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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale med MPEG LA?</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">10th June 2015</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Helt siden jeg i 2012 fikk beskjed fra MPEG LA om at
  26 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_mener_NRK_m__ha_avtale_med_dem_for___kringkaste_og_publisere_H_264_video.html">NRK
  27 trengte patentavtale med dem</a> hvis de distribuerte H.264-video til
  28 sluttbrukere, har jeg lurt på hva som gjør at NRK ikke har slik
  29 avtale.  For noen dager siden fikk jeg endelig gjort noe med min
  30 undring, og sendte 2015-05-28 følgende epost til info (at) nrk.no med
  31 tittel "Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale
  32 med MPEG LA?":</p>
  33
  34 <p><blockquote>
  35 <p>Jeg lurer på en ting rundt NRKs bruk av H.264-video på sine
  36 websider samt distribusjon via RiksTV og kabel-TV.  Har NRK vurdert om
  37 det er behov for en patentavtale med
  38 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/">MPEG LA</a> slik det står i
  39 programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe
  40 Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X?</p>
  41
  42 <p>Hvis dere har vurdert dette, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering?</p>
  43
  44 <p>Hvis dere ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
  45 for patentavtale?</p>
  46
  47 <p>I følge en artikkel på
  48 <a href="https://nrkbeta.no/2012/02/01/siste-kutt-for-final-cut/">NRK
  49 Beta i 2012</a> har NRK brukt eller testet både Apple Final Cut
  50 Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X til bruk
  51 for å redigere video før sending. Alle disse har bruksvilkår
  52 understøttet av opphavsretten som sier at de kun kan brukes til å lage
  53 filmer til personlig og ikke-kommersiell bruk - med mindre en har en
  54 lisensavtale med MPEG LA om bruk av patenter utstedt i USA for H.264.
  55 Se f.eks. <a href="http://www.avid.com/static/resources/common/documents/corporate/LICENSE.pdf">bruksvilkårene for Avid</a>, <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20000101-264.html">Adobe Premiere</a> og <a href="http://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/finalcutstudio2.pdf">Apple Final
  56 Cut Studio</a> og søk etter "MPEG LA".</p>
  57
  58 <p>Dette får meg til å lure på om det er brudd på opphavsretten å bruke
  59 disse verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene uten patentavtale med MPEG
  60 LA.  Men NRK bruker jo tilsynelatende disse verktøyene uten patentavtale
  61 med MPEG LA.</p>
  62
  63 <p>I følge forfatteren av Open Broadcast Encoder finnes det to typer
  64 H.264-relaterte avtaler en kan få med MPEG LA. Det er én for å lage
  65 programvare og utstyr som produserer H.264-video, og en annen for å
  66 kringkaste video som bruker H.264. Dette forteller meg at selv om
  67 produsentene av utstyr og programvare som NRK bruker har en slik avtale
  68 med MPEG LA, så trenges det en egen avtale for å kringkaste video på det
  69 formatet.</p>
  70
  71 <p>I følge Ryan Rodriguez hos MPEG LA, da jeg spurte ham på epost i
  72 juni 2012, har NRK ikke en slik avtale med MPEG LA. Han sa videre at
  73 NRK trenger en slik avtale hvis NRK tilbyr H.264-kodet video til
  74 sluttbrukere.  Jeg sjekket listen med
  75 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/Licensees.aspx">organisasjoner
  76 med avtale med MPEG LA</a> og NRK står fortsatt ikke der.</p>
  77
  78 <p>Jeg lurer dermed på hva som gjør at NRK kan bruke de overnevnte
  79 videoredigeringsverktøyene, som tilsynelatende har krav om avtale med
  80 MPEG LA for å kunne brukes slik NRK bruker dem, til å lage videofiler
  81 for distribusjon uten å ha en avtale med MPEG LA om distribusjon av
  82 H.264-video?  Dette er spesielt interessant å vite for oss andre som
  83 også vurderer å spre H.264-video etter å ha redigert dem med disse mye
  84 brukte videoredigeringsverktøyene.</p>
  85 </blockquote></p>
  86
  87 <p>Samme dag fikk jeg automatisk svar om at min henvendelse hadde fått
  88 saksid 1294699.  Jeg fikk deretter følgende respons fra NRK
  89 2015-06-09:</p>
  90
  91 <p><blockquote>
  92 <p>Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som kunne
  93 svare på dette.</p>
  94
  95 <p>For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks
  96 NRKs nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike
  97 tjenester uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd
  98 noen patentavtale.</p>
  99
 100 <p><a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a></p>
 101
 102 <p>Med vennlig hilsen
 103 <br>Gunn Helen Berg
 104 <br>Informasjonskonsulent, Publikumsservice</p>
 105
 106 <p>NRK
 107 <br>Strategidivisjonen
 108 <Br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
 109 <br>Post: NRK Publikumsservice, 8608 Mo i Rana
 110 <br>nrk.no / info (at) nrk.no</p>
 111 </blockquote></p>
 112
 113 Da dette ikke helt var svar på det jeg lurte på, sendte jeg samme dag
 114 oppfølgerepost tilbake:
 115
 116 <p><blockquote>
 117 <p>[Gunn Helen Berg]
 118 <br>> Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som
 119 <br>> kunne svare på dette.</p>
 120
 121 <p>Takk for svar.  Men det besvarte ikke helt det jeg spurte om.</p>
 122
 123 <p>> For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs
 124 <br>> nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester
 125 <br>> uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen
 126 <br>> patentavtale.
 127 <br>>
 128 <br>> http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</p>
 129
 130 <p>Spørsmålet er ikke kun om MPEG LA krever patentavtale eller ikke
 131 (hvilket ikke helt besvares av pressemeldingen omtalt over, gitt at
 132 pressemeldingen kom i 2010, to år før MPEG LA ansvarlige for
 133 internasjonal lisensiering egen Ryan Rodriguez fortalte meg på epost
 134 at NRK trenger en lisens.</p>
 135
 136 <p>Det er uklart fra pressemeldingen hva "Internet Broadcast AVC
 137 Video" konkret betyr, men i følge en
 138 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">presentasjon
 139 fra MPEG LA med tema "AVC PAtent Portfoli License Briefing" datert
 140 2015-05-15</a> gjelder "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" kun kringkasting
 141 på Internet som ikke tilbyr valg av enkeltinnslag ("not
 142 title-by-title"), hvilket jo NRK gjør på sine nettsider.  I tillegg
 143 kringkaster jo NRK H.264-video også utenom Internet (RiksTV, kabel,
 144 satelitt), hvilket helt klart ikke er dekket av vilkårene omtalt i
 145 pressemeldingen.</p>
 146
 147 <p>Spørsmålet mitt er hvordan NRK kan bruke verktøy med bruksvilkår
 148 som krever avtale med MPEG LA for det NRK bruker dem til, når NRK ikke
 149 har avtale med MPEG LA.  Hvis jeg forsto spørsmålet riktig, så mener
 150 NRK at dere ikke trenger avtale med MPEG LA, men uten slik avtale kan
 151 dere vel ikke bruke hverken Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere
 152 Pro, Avid eller Apples Final Cut Pro X for å redigere video før
 153 sending?</p>
 154
 155 <p>Mine konkrete spørsmål var altså:</p>
 156
 157 <ul>
 158
 159 <li>Hvis NRK har vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA
 160    slik det er krav om i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple
 161    Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X,
 162    hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering? Kan jeg få kopi av vurderingen
 163    hvis den er gjort skriftlig?</li>
 164
 165 <li>Hvis NRK ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
 166    for patentavtale?</li>
 167
 168 <li>Hva slags saksnummer fikk min henvendelse i NRKs offentlige
 169    postjournal?  Jeg ser at postjournalen ikke er publisert for den
 170    aktuelle perioden ennå, så jeg fikk ikke sjekket selv.</li>
 171
 172 </ul>
 173 </blockquote></p>
 174
 175 <p>Det hjelper å ha funnet rette vedkommende i NRK, for denne gangen
 176 fikk jeg svar tilbake dagen etter (2015-06-10), fra Geir Børdalen i
 177 NRK:</p>
 178
 179 <p><blockquote>
 180 <p>Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
 181
 182 <p>Jeg har sjekket saken med distribusjonssjef for tv, Arild Hellgren
 183 (som var teknologidirektør da bakkenettet ble satt opp). NRK v/
 184 Hellgren hadde møte med MPEG LA sammen med den europeiske
 185 kringkastingsunionen EBU før bakkenettet for TV ble satt opp
 186 (igangsatt høsten 2007). I dette møtet ble det avklart at NRK/EBU ikke
 187 trengte noen patentavtale for h.264 i forbindelse med oppsett av
 188 bakkenettet eller bruk av MPEG4 h.264 som kompresjonsalgoritme fordi
 189 tjenesten «in full»(nor: helt) var betalt av utsendelseselskapene og
 190 ikke av forbrukerne.</p>
 191
 192 <p><a href="http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555">http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555</a></p>
 193
 194 <p>Det er også klart slått fast at selskaper som leverer video basert
 195 på MPEG4 h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett, heller ikke påkrevd noen
 196 patentavtale – så lenge de leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra
 197 sluttbrukere.</p>
 198
 199 <a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a>
 200
 201 <p>“MPEG LA announced today that its AVC Patent Portfolio License will
 202 continue not to charge royalties for Internet Video that is free to
 203 end users (known as “Internet Broadcast AVC Video”) during the entire
 204 life of this License. MPEG LA previously announced it would not charge
 205 royalties for such video through December 31, 2015 (see
 206 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf</a>),
 207 and today’s announcement makes clear that royalties will continue not
 208 to be charged for such video beyond that time. Products and services
 209 other than Internet Broadcast AVC Video continue to be
 210 royalty-bearing.”</p>
 211
 212 <p>Vi har derfor ikke noe behov for å vurdere noen patentavtale med
 213 MPEG LA.</p>
 214
 215 <p>Understreker for øvrig at NRK ikke er låst til MPEG4 – h.264 som
 216 utsendelsesformat – og at vi har brukt og bruker flere andre
 217 alternativer i våre tjenester. Ulike «devicer» har ofte behov for
 218 forskjellige løsninger – og NRK har forsøkt å levere med best mulig
 219 kvalitet /økonomi /stabilitet avhengig av
 220 plattform. Produksjonsformater i NRK spenner for øvrig over en rekke
 221 forskjellige formater – hvor MPEG4 bare er en av disse. Når NRK kjøper
 222 teknisk utstyr er betaling for kodekstøtte ofte en del av
 223 anskaffelsesprisen for denne maskinvaren (enten dette er spesialiserte
 224 enkodere eller forskjellige typer produksjonsutstyr).</p>
 225
 226 <p>Vennlig hilsen
 227 <br>Geir Børdalen</p>
 228
 229 <p>________________________________________
 230 <br>Geir Børdalen
 231 <br>Investeringsansvarlig NRK / Hovedprosjektleder - Origo
 232 <br>Avdeling for utvikling, innovasjon, investering og eiendom
 233 <br>NRK medietjenester
 234 <br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
 235 <br>Post: NRK, AUTV (RBM5), Pb. 8500 Majorstuen, 0340 Oslo
 236 <br>nrk.no
 237 </blockquote></p>
 238
 239 <p>Et godt og grundig svar, som var informativt om hvordan NRK tenker
 240 rundt patentavtale med MPEG LA, men heller ikke helt besvarte det jeg
 241 lurte på, så jeg sendte epostoppfølging samme dag.</p>
 242
 243 <p><blockquote>
 244 <p>[Geir Børdalen]
 245 <br>> Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
 246
 247 <p>Hei, og takk for raskt svar.  Er min henvendelse journalført slik
 248 at den dukker opp i NRKs postjournal?</p>
 249
 250 <p>Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du skriver
 251 at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via bakkenettet
 252 gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.  Hvilke saksnummer fikk dokumenter
 253 som ble opprettet i forbindelse med det omtalte møtet NRK v/Hellgren
 254 og EBU hadde med MPEG LA (dvs. referater, avtaler, etc),
 255 f.eks. dokumentet der formuleringen "in full" som du omtaler
 256 finnes?<p>
 257
 258 <p>Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  Det ene er
 259 hvorfor NRKs forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" dekker
 260 ser ut til å avvike fra det som presenteres i
 261 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">lysark
 262 fra MPEG LA</a> i mai, der MPEG LA på lysark med overskriften
 263 "AVC/H.264 License Terms Participation Fees" og undertittel "Where
 264 remuneration is from other sources" skriver "Internet Broadcast AVC
 265 Video (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty for life of
 266 the AVC Patent Portfolio License".</p>
 267
 268 <p>Her leser jeg MPEG LA dithen at det kun er kringkasting uten
 269 abonnement via Internet som er dekket at vilkårne omtalt i
 270 pressemeldingen, mens jeg forstår deg dithen at NRK mener NRKs
 271 nettsider som også har enkeltfilmer og innslag (som jeg forstår dekket
 272 av formuleringen "title-by-title") dekkes av "Internet Broadcast AVC
 273 Video" fra MPEG LA.  Hva baserer dere denne tolkningen på?  Jeg har
 274 ikke sett noe skriftlig fra MPEG LA som støtter NRKs tolkning, og
 275 lurer på om dere har andre kilder enn den pressemeldingen fra 5 år
 276 tilbake, der NRKS forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video"
 277 dekker er beskrevet?</p>
 278
 279 <p>Det andre er at eposten din ikke nevnte spørsmålet mitt om
 280 bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene som NRK bruker.  Disse
 281 har som tidligere nevnt krav om at de kun skal brukes til private og
 282 ikke-kommersielle formål med mindre en har avtale med MPEG LA, og uten
 283 avtale med MPEG LA kan det jo virke som om NRK bruker verktøyene i
 284 strid med bruksvilkårene.  Hva gjør at disse bruksvilkårene ikke
 285 gjelder for NRK?</p>
 286 </blockquote></p>
 287
 288 <p>Noen minutter senere får jeg foreløpig siste svar i
 289 føljetongen:</p>
 290
 291 <p><blockquote>
 292 <p>Hei igjen</p>
 293
 294 <p>Vårt dokumentarkiv har fått en kopi (journalføringsnr kan jeg
 295 dessverre ikke gi deg).<p>
 296
 297 <p>> Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du
 298 <br>> skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via
 299 <br>> bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.</p>
 300
 301 <p>Svar: Kan ikke svare for andre enn for NRK/EBU - og for bakkenettet
 302 i Norge er det kun NRK som er et lisensbasert selskap. Kan ikke gi noe
 303 svar på saksnr på dokumenter eller ytterligere informasjon da jeg selv
 304 ikke var del i dette.</p>
 305
 306 <p>> Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  ...</p>
 307
 308 <p>Svar: Kan ikke gå ytterligere inn i dette fra min side og mitt
 309 fagfelt som er produksjon/publisering og systemstrukturene bak
 310 disse. For øvrig ligger det etter vår formening ingen begrensninger
 311 for NRK i mulighetene til publisering mht til kodek i
 312 produksjonssystemer. Som tidligere skrevet mener vi at NRK ikke
 313 trenger noen avtale med MPEG LA og støtter oss til det vi allerede har
 314 kommunisert i forrige epost.</p>
 315
 316 <p>Mvh
 317 <br>Geir Børdalen</p>
 318 </blockquote></p>
 319
 320 <p>Det syntes vanskelig å komme videre når NRK ikke ønsker å gå inn i
 321 problemstillingen rundt bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene
 322 NRK bruker, så jeg sendte takk for svarene og avsluttet utvekslingen
 323 så langt:</p>
 324
 325 <p><blockquote>
 326 <p>Tusen takk for rask respons, og oppklarende forklaring om hvordan
 327 NRK tenker rundt MPEG LA.</p>
 328
 329 <p>Jeg vil høre med NRK-arkivet for å se om de kan spore opp de
 330 omtalte dokumentene.  Jeg setter pris på om du kan dele titler, dato
 331 eller annen informasjon som kan gjøre det enklere for arkivet å finne
 332 dem.</p>
 333
 334 <p>Når det gjelder hvordan bruksvilkårene til
 335 videoredigeringsverktøyene skal tolkes, så skal jeg høre med MPEG LA
 336 og produsentene av verktøyene for å forsøke å få klarhet i hva de
 337 mener er rikgig rettstilstand.</p>
 338 </blockquote></p>
 339
 340 <p>Jeg ble litt klokere, men fortsatt er det uklart for meg hva som er
 341 grunnlaget til NRK for å se bort fra bruksvilkår i
 342 videoredigeringsprogramvare som krever MPEG LA-avtale til alt annet
 343 enn privat og ikke-kommersiell bruk.</p>
 344 </div>
 345       <div class="tags">
 346
 347
 348         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
 349
 350
 351       </div>
 352     </div>
 353     <div class="padding"></div>
 354
 355     <div class="entry">
 356       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">Blir det virkelig krav om fingeravtrykk i nasjonale ID-kort?</a></div>
 357       <div class="date">12th May 2015</div>
 358       <div class="body"><p>Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å
 359 kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å
 360 fungere i samfunnet.  Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for
 361 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">min
 362 påstand i forrige bloggpost</a> om at det nå blir krav om å avgi
 363 fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge.  De som
 364 spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt.  Her er en liten
 365 oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på.  Det sies ikke direkte i
 366 hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser
 367 på indirekte formuleringer.</p>
 368
 369 <p>I
 370 <a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/prop.-66-l-2014-2015/id2399703/">stortingsproposisjon
 371 66</a>, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger)
 372 står det<p>
 373
 374 <p><blockquote>
 375
 376   <p>Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal
 377   kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale
 378   ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor
 379   utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det
 380   til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens
 381   identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk
 382   personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to
 383   fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk
 384   i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale
 385   standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet
 386   på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.</p>
 387
 388   <p>[...]</p>
 389
 390   <p>For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av
 391   nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere
 392   utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet
 393   til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene
 394   forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk
 395   opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.</p>
 396 </blockquote></p>
 397
 398 <p>Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal
 399 opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.  Det skrives som om det
 400 blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i
 401 loven sier at det kan
 402 «<a href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1997-06-19-82#§6">innhentes
 403 og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto
 404 og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)</a>».  Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i
 405 passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass
 406 i Norge.  Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens
 407 hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha
 408 samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass.  Departementet foreslår altså at
 409 ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.</p>
 410
 411 <p>Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i
 412 <a href="https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Publikasjoner/Innstillinger/Stortinget/2014-2015/inns-201415-243/?lvl=0">innstillingen
 413 fra stortingskomiteen</a>, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene
 414 vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som
 415 vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som
 416 legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme
 417 sikkerhetsnivå som passet».  Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer
 418 eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken
 419 ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig
 420 komité var glad for resultatet.  Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt
 421 og fullt bak departementets forslag.</p>
 422
 423 <p>For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like
 424 pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet
 425 som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet
 426 forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at
 427 fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene
 428 i passene».  Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme
 429 tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli
 430 viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.</p>
 431
 432 <p>Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra
 433 befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal
 434 tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få
 435 bankkonto eller stemme ved valg.  Det kunne få departementet til å
 436 snu.  Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.</p>
 437 </div>
 438       <div class="tags">
 439
 440
 441         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 442
 443
 444       </div>
 445     </div>
 446     <div class="padding"></div>
 447
 448     <div class="entry">
 449       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">Norwegian citizens now required by law to give their fingerprint to the police</a></div>
 450       <div class="date">10th May 2015</div>
 451       <div class="body"><p>5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all
 452 citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something
 453 criminal or not, are
 454 <a href="https://www.holderdeord.no/votes/1430838871e">required to
 455 give fingerprints to the police</a> (vote details from Holder de
 456 ord).  The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few
 457 years there will be no option any more.  The ID will be required to
 458 vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the
 459 post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license
 460 and many other tasks required to function in Norway.  The banks plan
 461 to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new
 462 national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to
 463 change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards.
 464 In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will
 465 be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to
 466 the police.</p>
 467
 468 <p>In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which
 469 promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in
 470 time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the
 471 fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of
 472 the face and other information about the person.  Some of the
 473 information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same
 474 system as currently used in the passports.  The codes to decrypt will
 475 be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around
 476 the globe, but for those that do not know anyone in those circles it
 477 is good to know that
 478 <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/nov/17/news.homeaffairs">the
 479 encryption is already broken</a>.  And they
 480 <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/article/2215057/wireless/bad-guys-could-read-rfid-passports-at-217-feet--maybe-a-lot-more.html">can
 481 be read from 70 meters away</a>.  This can be mitigated a bit by
 482 keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but
 483 one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose
 484 ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no
 485 business getting access to that information.</p>
 486
 487 <p>The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft,
 488 and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion
 489 of privacy without any objections.  So are the Norwegian passports,
 490 but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far.
 491 That option is going away with the passing of the new law.  In this, I
 492 envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric
 493 information is stored in their national ID.</p>
 494
 495 <p>And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the
 496 information collected in the national ID card register can be handed
 497 over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, "when
 498 extradition is not considered disproportionate".</p>
 499
 500 <p>Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament
 501 really could make such decision, I wrote
 502 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">a
 503 summary of the sources I have</a> for concluding the way I do
 504 (Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).</p>
 505 </div>
 506       <div class="tags">
 507
 508
 509         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 510
 511
 512       </div>
 513     </div>
 514     <div class="padding"></div>
 515
 516     <div class="entry">
 517       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html">What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway?</a></div>
 518       <div class="date"> 1st May 2015</div>
 519       <div class="body"><p>Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost
 520 to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the
 521 cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a
 522 year.  I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look
 523 like today.  To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is
 524 needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in
 525 Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.</p>
 526
 527 <p>The 2005 numbers are from
 528 <a href="http://www.digi.no/analyser/2005/10/04/vi-prater-stadig-mindre-i-roret">digi.no</a>,
 529 the 2012 numbers are from
 530 <a href="http://www.nkom.no/aktuelt/nyheter/fortsatt-vekst-i-det-norske-ekommarkedet">a
 531 NKOM report</a>, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via
 532 email.  I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th,
 533 and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very
 534 different from the numbers from 2013.</p>
 535
 536 <p>The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted
 537 quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is
 538 enough.  See for example a
 539 <a href="http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/7934-bwidth-consume.html#topic1">summary
 540 on voice quality from Cisco</a> for some alternatives.  8 Kbit/s is 60
 541 Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes
 542 to get the storage requirements.</p>
 543
 544 <p>Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies,
 545 availability requirements etc.  But a simple way to calculate can be
 546 to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double
 547 it to take space, power and redundancy into account.  It could be much
 548 higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.</p>
 549
 550 <p>But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone
 551 calls in Norway?  Not much.  Here is a small table showing the
 552 estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium
 553 and large organisations:</p>
 554
 555 <table border="1">
 556 <tr><th>Year</th><th>Call minutes</th><th>Size</th><th>Price in NOK / EUR</th></tr>
 557 <tr><td>2005</td><td align="right">24 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.3 PiB</td><td align="right">3 mill / 358 000</td></tr>
 558 <tr><td>2012</td><td align="right">18 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.0 PiB</td><td align="right">2.2 mill / 262 000</td></tr>
 559 <tr><td>2013</td><td align="right">17 000 000 000</td><td align="right">950 TiB</td><td align="right">2.1 mill / 250 000</td></tr>
 560 </table>
 561
 562 <p>This is the cost of buying the storage.  Maintenance need to be
 563 taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise
 564 for the reader.  But it is obvious to me from those numbers that
 565 recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be
 566 stopped because it is too expensive.  I wonder if someone already is
 567 collecting the data?</p>
 568 </div>
 569       <div class="tags">
 570
 571
 572         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 573
 574
 575       </div>
 576     </div>
 577     <div class="padding"></div>
 578
 579     <div class="entry">
 580       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html">First Jessie based Debian Edu beta release</a></div>
 581       <div class="date">26th April 2015</div>
 582       <div class="body"><p>I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out
 583 <a href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html">this
 584 announcement today</a>:</p>
 585
 586 <pre>
 587 the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first
 588 *beta* release of Debian Edu "Jessie" 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first
 589 time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable
 590 release, Debian 8 "Jessie".
 591
 592 (As most reading this will know, Debian "Jessie" hasn't actually been
 593 released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish
 594 later today ;)
 595
 596 We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu "Jessie" in the coming
 597 weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades
 598 from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will
 599 be possible and encouraged!
 600
 601 Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit
 602 bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs
 603
 604 Debian Edu - sometimes also known as "Skolelinux" - is a complete
 605 operating system for schools, universities and other
 606 organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles
 607 administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which
 608 will work in harmony on the school network.  With Debian Edu, the
 609 teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a
 610 complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or
 611 days.
 612
 613 Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the
 614 world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come
 615 with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian
 616 archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach.
 617
 618 For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and
 619 installation instructions are available, including detailed
 620 instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting
 621 up a network or adding users.  Please note that the password for the
 622 user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at
 623 least 5 characters!
 624
 625 == Where to download ==
 626
 627 A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting
 628 can be downloaded at the following locations:
 629
 630     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso
 631     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso .
 632
 633 The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a
 634
 635 Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also
 636 available, with more software included (saving additional download
 637 time):
 638
 639     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 640     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 641
 642 The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636
 643
 644 Sources are available from the Debian archive, see
 645 http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download
 646 options.
 647
 648 == Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages ==
 649
 650 Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for
 651 the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual.
 652
 653 This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian,
 654 Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists
 655 for Spanish.  See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for
 656 online version of the translated manual.
 657
 658 More information about Debian 8 "Jessie" itself is provided in the
 659 release notes and the installation manual:
 660 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes
 661 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual
 662
 663
 664 == Errata / known problems ==
 665
 666     It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via
 667     DHCP (#780461).
 668
 669     The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087).
 670
 671 Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the
 672 hostname immediately.
 673
 674 Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly
 675 more current and complete list.
 676
 677 == Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 ==
 678
 679 === Software updates ===
 680
 681 Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.:
 682
 683  * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for
 684    i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like
 685    Intel Pentium and AMD K5).
 686
 687  * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14,
 688    Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6
 689    * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8
 690    * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of
 691      the others see the manual.
 692  * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41
 693  * LibreOffice 4.3.3
 694  * GOsa 2.7.4
 695  * LTSP 5.5.4
 696  * CUPS print system 1.7.5
 697  * new boot framework: systemd
 698  * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
 699  * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
 700  * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14
 701  * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1
 702  * golearn 0.9
 703  * tuxpaint 0.9.22
 704  * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie.
 705  * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation.
 706  * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release
 707    notes and the installation manual, see the link above.
 708
 709 === Installation changes ===
 710
 711     Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically
 712     for the hardware present.
 713
 714 === Fixed bugs ===
 715
 716 A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable
 717 from a user perspective:
 718
 719  * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break
 720    DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect
 721    information is corrected (710362)
 722
 723  * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608).
 724
 725 === Sugar desktop removed ===
 726
 727 As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not
 728 available in Debian Edu jessie.
 729
 730
 731 == About Debian Edu / Skolelinux ==
 732
 733 Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on
 734 Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely
 735 configured school network. Directly after installation a school server
 736 running all services needed for a school network is set up just
 737 waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable
 738 Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after
 739 initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other
 740 machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server
 741 provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service,
 742 centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other
 743 services.  The desktop contains more than 60 educational software
 744 packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools
 745 can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop
 746 environment.
 747
 748 == About Debian ==
 749
 750 The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly
 751 free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of
 752 the largest and most influential open source projects. Thousands of
 753 volunteers from all over the world work together to create and
 754 maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a
 755 huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal
 756 operating system.
 757
 758 == Thanks ==
 759
 760 Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen!
 761 You rock.
 762 </pre>
 763 </div>
 764       <div class="tags">
 765
 766
 767         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 768
 769
 770       </div>
 771     </div>
 772     <div class="padding"></div>
 773
 774     <div class="entry">
 775       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html">Debian Edu interview: Shirish Agarwal</a></div>
 776       <div class="date">15th April 2015</div>
 777       <div class="body"><p>It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete
 778 computer system for schools I've involved in,
 779 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a>, was
 780 being used in India.  But apparently it is, and I managed to get an
 781 interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish
 782 Agarwal.</p>
 783
 784 <p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p>
 785
 786 <p>My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and
 787 historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India.
 788 My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips,
 789 installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different
 790 fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with
 791 few software start-ups as well.</p>
 792
 793 <p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 794 project?</strong></p>
 795
 796 <p>It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few
 797 years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was
 798 anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free
 799 educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many
 800 nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as
 801 it was known then.  Since then I have started using the various
 802 education meta-packages provided by the project.</p>
 803
 804 <p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 805 Edu?</strong></p>
 806
 807 <p>It's closest I have seen where a package full of educational
 808 software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and
 809 figuratively).  Even if I take the simplest software which is
 810 gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of
 811 the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even
 812 pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered
 813 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781841">#781841</a> and
 814 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781842">#781842</a>.</p>
 815
 816 <p>I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions,
 817 as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the
 818 possibility of a larger life span.  Of course with both it's more a
 819 question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both
 820 for the developer per-se.</p>
 821
 822 <p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 823 Edu?</strong></p>
 824
 825 <p>I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I
 826 think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take
 827 help from people and the larger community wherever possible.</p>
 828
 829 <p>I don't see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact
 830 that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it.
 831 However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is
 832 pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done
 833 but for reasons not known not done or if done I don't know about them.
 834 Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but
 835 still) I have had for a long time :</p>
 836
 837 <p>1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions
 838 each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how
 839 far would each travel and similar questions like these.
 840
 841 <p>The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can
 842 be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in
 843 interactive manner. While sites such as the
 844 <a href="http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.two.trains.html">Ask
 845 Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem</a> (as an example or point of
 846 inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done.  I dunno
 847 if there is a free software which does something like this.  The idea
 848 being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does
 849 this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or
 850 colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question
 851 or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour.
 852 This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how
 853 the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started,
 854 psychics and everything in-between.</p>
 855
 856 <p>One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on
 857 one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they
 858 meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could
 859 also be used.</p>
 860
 861 <p>2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have
 862 enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary.  I don't think it
 863 should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and
 864 sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&A single word answers
 865 from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be
 866 the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on
 867 the user's input.</p>
 868
 869 <p>3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called
 870 palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What
 871 needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and
 872 copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into
 873 nature, history etc.  and let it loose. This could turn to be really
 874 huge collection of images. One source could be taken from
 875 commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free
 876 stock photos. Potential is immense.</p>
 877
 878 <p>Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag
 879 both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a
 880 lot.  This is more so in educational software as these applications
 881 need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is
 882 immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and
 883 maintenance of such software I don't see any big difficulties. I know
 884 of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and
 885 maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.</p>
 886
 887 <p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p>
 888
 889 <p>That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt,
 890 aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays),
 891 quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly
 892 between kpat and Aiselriot.  In desktops it's a tie between
 893 gnome-flashback and mate.</p>
 894
 895 <p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
 896 get schools to use free software?</strong></p>
 897
 898 <p>I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in
 899 whatever environment they are. If it's MS-Windows or Mac so be it.
 900 Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the
 901 school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the
 902 people now understand the concept of a repository because of the
 903 various online stores so it isn't hard to convince on that front.</p>
 904
 905 <p>What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and
 906 passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers
 907 then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as
 908 well.</p>
 909
 910 <p>I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For
 911 instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but
 912 there isn't even a page where all those different fonts in the La
 913 Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.</p>
 914
 915 <p>One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates
 916 and upgrades.  People have this myth that each update and upgrade
 917 means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this
 918 innumerable times.  That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers
 919 like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because
 920 it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that
 921 changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with
 922 the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS
 923 releases.</p>
 924
 925 <p>The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest
 926 is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu
 927 is aimed at.
 928
 929 <p>Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for
 930 around 2 years, and
 931 <a href="https://flossexperiences.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/sharings/">gathered
 932 some experience</a> there.  Some of the things we learnt/discovered
 933 there was :</p>
 934
 935 <ol>
 936
 937   <li>Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects
 938    and they do not want you to teach anything out of the
 939    portion/syllabus given.</li>
 940
 941   <li>They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever
 942    is in the syllabus.</li>
 943
 944   <li>There are huge barriers both with the English language and at
 945    times with objects or whatever. An example, let's say in gcompris
 946    you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let's
 947    say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be
 948    as recognizable as say a
 949    <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi">Puneri
 950    Pagdi</a> so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever
 951    possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words
 952    which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in
 953    parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or
 954    something but that is something for upstream to do.</li>
 955
 956 </ol>
 957 </div>
 958       <div class="tags">
 959
 960
 961         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju</a>.
 962
 963
 964       </div>
 965     </div>
 966     <div class="padding"></div>
 967
 968     <div class="entry">
 969       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html">I'm going to the Open Source Developers' Conference Nordic 2015!</a></div>
 970       <div class="date"> 7th April 2015</div>
 971       <div class="body"><p>I am happy to let you all know that I'm going to the <a
 972 href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/">Open Source Developers'
 973 Conference Nordic 2015</a>!</p>
 974
 975 <p>It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to
 976 where I work, and I finally got around to submitting
 977 <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talk/6192">a talk proposal for
 978 it</a> (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted).  As
 979 part of my involvement with the
 980 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group member
 981 association</a> I have been slightly involved in the planning of this
 982 conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking
 983 Hackathon with our friends
 984 over at <a href="http://www.mysociety.org/">mySociety</a> and
 985 <a href="http://www.holderdeord.no/">Holder de ord</a>.  This part is
 986 named the 'My Society' track in the program.  There is still space for
 987 more talks and participants.  I hope to see you there.</p>
 988
 989 <p>Check out <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talks">the talks
 990 submitted and accepted so far</a>.</p>
 991 </div>
 992       <div class="tags">
 993
 994
 995         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
 996
 997
 998       </div>
 999     </div>
1000     <div class="padding"></div>
1001
1002     <div class="entry">
1003       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html">Proof reading the Norwegian translation of Free Culture by Lessig</a></div>
1004       <div class="date"> 4th April 2015</div>
1005       <div class="body"><p>During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian
1006 <a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> version of the 2004 book
1007 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> by Lawrence Lessig.
1008 At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos,
1009 inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should.
1010 I'm more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to
1011 check the text up to chapter 13.  The current status is available on the
1012 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
1013 project pages.  You can also check out the
1014 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.pdf?raw=true">PDF</a>,
1015 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.epub?raw=true">EPUB</a>
1016 and HTML version available in the
1017 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/tree/master/archive">archive
1018 directory</a>.</p>
1019
1020 <p>Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if
1021 you find any.</p>
1022 </div>
1023       <div class="tags">
1024
1025
1026         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
1027
1028
1029       </div>
1030     </div>
1031     <div class="padding"></div>
1032
1033     <div class="entry">
1034       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Frikanalen__Norwegian_TV_channel_for_technical_topics.html">Frikanalen, Norwegian TV channel for technical topics</a></div>
1035       <div class="date"> 9th March 2015</div>
1036       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group</a>,
1037 where I am a member, and where people interested in free software,
1038 open standards and UNIX like operating systems like Linux and the BSDs
1039 come together, record our monthly technical presentations on video.
1040 The purpose is to document the talks and spread them to a wider
1041 audience.  For this, the the Norwegian nationwide open channel
1042 <a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a> is a useful venue.
1043 Since a few days ago, when I figured out the
1044 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/api/">REST API</a> to program the
1045 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/guide/">channel time schedule</a>,
1046 the channel has been filled with NUUG talks, related recordings and
1047 some Creative Commons licensed TED talks (from archive.org).  I fill
1048 all "leftover bits" on the channel with content from NUUG, which at
1049 the moment is almost 17 of 24 hours every day.</p>
1050
1051 <p>The list of NUUG videos
1052 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/organization/82">uploaded so far</a>
1053 include things like a
1054 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/625090">one hour talk by John
1055 Perry Barlow when he visited Oslo</a>, a presentation of
1056 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624275">Haiku, the BeOS
1057 re-implementation</a>, the
1058 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624493">history of FiksGataMi,
1059 the Norwegian version of FixMyStreet</a>, the good old
1060 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/623566">Warriors of the net
1061 video</A> and many others.</p>
1062
1063 <p>We have a large backlog of NUUG talks not yet uploaded to
1064 Frikanalen, and plan to upload every useful bit to the channel to
1065 spread the word there.  I also hope to find useful recordings from the
1066 Chaos Computer Club and Debian conferences and spread them on the
1067 channel as well.  But this require locating the videos and their meta
1068 information (title, description, license, etc), and preparing the
1069 recordings for broadcast, and I have not yet had the spare time to
1070 focus on this.  Perhaps you want to help.  Please join us on IRC,
1071 <a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23nuug">#nuug on irc.freenode.net</a>
1072 if you want to help make this happen.</p>
1073
1074 <p>But as I said, already the channel is already almost exclusively
1075 filled with technical topics, and if you want to learn something new
1076 today, check out the <a href="http://www.frikanalen.tv/se">Ogg Theora
1077 web stream</a> or use one of the other ways to get access to the
1078 channel.  Unfortunately the Ogg Theora recoding for distribution still
1079 do not properly sync the video and sound.  It is generated by recoding
1080 a internal MPEG transport stream with MPEG4 coded video (ie H.264) to
1081 Ogg Theora / Vorbis, and we have not been able to find a way that
1082 produces acceptable quality.  Help needed, please get in touch if you
1083 know how to fix it using free software.</p>
1084 </div>
1085       <div class="tags">
1086
1087
1088         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
1089
1090
1091       </div>
1092     </div>
1093     <div class="padding"></div>
1094
1095     <div class="entry">
1096       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Citizenfour_documentary_on_the_Snowden_confirmations_to_Norway.html">The Citizenfour documentary on the Snowden confirmations to Norway</a></div>
1097       <div class="date">28th February 2015</div>
1098       <div class="body"><p>Today I was happy to learn that the documentary
1099 <a href="https://citizenfourfilm.com/">Citizenfour</a> by
1100 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Poitras">Laura Poitras</a>
1101 finally will show up in Norway.  According to the magazine
1102 <a href="http://montages.no/">Montages</a>, a deal has finally been
1103 made for
1104 <a href="http://montages.no/nyheter/snowden-dokumentaren-citizenfour-far-norsk-kinodistribusjon/">Cinema
1105 distribution in Norway</a> and the movie will have its premiere soon.
1106 This is great news.  As part of my involvement with
1107 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">the Norwegian Unix User Group</a>, me and
1108 a friend have
1109 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/Dokumentar_om_Snowdenbekreftelsene_til_Norge_.shtml">tried
1110 to get the movie to Norway</a> ourselves, but obviously
1111 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/Dokumentar_om_Snowdenbekreftelsene_endelig_til_Norge_.shtml">we
1112 were too late</a> and Tor Fosse beat us to it.  I am happy he did, as
1113 the movie will make its way to the public and we do not have to make
1114 it happen ourselves.
1115 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiGwAvd5mvM">The trailer</a>
1116 can be seen on youtube, if you are curious what kind of film this
1117 is.</p>
1118
1119 <p>The whistle blower Edward Snowden really deserve political asylum
1120 here in Norway, but I am afraid he would not be safe.</p>
1121 </div>
1122       <div class="tags">
1123
1124
1125         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
1126
1127
1128       </div>
1129     </div>
1130     <div class="padding"></div>
1131
1132     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1133     <div id="sidebar">
1134
1135
1136
1137 <h2>Archive</h2>
1138 <ul>
1139
1140 <li>2015
1141 <ul>
1142
1143 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1144
1145 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1146
1147 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
1148
1149 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
1150
1151 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1152
1153 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (1)</a></li>
1154
1155 </ul></li>
1156
1157 <li>2014
1158 <ul>
1159
1160 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1161
1162 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1163
1164 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
1165
1166 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1167
1168 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
1169
1170 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1171
1172 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1173
1174 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1175
1176 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1177
1178 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
1179
1180 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1181
1182 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1183
1184 </ul></li>
1185
1186 <li>2013
1187 <ul>
1188
1189 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1190
1191 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
1192
1193 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
1194
1195 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
1196
1197 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1198
1199 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
1200
1201 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1202
1203 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1204
1205 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1206
1207 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
1208
1209 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
1210
1211 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1212
1213 </ul></li>
1214
1215 <li>2012
1216 <ul>
1217
1218 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1219
1220 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1221
1222 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1223
1224 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1225
1226 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1227
1228 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1229
1230 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1231
1232 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1233
1234 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1235
1236 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1237
1238 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1239
1240 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1241
1242 </ul></li>
1243
1244 <li>2011
1245 <ul>
1246
1247 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1248
1249 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1250
1251 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1252
1253 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1254
1255 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1256
1257 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1258
1259 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1260
1261 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1262
1263 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1264
1265 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1266
1267 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1268
1269 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1270
1271 </ul></li>
1272
1273 <li>2010
1274 <ul>
1275
1276 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1277
1278 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1279
1280 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1281
1282 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1283
1284 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1285
1286 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1287
1288 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1289
1290 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1291
1292 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1293
1294 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1295
1296 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1297
1298 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1299
1300 </ul></li>
1301
1302 <li>2009
1303 <ul>
1304
1305 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1306
1307 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1308
1309 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1310
1311 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1312
1313 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1314
1315 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1316
1317 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1318
1319 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1320
1321 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1322
1323 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1324
1325 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1326
1327 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1328
1329 </ul></li>
1330
1331 <li>2008
1332 <ul>
1333
1334 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1335
1336 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1337
1338 </ul></li>
1339
1340 </ul>
1341
1342
1343
1344 <h2>Tags</h2>
1345 <ul>
1346
1347  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1348
1349  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1350
1351  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1352
1353  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1354
1355  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
1356
1357  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (15)</a></li>
1358
1359  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1360
1361  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1362
1363  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (109)</a></li>
1364
1365  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
1366
1367  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1368
1369  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
1370
1371  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (13)</a></li>
1372
1373  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1374
1375  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (277)</a></li>
1376
1377  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1378
1379  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1380
1381  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (15)</a></li>
1382
1383  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1384
1385  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (14)</a></li>
1386
1387  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1388
1389  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
1390
1391  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
1392
1393  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1394
1395  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1396
1397  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1398
1399  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1400
1401  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1402
1403  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (33)</a></li>
1404
1405  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (262)</a></li>
1406
1407  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (176)</a></li>
1408
1409  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (16)</a></li>
1410
1411  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1412
1413  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (52)</a></li>
1414
1415  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (86)</a></li>
1416
1417  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1418
1419  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1420
1421  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1422
1423  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1424
1425  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
1426
1427  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1428
1429  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1430
1431  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1432
1433  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
1434
1435  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1436
1437  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1438
1439  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (47)</a></li>
1440
1441  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1442
1443  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
1444
1445  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (33)</a></li>
1446
1447  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
1448
1449  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1450
1451  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1452
1453  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (51)</a></li>
1454
1455  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1456
1457  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (36)</a></li>
1458
1459 </ul>
1460
1461
1462     </div>
1463     <p style="text-align: right">
1464  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1465 </p>
1466
1467   </body>
1468 </html>