Stanford Law School, is founder of the Stanford Center for "
-"Internet and Society and is chairman of the Creative Commons (<ulink url="
-"\"http://creativecommons.org/\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>). The "
-"author of The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) and Code: And Other Laws "
-"of Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), Lessig is a member of the boards of the "
+"LAWRENCE LESSIG (<ulink url=\"http://www.lessig.org\">http://www.lessig.org</"
+"ulink>), professor of law and a John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty Scholar "
+"at Stanford Law School, is founder of the Stanford Center for Internet and "
+"Society and is chairman of the Creative Commons (<ulink url=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>). The author of "
+"The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) and Code: And Other Laws of "
+"Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), Lessig is a member of the boards of the "
"Public Library of Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and Public "
"Knowledge. He was the winner of the Free Software Foundation's Award for the "
"Advancement of Free Software, twice listed in BusinessWeek's \"e.biz 25,\" "
"Lessig clerked for Judge Richard Posner of the U.S. Seventh Circuit Court of "
"Appeals."
msgstr ""
-"Lawrense Lessig (<ulink url=\"http://www.lessig.org/\">http://www.lessig."
-"org</ulink>), professor i juss og en John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty "
-"Scholar ved Stanford Law School, er stifteren av Stanford Center for "
-"
Internet and Society og styreleder i Creative Commons (<ulink url=\"http://"
-"creativecommons.org/\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>). Forfatteren har "
+"Lawrense Lessig (<ulink url=\"http://www.lessig.org\">http://www.lessig.org</"
+"ulink>), professor i juss og en John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty Scholar "
+"ved Stanford Law School, er stifteren av Stanford Center for Internet and "
+"Society og styreleder i Creative Commons (<ulink url=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>). Forfatteren har "
"gitt ut The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) og Code: And other Laws of "
"Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), og er medlem av styrene i Public Library of "
"Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, og Public Knowledge. Han har "
"Til Eric Eldred — hvis arbeid først trakk meg til denne saken, og for "
"hvem saken fortsetter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><para><figure><title>
-msgid "Creative Commons, Some rights reserved"
-msgstr "Creative Commons, noen rettigheter reservert"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><para><figure>
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/cc.png\"></graphic>"
-msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/cc.png\"></graphic>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><para>
-msgid "<placeholder type=\"figure\" id=\"0\"/>"
-msgstr "<placeholder type=\"figure\" id=\"0\"/>"
-
#. type: Content of: <book><lot><title>
msgid "List of figures"
msgstr "Figurliste"
"endringene jeg beskriver påvirker verdier som begge sider av vår politiske "
"kultur anser som grunnleggende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Safire, William"
msgstr "Safire, William"
msgstr ""
"Vi så et glimt av dette tverrpolitiske raseri på forsommeren i 2003. Da FCC "
"vurderte endringer i reglene for medieeierskap som ville slakke på "
-"begrensningene rundt mediakonsentrasjon, sendte en ekstraordinær koalisjon "
+"begrensningene rundt mediekonsentrasjon, sendte en ekstraordinær koalisjon "
"mer enn 700 000 brev til FCC for å motsette seg endringen. Mens William "
"Safire beskrev å marsjere \"ubehagelig sammen med CodePink Women for Peace "
"and the National Rifle Association, mellom liberale Olympia Snowe og "
"inngå en eksklusiv avtale med Delta Airlines? Kan vi gjennomføre en auksjon "
"for å finne ut hvor mye disse rettighetene er verdt?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
msgstr "Causby, Thomas Lee"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Causby, Tinie"
msgstr "Causby, Tinie"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"A glass of water was poured before the microphone in Yonkers; it sounded "
-"like a glass of water being poured. . . . A paper was crumpled and torn; it "
-"sounded like paper and not like a crackling forest fire. . . . Sousa marches "
-"were played from records and a piano solo and guitar number were "
-"performed. . . . The music was projected with a live-ness rarely if ever "
+"like a glass of water being poured. … A paper was crumpled and torn; "
+"it sounded like paper and not like a crackling forest fire. … Sousa "
+"marches were played from records and a piano solo and guitar number were "
+"performed. … The music was projected with a live-ness rarely if ever "
"heard before from a radio \"music box.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Et glass vann ble fylt opp foran mikrofonen i Yonkers, og det hørtes ut som "
-"et plass som ble fylt opp. . . . Et papir ble krøllet og revet opp, og det "
-"hørtes ut som papir og ikke som en sprakende skogbrann. . . . Sousa-marsjer "
-"ble spilt av fra plater og en pianosolo og et gitarnummer ble utført. . . . "
-"Musikken ble presentert med en livaktighet som sjeldent om noen gang før "
-"hadde vært hørt fra en radio-\"musikk-boks\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"et glass som ble fylt opp. … Et papir ble krøllet og revet opp, og "
+"det hørtes ut som papir og ikke som en sprakende skogbrann. … Sousa-"
+"marsjer ble spilt av fra plater og en pianosolo og et gitarnummer ble "
+"utført. … Musikken ble presentert med en livaktighet som sjeldent om "
+"noen gang før hadde vært hørt fra en radio-\"musikk-boks\".<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 20
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
"The forces for FM, largely engineering, could not overcome the weight of "
"strategy devised by the sales, patent, and legal offices to subdue this "
"threat to corporate position. For FM, if allowed to develop unrestrained, "
-"posed . . . a complete reordering of radio power . . . and the eventual "
-"overthrow of the carefully restricted AM system on which RCA had grown to "
-"power.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"posed … a complete reordering of radio power … and the "
+"eventual overthrow of the carefully restricted AM system on which RCA had "
+"
grown to power.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Kreftene til fordel for FM, i hovedsak ingeniørfaglige, kunne ikke overvinne "
"tyngden til strategien utviklet av avdelingene for salg, patenter og juss "
"for å undertrykke denne trusselen til selskapets posisjon. For FM utgjorde, "
-"hvis det fikk utvikle seg uten begrensninger . . . en komplett endring i "
-"maktforholdene rundt radio . . . og muligens fjerningen av det nøye "
+"hvis det fikk utvikle seg uten begrensninger … en komplett endring i "
+"maktforholdene rundt radio … og muligens fjerningen av det nøye "
"begrensede AM-systemet som var grunnlaget for RCA stigning til makt."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
"Dette er ikke det eneste formålet med opphavsrett, men det er helt klart "
"hovedformålet med opphavsretten slik den er etablert i føderal grunnlov. "
"Opphavsrettslovene i delstatene beskyttet historisk ikke bare kommersielle "
-"interesse når det gjalt publikasjoner, men også personverninteresser. Ved å "
-"gi forfattere eneretten til å publisere først, ga delstatenes "
+"interesse når det gjaldt publikasjoner, men også personverninteresser. Ved "
+"å gi forfattere eneretten til å publisere først, ga delstatenes "
"opphavsrettslovene forfatterne makt til å kontrollere spredningen av fakta "
"om seg selv. Se Samuel D. Warren og Louis Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy"
"\", Harvard Law Review 4 (1890): 193, 198–200. <placeholder type="
"USA. Men det var på ingen måte dominerende i vår tradisjon. Det var i "
"stedet bare en del, en kontrollert del, balansert mot det frie."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Litman, Jessica"
+msgstr "Litman, Jessica"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (New York: "
-"Prometheus Books, 2001), ch. 13."
+"Prometheus Books, 2001), ch. 13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Se Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (New York: "
-"Prometheus bøker, 2001), kap. 13."
+"Prometheus bøker, 2001), kap. 13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"internettets \"pirater\" også fjerne verdier fra vår kultur som har vært "
"integrert til vår tradisjon helt fra starten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
msgstr "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
"Unfortunately, we are also seeing an extraordinary rise of regulation of "
"this creative class."
msgstr ""
+"Men da internettet dukket opp, forsvant denne naturlige begrensningen til "
+"lovens virkeområde. Loven kontrollerer ikke bare kreativiteten til "
+"kommersielle skapere, men effektivt sett kreativiteten til alle. Selv om "
+"utvidelsen ikke ville bety stort hvis opphavsrettsloven kun regulerte "
+"\"kopiering\", så betyr utvidelsen mye når loven regulerer så bredt og "
+"obskurt som den gjør. Byrden denne loven gir oppveier nå langt fordelene "
+"den ga da den ble vedtatt—helt klart slik den påvirker ikke-"
+"kommersiell kreativitet, og i stadig større grad slik den påvirker "
+"kommersiell kreativitet. Dermed, slik vi ser klarere i kapitlene som "
+"følger, er lovens rolle mindre og mindre å støtte kreativitet, og mer og mer "
+"å beskytte enkelte industrier mot konkurranse. Akkurat på tidspunktet da "
+"digital teknologi kunne sluppet løs en ekstraordinær mengde med kommersiell "
+"og ikke-kommersiell kreativitet, tynger loven denne kreativiteten med "
+"sinnsykt kompliserte og vage regler og med trusselen om uanstendig harde "
+"straffer. Vi ser kanskje, som Richard Florida skriver, \"Fremveksten av den "
+"kreative klasse\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Dessverre ser vi "
+"også en ekstraordinær fremvekst av reguleringer av denne kreative klassen."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"test in the summer of 1928, the results were unambiguous. As Disney "
"describes that first experiment,"
msgstr ""
-"Film med sykronisert lyd hadde blitt introdusert et år tidligere i filmen "
+"Film med synkronisert lyd hadde blitt introdusert et år tidligere i filmen "
"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle>. Suksessen fikk Walt Disney til å "
"kopiere teknikken og mikse lyd med tegnefilm. Ingen visste hvorvidt det "
"ville virke eller ikke, og om det fungere, hvorvidt publikum villa ha sans "
-"for det. Men da Disney gjorde en test sommeren 1928, var resutlatet "
+"for det. Men da Disney gjorde en test sommeren 1928, var resultatet "
"entydig. Som Disney beskriver dette første eksperimentet,"
#. PAGE BREAK 35
"whistles on the beat. The synchronization was pretty close."
msgstr ""
"Guttene brukte et note- og lydeffekt-ark. Etter noen dårlige oppstarter, "
-"kom endelig lyd og handlig i gang med et smell. Munnspilleren spilte "
+"kom endelig lyd og handling i gang med et smell. Munnspilleren spilte "
"melodien, og resten av oss i lydavdelingen slamret på tinnkasseroller og "
"blåste på slide-fløyte til rytmen. Synkroniseringen var nesten helt riktig."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Effekten på vårt lille publikum var intet mindre enn elektrisk. De reagerte "
-"nesten instiktivt til denne union av lyd og bevegelse. Jeg trodde de tullet "
-"med meg. Så de puttet meg i publikum og satte igang på nytt. Det var "
-"
grufult, men det var fantastisk. Og det var noe nytt!<placeholder type="
+"nesten instinktivt til denne union av lyd og bevegelse. Jeg trodde de "
+"tullet med meg. Så de puttet meg i publikum og satte igang på nytt. Det "
+"
var grufullt, men det var fantastisk. Og det var noe nytt!<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
"inspired by the song \"Steamboat Bill,\" that we get Steamboat Willie, and "
"then from Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse."
msgstr ""
+"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. kom før Disneys tegnefilm "
+"Steamboat Willie. Det er ingen tilfeldighet at titlene er så like. "
+"Steamboat Willie er en direkte tegneserieparodi av Steamboat Bill,"
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> og begge bygger på en felles sang "
+"som kilde. Det er ikke kun fra nyskapningen med synkronisert lyd i "
+"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle> at vi får <citetitle>Steamboat "
+"Willie</citetitle>. Det er også fra Buster Keatons nyskapning Steamboat "
+"Bill, Jr., som igjen var inspirert av sangen \"Steamboat Bill\", at vi får "
+"Steamboat Willie. Og fra Steamboat Willie får vi så Mikke Mus."
#. f3
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
"bedtime or anytime."
msgstr ""
"Noen ganger var låningen begrenset, og noen ganger var den betydelig. Tenkt "
-"på eventurene til brødrene Grimm. Hvis du er like ubevisst som jeg var, så "
+"på eventyrene til brødrene Grimm. Hvis du er like ubevisst som jeg var, så "
"tror du sannsynlighvis at disse fortellingene er glade, søte historier som "
"passer for ethvert barn ved leggetid. Realiteten er at Grimm-eventyrene er, "
"for oss, ganske dystre. Det er noen sjeldne og kanskje spesielt ambisiøse "
"see the Web site associated with this book, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
msgstr ""
+"Inntil 1976 ga opphavsrettsloven en forfatter to mulige verneperioder: en "
+"initiell periode, og en fornyingsperiode. Jeg har beregnet \"gjennomsnittlig"
+"\" vernetid ved å finne vektet gjennomsnitt av de totale registreringer for "
+"et gitt år, og andelen fornyinger. Hvis 100 opphavsretter ble registrert i "
+"år 1, bare 15 av dem ble fornyet, og fornyingsvernetiden er 28 år, så er "
+"gjennomsnittelig vernetid 32,2 år. Fornyingsdata og andre relevante data "
+"ligger på nettsidene tilknyttet denne boka, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"to control certain uses of the work. To use this copyrighted work in limited "
"ways required the permission of the copyright owner."
msgstr ""
+"I 1928 var kulturen som Disney fritt kunne trekke veksler på relativt "
+"fersk. Allemannseie i 1928 var ikke veldig gammelt og var dermed ganske "
+"levende. Gjennomsnittelig vernetid i opphavsretten var bare rundt tredve "
+"år—for den lille delen av kreative verk som faktisk var "
+"opphavsrettsbeskyttet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det betyr at "
+"i tredve år, i gjennomsnitt, hadde forfattere eller kreative verks "
+"opphavsrettighetsinnehaver en \"eksklusiv rett\" til a kontrollere bestemte "
+"typer bruk av verket. For å bruke disse opphavsrettsbeskyttede verkene på "
+"de begrensede måtene krevde tillatelse fra opphavsrettsinnehaveren."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Dette er slik det alltid har vært—inntil ganske nylig. For "
"mesteparten av vår historie, har allemannseiet vært like over horisonten. "
-"Fram til 1978 var den gjennomsnittelige opphavsrettslige vernetiden aldri "
-"mer enn trettito år, som gjorde at det meste av kultur fra en og en halv "
+"Fram til 1978 var den gjennomsnittlige opphavsrettslige vernetiden aldri mer "
+"enn trettito år, som gjorde at det meste av kultur fra en og en halv "
"generasjon tidligere var tilgjengelig for enhver å bygge på uten tillatelse "
-"fra noen. Tilsvarende for i dag ville være at kreative verker fra 1960- ot "
+"fra noen. Tilsvarende for i dag ville være at kreative verker fra 1960- og "
"1970-tallet nå ville være fritt tilgjengelig for de neste Walt Disney å "
"bygge på uten tillatelse. Men i dag er allemannseie presumtivt kun for "
"innhold fra før mellomkrigstiden."
"citetitle>, eller tegneserier. Japanerne er fanatiske når det gjelder "
"tegneserier. Over 40 prosent av publikasjoner er tegneserier, og 30 prosent "
"av publikasjonsomsetningen stammer fra tegneserier. De er over alt i det "
-"japanske samfunnet, tilgjengelig fra ethver tidsskriftsutsalg, og i hendene "
+"japanske samfunnet, tilgjengelig fra ethvert tidsskriftsutsalg, og i hendene "
"på en stor andel av pendlere på Japans ekstraordinære system for offentlig "
"transport."
"ways, the Japanese in this interestingly different way."
msgstr ""
"Amerikanere har en tendens til å se ned på denne formen for kultur. Det er "
-"et lite attraktivt kjennetegn hos oss. Vi misforstår sansynligvis mye rundt "
-"manga, pgå grunn av at få av oss noen gang har lest noe som ligner på "
+"et lite attraktivt kjennetegn hos oss. Vi misforstår sannsynligvis mye "
+"rundt manga, på grunn av at få av oss noen gang har lest noe som ligner på "
"historiene i disse \"grafiske historiene\" forteller. For en japaner dekker "
"manga ethvert aspekt ved det sosiale liv. For oss er tegneserier \"menn i "
"strømpebukser\". Og uansett er det ikke slik at T-banen i New York er full "
-"av lesere av Joyse eller Hemingway for den saks skyld. Folk i ulike "
+"av folk som leser Joyse eller Hemingway for den saks skyld. Folk i ulike "
"kulturer skiller seg ut på forskjellig måter, og japanerne på dette "
"interessante viset."
"on manga that from a lawyer's perspective is quite odd, but from a Disney "
"perspective is quite familiar."
msgstr ""
-"Men mitt formål her er ikke å forstå manga. Det er a beskrive en variant av "
-"manga som fra en avokats perspektiv er ganske merkelig, men som fra en "
+"Men mitt formål her er ikke å forstå manga. Det er å beskrive en variant av "
+"manga som fra en advokats perspektiv er ganske merkelig, men som fra en "
"Disneys perspektiv er ganske godt kjent."
#. PAGE BREAK 39
"doujinshi for inclusion within shows and reject any copycat comic that is "
"merely a copy."
msgstr ""
-"Dette er fenomenet <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi er "
-"også tegneserier, men de er slags etterapings-tegneserier. En rik "
-"etikk styrer de som skaper doujinshi. Det er ikke doujinshi hvis det "
-"<emphasis>bare</emphasis> er en kopi. Kunstneren må gjøre et bidrag "
-"til kunsten han kopierer ved å omforme det entet subtilt eller "
-"betydelig. En doujinshi-tegneserie kan dermed ta en "
-"massemarkeds-tegneserie og utvikle den i en annen retning—med en "
-"annen historie-linje. Eller tegneserien kan beholde figuren som seg "
-"selv men endre litt på utseendet. Det er ingen bestemt formel for "
-"hva som gjør en doujinshi tilstrekkelig \"forskjellig\". Men de må "
-"være forskjellige hvis de skal anses som ekte doujinshi. Det er "
-"faktisk komiteer som går igjennom doujinshi for å bli med på messer, "
-"og avviser etterapninger som bare er en kopi."
+"Dette er fenomenet <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi er også "
+"tegneserier, men de er slags etterapings-tegneserier. En rik etikk styrer "
+"de som skaper doujinshi. Det er ikke doujinshi hvis det <emphasis>bare</"
+"emphasis> er en kopi. Kunstneren må gjøre et bidrag til kunsten han "
+"kopierer ved å omforme det enten subtilt eller betydelig. En doujinshi-"
+"tegneserie kan dermed ta en massemarkeds-tegneserie og utvikle den i en "
+"annen retning—med en annen historie-linje. Eller tegneserien kan "
+"beholde figuren som seg selv men endre litt på utseendet. Det er ingen "
+"bestemt formel for hva som gjør en doujinshi tilstrekkelig \"forskjellig\". "
+"Men de må være forskjellige hvis de skal anses som ekte doujinshi. Det er "
+"faktisk komiteer som går igjennom doujinshi for å bli med på messer, og "
+"avviser etterapninger som bare er en kopi."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are huge. "
"More than 33,000 \"circles\" of creators from across Japan produce these "
"market to shut the doujinshi market down. It flourishes, despite the "
"competition and despite the law."
msgstr ""
-"disse copycat tegneseriene er ikke en liten del av manga-markedet. de er "
-"enorm. mer enn 33.000 \"sirkler\" av skaperne fra tvers japan produsere "
-"disse biter av walt disney kreativitet. mer enn 450.000 japansk komme sammen "
-"to ganger i året, i den største offentlig sammenkomst i landet, å bytte og "
-"selge dem. Dette markedet finnes i parallell til det mainstream kommersielle "
-"manga-markedet. det åpenbart konkurrerer med dette markedet på noen måter, "
-"men det er ingen vedvarende innsats av de som styrer kommersielle manga-"
-"markedet for å stenge doujinshi markedet. den blomstrer, til tross for "
-"konkurransen og til tross for loven."
+"Disse etterapings-tegneseriene er ikke en liten del av manga-markedet. Det "
+"er enorme. Mer en 33 000 \"sirkler\" av skapere over hele Japan som "
+"produserer disse bitene av Walt Disney-kreativitet. Mer en 450 000 japanere "
+"samles to ganger i året, i den største offentlige samlingen i langet, for å "
+"bytte og selge dem. Dette markedet er parallelt med det kommersielle "
+"massemarkeds-manga-markedet. På noen måter konkurrerer det åpenbart med det "
+"markedet, men det er ingen vedvarende innsats fra de som kontrollerer det "
+"kommersielle manga-markedet for å stenge doujinshi-markedet. Det blomstrer, "
+"på tross av konkurransen og til tross for loven."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The most puzzling feature of the doujinshi market, for those trained in the "
"law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
"is illegal. It is an infringement of the original copyright to make a copy "
"or a derivative work without the original copyright owner's permission."
msgstr ""
-"funksjonen mest underlige i doujinshi markedet, for de jurist, minst, er at "
-"det er tillatt å eksistere i det hele tatt. under japansk lov om "
-"opphavsrett, som i denne forbindelse (på papiret) gjenspeiler amerikansk lov "
-"om opphavsrett, er doujinshi markedet en ulovlig. doujinshi er tydelig "
-"\"avledede works.\" det er ingen generell fremgangsmåte ved doujinshi "
-"artister for å sikre tillatelse fra skaperne manga. i stedet, øvelsen er "
-"ganske enkelt å ta og endre kreasjoner av andre, som walt disney gjorde med "
-"steamboat bill, jr. under både japanske og amerikanske loven, det \"tar\" "
-"uten tillatelse fra eieren av opprinnelige opphavsretten er ulovlig. Det er "
-"en krenkelse av opprinnelige opphavsretten til å lage en kopi eller et "
-"avledet arbeid uten den opphavspersonens tillatelse."
+"Den mest gåtefulle egenskapen med doujinshi-markedet, for de som har "
+"juridisk trening i hvert fall, er at det overhodet tillates å eksistere. "
+"Under japansk opphavsrettslov, som i hvert fall på dette området (på "
+"papiret) speiler USAs opphavsrettslov, er doujinshi-markedet ulovlig. "
+"Doujinshi er helt klart \"avledede verk\". Det er ingen generell praksis "
+"hos doujinshi-kunstnere for å sikre seg tillatelse hos manga-skaperne. I "
+"stedet er praksisen ganske enkelt å ta og endre det andre har laget, slik "
+"Walt Disney gjorde med <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. For både "
+"japansk og USAs lov, er å \"ta\" uten tillatelse fra den opprinnelige "
+"opphavsrettsinnehaver ulovlig. Det er et brudd på opphavsretten til det "
+"opprinnelige verket å lage en kopi eller et avledet verk uten tillatelse fra "
+"den opprinnelige rettighetsinnehaveren."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Winick, Judd"
"Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
"view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "
"flourish. As American graphic novelist Judd Winick said to me, \"The early "
-"days of comics in America are very much like what's going on in Japan "
-"now. . . . American comics were born out of copying each other. . . . That's "
-"how [the artists] learn to draw—by going into comic books and not "
-"tracing them, but looking at them and copying them\" and building from them."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"days of comics in America are very much like what's going on in Japan now. "
+"… American comics were born out of copying each other. … "
+"That's how [the artists] learn to draw—by going into comic books and "
+"not tracing them, but looking at them and copying them\" and building from "
+"
them.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Likevel eksisterer dette illegale markedet og faktisk blomstrer i Japan, og "
+"etter manges syn er det nettopp fordi det eksisterer at japansk manga "
+"blomstrer. Som USAs tegneserieskaper Judd Winick fortalte meg, \"I "
+"amerikansk tegneseriers første dager var det ganske likt det som foregår i "
+"Japan i dag. … Amerikanske tegneserier kom til verden ved å kopiere "
+"hverandre. … Det er slik [kunstnerne] lærer å tegne—ved å se i "
+"tegneseriebøker og ikke følge streken, men ved å se på dem og kopiere dem\" "
+"og bygge basert på dem.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because of "
"the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are allowed. "
"it's frustrating having to stick to some parameters which are fifty years "
"old.\""
msgstr ""
-"amerikanske tegneserier nå er helt forskjellige, winick forklarer, delvis på "
-"grunn av juridiske vanskelighetene med å tilpasse tegneserier måte doujinshi "
-"er tillatt. Speaking of superman, winick fortalte meg, \"det er disse "
-"reglene og du har å holde oss til dem\" det er ting superman \"ikke\" gjøre. "
-"\"som en creator, det er frustrerende måtte holde oss til noen parametere "
-"som er femti år.\""
+"Amerikanske tegneserier nå er ganske annerledes, forklarer Winick, delvis på "
+"grunn av de juridiske problemene med å tilpasse tegneserier slik doujinshi "
+"får lov til. Med for eksempel Supermann, fortalte Winick meg, \"er det en "
+"rekke regler, og du må følge dem\". Det er ting som Supermann \"ikke kan\" "
+"gjøre. \"For en som lager tegneserier er det frustrerende å måtte begrense "
+"seg til noen parameter som er femti år gamle.\""
#. f6
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why "
"All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
"self-interest and decide not to press their legal rights. This is "
"essentially a prisoner's dilemma solved.\""
msgstr ""
-"se salil k. mehra, \"copyright og tegneserier i japan: gjør loven forklare "
-"hvorfor alle tegneseriene min gutt klokker er japanske import?\" rutgers lov "
-"gå gjennom 55 (2002): 155, 182. \"[t] her kan være en kollektiv økonomiske "
-"rasjonalitet som ville føre manga og anime kunstnere til å forgo bringe "
-"juridiske handlinger for krenkelse. én hypotese er at alle manga kunstnere "
-"kan være bedre samlet hvis de satt deres individuelle egeninteresse og "
-"bestemmer deg for ikke å trykke sine juridiske rettigheter. Dette er "
-"egentlig en fangens dilemma løst.\""
+"Se Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why All "
+"the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. \"det kan være en kollektiv "
+"økonomisk rasjonalitet som får manga- og anime-kunstnere til ikke å saksøke "
+"for opphavsrettsbrudd. Én hypotese er at alle manga-kunstnere kan være bedre "
+"stilt hvis de setter sin individuelle egeninteresse til side og bestemmer "
+"seg for ikke å forfølge sine juridiske rettigheter. Dette er essensielt en "
+"løsning på fangens dilemma.\""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Everyone would be worse off if doujinshi were banned, so the law does not "
"ban doujinshi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Normen i Japan reduserer denne juridiske utfordringen. Noen sier at det "
+"nettopp er den oppsamlede fordelen i det japanske mangamarkedet som "
+"forklarer denne reduksjonen. Jussprofessor Salil Mehra ved Temple "
+"University hypotiserer for eksempel med at manga-markedet aksepterer disse "
+"teoretiske bruddene fordi de får mangamarkedet til å bli rikere og mer "
+"produktivt. Alle ville få det verre hvis doujinshi ble bannlyst, så loven "
+"bannlyser ikke doujinshi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The problem with this story, however, as Mehra plainly acknowledges, is that "
"the mechanism producing this laissez faire response is not clear. It may "
"artists, why is there not a more general pattern of blocking this \"free "
"taking\" by the doujinshi culture?"
msgstr ""
-"problemet med denne historien, men er som mehra erkjenner tydelig, at "
-"mekanismen produsere dette laissez faire svaret ikke er klart. Det kan godt "
-"være at markedet som helhet er bedre om doujinshi er tillatt stedet "
-"utestengt, men som ikke forklare hvorfor enkelte opphavsrett eiere ikke "
-"saksøke likevel. Hvis loven har ingen generelle unntak for doujinshi og "
-"faktisk i noen tilfeller individuelle manga kunstnere har saksøkte doujinshi "
-"artister, hvorfor er det ikke en mer generell mønster av blokkerer denne "
-"\"gratis tar\" av doujinshi kultur?"
+"Problemet med denne historien, derimot, og som Mehra helt klart erkjenner, "
+"er at mekanismen som produserer denne \"hold hendene borte\"-responsen ikke "
+"er forstått. Det kan godt være at markedet som helhet gjør det bedre hvis "
+"doujinshi tillates i stedet for å bannlyse den, men det forklarer likevel "
+"ikke hvorfor individuelle opphavsrettsinnehavere ikke saksøker. Hvis loven "
+"ikke har et generelt unntak for doujinshi, og det finnes faktisk noen "
+"tilfeller der individuelle manga-kunstnere har saksøkt doujinshi-kunstnere, "
+"hvorfor er det ikke et mer generelt mønster for å blokkere denne \"frie "
+"takingen\" hos doujinshi-kulturen?"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as often "
"as I could. Perhaps the best account in the end was offered by a friend from "
"afternoon. There \"just aren't enough resources to prosecute cases like this."
"\""
msgstr ""
-"Jeg tilbrakte fire fantastiske måneder i japan, og jeg spurt dette "
-"spørsmålet så ofte som jeg kunne. kanskje ble den beste kontoen til slutt "
-"tilbudt av en venn fra en større japansk advokatfirma. \"vi ikke har nok "
-"advokater,\" han fortalte meg en ettermiddag. det \"bare ikke er nok "
-"ressurser til å tiltale tilfeller som dette.\""
+"Jeg var fire nydelige måneder i Japan, og jeg stilte dette spørsmål så ofte "
+"som jeg kunne. Kanskje det beste svaret til slutt kom fra en venn i et "
+"større japansk advokatfirma. \"Vi har ikke nok advokater\", fortalte han meg "
+"en ettermiddag. Det er \"bare ikke nok ressurser til å tiltale tilfeller "
+"som dette\"."
#. PAGE BREAK 41
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a theme to which we will return: that regulation by law is a "
"function of both the words on the books and the costs of making those words "
"lawyers fighting this piracy help their clients or hurt them? Let's pause "
"for a moment."
msgstr ""
-"Dette er et tema som vi kommer tilbake: at regulering av loven er en "
-"funksjon av begge ordene på bøker og kostnadene ved å gjøre disse ordene har "
-"effekt. for nå, fokusere på det åpenbare spørsmålet som er ba: ville japan "
-"være bedre med mer advokater? ville manga bli rikere Hvis doujinshi artister "
-"regelmessig ble rettslig forfulgt? ville den japanske gevinsten noe viktig "
-"hvis de kunne avslutte denne praksisen med uncompensated deling? gjør vondt "
-"piratkopiering her ofre for piratkopiering, eller betyr det hjelpe dem? vil "
-"advokater slåss denne sjørøver hjelpe sine kunder eller skade dem? La oss ta "
-"en pause for et øyeblikk."
+"Dette er et tema vi kommer tilbake til: at lovens regulering både er en "
+"funksjon av ordene i bøkene, og kostnadene med å få disse ordene til å ha "
+"effekt. Akkurat nå er det endel åpenbare spørsmål som presser seg frem: "
+"Ville Japan gjøre det bedre med flere advokater? Ville manga være rikere "
+"hvis doujinshi-kunstnere ble regelmessig rettsforfulgt? Ville Japan vinne "
+"noe viktig hvis de kunne stoppe praksisen med deling uten kompensasjon? "
+"Skader piratvirksomhet ofrene for piratvirksomheten, eller hjelper den dem? "
+"Ville advokaters kamp mot denne piratvirksomheten hjelpe deres klienter, "
+"eller skade dem? La oss ta et øyeblikks pause."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you're like I was a decade ago, or like most people are when they first "
"start thinking about these issues, then just about now you should be puzzled "
"about something you hadn't thought through before."
msgstr ""
-"Hvis du er som jeg var et tiår siden, eller som folk flest er når de først "
-"begynne å tenke disse problemene, bør så bare om nå du være rådvill om noe "
-"du ikke hadde tenkt gjennom før."
+"Hvis du er som meg et tiår tilbake, eller som folk flest når de først "
+"begynner å tenke på disse temaene, da bør du omtrent nå være rådvill om noe "
+"du ikke hadde tenkt igjennom før."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
msgstr "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The term <citetitle>intellectual property</citetitle> is of relatively "
"recent origin. See Siva Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
"secret—but the nature of those rights is very different. <placeholder "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"begrepet immaterielle er relativt nylige opprinnelsesland. se siva "
-"vaidhyanathan, opphavsrett og copywrongs, 11 (new york: new york university "
-"press, 2001). Se også lawrence lessig, fremtiden for idéer (new york: random "
-"house, 2001), 293 n. 26. begrepet beskriver nøyaktig et sett med rettigheter "
-"for \"eiendom\"—opphavsrett, patenter, varemerker, og "
-"forretningshemmeligheter— men innholdet av disse rettighetene er svært "
-"forskjellige."
+"Begrepet <citetitle>immateriell eiendom</citetitle> er av relativ ny "
+"opprinnelse. Se See Siva Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
+"Copywrongs</citetitle>, 11 (New York: New York University Press, 2001). Se "
+"også Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> (New York: "
+"Random House, 2001), 293 n. 26. Begrepet presist beskriver et sett med "
+"\"eiendoms\"-rettigheter—opphavsretter, patenter, varemerker og "
+"forretningshemmeligheter—men egenskapene til disse rettighetene er "
+"svært forskjellige.<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"diverse society cannot survive without property; a large, diverse, and "
"modern society cannot flourish without intellectual property."
msgstr ""
+"Vi lever i en verden som feirer \"eiendom\". Jeg er en av de som feierer. "
+"Jeg tror på verdien av eiendom generelt, og jeg tror også på verdien av den "
+"sære formen for eiendom som advokater kaller \"immateriell eiendom\"."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Et stort og variert samfunn kan "
+"ikke overleve uten eiendom, og et moderne samfunn kan ikke blomstre uten "
+"immaterielle eierrettigheter."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"use would have been considered \"fair.\" There was nothing wrong with the "
"taking from the Grimms because the Grimms' work was in the public domain."
msgstr ""
+"Men det tar bare noen sekunders refleksjon for å innse at det er masse av "
+"verdi der ute som \"eiendom\" ikke dekker. Jeg mener ikke \"kjærlighet kan "
+"ikke kjøpes med penger\" men heller, at en verdi som ganske enkelt er del av "
+"produksjonsprosessen, både for kommersiell og ikke-kommersiell produksjon. "
+"Hvis Disneys animatører hadde stjålet et sett med blyanter for å tegne "
+"Steamboat Willie, vi ville ikke nølt med å dømme det som galt—selv om "
+"det er trivielt og selv om det ikke blir oppdaget. Men det var intet galt, "
+"i hvert fall slik loven var da, med at Disney tok fra Buster Keaton eller "
+"fra Grimm-brødrene. Det var intet galt med å ta fra Keaton, fordi Disneys "
+"bruk ville blitt ansett som \"rimelig\". Det var intet galt med å ta fra "
+"brødrene Grimm fordi deres verker var allemannseie."
#. PAGE BREAK 42
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, even though the things that Disney took—or more generally, the "
"things taken by anyone exercising Walt Disney creativity—are valuable, "
"our tradition does not treat those takings as wrong. Some things remain free "
"for the taking within a free culture, and that freedom is good."
msgstr ""
-"Således, selv om tingene som disney tok— eller mer generelt, tingene "
-"som er tatt av noen utøve walt disney kreativitet—er verdifull, vår "
-"tradisjon ikke behandler disse takings som feil. noen ting fortsatt være "
-"gratis for å ta innenfor en fri kultur, og at frihet er bra."
+"Dermed, selv om de tingene som Disney tok—eller mer generelt, tingene "
+"som blir tatt av enhver som utøver Walt Disney-kreativitet—er "
+"verdifulle, så anser ikke vår tradisjon det som galt å ta disse tingene. "
+"Noen ting forblir frie til å bli tatt i en fri kultur og denne friheten er "
+"bra."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same with the doujinshi culture. If a doujinshi artist broke into a "
"publisher's office and ran off with a thousand copies of his latest "
"stolen something of value. The law bans that stealing in whatever form, "
"whether large or small."
msgstr ""
-"det samme med doujinshi kultur. Hvis en doujinshi artist brøt inn i en "
-"publisher office og kjørte med tusen eksemplarer av hans siste verk— "
-"eller selv en kopi—uten å betale, ville vi har ingen nøle i sier "
-"kunstneren var galt. i tillegg til å ha begått, ville han har stjålet noe av "
-"verdi. lov forbud at stjele i enhver form, enten store eller små."
+"Det er det samme med doujinshi-kulturen. Hvis en doujinshi-kunstner brøt "
+"seg inn på kontoret til en forlegger, og stakk av med tusen kopier av hans "
+"siste verk—eller bare en kopi—uten å betale, så ville vi uten å "
+"nøle si at kunstneren har gjort noe galt. I tillegg til å ha trengt seg inn "
+"på andres eiendom, ville han ha stjålet noe av verdi. Loven forbyr stjeling "
+"i enhver form, uansett hvor stort eller lite som blir tatt."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say that "
"the copycat comic artists are \"stealing.\" This form of Walt Disney "
"creativity is seen as fair and right, even if lawyers in particular find it "
"hard to say why."
msgstr ""
-"Likevel er det en åpenbar uvilje mot, selv blant japanske advokater, for å "
-"si at copycat comic kunstnerne er \"stjele.\" denne formen for walt disney "
-"kreativitet er sett på som rettferdig og høyre, selv om advokater spesielt "
-"finner det vanskelig å si hvorfor."
+"Likevel er det en åpenbar motvilje, selv blant japanske advokater, for å si "
+"at etterapende tegneseriekunstnere \"stjeler\". Denne formen for Walt "
+"Disney-kreativitet anses som rimelig og riktig, selv om spesielt advokater "
+"synes det er vanskelig å forklare hvorfor."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you begin "
"to look. Scientists build upon the work of other scientists without asking "
"goes through cycles with a certain kind of movie: five asteroid films in the "
"late 1990s; two volcano disaster films in 1997."
msgstr ""
-"Det er det samme med tusen eksempler som vises overalt når du begynner å se. "
-"forskere bygge på arbeidet til andre forskere uten å be om eller betale for "
-"privilegiet. (\"Unnskyld meg, professor einstein, men kanskje jeg har "
-"tillatelse til å bruke ditt Relativitetsteorien for å vise at du var galt om "
-"quantum fysikk?\") fungerende virksomheter utfører bearbeidelser av verk av "
-"shakespeare uten sikring tillatelse fra noen. (mener noen shakespeare ville "
-"være bedre spredt i vår kultur Hvis det var en sentral shakespeare "
-"rettigheter clearinghouse som alle produksjoner Shakespeare må appellere til "
-"første?) og hollywood går gjennom sykluser med en bestemt type film: fem "
-"asteroider filmer inne det sen 1990s; to vulkanen katastrofe filmer i 1997."
+"Det er det same med tusen eksempler som dukker opp over alt med en gang en "
+"begynner å se etter dem. Forskene bygger på arbeidet til andre forskere "
+"uten å spørre eller betale for privilegiet. (\"Unnskyld meg, professor "
+"Einstein, men kan jeg få tillatelse til å bruke din relativitetsteori til å "
+"vise at du tok feil om kvantefysikk?\") Teatertropper viser frem "
+"bearbeidelser av verkene til Shapespere uten å sikre seg noen tillatelser. "
+"(Er det <emphasis>noen</emphasis> som tror at Shakespeare ville vært mer "
+"spredt i vår kultur om det var et sentralt rettighetsklareringskontor for "
+"Shakespeare som alle som laget Shakespear-produksjoner måtte appelere til "
+"først?) Og Hollywood går igjennom sykluser med en bestemt type filmer: fem "
+"astroidefilmer i slutten av 1990-tallet, to vulkamkatastrofefilmer i 1997."
#. PAGE BREAK 43
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creators here and everywhere are always and at all times building upon the "
"creativity that went before and that surrounds them now. That building is "
"bit of its culture free for the taking—free societies more fully than "
"unfree, perhaps, but all societies to some degree."
msgstr ""
-"skaperne er her og overalt alltid og på alle ganger bygge på kreativitet som "
-"gikk før og som omgir dem nå. at bygningen er alltid og overalt i det minste "
-"delvis gjort uten tillatelse, og uten kompenserende den opprinnelige "
-"skaperen. Ingen samfunnet, gratis eller kontrollert og har noensinne krevd "
-"at hver bruk betales for eller tillatelsen for walt disney kreativitet må "
-"alltid bli søkt. i stedet alle samfunn har forlatt en bestemt bit av sin "
-"kultur som er gratis for å ta—gratis samfunn nærmere enn fri, kanskje, "
-"men alle samfunn til en viss grad."
+"Skapere her og overalt har alltid og til alle tider bygd på kreativiteten "
+"som eksisterte før og som omringer dem nå. Denne byggingen er alltid og "
+"overalt i det minste delvis gjort uten tillatelse og uten å kompensere den "
+"opprinnelige skaperen. Intet samfunn, fritt eller kontrollert, har noen "
+"gang krevd at enhver bruk skulle bli betalt for eller at tillatelse for Walt "
+"Disney-kreativitet alltid måtte skaffes. Istedet har ethvert samfunn latt "
+"en bestemt bit av sin kultur være fritt tilgjenglig for alle å ta—frie "
+"samfunn muligens i større grad enn ufrie, men en viss grad i alle samfunn."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The hard question is therefore not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> a culture is "
"free. All cultures are free to some degree. The hard question instead is "
msgstr ""
"Det vanskelige spørsmålet er derfor ikke <emphasis>om</emphasis> en kultur "
"er fri. Alle kulturer er frie til en viss grad. Det vanskelige spørsmålet "
-"er i stedet \"<emphasis>hvor</emphasis> fri er denne kulturen?\" hvor mye og "
-"hvordan forstand, er kultur som er gratis for andre å ta, og bygge på? er "
-"den hvordan forstand, er kultur som er friheten begrenset til partiets "
-"medlemmer? til medlemmer av kongefamilien? til topp ti selskaper på new york "
-"stock exchange? eller er at frihet spredt bredt? til kunstnere vanligvis "
-"enten tilknyttet av the met eller ikke? til musikere vanligvis om hvit eller "
-"ikke? til filmskapere vanligvis enten tilknyttet et studio eller ikke?"
+"er i stedet \"<emphasis>hvor</emphasis> fri er denne kulturen er?\" Hvor mye "
+"og hvor bredt, er kulturen fritt tilgjengelig for andre å ta, og bygge på? "
+"Er den friheten begrenset til partimedlemmer? Til medlemmer av "
+"kongefamilien? Til de ti største selskapene på New York-børsen? Eller er "
+"at frihet bredt tilgjengelig? Til kunstnere generelt, uansett om de er "
+"tilknyttet til nasjonalmuseet eller ikke? Til musikere generelt, uansett om "
+"de er hvite eller ikke? Til filmskapere generelt, uansett om de er "
+"tilknyttet et studio eller ikke?"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
msgstr "Kapittel to: \"Kun etter-apere\""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "photography"
+msgstr "fotografering"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Daguerre, Louis"
msgstr "Daguerre, Louis"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1839, Louis Daguerre invented the first practical technology for "
"producing what we would call \"photographs.\" Appropriately enough, they "
"and the field was thus limited to professionals and a few zealous and "
"wealthy amateurs. (There was even an American Daguerre Association that "
"helped regulate the industry, as do all such associations, by keeping "
-"competition down so as to keep prices up.)"
+"competition down so as to keep prices up.) <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"i 1839, louis daguerre oppfant den første praktiske teknologien for å "
-"produsere det vi vil kalle \"fotografier.\" riktig nok, de ble kalt "
-"\"daguerreotypes.\" prosessen var komplisert og kostbart, og feltet var "
-"dermed begrenset til profesjonelle og noen ivrige og velstående amatører. "
-"(det var enda en amerikansk daguerre tilknytning som hjalp regulere "
-"bransjen, som gjør alle slike tilknytninger, ved å holde konkurranse å holde "
-"prisene.)"
+"I 1839 fant Louis Daguerre opp den første praktiske teknologien for å "
+"produsere det vi ville kalle \"fotografier\". Rimelig nok ble de kalt "
+"\"daguerreotyper\". Prosessen var komplisert og kostbar, og feltet var "
+"dermed begrenset til profesjonelle og noen få ivrige og velstående "
+"amatører. (Det var til og med en amerikansk Daguerre-forening som hjalp til "
+"med å regulere industrien, slik alle slike foreninger gjør, ved å holde "
+"konkurransen ned slikat prisene var høye.) <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Talbot, William"
+msgstr "Talbot, William"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong. This "
"pushed inventors to find simpler and cheaper ways to make \"automatic "
"still remained expensive and cumbersome. In the 1870s, dry plates were "
"developed, making it easier to separate the taking of a picture from its "
"developing. These were still plates of glass, and thus it was still not a "
-"process within reach of most amateurs."
+"process within reach of most amateurs. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"likevel til tross for høye priser var etterspørselen etter daguerreotypes "
-"sterk. Dette presset oppfinnere å finne enklere og billigere måter å gjøre "
-"\"automatisk bilder.\" william talbot snart oppdaget en prosess for å gjøre "
-"\"negativer.\", men fordi negativene var glass, og måtte holdes våt, "
-"prosessen forsatt dyre og tunge. i 1870, ble tørr platene utviklet, gjør det "
-"enklere å skille å ta på et bilde fra sin utvikling. disse var fortsatt "
-"plater av glass, og dermed det var likevel ikke en prosess innenfor "
-"rekkevidde de fleste amatører."
+"Men til tross for høye priser var etterspørselen etter daguerreotyper "
+"sterk. Dette inspirerte oppfinnere til å finne enklere og billigere måter å "
+"lage \"automatiske bilder\". William Talbot oppdaget snart en prosess for å "
+"lage \"negativer\". Men da negativene var av glass, og måtte holdes "
+"fuktige, forble prosessen kostbar og tung. På 1870-tallet ble tørrplater "
+"utviklet, noe som gjorde det enklere å skille det å ta et bilde fra å "
+"fremkalle det. Det var fortsatt plater av glass, og dermed var det fortsatt "
+"ikke en prosess som var innenfor rekkevidden til de fleste amatører. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Eastman, George"
#. PAGE BREAK 45
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The technological change that made mass photography possible didn't happen "
"until 1888, and was the creation of a single man. George Eastman, himself an "
"photography down substantially. By lowering the costs, Eastman expected he "
"could dramatically broaden the population of photographers."
msgstr ""
-"teknologiske endringen som gjorde det mulig masse fotografering skje ikke "
-"før 1888, og var etableringen av en enkelt mann. George eastman, selv en "
-"amatør fotograf, var frustrert av fotografier som er laget med plater-"
-"teknologi. i en flash av innsikt (så å si), så eastman at hvis filmen kan "
-"gjøres for å være fleksibel, kunne det bli avholdt på en enkelt spindel. at "
-"roll kunne deretter sendes til en utvikler, senke kostnadene for "
-"fotografering vesentlig. ved å senke kostnadene, forventet eastman han kan "
-"dramatisk utvide befolkningen av fotografer."
+"Den teknologiske endringen som gjorde masse-fotografering mulig skjedde ikke "
+"før i 1888, og det var takket være en eneste mann. George Eastman, selv en "
+"amatørfotograf, var frustrert over den plate-baserte fotografi-teknologien. "
+"I et lysglimt av innsikt (for å si det slik), forsto Eastman at hvis filmen "
+"kunne gjøres bøybar, så kunne den holdes pæ en enkel rull. Denne rullen "
+"kunne så sendes til en fremkaller, og senke kostnadene til fotografering "
+"vesentlig. Ved å reduseere kostnadene, forventet Eastman at han dramatisk "
+"kunne utvide andelen fotografer."
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Reese V. Jenkins, Images and Enterprise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins "
-#| "University Press, 1975), 112."
msgid ""
"Reese V. Jenkins, <citetitle>Images and Enterprise</citetitle> (Baltimore: "
"Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 112."
msgstr ""
-"Reese V. Jenkins, Images and Enterprise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University "
-"Press, 1975), 112."
+"Reese V. Jenkins, <citetitle>Images and Enterprise</citetitle> (Baltimore: "
+"Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 112."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As he described in <citetitle>The Kodak Primer</"
"citetitle>:"
msgstr ""
+"Eastman utviklet bøybart, emulsjons-belagt papirfil og plasserte ruller med "
+"dette i små, enkle kameraer: Kodaken. Enheten ble markedsfør med grunnlag "
+"dens enkelhet. \"Du trykker på knappen og vi fikser resten.\"<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Som han beskrev det i <citetitle>The Kodak "
+"Primer</citetitle>:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Coe, Brian"
msgstr "Coe, Brian"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Brian Coe, <citetitle>The Birth of Photography</citetitle> (New York: "
"Taplinger Publishing, 1977), 53. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Brian coe, fødselen av fotografering (new york: taplinger publiserer, 1977), "
-"53."
+"Brian Coe, <citetitle>The Birth of Photography</citetitle> (New York: "
+"Taplinger Publishing, 1977), 53. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The principle of the Kodak system is the separation of the work that any "
"person whomsoever can do in making a photograph, from the work that only an "
-"expert can do. . . . We furnish anybody, man, woman or child, who has "
+"expert can do. … We furnish anybody, man, woman or child, who has "
"sufficient intelligence to point a box straight and press a button, with an "
"instrument which altogether removes from the practice of photography the "
"necessity for exceptional facilities or, in fact, any special knowledge of "
"the art. It can be employed without preliminary study, without a darkroom "
"and without chemicals.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Prinsippet til Kodak-systemet er skillet mellom arbeidet som enhver kan "
+"utføre når en tar fotografier, fra arbeidet som kun en ekspert kan gjøre. "
+"… Vi utstyrte alle, menn, kvinner og barn, som hadde tilstrekkelig "
+"intelligens til å peke en boks i riktig retning og trykke på en knapp, med "
+"et instrument som helt fjernet fra praksisen med å fotografere "
+"nødvendigheten av uvanlig utstyr eller for den del, noe som helst spesiell "
+"kunskap om kunstarten. Det kan tas i bruk uten forutgående studier, uten et "
+"mørkerom og uten kjemikalier.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f3
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
"camera first went on sale in 1888; one year later, Kodak was printing more "
"than six thousand negatives a day. From 1888 through 1909, while industrial "
"production was rising by 4.7 percent, photographic equipment and material "
-"sales increased by percent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eastman "
-"Kodak's sales during the same period experienced an average annual increase "
-"of over 17 percent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"sales increased by 11 percent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Eastman Kodak's sales during the same period experienced an average annual "
+"
increase of over 17 percent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. f5
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Coe, 58."
msgstr "Coe, 58."
"they would never otherwise see. Amateur photography gave them the ability to "
"record their own lives in a way they had never been able to do before. As "
"author Brian Coe notes, \"For the first time the snapshot album provided the "
-"man on the street with a permanent record of his family and its "
-"activities. . . . For the first time in history there exists an authentic "
-"visual record of the appearance and activities of the common man made "
-"without [literary] interpretation or bias.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
-msgstr ""
+"man on the street with a permanent record of his family and its activities. "
+"… For the first time in history there exists an authentic visual "
+"record of the appearance and activities of the common man made without "
+"[literary] interpretation or bias.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Den virkelige betydningen av oppfinnelsen til Eastman, var derimot ikke "
+"økonomisk. Den var sosial. Profesjonell fotografering ga individer et "
+"glimt av steder de ellers aldri ville se. Amatørfotografering ga dem "
+"mulihgeten til å arkivere deres liv på en måte som de aldri hadde vært i "
+"stand til tidligere. Som forfatter Brian Coe skriver, \"For første gang "
+"tilbød fotoalbumet mannen i gata et permanent arkiv over hans familie og "
+"dens aktiviteter. … For første gang i historien fantes det en "
+"autentisk visuell oppføring av utseende og aktivitet til vanlige mennesker "
+"laget uten [skrivefør] tolkning eller forutinntatthet.\"<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this way, the Kodak camera and film were technologies of expression. The "
"pencil or paintbrush was also a technology of expression, of course. But it "
"ordinary people a way to express themselves more easily than any tools could "
"have before."
msgstr ""
-"på denne måten var kodak-kamera og film teknologier uttrykksmåter. blyant "
-"eller paintbrush var også en teknologi uttrykksmåter, selvfølgelig. men det "
-"tok år med trening før de kan distribueres av amatører på noen nyttige eller "
-"effektiv måte. med kodak var uttrykk mulig mye raskere og enklere. barriere "
-"til uttrykk ble senket. snobs ville hånlig flir på sin \"kvalitet\"; "
-"profesjonelle ville rabatt det som irrelevant. Men se et barn studere "
-"hvordan du best som ramme for et bilde, og du får en følelse av opplevelsen "
-"av kreativitet som kodak aktivert. demokratiske verktøy ga vanlige folk en "
-"måte å uttrykke seg lettere enn noen verktøy kan har før."
+"På denne måten var Kodak-kameraet og film uttrykksteknologier. Blyanten og "
+"malepenselen var selvfølgelig også en uttrykksteknologi. Men det tok årevis "
+"med trening før de kunne bli brukt nyttig og effektiv av amatører. Med "
+"Kodaken var uttrykk mulig mye raskere og enklere. Barriæren for å uttrykke "
+"seg var senket. Snobber ville fnyse over \"kvaliteten\", profesjonelle "
+"ville avvise den som irrelevant. Men se et barn studere hvordan best velge "
+"bildemotiv og du får følelsen av hva slags kreativitesterfaring som Kodaken "
+"muliggjorde. Demokratiske verktøy ga vanlige folk en måte å uttrykke dem "
+"selv på enklere enn noe annet verktøy kunne ha gjort før."
#. f6
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#. PAGE BREAK 47
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "
"familiar. The photographer was \"taking\" something from the person or "
"take the pencils that his animators used to draw Mickey, so, too, should "
"these photographers not be free to take images that they thought valuable."
msgstr ""
-"argumenter for å trenge tillatelse vil lyde overraskende kjent. fotografen "
-"ble \"tar\" noe fra personen eller bygge med fotografi han skjøt—"
-"pirating noe av verdi. noen trodde selv han tok målets sjel. akkurat som "
-"disney ikke var fritt til å ta den blyanter hans animatører brukes til å "
-"tegne mickey, så bør også, disse fotografer ikke være fritt til å ta bilder "
-"som de trodde verdifull."
+"Argumentene til fordel for å kreve tillatelser vil høres overraskende kjent "
+"ut. Fotografen \"tok\" noe fra personen eller bygningen som ble "
+"fotografert—røvet til seg noe av verdi. Noen trodde til og med at han "
+"tok målets sjel. På samme måte som Disney ikke var fri til å ta blyantene "
+"som hans animatører brukte til å tegne Mikke, så skulle heller ikke disse "
+"fotografene være fri til å ta bilder som de fant verdi i."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Warren, Samuel D."
msgstr "Warren, Samuel D."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" "
"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Samuel d. warren og louis d. brandeis, \"rett til personvern,\" harvard law "
-"gå gjennom 4 (1890): 193."
+"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" "
+"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"without clearing the rights to do the capturing.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
"\" id=\"0\"/>)"
msgstr ""
+"Heldigvis for Mr. Eastman, og for fotografering generelt, gikk disse "
+"tidligere avgjørelsene i favør av piratene. Generelt ble det ikke nødvendig "
+"å sikre seg tillatelse før et bilde kunne tas og deles med andre. I stedet "
+"var det antatt at tillatelse var gitt. Frihet var utgangspunktet. (Loven "
+"ga etter en stund et unntak for berømte personer: kommersielle fotografer "
+"som tok bilder av berømte personer for kommersielle formål har flere "
+"begresninger enn resten av oss. Men i det vanlige tilfellet, kan bildet "
+"fanges uten å klarere rettighetene for a fange det.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>)"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Media literacy,\" as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of Just Think!, "
-"puts it, \"is the ability . . . to understand, analyze, and deconstruct "
+"puts it, \"is the ability … to understand, analyze, and deconstruct "
"media images. Its aim is to make [kids] literate about the way media works, "
"the way it's constructed, the way it's delivered, and the way people access "
"it.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
"Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
"California's Annenberg Center for Communication and dean of the USC School "
"of Cinema-Television, explained to me, the grammar was about \"the placement "
-"of objects, color,
. . . rhythm, pacing, and texture.\"<placeholder type="
+"of objects, color,
… rhythm, pacing, and texture.\"<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But as computers open up an interactive space where "
"a story is \"played\" as well as experienced, that grammar changes. The "
"simple control of narrative is lost, and so other techniques are necessary. "
msgstr "dataspill"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "
"\"people are very surprised about how they are led through a film. [I]t is "
"filmmaker succeeds you do not know how you were led.\" If you know you were "
"led through a film, the film has failed."
msgstr ""
-"denne ferdigheten er nøyaktig håndverket filmskaper lærer. som daley "
-"beskriver, er\"folk veldig overrasket om hvordan de er ledet gjennom en "
-"film. [i] t er perfekt konstruert for å hindre at du ser det, så du har "
-"ingen anelse om. Hvis en filmskaper lykkes du ikke vet hvordan du ble ledet."
-"\"Hvis du vet at du ble ledet gjennom en film, filmen mislyktes."
+"Akkurat denne ferdigheten er håndverket en lærer til de som lager filmer. "
+"Som Daley skriver, \"folk er svært overrrasket over hvordan de blir ledet "
+"gjennom en film. Den er perfekt konstruert for å hindre deg fra å se det, "
+"så du aner det ikke. Hvis en som lager filmer lykkes så vet du ikke at du "
+"har vært ledet.\" Hvis du vet at du ble ledet igjennom en film, så har "
+"filmen feilet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
"språket, og resten av oss er redusert til å være skrivebeskyttet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Read-only.\" Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere. Couch "
"potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth century."
msgstr ""
-"\"lese-bare.\" passiv mottakerne av kultur produsert andre steder. Couch "
-"Poteter. forbrukere. Dette er verden av medier fra det tjuende århundre."
+"\"Skrivebeskyttet.\" Passive mottakerne av kultur produsert andre steder. "
+"Sofapoteter. Forbrukere. Dette er medieverden fra det tjuende århundre."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"[But i]nstead, if you say, \"Well, with all these things that you can do, "
"let's talk about this issue. Play for me music that you think reflects that, "
"or show me images that you think reflect that, or draw for me something that "
-"reflects that.\" Not by giving a kid a video camera and . . . saying, "
+"reflects that.\" Not by giving a kid a video camera and … saying, "
"\"Let's go have fun with the video camera and make a little movie.\" But "
"instead, really help you take these elements that you understand, that are "
-"your language, and construct meaning about the topic. . . ."
+"your language, and construct meaning about the topic. …"
msgstr ""
"Hva du ønsker er å gi disse elevene måter for å bygge betydning. Hvis alt du "
"gi dem er tekst, er de ikke til å gjøre det på. fordi de ikke kan. du vet, "
"koreograferte i måten vi er stadig mer vant til det, \"nyheter som "
"underholdning,\" selv om underholdning er tragedie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><
para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "ABC"
msgstr "ABC"
#. f15
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, <citetitle>Democracy in America</"
"citetitle>, bk. 1, trans. Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, 2000), ch. "
"16."
msgstr ""
-"Se for eksempel alexis de tocqueville, demokrati i Amerika, bk. 1, trans. "
-"Henry reeve (new york: bantam books, 2000), ch. 16."
+"Se for eksempel Alexis de Tocqueville, <citetitle>Democracy in America</"
+"citetitle>, bk. 1, overs. Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, 2000), kap. "
+"16."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. f16
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" Journal of "
-#| "Political Philosophy 10 (2) (2002): 129."
msgid ""
"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" <citetitle>Journal "
"of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
msgstr ""
-"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" Journal of Political "
-"Philosophy 10 (2) (2002): 129."
+"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" <citetitle>Journal "
+"of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. f17
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Cass Sunstein, Republic.com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, "
-#| "2001), 65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
msgid ""
"Cass Sunstein, <citetitle>Republic.com</citetitle> (Princeton: Princeton "
"University Press, 2001), 65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
msgstr ""
-"Cass Sunstein, Republic.com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), "
-"65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
+"Cass Sunstein, <citetitle>Republic.com</citetitle> (Princeton: Princeton "
+"University Press, 2001), 65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
msgstr "Brown, John Seely"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"John Seely Brown is the chief scientist of the Xerox Corporation. His work, "
-"as his Web site describes it, is \"human learning and . . . the creation of "
-"knowledge ecologies for creating . . . innovation.\""
+"as his Web site describes it, is \"human learning and … the creation "
+"of knowledge ecologies for creating … innovation.\""
msgstr ""
-"John seely brown er den ledende vitenskapsmannen for xerox corporation. hans "
-"arbeid, som hans webområdet beskriver det, er \"menneskelige læring og... "
-"etableringen av kunnskap dagsykluser for å opprette... innovasjon.\""
+"John Seely Brown er sjefsforsker ved Xerox Corporation. Hans arbeid, i "
+"følge hans eget nettsted, er \"menneskelig læring og … å skape "
+"kunnskapsøkologier for å skape … innovasjon\"."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This opportunity creates a \"completely new kind of learning platform,\" as "
-"Brown describes. \"As soon as you start doing that, you . . . unleash a "
+"Brown describes. \"As soon as you start doing that, you … unleash a "
"free collage on the community, so that other people can start looking at "
"your code, tinkering with it, trying it out, seeing if they can improve it."
"\" Each effort is a kind of apprenticeship. \"Open source becomes a major "
"In this process, \"the concrete things you tinker with are abstract. They "
"are code.\" Kids are \"shifting to the ability to tinker in the abstract, "
"and this tinkering is no longer an isolated activity that you're doing in "
-"your garage. You are tinkering with a community platform. . . . You are "
+"your garage. You are tinkering with a community platform. … You are "
"tinkering with other people's stuff. The more you tinker the more you "
"improve.\" The more you improve, the more you learn."
msgstr ""
"\"the Web [is] the first medium that truly honors multiple forms of "
"intelligence.\" Earlier technologies, such as the typewriter or word "
"processors, helped amplify text. But the Web amplifies much more than text. "
-"\"The Web . . . says if you are musical, if you are artistic, if you are "
-"visual, if you are interested in film . . . [then] there is a lot you can "
+"\"The Web … says if you are musical, if you are artistic, if you are "
+"visual, if you are interested in film … [then] there is a lot you can "
"start to do on this medium. [It] can now amplify and honor these multiple "
"forms of intelligence.\""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These restrictions have become the focus of researchers and scholars. "
-"Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter 10) has "
-"developed a powerful argument in favor of the \"right to tinker\" as it "
-"applies to computer science and to knowledge in general.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But Brown's concern is earlier, or younger, or more "
-"fundamental. It is about the learning that kids can do, or can't do, because "
-"of the law."
+"Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>) has developed a "
+"powerful argument in favor of the \"right to tinker\" as it applies to "
+"computer science and to knowledge in general.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> But Brown's concern is earlier, or younger, or more fundamental. "
+"It is about the learning that kids can do, or can't do, because of the law."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"\"Yet,\" as Brown continued, and as the balance of this book will evince, "
"\"we are building a legal system that completely suppresses the natural "
-"tendencies of today's digital kids. . . . We're building an architecture "
+"tendencies of today's digital kids. … We're building an architecture "
"that unleashes 60 percent of the brain [and] a legal system that closes down "
"that part of the brain.\""
msgstr ""
"hjernen [og] en juridisk system stenger ned som en del av hjernen.\""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We're building a technology that takes the magic of Kodak, mixes moving "
"images and sound, and adds a space for commentary and an opportunity to "
"spread that creativity everywhere. But we're building the law to close down "
"that technology."
msgstr ""
-"bygger vi en teknologi som tar magiske kodak, mikser flytte bilder og lyd, "
-"og legger til et mellomrom for kommentarer og en mulighet til å spre at "
-"kreativiteten overalt. men bygger vi lov til å lukke den teknologien."
+"Vi bygger en teknologi som tar magien til Kodak, misker inn bevegelige "
+"bilder og lyd, og legger inn plass for kommentarer og en mulighet til å spre "
+"denne kreativiteten over alt. Men vi bygger loven for å stenge ned denne "
+"teknologien."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"No way to run a culture,\" as Brewster Kahle, whom we'll meet in chapter "
-"9, quipped to me in a rare moment of despondence."
+"<xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>, quipped to "
+"me in a rare moment of despondence."
msgstr ""
-"\"ingen måte å kjøre en kultur\" som brewster kahle, hvem vil vi møtes i "
-"kapittel 9, quipped til meg i en sjelden øyeblikk av despondence."
+"\"Ikke måten å drive en kultur på\", sa Brewster Kahle, som vi møtte i "
+"kapittel <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>, "
+"kommenterte til meg i et sjeldent øyeblikk av nedstemthet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"It was absurd,\" he told me. \"I don't think I did anything wrong. . . . "
-"I don't think there's anything wrong with the search engine that I ran "
-"or . . . what I had done to it. I mean, I hadn't modified it in any way that "
-"promoted or enhanced the work of pirates. I just modified the search engine "
-"in a way that would make it easier to use\"—again, a <emphasis>search "
-"engine</emphasis>, which Jesse had not himself built, using the Windows "
-"filesharing system, which Jesse had not himself built, to enable members of "
-"the RPI community to get access to content, which Jesse had not himself "
-"created or posted, and the vast majority of which had nothing to do with "
-"music."
+"\"It was absurd,\" he told me. \"I don't think I did anything wrong. "
+"… I don't think there's anything wrong with the search engine that I "
+"ran or … what I had done to it. I mean, I hadn't modified it in any "
+"way that promoted or enhanced the work of pirates. I just modified the "
+"search engine in a way that would make it easier to use\"—again, a "
+"<emphasis>search engine</emphasis>, which Jesse had not himself built, using "
+"the Windows filesharing system, which Jesse had not himself built, to enable "
+"members of the RPI community to get access to content, which Jesse had not "
+"himself created or posted, and the vast majority of which had nothing to do "
+"with music."
msgstr ""
"\"det var absurd,\" sa han til meg. \"Jeg tror ikke jeg gjorde noe galt.... "
"Jeg tror ikke det er noe galt med søkemotoren som jeg kjørte eller... hva "
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
-#| "Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" Professional Media Group LCC 6 "
-#| "(2003): 5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
msgid ""
"Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" <citetitle>Professional Media Group LCC</"
"citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
msgstr ""
"Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
-"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" Professional Media Group LCC 6 (2003): "
-"5, tilgjengelig fra 2003 WL 55179443."
+"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" <citetitle>Professional Media Group LCC</"
+"citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, tilgjengelig fra 2003 WL 55179443."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. f3
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" Wall "
-#| "Street Journal, 10 September 2003, A24."
msgid ""
"Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" "
"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, A24."
msgstr ""
"Douglas Lichtman kommer med et relatert poeng i \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" "
-"Wall Street Journal, 10. september 2003, A24."
+"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, A24."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I was definitely not an activist [before]. I never really meant to be an "
-"activist. . . . [But] I've been pushed into this. In no way did I ever "
+"activist. … [But] I've been pushed into this. In no way did I ever "
"foresee anything like this, but I think it's just completely absurd what the "
"RIAA has done."
msgstr ""
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse's parents betray a certain pride in their reluctant activist. As his "
-"father told me, Jesse \"considers himself very conservative, and so do "
-"I. . . . He's not a tree hugger. . . . I think it's bizarre that they would "
-"pick on him. But he wants to let people know that they're sending the wrong "
-"message. And he wants to correct the record.\""
+"father told me, Jesse \"considers himself very conservative, and so do I. "
+"… He's not a tree hugger. … I think it's bizarre that they "
+"would pick on him. But he wants to let people know that they're sending the "
+"wrong message. And he wants to correct the record.\""
msgstr ""
"Jesses foreldre viser en viss stolthet i deres motvillige aktivist. Som hans "
"far fortalte meg, Jesse \"anser seg selv svært konservativ, og det samme "
"in Law and Economics, Working Paper No. 159."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Fox, William"
+msgstr "Fox, William"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "General Film Company"
msgstr ""
"exchanges, except for the one owned by the independent William Fox who "
"defied the Trust even after his license was revoked.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. f3
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" The Silents Majority, archived at "
-#| "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #12</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" <citetitle>The Silents Majority</"
"citetitle>, archived at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#12</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" The Silents Majority, arkivert på "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #12</ulink>."
+"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" <citetitle>The Silents Majority</"
+"citetitle>, arkivert på <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#12</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
#. PAGE BREAK 68
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Of course, California grew quickly, and the effective enforcement of federal "
"law eventually spread west. But because patents grant the patent holder a "
"enough federal marshals appeared, the patents had expired. A new industry "
"had been born, in part from the piracy of Edison's creative property."
msgstr ""
-"Selvfølgelig, california vokste raskt, og effektiv håndhevelse av føderale "
-"lov til slutt spre vest. men fordi patenter gi patent holder en virkelig "
-"\"begrenset\" monopol (bare sytten år på den tiden), etter tid nok føderale "
-"marshals dukket opp, patentene var utløpt. en ny industri hadde blitt født, "
-"delvis fra piratkopiering av Edisons kreative eiendom."
+"California vokste naturligvis raskt, og effektiv håndhevelse av føderale "
+"lover spredte seg til slutt vestover. Men fordi patenter tildeler "
+"patentinnehaveren et i sannhet \"begrenset\" monopol (kun sytten år på den "
+"tiden), så patentene var utgått før nok føderale lovmenn dukket opp. En ny "
+"industri var født, delvis fra piratvirksomhet mot Edison's kreative "
+"rettigheter."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Recorded Music"
"hvordan krever at en setter seg inn i detaljer om hvordan loven regulerer "
"musikk."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Fourneaux, Henri"
+msgstr "Fourneaux, Henri"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"memorandum of philip mauro, patent sjefsjurist for amerikansk graphophone "
"selskapet association)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "American Graphophone Company"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These arguments have familiar echoes in the wars of our day. So, too, do the "
"talk about `theft,'\" the general counsel of the American Graphophone "
"Company wrote, \"is the merest claptrap, for there exists no property in "
"ideas musical, literary or artistic, except as defined by statute."
-"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 70
"de betalte komponist (eller opphavsrettsinnehaver) gebyr som er angitt av "
"Vedtektene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Grisham, John"
msgstr "Grisham, John"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Again, the demand of the copyright holders seemed reasonable enough:"
-msgstr "igjen, etterspørselen av rettighetshavere virket fornuftig nok:"
+msgstr "Igjen, kravene til opphavsrettsinnehaverne virket rimelige nok:"
#. f16
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
"think there is any lesser word to describe it. I think there are harsher "
"words which would fit it.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Alt vi ber om er en veldig enkel ting, at folk som tar vår eiendom gratis "
+"betaler for den. Vi forsøker å stoppe piratvirksomhet og jeg kan ikke tenke "
+"på et svakere ord for å beskrive det. Jeg tror det er sterkere ord som "
+"ville passe.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f17
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
"Our point here is that unlike the problem of whether you have any copyright "
"protection at all, the problem here is whether copyright holders who are "
"already compensated, who already have a monopoly, should be permitted to "
-"extend that monopoly. . . . The question here is how much compensation they "
-"should have and how far back they should carry their right to compensation."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"1\"/>"
+"extend that monopoly. … The question here is how much compensation "
+"they should have and how far back they should carry their right to "
+"compensation.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"creator—as it is increasingly described today<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> — then <emphasis>every</emphasis> industry "
"affected by copyright today is the product and beneficiary of a certain kind "
-"of piracy. Film, records, radio, cable TV. . . . The list is long and could "
-"well be expanded. Every generation welcomes the pirates from the last. Every "
-"generation—until now."
+"of piracy. Film, records, radio, cable TV. … The list is long and "
+"could well be expanded. Every generation welcomes the pirates from the last. "
+"Every generation—until now."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
"opphavsretten internasjonalt. Vi kan ha vært født en pirat nasjon, men vi "
"tillater ikke noen annen nasjon til å ha en lignende barndom."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Drahos, Peter"
msgstr "Drahos, Peter"
"these nations, this piracy is wrong."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
msgstr "Liebowitz, Stan"
msgid ""
"For an analysis of the economic impact of copying technology, see Stan "
"Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle> (New York: "
-"Amacom, 2002), 144–90. \"In some instances . . . the impact of piracy "
-"on the copyright holder's ability to appropriate the value of the work will "
-"be negligible. One obvious instance is the case where the individual "
-"engaging in pirating would not have purchased an original even if pirating "
-"were not an option.\" Ibid., 149. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Amacom, 2002), 144–90. \"In some instances … the impact of "
+"piracy on the copyright holder's ability to appropriate the value of the "
+"work will be negligible. One obvious instance is the case where the "
+"individual engaging in pirating would not have purchased an original even if "
+"pirating were not an option.\" Ibid., 149. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"for en analyse av økonomiske virkningen av kopiering teknologi, kan du se "
"stan liebowitz, rethinking nettverk økonomien (new york: amacom, 2002), 144"
"for en tid-teknologien, er det galt å ta eiendom uten tillatelse fra eieren "
"av en egenskap. Det er akkurat hva \"property\" betyr."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "GNU/Linux operating system"
+msgstr "GNU/Linux-operativsystemet"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Linux operating system"
+msgstr "Linux-operativsystemet"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Microsoft"
+msgstr "Microsoft"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "Windows operating system of"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Windows"
msgstr "Windows"
"the piracy. If instead of pirating Microsoft Windows, the Chinese used the "
"free GNU/Linux operating system, then these Chinese users would not "
"eventually be buying Microsoft. Without piracy, then, Microsoft would "
-"lose. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"lose. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"fight Netscape. A property right means giving the property owner the right "
"to say who gets access to what—at least ordinarily. And if the law "
"properly balances the rights of the copyright owner with the rights of "
-"access, then violating the law is still wrong."
+"access, then violating the law is still wrong. <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 79
#. f4
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 Eng. Rep. "
"1274 (1777)."
-msgstr "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
+msgstr ""
+"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 Eng. Rep. "
+"1274 (1777)."
#. PAGE BREAK 80
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgstr "Hvordan balanserer disse ulike delingstypene?"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy,148–49. <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"See Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle>, "
"148–49. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy,148–49. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Se Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle>, "
+"148–49. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
msgid ""
"Yet soon thereafter, and before Congress was given an opportunity to enact "
"regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record turnaround. \"In "
-"the end,\" Cap Gemini concludes, \"the `crisis' . . . was not the fault of "
-"the tapers—who did not [stop after MTV came into being]—but had "
-"to a large extent resulted from stagnation in musical innovation at the "
+"the end,\" Cap Gemini concludes, \"the `crisis' … was not the fault "
+"of the tapers—who did not [stop after MTV came into being]—but "
+"had to a large extent resulted from stagnation in musical innovation at the "
"major labels.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "
"of the \"piracy\" that file sharing enables is plainly legal and good. And "
-"like the piracy I described in chapter 4, much of this piracy is motivated "
-"by a new way of spreading content caused by changes in the technology of "
-"distribution. Thus, consistent with the tradition that gave us Hollywood, "
-"radio, the recording industry, and cable TV, the question we should be "
-"asking about file sharing is how best to preserve its benefits while "
-"minimizing (to the extent possible) the wrongful harm it causes artists. The "
-"question is one of balance. The law should seek that balance, and that "
-"balance will be found only with time."
+"like the piracy I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber"
+"\" linkend=\"pirates\"/>, much of this piracy is motivated by a new way of "
+"spreading content caused by changes in the technology of distribution. Thus, "
+"consistent with the tradition that gave us Hollywood, radio, the recording "
+"industry, and cable TV, the question we should be asking about file sharing "
+"is how best to preserve its benefits while minimizing (to the extent "
+"possible) the wrongful harm it causes artists. The question is one of "
+"balance. The law should seek that balance, and that balance will be found "
+"only with time."
msgstr ""
"for i motsetning til piratkopiering jeg beskrevet i den første delen av "
"dette kapitlet, er mye av \"piratkopiering\" det arkiv deler aktiverer "
"tross for. Hvis vi setter disse tilfellene sammen, et mønster er klart:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><table><title>
-msgid "Table"
-msgstr "Tabell"
+msgid "Pattern of Court and Congress response"
+msgstr "Mønster for respons fra rett og kongress"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
"loven, så skulle <citetitle>Rome og Julie</citetitle> ha falt i det fri i "
"1731. Hvordan kunne da Tonson fortsatt ha kontroll over verket i 1774?"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Licensing Act (1662)"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a \"copyright\" "
"law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as a way to make it easier "
"for the Crown to control what was published. But after it expired, there "
"was no positive law that said that the publishers, or \"Stationers,\" had an "
-"exclusive right to print books."
+"exclusive right to print books. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Årsaken var ganske enkelt at engelskmennene ikke hadde bestemt hva "
+"Årsaken var ganske enkelt at engelskmennene ennå ikke hadde bestemt hva "
"opphavsrett innebar -- faktisk hadde ingen i verden det. På den tiden da "
"engelskmennene vedtok \"Statute of Anne\", var det ingen annen lovgivning om "
"opphavsrett. Den siste loven som regulerte utgivere var lisensieringsloven "
"av 1662, utløpt i 1695. At loven ga utgiverne monopol over publiseringen, "
"noe som gjorde det enklere for kronen å kontrollere hva ble publisert. Men "
"etter at det har utløpt, var det ingen positiv lov som sa at utgiverne hadde "
-"en eksklusiv rett til å trykke bøker."
+"en eksklusiv rett til å trykke bøker. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
msgid ""
"This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
"leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah. Until "
-"then, as law professor Raymond Patterson has put it, \"The publishers . . . "
-"had as much concern for authors as a cattle rancher has for cattle."
+"then, as law professor Raymond Patterson has put it, \"The publishers "
+"… had as much concern for authors as a cattle rancher has for cattle."
"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The bookseller didn't care squat "
"for the rights of the author. His concern was the monopoly profit that the "
"author's work gave."
msgstr ""
"Dette var et godt argument, og hadde støtte fra flere av den tidens ledende "
"jurister. Det viste også en ekstraordinær chutzpah. Inntail da, som "
-"jusprofessor Raymond Pattetson har sagt, \"var utgiverne ... like bekymret "
-"for forfatterne som en gjeter for sine lam.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Bokselgerne brydde seg ikke det spor om forfatternes rettigheter. "
-"Deres bekymring var den monopolske inntekten forfatterens verk ga."
+"jusprofessor Raymond Pattetson har sagt, \"var utgiverne … like "
+"bekymret for forfatterne som en gjeter for sine lam.\"<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Bokselgerne brydde seg ikke det spor om forfatternes "
+"rettigheter. Deres bekymring var den monopolske inntekten forfatterens verk "
+"ga."
#. f7
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
-"By the above decision . . . near 200,000 pounds worth of what was honestly "
-"purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property is now "
-"reduced to nothing. The Booksellers of London and Westminster, many of whom "
-"sold estates and houses to purchase Copy-right, are in a manner ruined, and "
-"those who after many years industry thought they had acquired a competency "
-"to provide for their families now find themselves without a shilling to "
-"devise to their successors.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"By the above decision … near 200,000 pounds worth of what was "
+"honestly purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property "
+"is now reduced to nothing. The Booksellers of London and Westminster, many "
+"of whom sold estates and houses to purchase Copy-right, are in a manner "
+"ruined, and those who after many years industry thought they had acquired a "
+"competency to provide for their families now find themselves without a "
+"shilling to devise to their successors.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Gjennom denne avgjørelsen ... er verdier til nesten 200 000 pund, som er "
-"blitt ærlig kjøpt gjennom allment salg, og som i går var eiendom, er nå "
+"Gjennom denne avgjørelsen … er verdier til nesten 200 000 pund, som "
+"er blitt ærlig kjøpt gjennom allment salg, og som i går var eiendom, er nå "
"redusert til ingenting. Bokselgerne i London og Westminster, mange av dem "
"har solgt hus og eiendom for å kjøpe kopirettigheter, er med ett ruinerte, "
"og mange som gjennom mange år har opparbeidet kompetanse for å brødfø "
msgstr "Kapittel sju: Innspillerne"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jon Else is a filmmaker. He is best known for his documentaries and has been "
"very successful in spreading his art. He is also a teacher, and as a teacher "
"myself, I envy the loyalty and admiration that his students feel for him. (I "
"met, by accident, two of his students at a dinner party. He was their god.)"
msgstr ""
-"Jon annet er en filmskaper. Han er best kjent for sin dokumentarer og har "
-"vært svært vellykket i å spre sin kunst. Han er også en lærer, og som lærer "
-"meg selv, jeg misunner lojalitet og beundring at hans elever føler seg for "
-"ham. (jeg møtte, ved et uhell, to av hans studenter ved et middagsselskap. "
-"Han var deres Gud)."
+"Jon Else er en filmskaper. Han er mest kjent for sine dokumentarer og har på "
+"ypperlig vis klart å spre sin kunst. Han er også en lærer, som meg selv, og "
+"jeg misunner den lojaliteten og beundringen hans studenter har for ham. (Ved "
+"et uhell møtte jeg to av hans studenter i et middagsselskap og han var deres "
+"Gud.)"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Else worked on a documentary that I was involved in. At a break, he told me "
"a story about the freedom to create with film in America today."
msgstr ""
-"Ellers arbeidet på en dokumentar som jeg var involvert i. på en pause, han "
-"fortalte meg en historie om frihet å opprette med film i Amerika i dag."
+"Else arbeidet med en dokumentarfilm hvor også jeg var involvert. I en pause "
+"så fortalte han meg om hvordan det kunne være å skape film i dagens Amerika."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "San Francisco Opera"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "San Francisco Opera"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1990, Else was working on a documentary about Wagner's Ring Cycle. The "
"focus was stagehands at the San Francisco Opera. Stagehands are a "
"make a perfect contrast to the art on the stage. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"i 1990, ellers arbeidet på en dokumentar om wagner's ring syklus. fokus var "
-"stagehands ved san francisco opera. stagehands er et spesielt morsom og "
-"fargerike element i en opera. under fremvisningen henger de nedenfor scenen "
-"i fatt lounge og i loft belysning. de gjør en perfekt kontrast til kunst på "
-"scenen."
+"I 1990 arbeidet Else med en dokumentar om Wagners Ring Cycle. Fokuset var på "
+"*stagehands* på San Francisco Opera. Stagehands er spesielt morsomt og "
+"fargerikt innslag i en opera. I løpet av forestillingen oppholder de seg "
+"blant publikum og på lysloftet. De er en perfekt kontrast til kunsten på "
+"scenen.<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 107
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
+#| "checkers. In one corner of the room was a television set. Playing on the "
+#| "television set, while the stagehands played checkers and the opera "
+#| "company played Wagner, was The Simpsons. As Else judged it, this touch of "
+#| "cartoon helped capture the flavor of what was special about the scene."
msgid ""
"During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
"checkers. In one corner of the room was a television set. Playing on the "
"this touch of cartoon helped capture the flavor of what was special about "
"the scene."
msgstr ""
-"under en av forestillinger, var ellers skyting noen stagehands spille "
-"brikker. i et hjørne av rommet var en TV-apparatet. spille på TV-apparatet, "
-"mens stagehands spilte brikker og opera selskapet spilte wagner, var "
-"simpsons. som andre dømt det denne touch tegneserie hjalp fangst smaken av "
-"det som var spesielt med scenen."
+"Under en forestilling, filmet Else noen stagehands som spilte *checkers*. I "
+"et hjørne av rommet stod det et fjernsynsapparat. På fjernsynet, mens "
+"forestillingen pågikk og operakompaniet spilte Wagner, gikk The Simpsons. "
+"Slik Else så det, så hjalp dette tegnefilm-innslaget med å fange det "
+"spesielle med scenen."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
+#| "attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of The Simpsons. For "
+#| "of course, those few seconds are copyrighted; and of course, to use "
+#| "copyrighted material you need the permission of the copyright owner, "
+#| "unless \"fair use\" or some other privilege applies."
msgid ""
"Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
"attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
"of course, to use copyrighted material you need the permission of the "
"copyright owner, unless \"fair use\" or some other privilege applies."
msgstr ""
-"år senere, når han til slutt fikk finansiering for å fullføre filmen, ellers "
-"forsøkte å tømme rettighetene for de noen sekunder av simpsons. for "
-"selvfølgelig, er de få sekunder opphavsrettsbeskyttet; og selvfølgelig, hvis "
-"du vil bruke opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale du trenger tillatelse fra "
-"eieren av opphavsretten, med mindre \"fair use\" eller noen andre "
-"privilegium gjelder."
+"Så noen år senere, da han endelig hadde fått ordnet den siste "
+"finansieringen, ville Else skaffe rettigheter til å bruke disse få sekundene "
+"med The Simpson. For disse få sekundene var selvsagt beskyttet av "
+"opphavsretten, og for å bruke beskyttet materiale må man ha tillatelse fra "
+"eieren, dersom det ikke foreligger spesielle avtaler."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Gracie Films"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Gracie Films"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Else called Simpsons creator Matt Groening's office to get permission. "
+#| "Groening approved the shot. The shot was a four-and-a-halfsecond image on "
+#| "a tiny television set in the corner of the room. How could it hurt? "
+#| "Groening was happy to have it in the film, but he told Else to contact "
+#| "Gracie Films, the company that produces the program. <placeholder type="
+#| "\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Else called <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> creator Matt Groening's office "
"to get permission. Groening approved the shot. The shot was a four-and-a-"
"to contact Gracie Films, the company that produces the program. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"annet kalt simpsons skaperen matt groening's kontor for å få tillatelse. "
-"Groening godkjent skutt. skjøt var en fire og en halfsecond-bilde på en "
-"liten TV satt i hjørnet av rommet. Hvordan kan det vondt? Groening var glade "
-"for å ha det i filmen, men han fortalt annet for å kontakte gracie films, "
-"firmaet som lager programmet."
+"Else kontaktet Simpson-skaper Matt Groenings kontor for å få tillatelse. Og "
+"Groening gav ham det. Det var tross alt kun snakk om fire og et halvt sekund "
+"på et lite fjernsyn, bakerst i et hjørne av rommet. Hvordan kunne det skade? "
+"Groening var glad for å få ha det med i filmen, men han ba Else om å "
+"kontakte Gracie Films, firmaet som produserer programmet.<placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted to be "
"careful. So they told Else to contact Fox, Gracie's parent company. Else "
"just confirming the permission with Fox. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Gracie films var bra med den, også, men de, som groening, ønsket å være "
-"forsiktig. så de fortalte andre for å kontakte fox, gracie's morselskapet. "
-"annet kalt fox og fortalte dem om klippet i hjørnet av ett rom skutt av "
-"filmen. Matt groening hadde allerede gitt tillatelse, andre sier. Han var "
-"bare bekrefte tillatelsen med fox."
+"Gracie Films sa også at det var greit, men de, slik som Groening, ønsket å "
+"være forsiktige, og ba Else om å kontakte Fox, konsernet som eide Gracie. Og "
+"Else kontaktet Fox og forklarte situasjonen; at det var snakk om et klipp i "
+"hjørnet i bakgrunnen i ett rom i filmen. Matt Groening hadde allerede gitt "
+"sin tillatelse, sa Else. Han ville bare få det avklart med Fox.<placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"Then, as Else told me, \"two things happened. First we discovered . . . that "
-"Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation—or at least that someone "
-"[at Fox] believes he doesn't own his own creation.\" And second, Fox "
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Then, as Else told me, \"two things happened. First we discovered . . . "
+#| "that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation—or at least that "
+#| "someone [at Fox] believes he doesn't own his own creation.\" And second, "
+#| "Fox \"wanted ten thousand dollars as a licensing fee for us to use this "
+#| "four-point-five seconds of . . . entirely unsolicited Simpsons which was "
+#| "in the corner of the shot.\""
+msgid ""
+"Then, as Else told me, \"two things happened. First we discovered … "
+"that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation—or at least that "
+"someone [at Fox] believes he doesn't own his own creation.\" And second, Fox "
"\"wanted ten thousand dollars as a licensing fee for us to use this four-"
-"point-five seconds of . . . entirely unsolicited <citetitle>Simpsons</"
+"point-five seconds of … entirely unsolicited <citetitle>Simpsons</"
"citetitle> which was in the corner of the shot.\""
msgstr ""
-"deretter, som ellers fortalte meg, \"to ting har skjedd. første vi "
-"oppdaget... at matt groening ikke eier sin egen etablering— eller i "
-"det minste at noen [på fox] mener han ikke eier sin egen etableringen. \"og "
-"andre fox\"ville ti tusen dollar som en lisenskostnader avgift for oss å "
-"bruke denne fire-punkt-fem sekunder... helt uønsket simpsons som var i "
-"hjørnet av skutt.\""
+"Deretter, fortalte Else: \"skjedde to ting. Først oppdaget vi ... at Matt "
+"Groening ikke eide sitt eget verk - ihvertfall at noen [hos Fox] trodde at "
+"han ikke eide sitt eget verk.\" Som det andre krevde Fox \"ti tusen dollar i "
+"lisensavgift for disse fire og et halvt sekundene med ... fullstendig "
+"tilfeldig Simpson som var i et hjørne i ett opptak.\""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
+#| "thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera. He "
+#| "explained to her, \"There must be some mistake here. . . . We're asking "
+#| "for your educational rate on this.\" That was the educational rate, "
+#| "Herrera told Else. A day or so later, Else called again to confirm what "
+#| "he had been told."
msgid ""
"Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
"thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera. He explained "
-"to her, \"There must be some mistake here. . . . We're asking for your "
+"to her, \"There must be some mistake here. … We're asking for your "
"educational rate on this.\" That was the educational rate, Herrera told "
"Else. A day or so later, Else called again to confirm what he had been told."
msgstr ""
-"Ellers var sikker på at det var en feil. Han jobbet seg opp noen trodde han "
-"var vice president for lisensiering, rebecca herrera. Han forklarte henne, "
-"\"det må være noen feil her.... Vi ber om din pedagogisk rate på dette.\"det "
-"var pedagogisk ofte, herrera fortalte ellers. en dag eller så senere, ellers "
-"kalles på nytt for å bekrefte hva han hadde blitt fortalt."
+"Ellers var sikker på at det var en feil.Han fikk tak i noen som han trodde "
+"var nestleder for lisensiering, Rebecca Herrera. Han forklarte for henne at "
+"\"det må være en feil her ... Vi ber deg om en utdanningssats på dette.\" Og "
+"de hadde fått utdanningssats, fortalte Herrera. Kort tid etter ringte Else "
+"igjen for å få dette bekreftet."
#. PAGE BREAK 108
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "\"I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,\" he told me. \"Yes, you "
+#| "have your facts straight,\" she said. It would cost $10,000 to use the "
+#| "clip of The Simpsons in the corner of a shot in a documentary film about "
+#| "Wagner's Ring Cycle. And then, astonishingly, Herrera told Else, \"And if "
+#| "you quote me, I'll turn you over to our attorneys.\" As an assistant to "
+#| "Herrera told Else later on, \"They don't give a shit. They just want the "
+#| "money.\""
msgid ""
"\"I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,\" he told me. \"Yes, you "
"have your facts straight,\" she said. It would cost $10,000 to use the clip "
"an assistant to Herrera told Else later on, \"They don't give a shit. They "
"just want the money.\""
msgstr ""
-"\"jeg ønsket å sikre at jeg hadde min fakta rett,\" sa han til meg. \"Ja, du "
-"har din fakta rett,\" sa hun. det ville koste $ 10 000 for å bruke klippet "
-"av simpsons i hjørnet av et skudd i en dokumentarfilm om wagner's ring "
-"syklus. og deretter astonishingly, herrera fortalte annet \"og hvis du "
-"siterer meg, vil jeg slå deg til våre advokater.\" som assistent for herrera "
-"fortalte andre senere, \"de ikke gir faen. de vil bare penger.\""
+"\"Jeg måtte være sikker på at jeg hadde riktige opplysninger foran meg,\" sa "
+"han. \"Ja, du har riktige opplysninger,\" sa hun. Det ville koste $10 000 å "
+"bruke dette lille klippet av The Simpson, plassert bakerst i et hjørne i en "
+"scene i en dokumentar om Wagners Ring Cycle. Som om det ikke var nok, "
+"forbløffet Herrera Else med å si \"Og om du siterer med, vil du høre fra "
+"våre advokater.\" En av Herreras assistenter fortalte Else at \"De bryr seg "
+"ikke i det heletatt. Alt de vil ha er pengene.\""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Day After Trinity, The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
+#| "the television backstage at the San Francisco Opera. To reproduce this "
+#| "reality was beyond the documentary filmmaker's budget. At the very last "
+#| "minute before the film was to be released, Else digitally replaced the "
+#| "shot with a clip from another film that he had worked on, The Day After "
+#| "Trinity, from ten years before. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/"
+#| ">"
msgid ""
"Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
"the television backstage at the San Francisco Opera. To reproduce this "
"After Trinity</citetitle>, from ten years before. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"ellers har ikke penger til å kjøpe retten til å spille hva spilte på TV "
-"backstage ved san francisco opera. Hvis du vil gjenskape denne virkeligheten "
-"var utenfor den dokumentar filmskaper budsjett. i svært siste øyeblikk før "
-"filmen var å bli befridd, erstattet ellers digitalt skutt med et utklipp fra "
-"en annen film som han hadde jobbet på, dagen etter trinity, fra ti år før."
+"Men Else hadde ikke penger til å kjøpe lisens for klippet. Så å gjenskape "
+"denne delen av virkeligheten, lå langt utenfor hans budsjett. Like før "
+"dokumentaren skulle slippes, redigerte Else inn et annet klipp på "
+"fjernsynet, et klipp fra en av hans andre filmer \"The Dat After Trinity\" "
+"fra ti år før. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "
+#| "copyright to The Simpsons. That copyright is their property. To use that "
+#| "copyrighted material thus sometimes requires the permission of the "
+#| "copyright owner. If the use that Else wanted to make of the Simpsons "
+#| "copyright were one of the uses restricted by the law, then he would need "
+#| "to get the permission of the copyright owner before he could use the work "
+#| "in that way. And in a free market, it is the owner of the copyright who "
+#| "gets to set the price for any use that the law says the owner gets to "
+#| "control."
msgid ""
"There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "
"copyright to <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>. That copyright is their "
"market, it is the owner of the copyright who gets to set the price for any "
"use that the law says the owner gets to control."
msgstr ""
-"Det er ingen tvil om at noen om matt groening eller fox, eier opphavsretten "
-"til simpsons. at opphavsretten er deres eiendom. for å bruke at "
-"opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale således noen ganger krever tillatelse fra "
-"eieren av opphavsretten. Hvis Bruk som ellers ville være av simpsons "
-"opphavsrett var en av de bruker begrenset av loven, ville han trenger å få "
-"tillatelse fra eieren av opphavsretten før han kunne bruke arbeidet på den "
-"måten. og i et fritt marked, det er eieren av opphavsretten hvem som kan "
-"angi pris for bruk som loven sier eieren får kontroll."
+"Det er ingen tvil om at noen, enten det er er Matt Groening eller Fox, eier "
+"rettighetene til The Simspons. Rettighetene er deres eiendom. For å bruke "
+"beskyttet mteriale, kreves det ofte at men får tillatelse fra eieren eller "
+"eierne. Dersom Else ønsket å bruke The Simspons til noe hvor loven gir "
+"verket beskyttelse, så må han innhente tillatelse fra eieren før han kan "
+"bruke det. Og i et fritt markes er det eieren som bestemmer hvor mye han/hun "
+"vil ta for hvilken som helst bruk (hvor loven krever tillatelse fra eier)."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, \"public performance\" is a use of The Simpsons that the "
+#| "copyright owner gets to control. If you take a selection of favorite "
+#| "episodes, rent a movie theater, and charge for tickets to come see \"My "
+#| "Favorite Simpsons,\" then you need to get permission from the copyright "
+#| "owner. And the copyright owner (rightly, in my view) can charge whatever "
+#| "she wants—$10 or $1,000,000. That's her right, as set by the law."
msgid ""
"For example, \"public performance\" is a use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</"
"citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a selection "
"view) can charge whatever she wants—$10 or $1,000,000. That's her "
"right, as set by the law."
msgstr ""
-"\"offentlig fremføring\" er for eksempel en bruk av simpsons blir eieren av "
-"opphavsretten til kontrollen. Hvis du tar et utvalg av favoritt episoder, "
-"leie en kino, og betalt for billetter til å komme se \"min favoritt simpsons"
-"\", må du få tillatelse fra eieren av opphavsretten. og "
-"rettighetsinnehaveren (med rette, i min mening) kan lade hva hun "
-"ønsker—$ 10 eller $1,000,000. Det er hennes høyre, som er angitt av "
-"loven."
+"For eksempel \"offentlig visning\"* av The Simpson er en form for bruk hvor "
+"loven gir eieren kontroll. Dersom du velger ut dine favorittepisoder, leier "
+"en kinosal og selger billetter til \"Mine Simpson-favoritter\", så må du ha "
+"tillatelse fra rettighetsinnhaveren (eieren). Og eieren kan (med rette, slik "
+"jeg ser det) kreve hvor mye han vil; $10ellr $1 000 000. Det er hans rett "
+"ifølge loven."
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For an excellent argument that such use is \"fair use,\" but that lawyers "
+#| "don't permit recognition that it is \"fair use,\" see Richard A. Posner "
+#| "with William F. Patry, \"Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of "
+#| "Eldred \" (draft on file with author), University of Chicago Law School, "
+#| "5 August 2003."
msgid ""
"For an excellent argument that such use is \"fair use,\" but that lawyers "
"don't permit recognition that it is \"fair use,\" see Richard A. Posner with "
"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle>\" (draft on file with author), University of "
"Chicago Law School, 5 August 2003."
msgstr ""
-"Hvis et utmerket argument at slik bruk er \"rettferdig bruk\", men at "
-"jurister ikke tillater anerkjennelse som det er \"rettferdig bruk,\" se "
-"richard a. posner med william f. patry, \"rettferdig bruk og lovbestemte "
-"reform i kjølvannet av eldred\" (utkast på filen med forfatteren), "
-"university of chicago law school, 5 august 2003."
+"Ønsker du å lese en flott redegjørelse om hvordan dette er \"fair use\", og "
+"hvordan advokatene ikke anerkjenner det, så les Richard A. Posner med "
+"William F. Patry, \"Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of Eldred "
+"\" (draft on file with author), University of Chicago Law School, 5 August "
+"2003."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first "
+#| "thought is \"fair use.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's "
+#| "use of just 4.5 seconds of an indirect shot of a Simpsons episode is "
+#| "clearly a fair use of The Simpsons—and fair use does not require "
+#| "the permission of anyone."
msgid ""
"But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
"is \"fair use.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's use of just "
"is clearly a fair use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>—and fair "
"use does not require the permission of anyone."
msgstr ""
+"Men når jurister hører denne historien om Jon Else og Fox, så er deres "
+"første tanke \"fair use\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Elses "
+"bruk av 4,5 sekunder med et indirekte klipp av en Simpsons-episode er et "
+"klart eksempel på \"fair use\" - og \"fair use\" krever ingen tillatelse fra "
+"noen."
#. PAGE BREAK 109
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon \"fair use.\" Here's his reply:"
msgstr ""
-"så jeg spurte er hvorfor han ikke bare stole på \"rettferdig bruk.\" her "
-"annet hans svar:"
+"Så jeg spurte Else om hvorfor han ikke bare stolte på \"fair use\". Og her "
+"er hans svar:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The Simpsons fiasco was for me a great lesson in the gulf between what "
+#| "lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what is crushingly "
+#| "relevant in practice to those of us actually trying to make and broadcast "
+#| "documentaries. I never had any doubt that it was \"clearly fair use\" in "
+#| "an absolute legal sense. But I couldn't rely on the concept in any "
+#| "concrete way. Here's why:"
msgid ""
"The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
"gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what "
"fair use\" in an absolute legal sense. But I couldn't rely on the concept in "
"any concrete way. Here's why:"
msgstr ""
-"simpsons fiasco var for meg en fin leksjon i avgrunnen mellom hvilket "
-"advokater finne irrelevant i noen abstrakt forstand, og hva er crushingly "
-"relevant i praksis for de av oss faktisk prøver å gjøre og kringkaste "
-"dokumentarer. Jeg har aldri hatt noen tvil om at det var \"klart fair use\" "
-"i en absolutt juridisk forstand. men jeg kunne ikke stole på konseptet på "
-"noen konkret måte. Her er hvorfor:"
+"Simpsons-fiaskoen lærte meg om hvor stor avstand det var mellom det jurister "
+"finner urelevant på en abstrakt måte, og hva som er knusende relevant på en "
+"konkret måte for oss som prøver å lage og kringkaste dokumentarer. Jeg "
+"tvilte aldri på at dette helt klart var \"fair use\", men jeg kunne ikke "
+"stole på konseptet på noen konkret måte. Og dette er grunnen:"
#. 1.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
"and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed \"visual cue sheet"
"take a dim view of \"fair use,\" and a claim of \"fair use\" can grind the "
"application process to a halt."
msgstr ""
-"før vår filmer som kan sendes, krever nettverket at vi kjøper feil og "
-"utelatelser forsikring. operatører krever en detaljert \"visual cue ark\" "
-"liste over kilden og lisensiering status for hver skudd i filmen. de tar en "
-"dim visning av \"fair use\", og et krav om \"fair use\" kan slipe "
-"søknadsprosessen til å stoppe."
+"Før våre filmer kan kringkastes, krever nettverket at vi kjøper en \"Errors "
+"and Omissions\"-forsikring. Den krever en detailjert \"visual cue sheet\" "
+"med alle kilder og lisens-status på alle scener i filmen. De har et smalt "
+"syn på \"fair use\", og å påstå at noe er nettopp det kan forsinke, og i "
+"verste fall stoppe, prosessen."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Eastman, George"
msgid "Lucas, George"
-msgstr "Lucas, George"
+msgstr "Eastman, George"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But "
+#| "I knew (at least from folklore) that Fox had a history of tracking down "
+#| "and stopping unlicensed Simpsons usage, just as George Lucas had a very "
+#| "high profile litigating Star Wars usage. So I decided to play by the "
+#| "book, thinking that we would be granted free or cheap license to four "
+#| "seconds of Simpsons. As a documentary producer working to exhaustion on a "
+#| "shoestring, the last thing I wanted was to risk legal trouble, even "
+#| "nuisance legal trouble, and even to defend a principle."
msgid ""
"I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But I "
"knew (at least from folklore) that Fox had a history of tracking down and "
"I wanted was to risk legal trouble, even nuisance legal trouble, and even to "
"defend a principle. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Jeg skulle trolig aldri ha spurt matt groening i utgangspunktet. men jeg "
-"visste (minst fra folklore) at fox hadde en historie for å spore ned og "
-"stopper ulisensiert simpsons-bruk, akkurat som george lucas hadde en meget "
-"høy profil prosedere star wars-bruk. så jeg besluttet å spille av boken, "
-"tenker at vi ville bli gitt gratis eller Billige lisens til fire sekunder av "
-"simpsons. som en dokumentar produsent arbeider til utmattelse på en "
-"shoestring, var den siste tingen jeg ønsket å risikere juridiske problemer, "
-"selv ordensforstyrrelser juridiske problemer, og selv for å forsvare et "
-"prinsipp."
+"Jeg skulle nok aldri ha bedt om Matt Groenings tillatelse. Men jeg visste "
+"(ihvertfall fra rykter) at Fox tidligere hadde brukt å jakte på og stoppe "
+"ulisensiert bruk av The Simpsons, på samme måte som George Lucas var veldig "
+"ivrig på å forfølge bruken av Star Wars. Så jeg bestemte meg for å følge "
+"boka, og trodde /feilaktig) at vi kulle få til en gratis, i alle fall "
+"rimelig, avtale for fire sekunders bruk av The Simpsons. Som en "
+"dokumentarskaper, arbeidende på randen av utryddelse, var det siste jeg "
+"ønsket en juridisk strid, selv for å forsvare et prinsipp."
#. 3.
#. PAGE BREAK 110
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law "
-"School . . . who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law "
+#| "School . . . who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that "
+#| "Fox would \"depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life,\" "
+#| "regardless of the merits of my claim. He made clear that it would boil "
+#| "down to who had the bigger legal department and the deeper pockets, me or "
+#| "them."
+msgid ""
+"I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "
+"… who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
"would \"depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life,\" regardless "
"of the merits of my claim. He made clear that it would boil down to who had "
"the bigger legal department and the deeper pockets, me or them."
msgstr ""
-"Jeg gjorde, faktisk snakke med en av dine kolleger ved stanford law "
-"school... som bekreftet at det var rimelig bruk. han bekreftet også at fox "
-"ville \"avsette og litigate du innenfor en tomme av livet,\" uavhengig av "
-"fordelene ved mitt krav. Han gjorde det klart at det ville koker ned til "
-"hvem som hadde større juridiske avdelingen og dypere lommebøker, meg eller "
-"dem."
+"Jeg snakket faktisk med en av dine kolleger på Stanford Law School ... som "
+"bekreftet at dette var \"fair use\". Han bekreftet også at Fox ville "
+"\"depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life\", uavhengig av "
+"sannheten i mine krav. Han gjorde det klart at alt ville koke ned til hvem "
+"om hadde flest jurister og dypest lommer, de eller jeg."
#. 4.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
"are up against a release deadline and out of money."
msgstr ""
-"spørsmålet om rettferdig bruk kommer vanligvis på slutten av prosjektet, når "
-"vi er opp mot en release frist og tom for penger."
+"Spørsmålet om \"fair use\" dukker om regel opp helt mot slutten av "
+"prosjektet, når vi nærmer oss siste frist og er tomme for penger."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In theory, fair use means you need no permission. The theory therefore "
"supports free culture and insulates against a permission culture. But in "
"effective fair use for many types of creators is slight. The law has the "
"right aim; practice has defeated the aim."
msgstr ""
-"i teorien betyr fair use du trenger ingen tillatelse. teorien derfor støtter "
-"fri kultur og isolerer mot en tillatelse kultur. men i praksis, rettferdig "
-"bruk funksjonene veldig annerledes. krusete linjene av loven, knyttet til "
-"det ekstraordinære ansvaret Hvis linjer er krysset, betyr at effektiv "
-"rettferdig bruk for mange typer skaperne er liten. loven har høyre mål; "
-"praksis har beseiret målet."
+"I teorien betyr \"fair use\" at du ikke trenger tillatelse. Teorien støtter "
+"derfor den frie kultur og arbeider mot tillatelseskulturen. Men i praksis "
+"fungerer \"fair use\" helt annerledes. Men de uklare linjene i lovverket, "
+"samt de fryktelige konsekvensene dersom man tar feil, gjør at mange "
+"kunstnere ikke stoler på \"fair use\". Loven har en svært god hensikt, men "
+"praksisen har ikke fulgt opp."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This practice shows just how far the law has come from its eighteenth-"
"century roots. The law was born as a shield to protect publishers' profits "
"against the unfair competition of a pirate. It has matured into a sword that "
"interferes with any use, transformative or not."
msgstr ""
-"denne øvelsen viser bare hvor langt loven har kommet fra sine 1700-tallet "
-"røtter. loven ble født som et skjold for å beskytte utgivere fortjeneste mot "
-"urettferdig konkurranse av en pirat. Det har modnet til et sverd som "
-"forstyrrer bruke transformative eller ikke."
+"Dette eksempelet viser hvor langt denne loven har kommet fra sine "
+"syttenhundretalls røtter. Loven som skulle beskytte utgiverne mot "
+"urettferdig piratkonkurranse, hadde utviklet seg til et sverd som slo ned på "
+"_all_ bruk, transformativ* eller ikke."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER EIGHT: Transformers"
"and said, \"Oh, my gosh, a film, it's so many copyrights, there's the music, "
"there's the screenplay, there's the director, there's the actors.\" But we "
"just broke it down. We just put it into its constituent parts and said, "
-"\"Okay, there's this many actors, this many directors, . . . this many "
+"\"Okay, there's this many actors, this many directors, … this many "
"musicians,\" and we just went at it very systematically and cleared the "
"rights."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"For, as he acknowledged, \"very few . . . have the time and resources, and "
-"the will to do this,\" and thus, very few such works would ever be made. "
+"For, as he acknowledged, \"very few … have the time and resources, "
+"and the will to do this,\" and thus, very few such works would ever be made. "
"Does it make sense, I asked him, from the standpoint of what anybody really "
"thought they were ever giving rights for originally, that you would have to "
"go clear rights for these kinds of clips?"
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I don't think so. When an actor renders a performance in a movie, he or she "
-"gets paid very well. . . . And then when 30 seconds of that performance is "
-"used in a new product that is a retrospective of somebody's career, I don't "
-"think that that person . . . should be compensated for that."
+"gets paid very well. … And then when 30 seconds of that performance "
+"is used in a new product that is a retrospective of somebody's career, I "
+"don't think that that person … should be compensated for that."
msgstr ""
"jeg tror ikke det. Når en aktør gjengir en forestilling i en film, han eller "
"hun får svært godt betalt.... og deretter når 30 sekunder av denne "
"fictional television character? If you were a graduate student wanting to "
"study that, and you wanted to get those original back and forth exchanges "
"between the two, the <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> episode that came out "
-"after it . . . it would be almost impossible. . . . Those materials are "
-"almost unfindable. . . ."
+"after it … it would be almost impossible. … Those materials "
+"are almost unfindable. …"
msgstr ""
"husker du når dan quayle samhandlet med murphy brown? Husk at frem og "
"tilbake surrealistisk opplevelse av en politiker samarbeidsstil et fiktive "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It looks like there's about two to three million recordings of music. Ever. "
-"There are about a hundred thousand theatrical releases of movies, . . . and "
-"about one to two million movies [distributed] during the twentieth century. "
-"There are about twenty-six million different titles of books. All of these "
-"would fit on computers that would fit in this room and be able to be "
-"afforded by a small company. So we're at a turning point in our history. "
+"There are about a hundred thousand theatrical releases of movies, … "
+"and about one to two million movies [distributed] during the twentieth "
+"century. There are about twenty-six million different titles of books. All "
+"of these would fit on computers that would fit in this room and be able to "
+"be afforded by a small company. So we're at a turning point in our history. "
"Universal access is the goal. And the opportunity of leading a different "
-"life, based on this, is . . . thrilling. It could be one of the things "
+"life, based on this, is … thrilling. It could be one of the things "
"humankind would be most proud of. Up there with the Library of Alexandria, "
"putting a man on the moon, and the invention of the printing press."
msgstr ""
msgid "Universal Pictures"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><
para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><
section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Warner Brothers"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
"Fred Warshofsky, The Patent Wars (New York: Wiley, 1994), 170–71."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Gates, Bill"
msgstr "Gates, Bill"
"wary of the request. It is always a bad deal for the government to get into "
"the business of regulating speech markets. The risks and dangers of that "
"game are precisely why our framers created the First Amendment to our "
-"Constitution: \"Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of "
+"Constitution: \"Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of "
"speech.\" So when Congress is being asked to pass laws that would \"abridge"
"\" the freedom of speech, it should ask— carefully—whether such "
"regulation is justified."
#. f7
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See, for example, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-#| "Environmentalism for the Net?\" Duke Law Journal 47 (1997): 87."
msgid ""
"See, for example, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
"Environmentalism for the Net?\" <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
"(1997): 87."
msgstr ""
-"Se, for eksempel, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-"Environmentalism for the Net?\" Duke Law Journal 47 (1997): 87."
+"Se for eksempel James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
+"Environmentalism for the Net?\" <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
+"(1997): 87."
#. PAGE BREAK 141
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "
-"chapter 6, the English limited the term of copyright so as to assure that a "
-"few would not exercise disproportionate control over culture by exercising "
+"chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"founders\"/>, the "
+"English limited the term of copyright so as to assure that a few would not "
+"exercise disproportionate control over culture by exercising "
"disproportionate control over publishing. We can assume the framers followed "
"the English for a similar purpose. Indeed, unlike the English, the framers "
"reinforced that objective, by requiring that copyrights extend \"to Authors"
"endringer, så vel som ordrett opprinnelige arbeidet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" Legal Affairs, July/August "
-#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</"
-#| "ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
"citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
"cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" Legal Affairs, juli/august 2003, "
-"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</"
-"ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
+"citetitle>, julu/august 2003,tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
msgid "Casablanca"
msgstr "Casablanca"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Marx Brothers"
+msgstr ""
+
#. f19
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" Law and Contemporary "
-#| "Problems 44 (1981): 172–73."
msgid ""
"See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" <citetitle>Law and "
"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
msgstr ""
-"Se David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" Law and Contemporary "
-"Problems 44 (1981): 172–73."
+"Se David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" <citetitle>Law and "
+"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"ville ikke få humor av the marx brothers. Konsekvensen av dette er overhodet "
"ikke morsomt."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Adobe eBook Reader"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
msgstr "La oss se på livet til min Adobe eBook Reader."
"boken ti dager. til slutt, jeg har tillatelse til å bruke lese høyt knapp "
"for å høre middlemarch lest høyt gjennom datamaskinen."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Aristotle"
+msgstr "Aristoteles"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "<citetitle>Politics</citetitle>, (Aristotle)"
+msgstr "<citetitle>Politikk</citetitle>, (Aristotles)"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
-"translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."
+"translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Her er e-bok for et annet arbeid i den offentlige sfæren (inkludert "
-"oversettelse): Aristoteles politikk."
+"Her er e-boken for et annet allemannseid verk (inkludert oversettelsen): "
+"Aristoteles <citetitle>Politikk</citetitle> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s "Politics""
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "E-bok av Aristoteles "Politikk""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s "Politics"."
-msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for Aristotles "Politics"."
+msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for Aristotles "Politikk"."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
"hvis du gjør; i stedet, hvis du presse lese høyt knappen med min bok, "
"maskinen bare vil ikke lese høyt."
-#. PAGE BREAK 163
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
"where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
-"to type \"Warner Brothers,\" erased \"Brothers\" from the sentence."
+"to type \"Warner Brothers,\" erased \"Brothers\" from the sentence. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Dette er kontroller, ikke tillatelser. Forestill deg en verden der marx "
"brødrene solgte tekstbehandling programvare som, da du prøvde å skrive inn "
"Vi har bare riper i overflaten av denne historien. gå tilbake til adobe eBok-"
"leser."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll)"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "
"Adobe site was a copy of <citetitle>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</"
"citetitle>. This wonderful book is in the public domain. Yet when you "
-"clicked on Permissions for that book, you got the following report:"
+"clicked on Permissions for that book, you got the following report: "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"tidlig i livet av adobe eBok reader LED adobe et PR mareritt. Blant bøkene "
"som du kan laste ned gratis på adobe siden var en kopi av alice's adventures "
"selv krenker andres opphavsrett, hans akademiske papir var aktivere andre "
"til å krenke andres opphavsrett."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Conrad, Paul"
+msgstr "Conrad, Paul"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"consumers to copy films without the permission of the copyright owner. No "
"doubt there were uses of the technology that were legal: Fred Rogers, aka "
"\"<citetitle>Mr. Rogers</citetitle>,\" for example, had testified in that "
-"case that he wanted people to feel free to tape Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood."
+"case that he wanted people to feel free to tape Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"bizarreness av disse argumentene er fanget i en tegneserie tegnet i 1981 av "
"paul conrad. på den tiden, en domstol i california hadde holdt at "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA."
+"This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Dette førte conrad å trekke tegneserie nedenfor, som vi kan vedta å dmca."
"technologies) are illegal. Flash: <emphasis>No one ever died from copyright "
"circumvention</emphasis>. Yet the law bans circumvention technologies "
"absolutely, despite the potential that they might do some good, but permits "
-"guns, despite the obvious and tragic harm they do."
+"guns, despite the obvious and tragic harm they do. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"den åpenbare punkt conrad's tegneserie er weirdness av en verden der guns er "
"juridisk, til tross for skade som de kan gjøre, mens videospillere (og "
"artikkel om rupert murdoch,"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" Atlantic Monthly (September 2003): "
-#| "89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
"citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" Atlantic Monthly (september 2003): "
-"89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
+"
citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "
-"integration. They supply content—Fox movies . . . Fox TV shows . . . "
-"Fox-controlled sports broadcasts, plus newspapers and books. They sell the "
-"content to the public and to advertisers—in newspapers, on the "
-"broadcast network, on the cable channels. And they operate the physical "
+"integration. They supply content—Fox movies … Fox TV shows "
+"… Fox-controlled sports broadcasts, plus newspapers and books. They "
+"sell the content to the public and to advertisers—in newspapers, on "
+"the broadcast network, on the cable channels. And they operate the physical "
"distribution system through which the content reaches the customers. "
"Murdoch's satellite systems now distribute News Corp. content in Europe and "
"Asia; if Murdoch becomes DirecTV's largest single owner, that system will "
#. PAGE BREAK 175
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
"distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
"content?"
msgstr ""
-"har denne konsentrasjonen saken? vil det påvirke hva er gjort, eller hva er "
-"distribuert? eller er det bare en mer effektiv måte å produsere og "
+"Betyr denne konsentrasjonen noe? Påvirker det hva som blir laget, eller hva "
+"som blir distribuert? Eller er det bare en mer effektiv måte å produsere og "
"distribuere innhold?"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
"more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "
"listening to a barrage of creators try to convince me to the contrary, I am "
"beginning to change my mind."
msgstr ""
-"Jeg var at konsentrasjon ikke ville saken. Jeg trodde det var ingenting mer "
-"enn en mer effektive økonomiske strukturen. men nå, etter at lese og lytte "
-"til en barrage av skaperne prøver å overbevise meg om det motsatte, jeg "
-"begynner å endre meg sinn."
+"Mitt syn var at konsentrasjonen ikke betød noe. Jeg tenkte det ikke var noe "
+"mer enn en mer effektiv finansiell struktur. Men nå, etter å ha lest og "
+"hørt på en haug av skapere prøve å overbevise meg om det motsatte, har jeg "
+"begynt å endre mening."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
"may matter."
msgstr ""
-"Her er en representant historie som begynner å foreslå hvordan denne "
-"integreringen kan saken."
+"Her er en representativ historie som kan foreslå hvorfor denne integreringen "
+"er viktig."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Lear, Norman"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for <citetitle>All in the Family</"
"citetitle>. He took the pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It was too "
"than the first. ABC was exasperated. You're missing the point, they told "
"Lear. We wanted less edgy, not more."
msgstr ""
-"i 1969, norman lear opprettet en pilot for alle i familien. Han tok piloten "
-"til abc. nettverket liker ikke det. Det var også irritabel, fortalte de "
-"lear. gjøre det igjen. Lear gjort en andre pilot, mer irritabel enn først. "
-"ABC var exasperated. du mangler punktet, fortalte de lear. Vi ønsket mindre "
-"irritabel, ikke mer."
+"I 1969 laget Norman Lear en polit for <citetitle>All in the Family</"
+"citetitle>. Han tok piloten til ABC, og nettverket likte det ikke. Da sa "
+"til Lear at det var for på kanten. Gjør det om igjen. Lear lagde piloten på "
+"nytt, mer på kanten enn den første. ABC ble fra seg. Du får ikke med deg "
+"poenget, fortalte de Lear. Vi vil ha det mindre på kanten, ikke mer."
#. f29
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
"Lear held assured an independence from network control.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"I stedet for å føye seg, to Lear ganske enkelt serien sin til noen andre. "
+"CBS var glad for å ha seriene, og ABC kunne ikke stoppe Lear fra å gå til "
+"andre. Opphavsretten som Lear hadde sikret uavhengighet fra nettverk-"
+"kontroll.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 176
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#. f32
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See, for example, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 "
-#| "April 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #76</ulink>."
msgid ""
"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" <citetitle>Now with Bill "
"Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript available "
"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"For eksempel, se, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
-"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#76</ulink>."
+"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" <citetitle>Now with Bill "
+"Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, redigert avskrift "
+"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</"
+"ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
msgid "Marijuana Policy Project"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "NBC"
+msgstr "NBC"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "WJOA"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "WJOA"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "WRC"
+msgstr "WRC"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #32</ulink>. The ground was that the criticism was "
"\"too controversial.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"2\"/>"
+"id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"5\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"Fjern tilordning av endringene som har gjennomgått en lov om opphavsrett. i "
"1790, loven så ut som dette:"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><table><title>
+msgid "Law status in 1790"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "PUBLISH"
msgstr "Publiser"
msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
msgstr "ved slutten av det nittende århundre, hadde loven endres til dette:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><table><title>
+msgid "Law status at the end of ninetheenth centory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law—if published, "
"kunne som fotokopiering maskiner ble mer vanlig, vi si loven begynte å se "
"slik ut:"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><table><title>
+msgid "Law status in 1975"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "COPY"
msgstr "Kopier"
"gratis. men konsekvensen av fremveksten av digitale teknologier, spesielt i "
"sammenheng med en digital network, betyr at loven nå ser slik ut:"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><table><title>
+msgid "Law status now"
+msgstr ""
+
#. PAGE BREAK 183
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
"also have no doubt that it does more harm than good when regulating (as it "
"regulates just now) noncommercial copying and, especially, noncommercial "
"transformation. And increasingly, for the reasons sketched especially in "
-"chapters 7 and 8, one might well wonder whether it does more harm than good "
-"for commercial transformation. More commercial transformative work would be "
-"created if derivative rights were more sharply restricted."
+"chapters <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/> and "
+"<xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"transformers\"/>, one "
+"might well wonder whether it does more harm than good for commercial "
+"transformation. More commercial transformative work would be created if "
+"derivative rights were more sharply restricted."
msgstr ""
"Jeg har ingen tvil om at den gjør bra i regulerer kommersielle kopiering. "
"men jeg har ingen tvil om at det gjør mer skade enn bra når regulerer (som "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"What affects it?\" the father asks. \"Those queer things that are called "
-"the eyes . . . are diseased . . . in such a way as to affect his brain.\""
+"the eyes … are diseased … in such a way as to affect his brain."
+"\""
msgstr ""
"\"hva påvirker det?\" spør Faderen. \"de skeiv ting som kalles øynene... er "
"sykelig... på en måte som påvirker hans hjernen.\""
"The DNA in the blood, for example, might be different from the DNA of the "
"skin. This possibility is an underused plot for murder mysteries. \"But the "
"DNA shows with 100 percent certainty that she was not the person whose blood "
-"was at the scene. . . .\""
+"was at the scene. …\""
msgstr ""
"\"thank heaven for science!\", sier faren til legen. de informere nunez av "
"denne tilstanden som er nødvendig for ham å være tillatt hans brud. (du må "
"for å begynne å tenke på hvordan vi skal reagere på denne chimera. hvilke "
"regler bør styre det?"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Conyers, John, Jr."
+msgstr "Conyers, John, Jr."
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Berman, Howard L."
msgstr "Berman, Howard L."
"sharer identities, see James Collins, \"RIAA Steps Up Bid to Force BC, MIT "
"to Name Students,\" <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 8 August 2003, D3, "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #36</ulink>. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4 "
-#| "November 2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #8</ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22 November 2000, available at <ulink "
-#| "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
msgid ""
"See Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" <citetitle>Wired</"
"citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For an overview of the exhibition, see <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4. november "
-"2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #8</"
-"ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
+"Se Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" <citetitle>Wired</"
+"citetitle>, 7. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"cc/notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For en oversikt over utstillingen, se <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "
-"law. I described that change in detail in chapter 10. But an even bigger "
-"part has to do with the increasing ease with which infractions can be "
-"tracked. As users of file-sharing systems discovered in 2002, it is a "
-"trivial matter for copyright owners to get courts to order Internet service "
-"providers to reveal who has what content. It is as if your cassette tape "
-"player transmitted a list of the songs that you played in the privacy of "
-"your own home that anyone could tune into for whatever reason they chose."
+"law. I described that change in detail in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
+"labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>. But an even bigger part has to do "
+"with the increasing ease with which infractions can be tracked. As users of "
+"file-sharing systems discovered in 2002, it is a trivial matter for "
+"copyright owners to get courts to order Internet service providers to reveal "
+"who has what content. It is as if your cassette tape player transmitted a "
+"list of the songs that you played in the privacy of your own home that "
+"anyone could tune into for whatever reason they chose."
msgstr ""
"en del av årsaken til denne frykten for illegality har å gjøre med endring "
"loven. jeg beskrevet den endringen i detalj i kapittel 10. men en enda "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "
-"in chapter 7, in response to the story about documentary filmmaker Jon Else, "
-"I have been lectured again and again by lawyers who insist Else's use was "
-"fair use, and hence I am wrong to say that the law regulates such a use."
+"in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/>, "
+"in response to the story about documentary filmmaker Jon Else, I have been "
+"lectured again and again by lawyers who insist Else's use was fair use, and "
+"hence I am wrong to say that the law regulates such a use."
msgstr ""
"advokater se sjelden dette fordi advokater er sjelden empirisk. som jeg "
"beskrevet i kapittel 7, som svar på historien om dokumentar filmskaper jon "
"We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
"being forced not to express themselves. Thoughts are not being expressed. "
"And while a lot of stuff may [still] be created, it still won't get "
-"distributed. Even if the stuff gets made . . . you're not going to get it "
+"distributed. Even if the stuff gets made … you're not going to get it "
"distributed in the mainstream media unless you've got a little note from a "
"lawyer saying, \"This has been cleared.\" You're not even going to get it on "
"PBS without that kind of permission. That's the point at which they control "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "
-"that I described in chapter 10. The consequence of this massive threat of "
-"liability tied to the murky boundaries of copyright law is that innovators "
-"who want to innovate in this space can safely innovate only if they have the "
-"sign-off from last generation's dominant industries. That lesson has been "
-"taught through a series of cases that were designed and executed to teach "
-"venture capitalists a lesson. That lesson—what former Napster CEO Hank "
-"Barry calls a \"nuclear pall\" that has fallen over the Valley—has "
-"been learned."
+"that I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"property-i\"/>. The consequence of this massive threat of liability tied "
+"to the murky boundaries of copyright law is that innovators who want to "
+"innovate in this space can safely innovate only if they have the sign-off "
+"from last generation's dominant industries. That lesson has been taught "
+"through a series of cases that were designed and executed to teach venture "
+"capitalists a lesson. That lesson—what former Napster CEO Hank Barry "
+"calls a \"nuclear pall\" that has fallen over the Valley—has been "
+"learned."
msgstr ""
"Dette er single mest dramatiske effekten av skiftet i regulatoriske strategi "
"som jeg beskrevet i kapittel 10. konsekvens av denne massiv trussel av "
msgstr "Needleman, Rafe"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" Business 2.0, 16 June "
-#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #43</"
-#| "ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this example. "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
"citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #43</ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this "
"example. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" Business 2.0, 16. juni 2003, "
-"tilgjengelig via <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #43</"
-"ulink>. Jeg er Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli takknemlig mot for dette eksemplet. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
+"citetitle>, 16. juni 2003, tilgjengelig via <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"cc/notes/\">link #43</ulink>. Jeg er Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli takknemlig mot "
+"
for dette eksemplet. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"had rigged a new vehicle to play MP3s via the car's built-in sound system, "
"but that the company's marketing and legal departments weren't comfortable "
"with pushing this forward for release stateside. Even today, no new cars are "
-"sold in the United States with bona fide MP3 players.
. . . <placeholder "
+"sold in the United States with bona fide MP3 players.
… <placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"gjøres riktig, det fordeler skaperne og skader leeches. Når gjort galt, det "
"er regulering kraftig bruk å beseire konkurrenter."
-#. f9.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
-"Prometheus Books, 2001)."
+"Prometheus Books, 2001). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jessica litman, digitale copyright (amherst, n.y.: prometheus bøker, 2001)."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"As I described in chapter 10, despite this feature of copyright as "
-"regulation, and subject to important qualifications outlined by Jessica "
-"Litman in her book <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle>,<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> overall this history of copyright is not bad. "
-"As chapter 10 details, when new technologies have come along, Congress has "
-"struck a balance to assure that the new is protected from the old. "
-"Compulsory, or statutory, licenses have been one part of that strategy. Free "
-"use (as in the case of the VCR) has been another."
+"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"property-i\"/>, despite this feature of copyright as regulation, and "
+"subject to important qualifications outlined by Jessica Litman in her book "
+"<citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle>,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> overall this history of copyright is not bad. As chapter 10 details, "
+"when new technologies have come along, Congress has struck a balance to "
+"assure that the new is protected from the old. Compulsory, or statutory, "
+"licenses have been one part of that strategy. Free use (as in the case of "
+"the VCR) has been another."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"As I described in chapter 4, when a radio station plays a song, the "
-"recording artist doesn't get paid for that \"radio performance\" unless he "
-"or she is also the composer. So, for example if Marilyn Monroe had recorded "
-"a version of \"Happy Birthday\"—to memorialize her famous performance "
-"before President Kennedy at Madison Square Garden— then whenever that "
+"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"pirates\"/>, when a radio station plays a song, the recording artist "
+"doesn't get paid for that \"radio performance\" unless he or she is also the "
+"composer. So, for example if Marilyn Monroe had recorded a version of "
+"\"Happy Birthday\"—to memorialize her famous performance before "
+"President Kennedy at Madison Square Garden— then whenever that "
"recording was played on the radio, the current copyright owners of \"Happy "
"Birthday\" would get some money, whereas Marilyn Monroe would not."
msgstr ""
"thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
"longwaves. If FM were freely developed, the number of stations would be "
"limited only by economics and competition rather than by technical "
-"restrictions. . . . Armstrong likened the situation that had grown up in "
+"restrictions. … Armstrong likened the situation that had grown up in "
"radio to that following the invention of the printing press, when "
"governments and ruling interests attempted to control this new instrument of "
"mass communications by imposing restrictive licenses on it. This tyranny was "
"about what they thought a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller, and "
"it was much higher. It was ten times higher than what radio stations pay to "
"perform the same songs for the same period of time. And so the attorneys "
-"representing the webcasters asked the RIAA, . . . \"How do you come up with "
-"a rate that's so much higher? Why is it worth more than radio? Because here "
-"we have hundreds of thousands of webcasters who want to pay, and that should "
-"establish the market rate, and if you set the rate so high, you're going to "
-"drive the small webcasters out of business. . . .\""
+"representing the webcasters asked the RIAA, … \"How do you come up "
+"with a rate that's so much higher? Why is it worth more than radio? Because "
+"here we have hundreds of thousands of webcasters who want to pay, and that "
+"should establish the market rate, and if you set the rate so high, you're "
+"going to drive the small webcasters out of business. …\""
msgstr ""
"riaa, som var som representerer plateselskapene, presentert noen vitnesbyrd "
"om hva de tenkte en villig kjøper betaler til en villig selger, og det var "
"journal av økonomiske litteratur 36 (1998): 818 (undersøkelse av samsvar "
"litteratur)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "alcohol prohibition"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
"that a majority of cash businesses regularly cheat.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> We pride ourselves on our \"free society,\" but an "
"endless array of ordinary behavior is regulated within our society. And as a "
-"result, a huge proportion of Americans regularly violate at least some law."
+"result, a huge proportion of Americans regularly violate at least some law. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "
-"one degree or another. . . . If you're a copyright infringer, how can you "
+"one degree or another. … If you're a copyright infringer, how can you "
"hope to have any privacy rights? If you're a copyright infringer, how can "
"you hope to be secure against seizures of your computer? How can you hope to "
-"continue to receive Internet access? . . . Our sensibilities change as soon "
-"as we think, \"Oh, well, but that person's a criminal, a lawbreaker.\" Well, "
-"what this campaign against file sharing has done is turn a remarkable "
+"continue to receive Internet access? … Our sensibilities change as "
+"soon as we think, \"Oh, well, but that person's a criminal, a lawbreaker.\" "
+"Well, what this campaign against file sharing has done is turn a remarkable "
"percentage of the American Internet-using population into \"lawbreakers.\""
msgstr ""
"så plutselig en rekke grunnleggende frihet for sivil beskyttelse fordampe "
"[but] many have noted that the war against drugs has eroded all of our civil "
"liberties because it's treated so many Americans as criminals. Well, I think "
"it's fair to say that file sharing is an order of magnitude larger number of "
-"Americans than drug use. . . . If forty to sixty million Americans have "
+"Americans than drug use. … If forty to sixty million Americans have "
"become lawbreakers, then we're really on a slippery slope to lose a lot of "
"civil liberties for all forty to sixty million of them."
msgstr ""
"As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "
"of poems <citetitle>New Hampshire</citetitle> was slated to pass into the "
"public domain. Eldred wanted to post that collection in his free public "
-"library. But Congress got in the way. As I described in chapter 10, in "
-"1998, for the eleventh time in forty years, Congress extended the terms of "
-"existing copyrights—this time by twenty years. Eldred would not be "
-"free to add any works more recent than 1923 to his collection until 2019. "
-"Indeed, no copyrighted work would pass into the public domain until that "
-"year (and not even then, if Congress extends the term again). By contrast, "
-"in the same period, more than 1 million patents will pass into the public "
-"domain."
+"library. But Congress got in the way. As I described in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, in 1998, for the "
+"eleventh time in forty years, Congress extended the terms of existing "
+"copyrights—this time by twenty years. Eldred would not be free to add "
+"any works more recent than 1923 to his collection until 2019. Indeed, no "
+"copyrighted work would pass into the public domain until that year (and not "
+"even then, if Congress extends the term again). By contrast, in the same "
+"period, more than 1 million patents will pass into the public domain."
msgstr ""
"som jeg sa, bor eldred i new hampshire. i 1998, var robert frost samling av "
"dikt i new hampshire slated skjedde i public domain. Eldred ønsket å legge "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science . . . by securing "
-"for limited Times to Authors . . . exclusive Right to their . . . "
-"Writings. . . ."
+"Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science … by "
+"securing for limited Times to Authors … exclusive Right to their "
+"… Writings. …"
msgstr ""
"Kongressen har makt til å fremme utviklingen av vitenskap... ved å sikre for "
"begrenset ganger til forfattere... eksklusive rett til deres... skrifter...."
"to Congress simply says Congress has the power to do something—for "
"example, to regulate \"commerce among the several states\" or \"declare War."
"\" But here, the \"something\" is something quite specific—to "
-"\"promote . . . Progress\"—through means that are also specific— "
-"by \"securing\" \"exclusive Rights\" (i.e., copyrights) \"for limited Times."
-"\""
+"\"promote … Progress\"—through means that are also "
+"specific— by \"securing\" \"exclusive Rights\" (i.e., copyrights) "
+"\"for limited Times.\""
msgstr ""
"som jeg har beskrevet, denne bestemmelsen er unikt innenfor strøm-granting-"
"setningsdel i artikkelen i, Seksjon 8 av vår grunnlov. hver andre "
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
-#| "Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
-#| "Chicago Tribune, 17 October 1998, 22."
msgid ""
"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17 October 1998, 22."
msgstr ""
"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
-"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" Chicago "
-"Tribune, 17. oktober 1998, 22."
+"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
+"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17. oktober 1998, 22."
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#. f5.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
-#| "Congressional Quarterly This Week, 8 August 1990, available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" Congressional "
-"Quarterly This Week, 8. august 1990, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
+"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
+"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8. august 1990, "
+"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</"
+"ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"\">link #51</ulink>."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Nashville Songwriters Association"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
"id=\"0\"/> But it is not piracy when the law allows it; and in our "
"constitutional system, our law requires it. Some may not like the "
"Constitution's requirements, but that doesn't make the Constitution a "
-"pirate's charter."
+"pirate's charter. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"Amendment scholars. There was an exhaustive and uncontroverted brief by the "
"world's experts in the history of the Progress Clause. And of course, there "
"was a new brief by Eagle Forum, repeating and strengthening its arguments. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "American Association of Law Libraries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "National Writers Union"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
"there were a number of powerful briefs by libraries and archives, including "
"the Internet Archive, the American Association of Law Libraries, and the "
-"National Writers Union."
+"National Writers Union. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"disse truser innrammet et juridisk argument. deretter for å støtte "
"argumentet juridiske, var det en rekke kraftige truser av biblioteker og "
msgid ""
"The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
"images—of Mickey in jail and the like. The best, from my view of the "
-"case, was Ruben Bolling's, reproduced on the next page. The \"powerful and "
-"wealthy\" line is a bit unfair. But the punch in the face felt exactly like "
-"that. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"case, was Ruben Bolling's, reproduced on the next page (<xref linkend="
+"\"fig-18\"/>). The \"powerful and wealthy\" line is a bit unfair. But the "
+"punch in the face felt exactly like that. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"de beste svarene var i tegneserier. Det var en gaggle av morsom bilder—"
"av mickey i fengsel og lignende. best, fra min mening i saken, var ruben "
"bolling, gjengis på neste side. linjen \"kraftige og velstående\" er en "
"smule urettferdig. Men slag i ansiktet følte akkurat sånn."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
+msgid "Tom the Dancing Bug cartoon"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
+msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/18.png\"></graphic>"
+msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/18.png\"></graphic>"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"As I described in chapter 10, formalities in copyright law were removed in "
-"1976, when Congress followed the Europeans by abandoning any formal "
-"requirement before a copyright is granted.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/> The Europeans are said to view copyright as a \"natural right.\" "
-"Natural rights don't need forms to exist. Traditions, like the Anglo-"
-"American tradition that required copyright owners to follow form if their "
-"rights were to be protected, did not, the Europeans thought, properly "
-"respect the dignity of the author. My right as a creator turns on my "
-"creativity, not upon the special favor of the government."
+"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"property-i\"/>, formalities in copyright law were removed in 1976, when "
+"Congress followed the Europeans by abandoning any formal requirement before "
+"a copyright is granted.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The "
+"Europeans are said to view copyright as a \"natural right.\" Natural rights "
+"don't need forms to exist. Traditions, like the Anglo-American tradition "
+"that required copyright owners to follow form if their rights were to be "
+"protected, did not, the Europeans thought, properly respect the dignity of "
+"the author. My right as a creator turns on my creativity, not upon the "
+"special favor of the government."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"eieren og få tillatelse til å bygge på hans arbeid. fremtiden vil bli "
"kontrollert av denne døde (og ofte unfindable) hånden av fortiden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "CONCLUSION"
msgstr "Konklusjon"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"There are more than 35 million people with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-"
"five million of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. Seventeen million have "
"proporsjonalt med syv millioner amerikanere. Viktigere er det at dette er "
"17 millioner afrikanere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression. "
"These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "
"usynlig."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, \"Final Report: Integrating "
"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy\" (London, 2002), "
"juli 2002, mottar kun 320 000 av de 6 millioner som trenger medisiner i "
"utviklingsland dem de trenger—og halvparten av dem er i Brasil."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
"States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "
"\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 265
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
"expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by patents. "
"hente ut så mye de kan fra markedet. Ved hjelp av denne makten holder de "
"prisene høye."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
"not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "
"som vil argumentere for at loven skal avskaffe dette, i det minste uten "
"andre endringer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
"thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "
"se etter måter å importere HIV-medisiner til kostnader betydelig under "
"markedspris."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Braithwaite, John"
msgstr "Braithwaite, John"
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns "
-#| "the Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: "
-"<citetitle>Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New "
-"Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism: "
+"Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
+"37. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Peter Drahos og John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns the "
-"Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Se Peter Drahos og John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: <citetitle>Who "
+"Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
+"37. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"1\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
"importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
msgstr ""
#. f4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
msgstr ""
"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, en "
-"rapport forberedt for the World Intellectual Property Organization</citetitle> "
-"(Washington, D.C., 2000), 15."
+"rapport forberedt for the World Intellectual Property Organization</"
+"citetitle> (Washington, D.C., 2000), 15."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
"opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
-"characterized it, \"The U.S. government pressured South Africa . . . not to "
-"permit compulsory licensing or parallel imports.\"<placeholder type="
+"characterized it, \"The U.S. government pressured South Africa … not "
+"
to permit compulsory licensing or parallel imports.\"<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Through the Office of the United States Trade "
"Representative, the government asked South Africa to change the law—"
"and to add pressure to that request, in 1998, the USTR listed South Africa "
msgstr ""
"Men USA var imot lovendringen. Og de nøyde seg ikke med å være imot. Som "
"International Intellectual Property Association karakteriserte det, "
-"\"Myndighetene i USA presset Sør-Afrika . . . til å ikke tillate tvungen "
+"\"Myndighetene i USA presset Sør-Afrika … til å ikke tillate tvungen "
"lisensiering eller parallellimport\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
"> Gjennom kontoret til USAs handelsrepresentant (USTR), ba myndighetene Sør-"
"Afrika om å endre loven—og for å legge press bak den forespørselen, "
"effekt på behandlingen av AIDS i Sør-Afrika.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"1\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"We should place the intervention by the United States in context. No doubt "
"patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "
"prisen. Så uansett, massiv eller marginal, så var det en effekt av våre "
"myndigheters intervensjon for å stoppe flyten av medisiner inn til Afrika."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
"government was not saving drugs for United States citizens. This is not "
"i Afrika og gjøre disse kjemikaliene om til medisiner som kan redde 15 til "
"30 millioner liv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
"of United States drug companies—at least, not substantially. It was "
#. f5.
#. PAGE BREAK 333
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Sabin Russell, \"New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's Needs at "
"Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,\" <citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</"
"<citetitle>Widener Law Symposium Journal</citetitle> (Spring 2001): 175."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
"which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
"\"intellektuell eiendom\" som fikk disse myndighetsaktørene til å "
"intervenere mot Sør-Afrikas mottiltak mot AIDS."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
"when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
"mange døde? Hva slags galskap er det egentlig som tillater at så mange dør "
"for slik en abstraksjon?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations. Their "
"managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation. They push a "
"penger på grunn av en slags korrupsjon i vårt politiske system— en "
"korrupsjon som farmasiselskapene helt klart ikke er ansvarlige for."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
"companies would love—they say, and I believe them—to sell their "
"overvunnet."
#. PAGE BREAK 268
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
"grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
"rasjonelle strategien rammes dermed inn ved hjel av dette ideal—"
"helligheten til en idé som kalles \"immaterielle rettigheter\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
"When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "
"sunne fornuften hos en generasjon endelig gjør opprør mot hva vi har gjort, "
"hvordan vil vi rettferdiggjøre det? Hva er argumentet?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
"system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same way. "
"patentpolitikken i denne forstand vært balansert."
#. PAGE BREAK 269
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
"critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism. "
"som vil gjenvinne retten til å dyrke vår kultur er å finne en måte å få "
"denne sunne fornuften til å åpne sine øyne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
"see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
"for fri kultur."
#. f6.
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" Washington Post, "
-#| "August 2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on `Open Source' "
-#| "Meeting Spurs Stir,\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August "
-#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</"
-#| "ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,"
-#| "\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August 2003, available at "
-#| "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" <citetitle>Washington "
"Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" Washington Post, august "
-"2003, E1, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on `Open Source' Meeting "
-"Spurs Stir,\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19. august 2003, "
-"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</"
-"ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" "
-"National Journal's Technology Daily, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
+"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" <citetitle>Washington "
+"Post</citetitle>, august 2003, E1, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on "
+"`Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir,\" <citetitle>National Journal's Technology "
+"Daily</citetitle>, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
+"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official "
+"Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" <citetitle>National Journal's "
+"Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "academic journals"
+msgstr "akademiske tidsskrifter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In August 2003, a fight broke out in the United States about a decision by "
"the World Intellectual Property Organization to cancel a meeting."
"Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, "
"Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included the Global Positioning System, "
"which Ronald Reagan set free in the early 1980s. And it included \"open "
-"source and free software.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"source and free software.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
"I august 2003 brøt en kamp ut i USA om en avgjørelse fra World Intellectual "
"Property Organiation om å avlyse et møte.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, og "
"Searle.) Det inkluderte Globalt posisjonssystem (GPS) som Ronald Reagen "
"frigjorde tidlig på 1980-tallet. Og det inkluderte \"åpen kildekode og fri "
-"programvare\". <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"programvare\". <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
"common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "
"begrensninger på hvordan proprietære krav kan bli brukt."
#. f7.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
"meeting."
msgstr "Jeg bør nevne at jeg var en av folkene som ba WIPO om dette møtet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was ideal."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its scope "
"drev med immaterielle rettighetsspørsmål."
#. PAGE BREAK 271
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
"WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
"immaterielle rettigheter som trengs, siden etter mitt syn, hadde selve ideen "
"om en balanse rundt immaterielle rettigheter hadde gått tapt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
"thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
"møtet om \"åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter for å skape fellesgoder\" virker "
"å passe perfekt for WIPOs agenda."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
"least among lobbyists. That project is \"open source and free software.\" "
"programvare,\" til sine egne interne behov."
#. f8.
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
-#| "sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
-#| "\"open source\" software or software in the public domain. Microsoft's "
-#| "principal opposition is to \"free software\" licensed under a \"copyleft"
-#| "\" license, meaning a license that requires the licensee to adopt the "
-#| "same terms on any derivative work. See Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of "
-#| "Software: Enabling the Marketplace to Decide,\" Government Policy Toward "
-#| "Open Source Software (Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for "
-#| "Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy "
-#| "Research, 2002), 69, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-#| "notes/\">link #62</ulink>. See also Craig Mundie, Microsoft senior vice "
-#| "president, The Commercial Software Model, discussion at New York "
-#| "University Stern School of Business (3 May 2001), available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
"sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with \"open "
"lisensiert med en \"copyleft\"-lisens, som betyr at lisensen krever at de "
"som lisensierer skal adoptere same vilkår for ethvert avledet verk. Se "
"Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of Software: Enabling the Marketplace to "
-"Decide,\" Government Policy Toward Open Source Software (Washington, D.C.: "
-"AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise "
-"Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), 69, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</ulink>. Se også Craig Mundie, "
-"Microsoft senior vice president, The Commercial Software Model, diskusjon "
-"ved New York University Stern School of Business (3. mai 2001), tilgjengelig "
-"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
+"Decide,\" <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source Software</"
+"citetitle> (Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory "
+"Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), "
+"69, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</"
+"ulink>. Se også Craig Mundie, Microsoft senior vice president, "
+"<citetitle>The Commercial Software Model</citetitle>, diskusjon ved New York "
+"University Stern School of Business (3. mai 2001), tilgjengelig fra <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "\"copyleft\" licenses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
"that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial software. "
"\"free software\"—and IBM is emphatically a commercial entity. Thus, "
"to support \"open source and free software\" is not to oppose commercial "
"entities. It is, instead, to support a mode of software development that is "
-"different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jeg mener ikke å gå inn i den debatten her. Det er viktig kun for å gjøre "
"det klart at skillet ikke er mellom kommersiell og ikke-kommersiell "
"aktør. Dermed er det å støtte \"fri programvare\" ikke å motsette seg "
"kommersielle aktører. Det er i stedet å støtte en måte å drive "
"programvareutvikling som er forskjellig fra Microsofts.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"3\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 272
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"More important for our purposes, to support \"open source and free software"
"\" is not to oppose copyright. \"Open source and free software\" is not "
"opphavsrettsloven som Microsoft."
#. f9.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" available at <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
"Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
"Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
"slikt møte.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Og uten støtte fra USA "
"ble møtet avlyst."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
"consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "
"lobbyvirksomhet, og ikke veldig overraskende at den mektigste "
"programvareprodusenten i USA har lyktes med sin lobbyvirksomhet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
"the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
"holde et møte som har som formål å fraskrive seg eller frafalle slike "
"rettigheter synes for oss å være i strid med formålene til WIPO.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
msgstr "Disse utsagnene er forbløffende på flere nivåer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
"software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
"jusstudent, men pinlig fra en høyt plassert statstjenestemann som håndterer "
"utfordringer rundt immaterielle rettigheter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to \"promote\" "
"intellectual property maximally? As I had been scolded at the preparatory "
"immaterielle rettigheter? Ville det vært bedre om internettets protokoller "
"hadde vært patentert?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
"intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 274
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting \"which "
"has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,\" she's saying that "
"interessen til WIPO ikke bare er maksimale immaterielle rettigheter, men "
"også at de skal utøves på den mest ekstreme og restriktive mulig måten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
"Anglo-American tradition. It is called \"feudalism.\" Under feudalism, not "
"avhengig av maksimal kontroll og konsentrasjon. Det sloss mot enhver frihet "
"som kunne forstyrre denne kontrollen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Drahos with Braithwaite, Information Feudalism, 210–20. "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
"210–20. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Drahos og Braithwaite, Information Feudalism, 210–20. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Se Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
+"210–20. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
"are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"<emphasis>fritt</emphasis> eller <emphasis>føydalt</emphasis>. Trenden er "
"mot det føydale."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
"section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "
"kommentar som gjorde meg trist. En anonym kommentator skrev,"
#. PAGE BREAK 275
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
"should be (\"the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should be to "
"slik Lessig vil at den skal være, er det åpenbart at hun har sagt noe galt. "
"En må alltid være oppmerksom på forskjellen mellom Lessigs og vår verden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
"the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "
"republikanere eller demokrater. Min eneste tilsynelatende illusjon er "
"hvorvidt våre myndigheter bør snakke sant eller ikke.)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea. Instead, the "
"poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the \"goal\" of "
"avslørte åpenbart, trodde han, min egen tåpelige utopisme. \"Typisk for en "
"akademiker\", kunne forfatteren like gjerne ha fortsatt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
"too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "
"urealisistiske idealer til akademikere gjennom historien (og ikke bare i "
"vårt eget lands historie)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
"should be to \"seek balance,\" then count me with the silly, for that means "
"blitt?"
#. PAGE BREAK 276
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the truth. "
"It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something more "
"for å bevare en tradisjon som har vært en del av vår tradisjon for "
"mesteparten av vår historie—fri kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Turner, Ted"
msgstr "Turner, Ted"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon. There are moments "
"of hope in this struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was "
"krav om flere høringer og et annet resultat. <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
"\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
"Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "
"ingen betydnigsfull støtte for FCCs avgjørelse, mens det var bred og "
"vedvarende støtte for å bekjempe ytterligere konsentrasjon i media."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle. Largeness "
"as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "
"aktører. Den dårlige kvaliteten til Big Macs eller Quartar Punders betyr "
"ikke at du ikke kan få en god hamburger andre steder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
"instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "
"property rights of a historically extreme form—that makes their "
"bigness bad."
msgstr ""
-"Faren med mediakonsentrasjon kommer ikke fra selve konsentrasjonen, men "
+"Faren med mediekonsentrasjon kommer ikke fra selve konsentrasjonen, men "
"kommer fra føydalismen som denne konsentrasjonen fører til når den kobles "
"til endringer i opphavsretten. Det er ikke kun at det er noen mektige "
"selskaper som styrer en stadig voksende andel av mediene. Det er at denne "
"eiendomsrettigheter i en historisk ekstrem form—som gjør størrelsen "
"ille."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
"and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
"historie med å slåss mot \"stort\", klokt eller ikke. At vi kan være "
"motivert til å slåss mot \"store\" igjen ikke noe nytt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
"could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
"tenke kritisk på omfanget av alt som kalles \"eiendom\" ikke er lenger er "
"godt trent i denne tradisjonen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
"tragedy."
"Hvis vi var Akilles, så ville dette være vår hæl. Dette ville være stedet "
"for våre tragedie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Dylan, Bob"
msgstr "Dylan, Bob"
#. f11.
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, September "
-#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #65</"
-#| "ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, 8 "
-#| "September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha and Phyllis Furman with Robert Gearty, "
-#| "\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" New "
-#| "York Daily News, 9 September 2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits "
-#| "Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. "
-#| "Among Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10 September 2003, E1; Katie Dean, "
-#| "\"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" Wired News, 10 September 2003, "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</"
-#| "ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, September "
"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #65</"
"#65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, "
"8 september 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha og Phyllis Furman sammen med Robert Gearty, "
-"\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" New York "
-"Daily News, 9. september 2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet "
-"Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among "
-"Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10. september 2003, E1; Katie Dean, "
-"\"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" Wired News, 10. september 2003, "
-"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</"
-"ulink>."
+"\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" "
+"<citetitle>New York Daily News</citetitle>, 9. september 2003, 3; Frank "
+"Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., "
+"12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" <citetitle>Washington Post</"
+"citetitle>, 10. september 2003, E1; Katie Dean, \"Schoolgirl Settles with "
+"RIAA,\" <citetitle>Wired News</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, tilgjengelig "
+"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
#. f12.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued . . . by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv.com, 17 "
-"September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv.com, "
+"
17 September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #68</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued . . . by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv.com, "
+"Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv.com, "
"17. september 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #68</ulink>."
#. f13.
#. PAGE BREAK 334
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, \"Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for Dylan "
"Songs,\" Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"Songs,\" Kansascity.com, 9. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"As I write these final words, the news is filled with stories about the RIAA "
"lawsuits against almost three hundred individuals.<placeholder type="
"Universiteter truer med å utvise ungdommer som bruker en datamaskin for å "
"dele innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Creative Commons"
msgstr "Creative Commons"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
msgstr "Gil, Gilberto"
#. f14.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"\"BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,\" BBC press release, 24 "
"August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"\">link #70</ulink>."
#. f15.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"\"Creative Commons and Brazil,\" Creative Commons Weblog, 6 August 2003, "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #71</ulink>."
"ulink>."
#. PAGE BREAK 278
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
"will build a \"Creative Archive,\" from which British citizens can download "
"viktigere, det vil kreve at noen omforme RCAene av i dag til Causbyere."
#. PAGE BREAK 279
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
"potential is ever to be realized."
"Sunn fornuft må gjøre opprør. Den må handle for å frigjøre kulturen. Og "
"snart, hvis dette potensialet skal noen gang bli realisert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "AFTERWORD"
msgstr "Etterord"
#. PAGE BREAK 280
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
msgid ""
"At least some who have read this far will agree with me that something must "
"be done to change where we are heading. The balance of this book maps what "
"noe må gjøres for å endre retningen vi holder. Balansen i denne boken "
"kartlegger hva som kan gjøres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
"remaking sunn fornuft, er det at det krever remaking hvor mange mennesker "
"tenker om det samme problemet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
"musikere, filmskapere, forskere—alle for å fortelle historien med egne "
"ord og å fortelle sine naboer hvorfor denne kampen er så viktig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
"således, i den andre delen nedenfor jeg skissere endringer som Kongressen "
"kan gjøre for å sikre bedre en fri kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "US, NOW"
msgstr "Oss, nå"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Common sense is with the copyright warriors because the debate so far has "
"been framed at the extremes—as a grand either/or: either property or "
"the choice, then the warriors should win."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
"du ønsker, uavhengig av om du har tillatelse eller ikke."
#. PAGE BREAK 282
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
"Internett var \"ingen rettigheter reservert.\" innhold ble \"tatt\" "
"uavhengig av rettighetene. alle rettigheter som var effektivt ubeskyttet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
"Internett i dag vil bli en \"få tillatelse til å klippe og lime\" verden som "
"er en creator mareritt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What's needed is a way to say something in the middle—neither \"all "
"gratis innhold som de ønsker. med andre ord, trenger vi en måte å "
"gjenopprette et sett med andre friheter som vi bare kunne ta for gitt før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
msgstr "Gjenoppbygging av friheter som tidligere var antatt: Eksempler"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
"Internett-vanene dine naboer eller sjefen. du surfer vaner \"personvern\" "
"var trygg på."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "What made it assured?"
msgstr "Hva gjorde at det var sikret?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter 10, your "
-"privacy was assured because of an inefficient architecture for gathering "
-"data and hence a market constraint (cost) on anyone who wanted to gather "
-"that data. If you were a suspected spy for North Korea, working for the CIA, "
-"no doubt your privacy would not be assured. But that's because the CIA "
-"would (we hope) find it valuable enough to spend the thousands required to "
-"track you. But for most of us (again, we can hope), spying doesn't pay. The "
-"highly inefficient architecture of real space means we all enjoy a fairly "
-"robust amount of privacy. That privacy is guaranteed to us by friction. Not "
-"by law (there is no law protecting \"privacy\" in public places), and in "
-"many places, not by norms (snooping and gossip are just fun), but instead, "
-"by the costs that friction imposes on anyone who would want to spy."
+"Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
+"assured because of an inefficient architecture for gathering data and hence "
+"a market constraint (cost) on anyone who wanted to gather that data. If you "
+"were a suspected spy for North Korea, working for the CIA, no doubt your "
+"privacy would not be assured. But that's because the CIA would (we hope) "
+"find it valuable enough to spend the thousands required to track you. But "
+"for most of us (again, we can hope), spying doesn't pay. The highly "
+"inefficient architecture of real space means we all enjoy a fairly robust "
+"amount of privacy. That privacy is guaranteed to us by friction. Not by law "
+"(there is no law protecting \"privacy\" in public places), and in many "
+"places, not by norms (snooping and gossip are just fun), but instead, by the "
+"costs that friction imposes on anyone who would want to spy."
msgstr ""
"Vel, hvis vi tror når det gjelder metoder jeg beskrevet i kapittel 10, "
"personvernet var forsikret på grunn av en ineffektiv arkitektur for å samle "
"normer (snooping og sladder er bare morsomt), men i stedet av kostnader som "
"friksjon pålegger på alle som ønsker å spy."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Amazon"
msgstr "Amazon"
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "cookies, Internet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
"pages. Now, because of the architecture of the Net and the function of "
"cookies on the Net, it is easier to collect the data than not. The friction "
"has disappeared, and hence any \"privacy\" protected by the friction "
-"disappears, too."
+"disappears, too. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Angi Internett, der kostnaden for sporing av surfing spesielt har blitt "
"ganske liten. Hvis du er en kunde på amazon, deretter samler som du blar "
"enklere å samle inn data enn ikke. friksjonen har forsvunnet, og dermed alle "
"\"personvern\" beskyttet av friksjonen forsvinner, også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
"friksjon i går."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, \"Fair Information Practices and the "
"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),\" <citetitle>Stanford "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 284
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"It is this reality that explains the push of many to define \"privacy\" on "
"the Internet. It is the recognition that technology can remove what friction "
"affirmatively act where, before, privacy was given by default."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software movement. "
"maskinen på en ibm-maskin, slik at data Generelt og ibm ikke vare mye om "
"hvordan du styrer deres programvare."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Stallman, Richard"
msgstr "Stallman, Richard"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
"researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
"smarte sorten selv, og en talentfull programmerer, begynte Stallman å basere "
"seg frihet til å legge til eller endre på andre personers arbeid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
"være gratis å tinker med og forbedre koden som kjørte en maskin. Dette, "
"også, var kunnskap. Hvorfor bør ikke være åpen for kritikk som noe annet?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
"meg å selge en skriver til markedet enn det var for deg."
#. PAGE BREAK 285
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
"og som han mente, hvis han gjorde ikke noe om det, og frihet til å endre og "
"dele programvare ville være grundig svekket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
"system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
"the birth of the GNU project, into which Linus Torvalds's \"Linux\" kernel "
-"was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system."
+"was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Derfor, i 1984, startet Stallmann på et prosjekt for å bygge et fritt "
+"operativsystem, slik i hvert fall en flik av fri programvare skulle "
+"overleve. Dette var starten på GNU-prosjektet, som \"Linux\"-kjernen til "
+"Linus Torvalds senere ble lagt til i for å produsere GNU/Linux-"
+"operativsystemet. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
"andre å bygge på. hans grunnleggende målet var frihet; nyskapende, kreative "
"koden var en byproduct."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
"gjenerobring et mellomrom der fri programvare ville overleve. Han var aktivt "
"beskytter hva før hadde vært passivt garantert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
"journaler er produsert."
#. PAGE BREAK 286
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
"den, er lexis og westlaw også gjerne Belast brukerne for privilegiet av å få "
"tilgang til at Høyesterett mening gjennom sine respektive tjenester."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
"ingenting galt med å selge allemannseie, det kan være noe galt i prinsippet "
"med selger tilgang til materiale som ikke er allemannseie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
"gjennom proprietære tjenester? Hva om ingen hadde muligheten til å bla "
"gjennom denne data unntatt ved å betale for et abonnement?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
"journaler (arkitektur)—nemlig at det var svært vanskelig å kontrollere "
"tilgangen til en papir-journal."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
"Således, som med personvern og med programvare, en skiftende teknologi og "
"markedet forminske en frihet tatt for gitt før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
"utskriftsversjon av sitt arbeid, men opphavsretten for utskrift journal "
"forhindre ikke høyre for noen til å videredistribuere arbeidet gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
"konkurransen i vår tradisjon er presumptively en god—spesielt når det "
"bidrar til å spre kunnskap og vitenskap."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
-msgstr "Gjenoppbyggeing av fri kultur: En idé"
+msgstr "Gjenoppbygging av fri kultur: En idé"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
"samme strategi som kan brukes til kultur, som et svar på økende kontrollen "
"berørt gjennom lov og teknologi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
"vanntett lisenser, gjør dette mulig."
#. PAGE BREAK 288
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>—which means without a middleman, or "
"annet enn \"all\" eller \"Nei\" ekstreme. innholdet er merket med kopi-"
"merket, som ikke betyr at copyright fratres, men at visse friheter er gitt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
"bruk, så lenge alle kopiene ikke er laget. eller til slutt, noen pedagogisk "
"bruk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
"enkeltpersoner og skaperne vil gjøre dette innholdet tilgjengelig. og at "
"innholdet i sin tur kan vi bygge et offentlig-domene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Garlick, Mia"
msgstr "Garlick, Mia"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons. And of "
"kaller dem) hvem hjelpe bygge allemannseie, og ved deres arbeid, demonstrere "
"viktigheten av public domain til andre kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The aim is not to fight the \"All Rights Reserved\" sorts. The aim is to "
"bruke dem – er nødvendig. Creative commons gir folk en måte for effektivt å "
"begynne å bygge disse reglene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
"nettet og gratis, under en creative commons-lisens på samme dag som det gikk "
"på salg i bokhandler."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
"(2)-varer enn dårlig-(1) s, strategien for lanserer cory bok gratis on-line "
"trolig vil øke salg av cory's bok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion. "
"første romanen av en science fiction-forfatteren var en total suksess."
#. PAGE BREAK 290
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
"også."
#. f2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
"Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
"content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
"creativity might grow."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
"det til andre."
#. PAGE BREAK 291
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
"med creative commons-friheter. så er neste trinn å se på og feire skaperne "
"som bygger innhold basert på innhold satt fri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
"commons, avhengig av frivillig tiltak for å oppnå dette å gjenoppbygge. de "
"vil føre til en verden der flere frivillige trinnene er mulig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
"forfattere og skaperne å utøve sine rettigheter, mer fleksibelt og billig. "
"at vi tror forskjellen, aktiverer kreativitet å spre lettere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "THEM, SOON"
msgstr "Dem, snart"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will not reclaim a free culture by individual action alone. It will also "
"til disse idéene og implementere disse reformene. men det betyr også at vi "
"har tid til å bygge opp bevisstheten rundt endringene som vi trenger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
"skritt, ikke en slutt. men noen av disse trinnene vil bære oss en lang vei "
"til vår side."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "1. More Formalities"
msgstr "1. Flere formaliteter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
"flybillett, har navnet ditt på den."
#. PAGE BREAK 293
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
"disse er alle formaliteter knyttet til egenskapen. de er krav som vi alle må "
"bære hvis vi ønsker vår eiendom skal beskyttes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
"registrere deg. du trenger ikke engang å merke innholdet. standard er "
"kontrollen, og \"formaliteter\" er kastet ut."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Why?"
msgstr "hvorfor?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"As I suggested in chapter 10, the motivation to abolish formalities was a "
-"good one. In the world before digital technologies, formalities imposed a "
-"burden on copyright holders without much benefit. Thus, it was progress when "
-"the law relaxed the formal requirements that a copyright owner must bear to "
-"protect and secure his work. Those formalities were getting in the way."
+"As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good one. In "
+"the world before digital technologies, formalities imposed a burden on "
+"copyright holders without much benefit. Thus, it was progress when the law "
+"relaxed the formal requirements that a copyright owner must bear to protect "
+"and secure his work. Those formalities were getting in the way."
msgstr ""
"som jeg antydet i kapittel 10, var motivasjon til å avskaffe formaliteter en "
"god en. i verden før digital teknologi pålagt formaliteter en byrde på "
"loven avslappet formelle krav som en opphavsrettsinnehaveren må bære å "
"beskytte og sikre hans arbeid. disse formaliteter var komme i veien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a burden. "
"styrker mange i stillhet der de ellers kunne snakke."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only. "
"jeg tror det vil være fordelaktig for samme idéen om å bli vedtatt av andre "
"land også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder type=\"footnote"
"\" id=\"0\"/>—but it should not change it by going back to the old, "
"formalities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
"gjorde. men et revidert system av formaliteter ville forvise regjeringen fra "
"prosessen, unntatt for formålet å godkjenne standarder utviklet av andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"
msgstr "Registrering og fornying"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
"første reaksjon er panikk—ingenting kunne være verre enn tvinge folk "
"til å håndtere rotet som er copyright kontoret."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
"private selskaper å tjene allmennheten, underlagt standarder som regjeringen "
"angir."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet. There "
"opp."
#. PAGE BREAK 295
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
"lavere byrden av denne formalitet—mens en database med registreringer "
"som ville forenkler lisensiering av innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
msgid "MARKING"
msgstr "Merking"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
"og enda viktigere, det er ingen grunn et merking krav må håndheves jevnt på "
"tvers av alle medier."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
"mark gjør det også enkelt å finne en som har opphavsrettighetene for å sikre "
"tillatelse til å bruke arbeidet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
"retten til å straffe noen for ikke å få tillatelse først."
#. f2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
"enn er rettferdiggjort av marginale incitament opprettes."
#. PAGE BREAK 296
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
"published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
"would create a strong incentive for copyright owners to mark their work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
"for å godkjenne standarder for å merke innhold som har vært laget andre "
"steder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
"skape noe nytt; men vi vil stole på regjeringen for å holde produktet av "
"innovasjon i tråd med sin andre viktige funksjoner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements. "
"som er tatt i et bestemt år i ett trinn. Målet med formalitet er å unngå "
"unødige belastninger skaperen; selve systemet bør holdes så enkelt som mulig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
"ingenting for å gjøre ting klart. Ja, det synes designet for å gjøre ting "
"som er uklart."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
"type innhold; det ville være enkelt å hevde de rettighetene og å fornye at "
"påstanden på riktig tidspunkt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
msgstr "2. Kortere vernetid"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
"corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
"authors."
msgstr ""
-"Vernetiden i opphavsretten har gått fra fjorten år til nittifem år "
-"der selskap har forfatterskapet , og livstiden til forfatteren pluss "
-"sytti år for individuelle forfattere."
+"Vernetiden i opphavsretten har gått fra fjorten år til nittifem år der "
+"selskap har forfatterskapet , og livstiden til forfatteren pluss sytti år "
+"for individuelle forfattere."
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"\"A Radical Rethink,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25 "
"January 2003): 15, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"januar 2003): 15, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #74</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a seventy-five-"
"year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement of renewal "
"patents."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
"viktig å huske på om opphavsrett terms."
#. (1)
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
#. (2)
#. PAGE BREAK 298
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
"protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of \"fair "
"nødvendig å håndtere."
#. f4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation and/"
"or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at <ulink "
"or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), tilgjengelig fra "
"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #75</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "veterans' pensions"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed. "
"Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
msgstr ""
#. (4)
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
"usynlig). men øke deres belønning vil ikke øke sin kreativitet i 1923. Hva "
"er ikke gjort er ikke gjort, og det er ingenting vi kan gjøre med det nå."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
"copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
"Frem til 1976 var gjennomsnittelig vernetid kun 32.2 år. Vårt mål bør være "
"det samme."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas \"radical.\" (After all, I "
"call them \"extremists.\") But again, the term I recommended was longer than "
"lengre enn vernetiden under Richard Nixon. hvor \"radikalt\" kan det være å "
"be om en mer sjenerøs opphavsrettighet enn da Richard Nixon var president?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
msgstr "3. Fri Bruk vs. rimelig bruk"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
"gjorde ingen sans lenger for å gi så mye kontroll, gitt fremveksten av den "
"nye teknologien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors \"exclusive right"
"til å frigi den filmen, selv om filmen ikke er \"min skrive.\""
#. f5.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
"York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
"Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
"York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
"exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
msgstr ""
#. f6.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Ibid., 56."
msgstr "ibid., 56."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
"of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
"abracadabra of idea and expression.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
"de har ikke noen mening som en formløse grant. vurdere hver begrensning "
"igjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
"inducing kreativitet; Det er ikke viktig lenge etter skapende arbeid er "
"gjort."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
"denne generelle krav om tillatelse betyr for den kreative prosessen. "
"Smothers det."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
"poengsum—det ikke fornuftig å kreve forhandling for den unforeseeable. "
"her, ville en lovfestet rett gjøre mye mer fornuftig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
msgstr "Goldstein, Paul"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
"Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
"Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
"187–216. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
"the presumption should be that other uses are not protected. This is the "
"that expanded protections follow expanded uses."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
"med innovasjon."
#. PAGE BREAK 301
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
"kultur for andre å dyrke. og under en lovbestemte rettigheter-regimet at "
"gjenbruk ville tjene artister mer inntekter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "4. Liberate the Music—Again"
msgstr "4. Frigjør musikken—igjen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
"fleste, de fleste presserende—musikk. Det er ingen andre spørsmål som "
"bedre lærer erfaringene fra denne boken enn slagene rundt deling av musikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
"etterspørselen etter forskrifter som til slutt drepe innovasjon på "
"nettverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
"offentlig fremføring av sitt arbeid, og til en profesjonell artist å "
"kontrollere kopier av hennes ytelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
"content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
-"all the file-sharing networks do. As I described in chapter 5, they enable "
-"four different kinds of sharing:"
+"all the file-sharing networks do. As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle="
+"\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"piracy\"/>, they enable four different "
+"kinds of sharing:"
msgstr ""
"fildeling nettverk komplisere denne modellen ved å aktivere spredning av "
"innhold som utøveren ikke er blitt betalt. men selvfølgelig, det er ikke "
"fire forskjellige typer deling:"
#. A.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
"CDs."
"Det er noen som bruker delingsnettverk som erstatninger for å kjøpe CDer."
#. B.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
#. PAGE BREAK 302
#. C.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
"ha vært altfor vanskelig å få kjøpt via nettet."
#. D.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
"ikke er opphavsrettsbeskyttet, eller for å få tilgang som "
"opphavsrettsinnehaveren åpenbart går god for."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
"omfanget av typen b. som med videospillere, hvis netto effekt av en deling "
"er faktisk ikke svært skadelige, behovet for regulering er betydelig svekket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"As I said in chapter 5, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial. "
-"For the purposes of this chapter, however, I assume the harm is real. I "
-"assume, in other words, that type A sharing is significantly greater than "
-"type B, and is the dominant use of sharing networks."
+"As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"piracy"
+"\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial. For the purposes "
+"of this chapter, however, I assume the harm is real. I assume, in other "
+"words, that type A sharing is significantly greater than type B, and is the "
+"dominant use of sharing networks."
msgstr ""
"som jeg sa i kapittel 5, er den faktiske skaden forårsaket av deling "
"kontroversielt. i hensikt av dette kapitlet, men antar jeg skaden er reell. "
"Jeg antar, med andre ord, denne typen en deling er betydelig større enn type "
"b, og er dominerende bruk av deling av nettverk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
"that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should respond."
"Uansett, det er et avgjørende faktum om den gjeldende teknologiske "
"omgivelsen som vi må huske på hvis vi skal forstå hvordan loven bør reagere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
"idé."
#. PAGE BREAK 303
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
"Internett."
#. f8.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See, for example, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
"2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #76</"
"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#76</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
"you access to content on the fly—such as Internet radio, content that "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 304
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
"betalt, under denne overgangen mellom 1900-tallet modeller for å gjøre "
"forretnings- og tyve-første-tallet teknologier."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The answer begins with recognizing that there are different \"problems\" "
"med ransoms. det ville være feil å utestenge betale telefoner for å "
"eliminere kidnapping."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Type C content raises a different \"problem.\" This is content that was, at "
"arbeidet er glemt. Uansett bør sikte på loven å forenkle tilgang til dette "
"innholdet, ideelt på en måte som returnerer noe til kunstneren."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
"perspektiv, denne \"deling\" av hans innhold uten hans blir kompensert er "
"mindre enn ideell."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem out-of-"
"gratis som handel bøker."
#. PAGE BREAK 305
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
"utvikle rundt idéen om handel dette innholdet, og kunstnere vil dra nytte av "
"denne handelen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
"royalty skyldte for slike kopiering bør være mye mindre enn beløpet skyldte "
"en kommersiell utgiver."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
"som problemet er, forstå at vi er midt i en radikal endring i teknologien "
"for å levere og tilgang til innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
"this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
"sider i denne krigen, men som jeg tror vil gi mer mening når en får tenkt "
"seg om."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
"innhold industrien."
#. PAGE BREAK 306
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
"asbestos. But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law. "
"eller p2p-teknologien som i dag skader innholdsleverandører på internett, så "
"bør vi finne en relativt enkel måte å kompensere de som blir skadelidende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Fisher, William"
msgstr "Fisher, William"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"William Fisher, <citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</"
"citetitle> (last revised: 10 October 2000), available at <ulink url=\"http://"
"\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
"Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
"be paid for by (4) an appropriate tax."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
"tilgangen."
#. PAGE BREAK 307
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
"ville ikke sterkt belaster semiotic demokrati Hvis det var noen "
"begrensninger på hva en var tillatt å gjøre med selve innholdet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of \"harm\" "
"en sang. og ingen tvil om det vil være mye konkurranse å tilby og selge "
"musikk på nettet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This competition has already occurred against the background of \"free\" "
"seter og måltider servert mens du ser en film—er de kampen og lykkes i "
"å finne måter å konkurrere med \"gratis\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
"lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
"bruke innhold, og ikke lenger frykte usikre og barbarisk strenge straffer "
"fra loven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
msgstr "Oppsummert, så er dette mitt forslag:"
#. PAGE BREAK 308
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
"transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
"denne teknologiske endringen, samtidig vi muliggjør, og oppmuntrer, den mest "
"effektive teknologien vi kan lage."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
msgstr ""
"Vi kan minimere skaden og samtidig maksimere fordelen med innovasjon ved å"
#. 1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
msgstr "garantere retten til å engasjere seg i type-D-deling;"
#. 2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
"type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
"kommersiell type-C-deling med en lav og fast rate fastsatt ved lov."
#. 3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
"extent actual harm is demonstrated."
"mens denne overgangen pågår, skattlegge og kompensere for type-A-deling, i "
"den grad faktiske skade kan påvises."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"But what if \"piracy\" doesn't disappear? What if there is a competitive "
"market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number of "
"signifikant antall av forbrukere fortsetter å \"ta\" innhold uten å betale? "
"Burde loven gjøre noe da?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
"develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
"finne måter å spore opp de smålige piratene."
#. PAGE BREAK 309
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
"type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
"får betalt, mens vi beskytter rommet for nyskapning og kreativitet som "
"internettet er."
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
msgstr "5. Spark en masse advokater"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
"in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
"ikke fordi det er mye penger å tjene, men fordi det innebærer idealer som "
"jeg elsker å leve opp til."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
"have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
"synet ødelegge loven."
#. f10.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
"Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): 1057, "
"Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): 1057, "
"1069–70."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a \"radical\" by "
"many within the profession, yet the positions that I am advocating are "
"utøver i opphavsrettsfeltet, Melville Nimmer, at den var åpenbar."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
"not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
"imidlertid ikke bare om en profesjonell skjevhet. Det handler enda viktigere "
"om vår manglende evne til å faktisk ta inn over oss hva loven koster."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
"commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
"å stille spørsmål med sin egen uttalte posisjon—to ganger. I starten "
"predicated han at nedlasting ville påføre industrien vesentlig skade. Han "
"endret så sitt syn etter i lys av dataene, og han har siden endret sitt syn "
-"på nytt. Sammenlign Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy: The "
-"True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</citetitle> (New York: Amacom, 2002), "
-"(gikk igjennom hans originale syn men uttrykte skepsis) med Stan J. "
-"Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" artikkelutkast, "
-"juni 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #86</ulink>. Den nøye analysen til Liebowitz er ekstremt verdifull "
-"i sin estimering av effekten av fildelingsteknologi. Etter mitt syn "
-"underestimerer han forøvrig kostnaden til det juridiske system. Se, for "
-"eksempel, <citetitle>Rethinking</citetitle>, 174–76. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"på nytt. Sammenlign Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network "
+"Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Amacom, 2002), (gikk igjennom hans originale syn men uttrykte skepsis) "
+"med Stan J. Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" "
+"artikkelutkast, juni 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"cc/notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Den nøye analysen til Liebowitz er ekstremt "
+"verdifull i sin estimering av effekten av fildelingsteknologi. Etter mitt "
+"syn underestimerer han forøvrig kostnaden til det juridiske system. Se, for "
+"eksempel, <citetitle>Rethinking</citetitle>, 174–76. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits. But "
"more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
"samfunnsfagsundervisning lærte dem at det fungerer."
#. PAGE BREAK 310
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
"anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
"med vårt juridiske systemet er så hårreisende høyt vil en praktisk talt "
"aldri oppnå rettferdighet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
"the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
"av doktrine er avhengig av nøyaktig arbeid. Men nøyaktig arbeid koster for "
"mye, bortsett fra i de mest høyprofilerte og kostbare sakene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
"tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
"prosenten av klientene. Det kan gjøres radikalt mer effektivt, og billig, "
"og dermed radikalt mer rettferdig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
"from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
"unna områder der vi vet den bare vil skade. Og det er nettopp det loven "
"altfor ofte vil gjøre hvis for mye av vår kultur er lovregulert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
"technology—the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
"virkeligheten slik den var i Brezhnevs Russland."
#. PAGE BREAK 311
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The law should regulate in certain areas of culture—but it should "
"regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
"spørsmålet: \"vil det bidra positivt?\". Når de blir utfordret om det "
"utvidede rekkevidden til loven, er advokat-svaret, \"Hvorfor ikke?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"We should ask, \"Why?\" Show me why your regulation of culture is needed. "
"Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your lawyers "
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff