Petter Reinholdtsen

Helt siden jeg i 2012 fikk beskjed fra MPEG LA om at NRK trengte patentavtale med dem hvis de distribuerte H.264-video til sluttbrukere, har jeg lurt på hva som gjør at NRK ikke har slik avtale. For noen dager siden fikk jeg endelig gjort noe med min undring, og sendte 2015-05-28 følgende epost til info (at) nrk.no med tittel "Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale med MPEG LA?":

Jeg lurer på en ting rundt NRKs bruk av H.264-video på sine websider samt distribusjon via RiksTV og kabel-TV. Har NRK vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA slik det står i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X?

Hvis dere har vurdert dette, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering?

Hvis dere ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet for patentavtale?

I følge en artikkel på NRK Beta i 2012 har NRK brukt eller testet både Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X til bruk for å redigere video før sending. Alle disse har bruksvilkår understøttet av opphavsretten som sier at de kun kan brukes til å lage filmer til personlig og ikke-kommersiell bruk - med mindre en har en lisensavtale med MPEG LA om bruk av patenter utstedt i USA for H.264. Se f.eks. bruksvilkårene for Avid, Adobe Premiere og Apple Final Cut Studio og søk etter "MPEG LA".

Dette får meg til å lure på om det er brudd på opphavsretten å bruke disse verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene uten patentavtale med MPEG LA. Men NRK bruker jo tilsynelatende disse verktøyene uten patentavtale med MPEG LA.

I følge forfatteren av Open Broadcast Encoder finnes det to typer H.264-relaterte avtaler en kan få med MPEG LA. Det er én for å lage programvare og utstyr som produserer H.264-video, og en annen for å kringkaste video som bruker H.264. Dette forteller meg at selv om produsentene av utstyr og programvare som NRK bruker har en slik avtale med MPEG LA, så trenges det en egen avtale for å kringkaste video på det formatet.

I følge Ryan Rodriguez hos MPEG LA, da jeg spurte ham på epost i juni 2012, har NRK ikke en slik avtale med MPEG LA. Han sa videre at NRK trenger en slik avtale hvis NRK tilbyr H.264-kodet video til sluttbrukere. Jeg sjekket listen med organisasjoner med avtale med MPEG LA og NRK står fortsatt ikke der.

Jeg lurer dermed på hva som gjør at NRK kan bruke de overnevnte videoredigeringsverktøyene, som tilsynelatende har krav om avtale med MPEG LA for å kunne brukes slik NRK bruker dem, til å lage videofiler for distribusjon uten å ha en avtale med MPEG LA om distribusjon av H.264-video? Dette er spesielt interessant å vite for oss andre som også vurderer å spre H.264-video etter å ha redigert dem med disse mye brukte videoredigeringsverktøyene.

Samme dag fikk jeg automatisk svar om at min henvendelse hadde fått saksid 1294699. Jeg fikk deretter følgende respons fra NRK 2015-06-09:

Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som kunne svare på dette.

For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen patentavtale.

http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y

Med vennlig hilsen
Gunn Helen Berg
Informasjonskonsulent, Publikumsservice

NRK
Strategidivisjonen
Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
Post: NRK Publikumsservice, 8608 Mo i Rana
nrk.no / info (at) nrk.no

Da dette ikke helt var svar på det jeg lurte på, sendte jeg samme dag oppfølgerepost tilbake:

[Gunn Helen Berg]
> Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som
> kunne svare på dette.

Takk for svar. Men det besvarte ikke helt det jeg spurte om.

> For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs
> nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester
> uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen
> patentavtale.
>
> http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y

Spørsmålet er ikke kun om MPEG LA krever patentavtale eller ikke (hvilket ikke helt besvares av pressemeldingen omtalt over, gitt at pressemeldingen kom i 2010, to år før MPEG LA ansvarlige for internasjonal lisensiering egen Ryan Rodriguez fortalte meg på epost at NRK trenger en lisens.

Det er uklart fra pressemeldingen hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" konkret betyr, men i følge en presentasjon fra MPEG LA med tema "AVC PAtent Portfoli License Briefing" datert 2015-05-15 gjelder "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" kun kringkasting på Internet som ikke tilbyr valg av enkeltinnslag ("not title-by-title"), hvilket jo NRK gjør på sine nettsider. I tillegg kringkaster jo NRK H.264-video også utenom Internet (RiksTV, kabel, satelitt), hvilket helt klart ikke er dekket av vilkårene omtalt i pressemeldingen.

Spørsmålet mitt er hvordan NRK kan bruke verktøy med bruksvilkår som krever avtale med MPEG LA for det NRK bruker dem til, når NRK ikke har avtale med MPEG LA. Hvis jeg forsto spørsmålet riktig, så mener NRK at dere ikke trenger avtale med MPEG LA, men uten slik avtale kan dere vel ikke bruke hverken Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid eller Apples Final Cut Pro X for å redigere video før sending?

Mine konkrete spørsmål var altså:

• Hvis NRK har vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA slik det er krav om i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering? Kan jeg få kopi av vurderingen hvis den er gjort skriftlig?
• Hvis NRK ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet for patentavtale?
• Hva slags saksnummer fikk min henvendelse i NRKs offentlige postjournal? Jeg ser at postjournalen ikke er publisert for den aktuelle perioden ennå, så jeg fikk ikke sjekket selv.

Det hjelper å ha funnet rette vedkommende i NRK, for denne gangen fikk jeg svar tilbake dagen etter (2015-06-10), fra Geir Børdalen i NRK:

Hei Petter Reinholdtsen

Jeg har sjekket saken med distribusjonssjef for tv, Arild Hellgren (som var teknologidirektør da bakkenettet ble satt opp). NRK v/ Hellgren hadde møte med MPEG LA sammen med den europeiske kringkastingsunionen EBU før bakkenettet for TV ble satt opp (igangsatt høsten 2007). I dette møtet ble det avklart at NRK/EBU ikke trengte noen patentavtale for h.264 i forbindelse med oppsett av bakkenettet eller bruk av MPEG4 h.264 som kompresjonsalgoritme fordi tjenesten «in full»(nor: helt) var betalt av utsendelseselskapene og ikke av forbrukerne.

http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555

Det er også klart slått fast at selskaper som leverer video basert på MPEG4 h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett, heller ikke påkrevd noen patentavtale – så lenge de leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra sluttbrukere.

http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y

“MPEG LA announced today that its AVC Patent Portfolio License will continue not to charge royalties for Internet Video that is free to end users (known as “Internet Broadcast AVC Video”) during the entire life of this License. MPEG LA previously announced it would not charge royalties for such video through December 31, 2015 (see http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf), and today’s announcement makes clear that royalties will continue not to be charged for such video beyond that time. Products and services other than Internet Broadcast AVC Video continue to be royalty-bearing.”

Vi har derfor ikke noe behov for å vurdere noen patentavtale med MPEG LA.

Understreker for øvrig at NRK ikke er låst til MPEG4 – h.264 som utsendelsesformat – og at vi har brukt og bruker flere andre alternativer i våre tjenester. Ulike «devicer» har ofte behov for forskjellige løsninger – og NRK har forsøkt å levere med best mulig kvalitet /økonomi /stabilitet avhengig av plattform. Produksjonsformater i NRK spenner for øvrig over en rekke forskjellige formater – hvor MPEG4 bare er en av disse. Når NRK kjøper teknisk utstyr er betaling for kodekstøtte ofte en del av anskaffelsesprisen for denne maskinvaren (enten dette er spesialiserte enkodere eller forskjellige typer produksjonsutstyr).

Vennlig hilsen
Geir Børdalen

________________________________________
Geir Børdalen
Investeringsansvarlig NRK / Hovedprosjektleder - Origo
Avdeling for utvikling, innovasjon, investering og eiendom
NRK medietjenester
Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
Post: NRK, AUTV (RBM5), Pb. 8500 Majorstuen, 0340 Oslo
nrk.no

Et godt og grundig svar, som var informativt om hvordan NRK tenker rundt patentavtale med MPEG LA, men heller ikke helt besvarte det jeg lurte på, så jeg sendte epostoppfølging samme dag.

[Geir Børdalen]
> Hei Petter Reinholdtsen

Hei, og takk for raskt svar. Er min henvendelse journalført slik at den dukker opp i NRKs postjournal?

Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge. Hvilke saksnummer fikk dokumenter som ble opprettet i forbindelse med det omtalte møtet NRK v/Hellgren og EBU hadde med MPEG LA (dvs. referater, avtaler, etc), f.eks. dokumentet der formuleringen "in full" som du omtaler finnes?

Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår. Det ene er hvorfor NRKs forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" dekker ser ut til å avvike fra det som presenteres i lysark fra MPEG LA i mai, der MPEG LA på lysark med overskriften "AVC/H.264 License Terms Participation Fees" og undertittel "Where remuneration is from other sources" skriver "Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License".

Her leser jeg MPEG LA dithen at det kun er kringkasting uten abonnement via Internet som er dekket at vilkårne omtalt i pressemeldingen, mens jeg forstår deg dithen at NRK mener NRKs nettsider som også har enkeltfilmer og innslag (som jeg forstår dekket av formuleringen "title-by-title") dekkes av "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" fra MPEG LA. Hva baserer dere denne tolkningen på? Jeg har ikke sett noe skriftlig fra MPEG LA som støtter NRKs tolkning, og lurer på om dere har andre kilder enn den pressemeldingen fra 5 år tilbake, der NRKS forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" dekker er beskrevet?

Det andre er at eposten din ikke nevnte spørsmålet mitt om bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene som NRK bruker. Disse har som tidligere nevnt krav om at de kun skal brukes til private og ikke-kommersielle formål med mindre en har avtale med MPEG LA, og uten avtale med MPEG LA kan det jo virke som om NRK bruker verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene. Hva gjør at disse bruksvilkårene ikke gjelder for NRK?

Noen minutter senere får jeg foreløpig siste svar i føljetongen:

Hei igjen

Vårt dokumentarkiv har fått en kopi (journalføringsnr kan jeg dessverre ikke gi deg).

> Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du
> skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via
> bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.

Svar: Kan ikke svare for andre enn for NRK/EBU - og for bakkenettet i Norge er det kun NRK som er et lisensbasert selskap. Kan ikke gi noe svar på saksnr på dokumenter eller ytterligere informasjon da jeg selv ikke var del i dette.

> Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår. ...

Svar: Kan ikke gå ytterligere inn i dette fra min side og mitt fagfelt som er produksjon/publisering og systemstrukturene bak disse. For øvrig ligger det etter vår formening ingen begrensninger for NRK i mulighetene til publisering mht til kodek i produksjonssystemer. Som tidligere skrevet mener vi at NRK ikke trenger noen avtale med MPEG LA og støtter oss til det vi allerede har kommunisert i forrige epost.

Mvh
Geir Børdalen

Det syntes vanskelig å komme videre når NRK ikke ønsker å gå inn i problemstillingen rundt bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene NRK bruker, så jeg sendte takk for svarene og avsluttet utvekslingen så langt:

Tusen takk for rask respons, og oppklarende forklaring om hvordan NRK tenker rundt MPEG LA.

Jeg vil høre med NRK-arkivet for å se om de kan spore opp de omtalte dokumentene. Jeg setter pris på om du kan dele titler, dato eller annen informasjon som kan gjøre det enklere for arkivet å finne dem.

Når det gjelder hvordan bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene skal tolkes, så skal jeg høre med MPEG LA og produsentene av verktøyene for å forsøke å få klarhet i hva de mener er rikgig rettstilstand.

Jeg ble litt klokere, men fortsatt er det uklart for meg hva som er grunnlaget til NRK for å se bort fra bruksvilkår i videoredigeringsprogramvare som krever MPEG LA-avtale til alt annet enn privat og ikke-kommersiell bruk.

Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere i samfunnet. Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for min påstand i forrige bloggpost om at det nå blir krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge. De som spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt. Her er en liten oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på. Det sies ikke direkte i hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser på indirekte formuleringer.

I stortingsproposisjon 66, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger) står det

Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.

[...]

For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.

Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort. Det skrives som om det blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i loven sier at det kan «innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)». Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass i Norge. Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass. Departementet foreslår altså at ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.

Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i innstillingen fra stortingskomiteen, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme sikkerhetsnivå som passet». Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig komité var glad for resultatet. Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt og fullt bak departementets forslag.

For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene». Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.

Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få bankkonto eller stemme ved valg. Det kunne få departementet til å snu. Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.

5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something criminal or not, are required to give fingerprints to the police (vote details from Holder de ord). The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few years there will be no option any more. The ID will be required to vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license and many other tasks required to function in Norway. The banks plan to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards. In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to the police.

In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of the face and other information about the person. Some of the information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same system as currently used in the passports. The codes to decrypt will be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around the globe, but for those that do not know anyone in those circles it is good to know that the encryption is already broken. And they can be read from 70 meters away. This can be mitigated a bit by keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no business getting access to that information.

The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft, and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion of privacy without any objections. So are the Norwegian passports, but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far. That option is going away with the passing of the new law. In this, I envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric information is stored in their national ID.

And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the information collected in the national ID card register can be handed over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, "when extradition is not considered disproportionate".

Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament really could make such decision, I wrote a summary of the sources I have for concluding the way I do (Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).

Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a year. I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look like today. To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.

The 2005 numbers are from digi.no, the 2012 numbers are from a NKOM report, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via email. I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th, and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very different from the numbers from 2013.

The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is enough. See for example a summary on voice quality from Cisco for some alternatives. 8 Kbit/s is 60 Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes to get the storage requirements.

Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies, availability requirements etc. But a simple way to calculate can be to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double it to take space, power and redundancy into account. It could be much higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.

But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway? Not much. Here is a small table showing the estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium and large organisations:

Year	Call minutes	Size	Price in NOK / EUR
2005	24 000 000 000	1.3 PiB	3 mill / 358 000
2012	18 000 000 000	1.0 PiB	2.2 mill / 262 000
2013	17 000 000 000	950 TiB	2.1 mill / 250 000

This is the cost of buying the storage. Maintenance need to be taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise for the reader. But it is obvious to me from those numbers that recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be stopped because it is too expensive. I wonder if someone already is collecting the data?

I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out this announcement today:

the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first
*beta* release of Debian Edu "Jessie" 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first
time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable
release, Debian 8 "Jessie".

(As most reading this will know, Debian "Jessie" hasn't actually been
released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish
later today ;)

We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu "Jessie" in the coming
weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades
from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will
be possible and encouraged!

Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit
bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs

Debian Edu - sometimes also known as "Skolelinux" - is a complete
operating system for schools, universities and other
organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles
administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which
will work in harmony on the school network.  With Debian Edu, the
teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a
complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or
days.

Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the
world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come
with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian
archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach.

For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and
installation instructions are available, including detailed
instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting
up a network or adding users.  Please note that the password for the
user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at
least 5 characters!

== Where to download ==

A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting
can be downloaded at the following locations:

    http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso
    rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso . 

The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a

Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also
available, with more software included (saving additional download
time):

    http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
    rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso 

The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636

Sources are available from the Debian archive, see
http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download
options.

== Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages ==

Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for
the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual.

This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian,
Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists
for Spanish.  See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for
online version of the translated manual.

More information about Debian 8 "Jessie" itself is provided in the
release notes and the installation manual:
- http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes
- http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual


== Errata / known problems ==

    It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via
    DHCP (#780461).

    The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087). 

Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the
hostname immediately.

Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly
more current and complete list.

== Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 ==

=== Software updates ===

Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.:

 * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for
   i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like
   Intel Pentium and AMD K5).

 * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14,
   Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6
   * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8
   * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of
     the others see the manual.
 * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41
 * LibreOffice 4.3.3
 * GOsa 2.7.4
 * LTSP 5.5.4
 * CUPS print system 1.7.5
 * new boot framework: systemd
 * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
 * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
 * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14
 * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1
 * golearn 0.9
 * tuxpaint 0.9.22
 * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie.
 * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation.
 * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release
   notes and the installation manual, see the link above.

=== Installation changes ===

    Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically
    for the hardware present.

=== Fixed bugs ===

A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable
from a user perspective:

 * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break
   DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect
   information is corrected (710362)

 * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608). 

=== Sugar desktop removed ===

As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not
available in Debian Edu jessie.


== About Debian Edu / Skolelinux ==

Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on
Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely
configured school network. Directly after installation a school server
running all services needed for a school network is set up just
waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable
Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after
initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other
machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server
provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service,
centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other
services.  The desktop contains more than 60 educational software
packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools
can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop
environment.

== About Debian ==

The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly
free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of
the largest and most influential open source projects. Thousands of
volunteers from all over the world work together to create and
maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a
huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal
operating system.

== Thanks ==

Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen!
You rock.

It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete computer system for schools I've involved in, Debian Edu / Skolelinux, was being used in India. But apparently it is, and I managed to get an interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish Agarwal.

Who are you, and how do you spend your days?

My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India. My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips, installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with few software start-ups as well.

How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu project?

It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as it was known then. Since then I have started using the various education meta-packages provided by the project.

What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian Edu?

It's closest I have seen where a package full of educational software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and figuratively). Even if I take the simplest software which is gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered #781841 and #781842.

I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions, as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the possibility of a larger life span. Of course with both it's more a question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both for the developer per-se.

What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian Edu?

I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take help from people and the larger community wherever possible.

I don't see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it. However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done but for reasons not known not done or if done I don't know about them. Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but still) I have had for a long time :

1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how far would each travel and similar questions like these.

The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in interactive manner. While sites such as the Ask Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem (as an example or point of inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done. I dunno if there is a free software which does something like this. The idea being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour. This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started, psychics and everything in-between.

One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could also be used.

2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary. I don't think it should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&A single word answers from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on the user's input.

3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into nature, history etc. and let it loose. This could turn to be really huge collection of images. One source could be taken from commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free stock photos. Potential is immense.

Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a lot. This is more so in educational software as these applications need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and maintenance of such software I don't see any big difficulties. I know of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.

Which free software do you use daily?

That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt, aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays), quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly between kpat and Aiselriot. In desktops it's a tie between gnome-flashback and mate.

Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to get schools to use free software?

I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in whatever environment they are. If it's MS-Windows or Mac so be it. Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the people now understand the concept of a repository because of the various online stores so it isn't hard to convince on that front.

What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as well.

I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but there isn't even a page where all those different fonts in the La Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.

One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates and upgrades. People have this myth that each update and upgrade means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this innumerable times. That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS releases.

The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu is aimed at.

Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for around 2 years, and gathered some experience there. Some of the things we learnt/discovered there was :

1. Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects and they do not want you to teach anything out of the portion/syllabus given.
2. They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever is in the syllabus.
3. There are huge barriers both with the English language and at times with objects or whatever. An example, let's say in gcompris you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let's say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be as recognizable as say a Puneri Pagdi so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or something but that is something for upstream to do.

I am happy to let you all know that I'm going to the Open Source Developers' Conference Nordic 2015!

It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to where I work, and I finally got around to submitting a talk proposal for it (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted). As part of my involvement with the Norwegian Unix User Group member association I have been slightly involved in the planning of this conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking Hackathon with our friends over at mySociety and Holder de ord. This part is named the 'My Society' track in the program. There is still space for more talks and participants. I hope to see you there.

Check out the talks submitted and accepted so far.

During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian docbook version of the 2004 book Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig. At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos, inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should. I'm more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to check the text up to chapter 13. The current status is available on the github project pages. You can also check out the PDF, EPUB and HTML version available in the archive directory.

Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if you find any.

The Norwegian Unix User Group, where I am a member, and where people interested in free software, open standards and UNIX like operating systems like Linux and the BSDs come together, record our monthly technical presentations on video. The purpose is to document the talks and spread them to a wider audience. For this, the the Norwegian nationwide open channel Frikanalen is a useful venue. Since a few days ago, when I figured out the REST API to program the channel time schedule, the channel has been filled with NUUG talks, related recordings and some Creative Commons licensed TED talks (from archive.org). I fill all "leftover bits" on the channel with content from NUUG, which at the moment is almost 17 of 24 hours every day.

The list of NUUG videos uploaded so far include things like a one hour talk by John Perry Barlow when he visited Oslo, a presentation of Haiku, the BeOS re-implementation, the history of FiksGataMi, the Norwegian version of FixMyStreet, the good old Warriors of the net video and many others.

We have a large backlog of NUUG talks not yet uploaded to Frikanalen, and plan to upload every useful bit to the channel to spread the word there. I also hope to find useful recordings from the Chaos Computer Club and Debian conferences and spread them on the channel as well. But this require locating the videos and their meta information (title, description, license, etc), and preparing the recordings for broadcast, and I have not yet had the spare time to focus on this. Perhaps you want to help. Please join us on IRC, #nuug on irc.freenode.net if you want to help make this happen.

But as I said, already the channel is already almost exclusively filled with technical topics, and if you want to learn something new today, check out the Ogg Theora web stream or use one of the other ways to get access to the channel. Unfortunately the Ogg Theora recoding for distribution still do not properly sync the video and sound. It is generated by recoding a internal MPEG transport stream with MPEG4 coded video (ie H.264) to Ogg Theora / Vorbis, and we have not been able to find a way that produces acceptable quality. Help needed, please get in touch if you know how to fix it using free software.

Today I was happy to learn that the documentary Citizenfour by Laura Poitras finally will show up in Norway. According to the magazine Montages, a deal has finally been made for Cinema distribution in Norway and the movie will have its premiere soon. This is great news. As part of my involvement with the Norwegian Unix User Group, me and a friend have tried to get the movie to Norway ourselves, but obviously we were too late and Tor Fosse beat us to it. I am happy he did, as the movie will make its way to the public and we do not have to make it happen ourselves. The trailer can be seen on youtube, if you are curious what kind of film this is.

The whistle blower Edward Snowden really deserve political asylum here in Norway, but I am afraid he would not be safe.