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</p><p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="images/cc.png" align="middle" height="38" alt="Creative Commons, Pewne prawa zastrzeżone"></span>
+ <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="images/cc-some-rights-reserved.png" align="middle" height="38" alt="Creative Commons, Pewne prawa zastrzeżone"></span>
</p><p>
Ta książka jest wydana na licencji Creative Commons. Licencja ta pozwala na
dowolny użytek tej pracy tak długo, dopóki podane jest jej autorstwo i nie
jest rozpowszechniany żaden materiał pochodny. Więcej informacji na temat
tej licencji znajdziesz na <a class="ulink" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/" target="_top">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/</a>.
- </p></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#the-net-of-a-thousand-lies">Sieć tysięcy kłamstw</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#digital-rights-activism-a-quarter-century-on">Digital rights activism, a quarter-century on</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#tech-exceptionalism-then-and-now">Tech exceptionalism, then and now</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#dont-believe-the-hype">Don’t believe the hype</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#what-is-persuasion">What is persuasion?</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#segmenting">1. Segmenting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#deception">2. Deception</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#domination">3. Domination</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bypassing-our-rational-faculties">4. Bypassing our rational faculties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#if-data-is-the-new-oil-then-surveillance-capitalisms-engine-has-a-leak">If data is the new oil, then surveillance capitalism’s engine has a leak</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#what-is-facebook">What is Facebook?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#monopoly-and-the-right-to-the-future-tense">Monopoly and the right to the future tense</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#search-order-and-the-right-to-the-future-tense">Search order and the right to the future tense</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#monopolists-can-afford-sleeping-pills-for-watchdogs">Monopolists can afford sleeping pills for watchdogs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#privacy-and-monopoly">Privacy and monopoly</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ronald-reagan-pioneer-of-tech-monopolism">Ronald Reagan, pioneer of tech monopolism</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#steering-with-the-windshield-wipers">Steering with the windshield wipers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#surveillance-still-matters">Surveillance still matters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#dignity-and-sanctuary">Dignity and sanctuary</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#afflicting-the-afflicted">Afflicting the afflicted</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#any-data-you-collect-and-retain-will-eventually-leak">Any data you collect and retain will eventually leak</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#critical-tech-exceptionalism-is-still-tech-exceptionalism">Critical tech exceptionalism is still tech exceptionalism</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#how-monopolies-not-mind-control-drive-surveillance-capitalism-the-snapchat-story">How monopolies, not mind control, drive surveillance capitalism: The
-Snapchat story</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#a-monopoly-over-your-friends">A monopoly over your friends</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fake-news-is-an-epistemological-crisis">Fake news is an epistemological crisis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#tech-is-different">Tech is different</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ownership-of-facts">Ownership of facts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#persuasion-works-slowly">Persuasion works… slowly</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#paying-wont-help">Paying won’t help</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#an-ecology-moment-for-trustbusting">An <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">ecology</span>”</span> moment for trustbusting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#make-big-tech-small-again">Make Big Tech small again</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#goto-10">20 GOTO 10</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#up-and-through">Up and through</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="the-net-of-a-thousand-lies"></a>Sieć tysięcy kłamstw</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#the-net-of-a-thousand-lies">Sieć tysięcy kłamstw</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#digital-rights-activism-a-quarter-century-on">Aktywizm praw cyfrowych, krótka historia 25 lat działalności</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#tech-exceptionalism-then-and-now">Wyjątkowość Technologii, dawniej i obecnie</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#dont-believe-the-hype">Nie wierz 'szumom' medialnym</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#what-is-persuasion">Co to jest przekonywanie?</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#segmenting">1. Segmentacja</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#deception">2. Podstęp</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#domination">3. Dominacja</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bypassing-our-rational-faculties">4. Omijanie naszych racjonalnych zdolności</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#if-data-is-the-new-oil-then-surveillance-capitalisms-engine-has-a-leak">Jeśli dane są nowym paliwem, to silnik kapitalistycznych systemów nadzoru ma
+wyciek</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#what-is-facebook">Co to jest Facebook?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#monopoly-and-the-right-to-the-future-tense">Monopol i prawo do czasu przyszłego</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#search-order-and-the-right-to-the-future-tense">Porządek wyszukiwania i prawo do czasu przyszłego</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#monopolists-can-afford-sleeping-pills-for-watchdogs">Monopoliści mogą sobie pozwolić na proszki nasenne dla strażników</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#privacy-and-monopoly">Prywatność a monopol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ronald-reagan-pioneer-of-tech-monopolism">Ronald Reagan, pionier monopolizmu technologicznego</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#steering-with-the-windshield-wipers">Sterowanie za pomocą wycieraczek przedniej szyby</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#surveillance-still-matters">Systemy nadzoru mają ciągle znaczenie</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#dignity-and-sanctuary">Godność i sanktuarium</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#afflicting-the-afflicted">Dręczenie udręczonych</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#any-data-you-collect-and-retain-will-eventually-leak">Jakiekolwiek dane, które zbierasz i przetwarzasz, kiedyś w końcu wyciekną</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#critical-tech-exceptionalism-is-still-tech-exceptionalism">Przełomowa wyjątkowość technologiczna jest nadal technologiczną
+wyjątkowością</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#how-monopolies-not-mind-control-drive-surveillance-capitalism-the-snapchat-story">Jak monopole, a nie kontrola umysłu, sterują kapitalizmen opartym na
+systemach nadzoru: historia Snapchat</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#a-monopoly-over-your-friends">Monopol sprawowany nad twoimi przyjaciółmi</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fake-news-is-an-epistemological-crisis">Fałszywe wiadomości to oznaka kryzysu epistemologicznego</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#tech-is-different">Technologia jest czymś odmiennym</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ownership-of-facts">Własność faktów</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#persuasion-works-slowly">Przekonywanie działa… powoli</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#paying-wont-help">Płacenie nie pomoże</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#an-ecology-moment-for-trustbusting"><span class="quote">“<span class="quote"> ekologia</span>”</span> chwila na zerwanie zaufania</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#make-big-tech-small-again">Spraw, aby 'Big Tech' stała się ponownie 'małą' technologią</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#goto-10">20 GOTO 10</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#up-and-through">W górę i na wylot</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="the-net-of-a-thousand-lies"></a>Sieć tysięcy kłamstw</h2></div></div></div><p>
Najbardziej zaskakującą kwestią w dziedzinie powtórnych narodzin płaskich
Ziemian w 21 wieku jest to, jak szeroko rozpowszechnione są przeciwko nim
dowody. Można teraz zrozumieć, jak przed wiekami ludzie, którzy nigdy nie
łatwiej zaprzeczyć twierdzeniom wysuwanym podczas <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">naukowego wyścigu
po sukces</span>”</span>.
</p><p>
- We are living through a golden age of both readily available facts and
-denial of those facts. Terrible ideas that have lingered on the fringes for
-decades or even centuries have gone mainstream seemingly overnight.
- </p><p>
- When an obscure idea gains currency, there are only two things that can
-explain its ascendance: Either the person expressing that idea has gotten a
-lot better at stating their case, or the proposition has become harder to
-deny in the face of mounting evidence. In other words, if we want people to
-take climate change seriously, we can get a bunch of Greta Thunbergs to make
-eloquent, passionate arguments from podiums, winning our hearts and minds,
-or we can wait for flood, fire, broiling sun, and pandemics to make the case
-for us. In practice, we’ll probably have to do some of both: The more we’re
-boiling and burning and drowning and wasting away, the easier it will be for
-the Greta Thunbergs of the world to convince us.
- </p><p>
- The arguments for ridiculous beliefs in odious conspiracies like
-anti-vaccination, climate denial, a flat Earth, and eugenics are no better
-than they were a generation ago. Indeed, they’re worse because they are
-being pitched to people who have at least a background awareness of the
-refuting facts.
+ Żyjemy w złotej epoce, zarówno łatwo dostępnych faktów, jak i zaprzeczenia
+tym faktom. Okropne idee, które pozostawały na marginesie przez
+dziesięciolecia, a nawet stulecia, z dnia na dzień weszły do głównego nurtu.
+ </p><p>
+ Kiedy niejasny pomysł zyskuje na popularności, istnieją tylko dwie rzeczy,
+które mogą wyjaśnić jego przewagę: albo osoba wyrażająca ten pomysł znacznie
+lepiej radzi sobie z przedstawieniem swojej racji, albo twierdzenie staje
+się trudniejsze do zaprzeczenia w obliczu rosnących dowodów. Innymi słowy,
+jeśli chcemy, aby ludzie poważnie podchodzili do zmian klimatycznych, możemy
+skłonić grupę Grety Thunberg do wyrażenia wymownych, namiętnych argumentów w
+sposób publiczny, przez co zdobędzie ona nasze serca i umysły, lub możemy
+poczekać na powódź, ogień, palące się słońce i pandemie, aby przemówiła za
+nami. W praktyce prawdopodobnie będziemy musieli zrobić jedno i drugie: im
+więcej będziemy gotować, palić, topić i marnować, tym łatwiej będzie Grecie
+Thunberg nas przekonać.
+ </p><p>
+ Argumenty za absurdalnymi wierzeniami w oparciu o teorie spiskowe, takie jak
+teoria antyszczepionkowa, teoria negująca zmiany klimatu, teoria o istnieniu
+płaskiej Ziemi i teoria eugeniczna, wcale nie są lepsze niż w pokoleniu
+wcześniejszym. W rzeczywistości, są gorsze, ponieważ są przedstawiane
+ludziom, którzy mają przynajmniej podstawową świadomość faktów obalających
+te teorie.
</p><p>
Anti-vax has been around since the first vaccines, but the early
anti-vaxxers were pitching people who were less equipped to understand even
</p><p>
I want us to choose wisely. Taming Big Tech is integral to fixing the
Internet, and for that, we need digital rights activism.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="digital-rights-activism-a-quarter-century-on"></a>Digital rights activism, a quarter-century on</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="digital-rights-activism-a-quarter-century-on"></a>Aktywizm praw cyfrowych, krótka historia 25 lat działalności</h2></div></div></div><p>
Digital rights activism is more than 30 years old now. The Electronic
Frontier Foundation turned 30 this year; the Free Software Foundation
launched in 1985. For most of the history of the movement, the most
What’s more, I think that her incorrect diagnosis will lead us down a path
that ends up making Big Tech stronger, not weaker. We need to take down Big
Tech, and to do that, we need to start by correctly identifying the problem.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="tech-exceptionalism-then-and-now"></a>Tech exceptionalism, then and now</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="tech-exceptionalism-then-and-now"></a>Wyjątkowość Technologii, dawniej i obecnie</h2></div></div></div><p>
Early critics of the digital rights movement — perhaps best represented by
campaigning organizations like the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Free
Software Foundation, Public Knowledge, and others that focused on preserving
fight the last century’s tech battles.
</p><p>
But tech exceptionalism is a sin no matter who practices it.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="dont-believe-the-hype"></a>Don’t believe the hype</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="dont-believe-the-hype"></a>Nie wierz 'szumom' medialnym</h2></div></div></div><p>
You’ve probably heard that <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">if you’re not paying for the product,
you’re the product.</span>”</span> As we’ll see below, that’s true, if incomplete.
But what is <span class="emphasis"><em>absolutely</em></span> true is that ad-driven Big
customize your feed in ways that get you to buy stuff. It is a mind-control
ray out of a 1950s comic book, wielded by mad scientists whose
supercomputers guarantee them perpetual and total world domination.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="what-is-persuasion"></a>What is persuasion?</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="what-is-persuasion"></a>Co to jest przekonywanie?</h2></div></div></div><p>
To understand why you shouldn’t worry about mind-control rays — but why you
<span class="emphasis"><em>should</em></span> worry about surveillance
<span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span> Big Tech — we must start by unpacking what we mean
impressive. Rather than finding ways to bypass our rational faculties,
surveillance capitalists like Mark Zuckerberg mostly do one or more of three
things:
- </p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="segmenting"></a>1. Segmenting</h3></div></div></div><p>
+ </p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="segmenting"></a>1. Segmentacja</h3></div></div></div><p>
If you’re selling diapers, you have better luck if you pitch them to people
in maternity wards. Not everyone who enters or leaves a maternity ward just
had a baby, and not everyone who just had a baby is in the market for
but lacked a vocabulary for discussing that difference learned the right
words from these low-cost means of finding people and learning about their
ideas.
- </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="deception"></a>2. Deception</h3></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="deception"></a>2. Podstęp</h3></div></div></div><p>
Lies and fraud are pernicious, and surveillance capitalism supercharges them
through targeting. If you want to sell a fraudulent payday loan or subprime
mortgage, surveillance capitalism can help you find people who are both
but it’s a problem with a simple remedy. It’s a very different problem from
the anti-vax issue in which someone’s true belief is displaced by a false
one by means of sophisticated persuasion.
- </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="domination"></a>3. Domination</h3></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="domination"></a>3. Dominacja</h3></div></div></div><p>
Surveillance capitalism is the result of monopoly. Monopoly is the cause,
and surveillance capitalism and its negative outcomes are the effects of
monopoly. I’ll get into this in depth later, but for now, suffice it to say
foreclosing on our ability to make up our own minds and determine our own
futures, the impact of dominance far exceeds the impact of manipulation and
should be central to our analysis and any remedies we seek.
- </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="bypassing-our-rational-faculties"></a>4. Bypassing our rational faculties</h3></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="bypassing-our-rational-faculties"></a>4. Omijanie naszych racjonalnych zdolności</h3></div></div></div><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>This</em></span> is the good stuff: using machine learning,
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">dark patterns,</span>”</span> engagement hacking, and other techniques to
get us to do things that run counter to our better judgment. This is mind
The vulnerability of small segments of the population to dramatic, efficient
corporate manipulation is a real concern that’s worthy of our attention and
energy. But it’s not an existential threat to society.
- </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="if-data-is-the-new-oil-then-surveillance-capitalisms-engine-has-a-leak"></a>If data is the new oil, then surveillance capitalism’s engine has a leak</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="if-data-is-the-new-oil-then-surveillance-capitalisms-engine-has-a-leak"></a>Jeśli dane są nowym paliwem, to silnik kapitalistycznych systemów nadzoru ma
+wyciek</h2></div></div></div><p>
This adaptation problem offers an explanation for one of surveillance
capitalism’s most alarming traits: its relentless hunger for data and its
endless expansion of data-gathering capabilities through the spread of
persuasiveness of advertising executives, who are <span class="emphasis"><em>much</em></span>
better at convincing potential clients to buy their services than they are
at convincing the general public to buy their clients’ wares.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="what-is-facebook"></a>What is Facebook?</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="what-is-facebook"></a>Co to jest Facebook?</h2></div></div></div><p>
Facebook is heralded as the origin of all of our modern plagues, and it’s
not hard to see why. Some tech companies want to lock their users in but
make their money by monopolizing access to the market for apps for their
figured out how to make you slog through an endless torrent of arguments
even though they make you miserable, spending so much time on the site that
it eventually shows you at least one ad that you respond to.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="monopoly-and-the-right-to-the-future-tense"></a>Monopoly and the right to the future tense</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="monopoly-and-the-right-to-the-future-tense"></a>Monopol i prawo do czasu przyszłego</h2></div></div></div><p>
Zuboff and her cohort are particularly alarmed at the extent to which
surveillance allows corporations to influence our decisions, taking away
something she poetically calls <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">the right to the future tense</span>”</span>
locks on that phone absolutely determine where you get it serviced, which
apps can run on it, and when you have to throw it away rather than fixing
it.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="search-order-and-the-right-to-the-future-tense"></a>Search order and the right to the future tense</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="search-order-and-the-right-to-the-future-tense"></a>Porządek wyszukiwania i prawo do czasu przyszłego</h2></div></div></div><p>
Markets are posed as a kind of magic: By discovering otherwise hidden
information conveyed by the free choices of consumers, those consumers’
local knowledge is integrated into a self-correcting system that makes
million). Apple’s search-ranking design decisions have a vastly more
significant effect on consumer behaviors than influence campaigns delivered
by surveillance capitalism’s ad-serving bots.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="monopolists-can-afford-sleeping-pills-for-watchdogs"></a>Monopolists can afford sleeping pills for watchdogs</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="monopolists-can-afford-sleeping-pills-for-watchdogs"></a>Monopoliści mogą sobie pozwolić na proszki nasenne dla strażników</h2></div></div></div><p>
Only the most extreme market ideologues think that markets can self-regulate
without state oversight. Markets need watchdogs — regulators, lawmakers, and
other elements of democratic control — to keep them honest. When these
communications, and other critical systems that are accumulating technology
debt in part due to the presence of deliberately insecure and deliberately
unauditable copyright locks — it will indeed pose an existential risk.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="privacy-and-monopoly"></a>Privacy and monopoly</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="privacy-and-monopoly"></a>Prywatność a monopol</h2></div></div></div><p>
Many tech companies are gripped by an orthodoxy that holds that if they just
gather enough data on enough of our activities, everything else is possible
— the mind control and endless profits. This is an unfalsifiable hypothesis:
</p><p>
In other words, while surveillance doesn’t cause monopolies, monopolies
certainly abet surveillance.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="ronald-reagan-pioneer-of-tech-monopolism"></a>Ronald Reagan, pioneer of tech monopolism</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="ronald-reagan-pioneer-of-tech-monopolism"></a>Ronald Reagan, pionier monopolizmu technologicznego</h2></div></div></div><p>
Technology exceptionalism is a sin, whether it’s practiced by technology’s
blind proponents or by its critics. Both of these camps are prone to
explaining away monopolistic concentration by citing some special
environmental toxins</span>”</span>), true believers in unregulated markets have a
whole suite of unconvincing explanations for monopoly in tech that leave
capitalism intact.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="steering-with-the-windshield-wipers"></a>Steering with the windshield wipers</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="steering-with-the-windshield-wipers"></a>Sterowanie za pomocą wycieraczek przedniej szyby</h2></div></div></div><p>
It’s been 40 years since Bork’s project to rehabilitate monopolies achieved
liftoff, and that is a generation and a half, which is plenty of time to
take a common idea and make it seem outlandish and vice versa. Before the
where the control room is. Adrift, the ship is racing toward its extinction,
and unless we can seize the controls and execute emergency course
correction, we’re all headed for a fiery death in the heart of a sun.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="surveillance-still-matters"></a>Surveillance still matters</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="surveillance-still-matters"></a>Systemy nadzoru mają ciągle znaczenie</h2></div></div></div><p>
None of this is to minimize the problems with surveillance. Surveillance
matters, and Big Tech’s use of surveillance <span class="emphasis"><em>is</em></span> an
existential risk to our species, but that’s not because surveillance and
the cops rely on Ring and Neighbors, the harder it will be to pass laws to
curb them. The fewer laws there are against them, the more the cops will
rely on them.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="dignity-and-sanctuary"></a>Dignity and sanctuary</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="dignity-and-sanctuary"></a>Godność i sanktuarium</h2></div></div></div><p>
But even if we could exercise democratic control over our states and force
them to stop raiding surveillance capitalism’s reservoirs of behavioral
data, surveillance capitalism would still harm us.
this, we’d call it <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">sleep deprivation torture,</span>”</span> and it would be
<a class="ulink" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SKpRbvnx6g" target="_top">a war crime under
the Geneva Conventions</a>.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="afflicting-the-afflicted"></a>Afflicting the afflicted</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="afflicting-the-afflicted"></a>Dręczenie udręczonych</h2></div></div></div><p>
The effects of surveillance on our ability to be our authentic selves are
not equal for all people. Some of us are lucky enough to live in a time and
place in which all the most important facts of our lives are widely and
graves with that secret sorrow in their hearts, and the source of that
sorrow will be the falsity of their relationship to you.
</p><p>
- A private realm is necessary for human progress.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="any-data-you-collect-and-retain-will-eventually-leak"></a>Any data you collect and retain will eventually leak</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ Prywatna rzeczywistość jest konieczna dla rozwoju ludzkości.
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="any-data-you-collect-and-retain-will-eventually-leak"></a>Jakiekolwiek dane, które zbierasz i przetwarzasz, kiedyś w końcu wyciekną</h2></div></div></div><p>
The lack of a private life can rob vulnerable people of the chance to be
their authentic selves and constrain our actions by depriving us of
sanctuary, but there is another risk that is borne by everyone, not just
from state surveillance to an epidemic of online crime. Commercial
surveillance is also a boon to people running influence campaigns, but
that’s the least of our troubles.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="critical-tech-exceptionalism-is-still-tech-exceptionalism"></a>Critical tech exceptionalism is still tech exceptionalism</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="critical-tech-exceptionalism-is-still-tech-exceptionalism"></a>Przełomowa wyjątkowość technologiczna jest nadal technologiczną
+wyjątkowością</h2></div></div></div><p>
Big Tech has long practiced technology exceptionalism: the idea that it
should not be subject to the mundane laws and norms of
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">meatspace.</span>”</span> Mottoes like Facebook’s <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">move fast and break
minimum viable security — just enough security to keep the company viable
while it waits to get bought out by a tech giant, an amount calculated to
spend not one penny more than is necessary on protecting data.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="how-monopolies-not-mind-control-drive-surveillance-capitalism-the-snapchat-story"></a>How monopolies, not mind control, drive surveillance capitalism: The
-Snapchat story</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="how-monopolies-not-mind-control-drive-surveillance-capitalism-the-snapchat-story"></a>Jak monopole, a nie kontrola umysłu, sterują kapitalizmen opartym na
+systemach nadzoru: historia Snapchat</h2></div></div></div><p>
For the first decade of its existence, Facebook competed with the social
media giants of the day (Myspace, Orkut, etc.) by presenting itself as the
pro-privacy alternative. Indeed, Facebook justified its walled garden —
surveillance to brainwash them out of it — but they can’t get it because
Facebook’s surveillance lets it destroy any hope of a rival service emerging
that competes on privacy features.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="a-monopoly-over-your-friends"></a>A monopoly over your friends</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="a-monopoly-over-your-friends"></a>Monopol sprawowany nad twoimi przyjaciółmi</h2></div></div></div><p>
A decentralization movement has tried to erode the dominance of Facebook and
other Big Tech companies by fielding <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">indieweb</span>”</span> alternatives —
Mastodon as a Twitter alternative, Diaspora as a Facebook alternative,
how that happened, you have to understand both interoperability and
adversarial interoperability.
</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
- The hard problem of our species is coordination.
+ Trudnym problemem naszego gatunku jest koordynacja.
</p></blockquote></div><p>
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Interoperability</span>”</span> is the ability of two technologies to work
with one another: Anyone can make an LP that will play on any record player,
haven’t left yet, reaching tendrils over Facebook’s garden wall that
Facebook’s trapped users can use to scale the walls and escape to the
global, open web.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="fake-news-is-an-epistemological-crisis"></a>Fake news is an epistemological crisis</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="fake-news-is-an-epistemological-crisis"></a>Fałszywe wiadomości to oznaka kryzysu epistemologicznego</h2></div></div></div><p>
Tech is not the only industry that has undergone massive concentration since
the Reagan era. Virtually every major industry — from oil to newspapers to
meatpacking to sea freight to eyewear to online pornography — has become a
targeted in secret, and by foreclosing on the possibility of going somewhere
else where you might continue to enjoy your friends without subjecting
yourself to commercial surveillance.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="tech-is-different"></a>Tech is different</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="tech-is-different"></a>Technologia jest czymś odmiennym</h2></div></div></div><p>
I reject both iterations of technological exceptionalism. I reject the idea
that tech is uniquely terrible and led by people who are greedier or worse
than the leaders of other industries, and I reject the idea that tech is so
tech. Our best hope of keeping tech free, fair, and open is to exercise
caution in how we regulate tech and to attend closely to the ways in which
interventions to solve one problem might create problems in other domains.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="ownership-of-facts"></a>Ownership of facts</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="ownership-of-facts"></a>Własność faktów</h2></div></div></div><p>
Big Tech has a funny relationship with information. When you’re generating
information — anything from the location data streaming off your mobile
device to the private messages you send to friends on a social network — it
investigating how the platforms are shaping our discourse — all of which
require scraping data that other people have created and subjecting it to
scrutiny and analysis.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="persuasion-works-slowly"></a>Persuasion works… slowly</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="persuasion-works-slowly"></a>Przekonywanie działa… powoli</h2></div></div></div><p>
The platforms may oversell their ability to persuade people, but obviously,
persuasion works sometimes. Whether it’s the private realm that LGBTQ people
used to recruit allies and normalize sexual diversity or the decadeslong
these conditions. Inequality creates the conditions for both conspiracies
and violent racist ideologies, and then surveillance capitalism lets
opportunists target the fearful and the conspiracy-minded.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="paying-wont-help"></a>Paying won’t help</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="paying-wont-help"></a>Płacenie nie pomoże</h2></div></div></div><p>
As the old saw goes, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">If you’re not paying for the product, you’re the
product.</span>”</span>
</p><p>
institutions, they are not your friend — they will do whatever they can get
away with to maximize their profits, and the more monopolistic they are, the
more they <span class="emphasis"><em>can</em></span> get away with.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="an-ecology-moment-for-trustbusting"></a>An <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">ecology</span>”</span> moment for trustbusting</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="an-ecology-moment-for-trustbusting"></a><span class="quote">“<span class="quote"> ekologia</span>”</span> chwila na zerwanie zaufania</h2></div></div></div><p>
If we’re going to break Big Tech’s death grip on our digital lives, we’re
going to have to fight monopolies. That may sound pretty mundane and
old-fashioned, something out of the New Deal era, while ending the use of
political will — until the people convinced politicians they’d have their
backs when they went up against the richest, most powerful men in the world.
</p><p>
- Could we find that political will again?
+ Czy moglibyśmy ponownie znaleźć tę wolę polityczną?
</p><p>
Copyright scholar James Boyle has described how the term
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">ecology</span>”</span> marked a turning point in environmental
choose between a vibrant, open internet or a dominated, monopolized internet
commanded by Big Tech giants that we struggle with constantly to get them to
behave themselves.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="make-big-tech-small-again"></a>Make Big Tech small again</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="make-big-tech-small-again"></a>Spraw, aby 'Big Tech' stała się ponownie 'małą' technologią</h2></div></div></div><p>
Trustbusting is hard. Breaking big companies into smaller ones is expensive
and time-consuming. So time-consuming that by the time you’re done, the
world has often moved on and rendered years of litigation irrelevant. From
thinking of building guillotines and what dirt they can use to discredit
those embryonic guillotine-builders before they can even get to the
lumberyard.
- </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="up-and-through"></a>Up and through</h2></div></div></div><p>
+ </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="up-and-through"></a>W górę i na wylot</h2></div></div></div><p>
With all the problems of Big Tech, it’s tempting to imagine solving the
problem by returning to a world without tech at all. Resist that temptation.
</p><p>