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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Legal_to_share_more_than_11_000_movies_listed_on_IMDB_.html">Legal to share more than 11,000 movies listed on IMDB?</a></div>
  24       <div class="date"> 7th January 2018</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>I've continued to track down list of movies that are legal to
  26 distribute on the Internet, and identified more than 11,000 title IDs
  27 in The Internet Movie Database so far.  Most of them (57%) are feature
  28 films from USA published before 1923.  I've also tracked down more
  29 than 24,000 movies I have not yet been able to map to IMDB title ID,
  30 so the real number could be a lot higher.  According to the front web
  31 page for <a href="https://retrofilmvault.com/">Retro Film Vault</A>,
  32 there are 44,000 public domain films, so I guess there are still some
  33 left to identify.</p>
  34
  35 <p>The complete data set is available from
  36 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/public-domain-free-imdb">a
  37 public git repository</a>, including the scripts used to create it.
  38 Most of the data is collected using web scraping, for example from the
  39 "product catalog" of companies selling copies of public domain movies,
  40 but any source I find believable is used.  I've so far had to throw
  41 out three sources because I did not trust the public domain status of
  42 the movies listed.</p>
  43
  44 <p>Anyway, this is the summary of the 28 collected data sources so
  45 far:</p>
  46
  47 <p><pre>
  48  2352 entries (   66 unique) with and 15983 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-archive-org-search.json
  49  2302 entries (  120 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-archive-org-wikidata.json
  50   195 entries (   63 unique) with and   200 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-cinemovies.json
  51    89 entries (   52 unique) with and    38 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-creative-commons.json
  52   344 entries (   28 unique) with and   655 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-fesfilm.json
  53   668 entries (  209 unique) with and  1064 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-filmchest-com.json
  54   830 entries (   21 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-icheckmovies-archive-mochard.json
  55    19 entries (   19 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-c-expired-gb.json
  56  6822 entries ( 6669 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-c-expired-us.json
  57   137 entries (    0 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-externlist.json
  58  1205 entries (   57 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-pd.json
  59    84 entries (   20 unique) with and   167 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-infodigi-pd.json
  60   158 entries (  135 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-letterboxd-looney-tunes.json
  61   113 entries (    4 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-letterboxd-pd.json
  62   182 entries (  100 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-letterboxd-silent.json
  63   229 entries (   87 unique) with and     1 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-manual.json
  64    44 entries (    2 unique) with and    64 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-openflix.json
  65   291 entries (   33 unique) with and   474 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-profilms-pd.json
  66   211 entries (    7 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainmovies-info.json
  67  1232 entries (   57 unique) with and  1875 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainmovies-net.json
  68    46 entries (   13 unique) with and    81 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainreview.json
  69   698 entries (   64 unique) with and   118 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomaintorrents.json
  70  1758 entries (  882 unique) with and  3786 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-retrofilmvault.json
  71    16 entries (    0 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-thehillproductions.json
  72    63 entries (   16 unique) with and   141 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-vodo.json
  73 11583 unique IMDB title IDs in total, 8724 only in one list, 24647 without IMDB title ID
  74 </pre></p>
  75
  76 <p> I keep finding more data sources.  I found the cinemovies source
  77 just a few days ago, and as you can see from the summary, it extended
  78 my list with 63 movies.  Check out the mklist-* scripts in the git
  79 repository if you are curious how the lists are created.  Many of the
  80 titles are extracted using searches on IMDB, where I look for the
  81 title and year, and accept search results with only one movie listed
  82 if the year matches.  This allow me to automatically use many lists of
  83 movies without IMDB title ID references at the cost of increasing the
  84 risk of wrongly identify a IMDB title ID as public domain.  So far my
  85 random manual checks have indicated that the method is solid, but I
  86 really wish all lists of public domain movies would include unique
  87 movie identifier like the IMDB title ID.  It would make the job of
  88 counting movies in the public domain a lot easier.</p>
  89 </div>
  90       <div class="tags">
  91
  92
  93         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
  94
  95
  96       </div>
  97     </div>
  98     <div class="padding"></div>
  99
 100     <div class="entry">
 101       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Kommentarer_til__Evaluation_of__il_legality__for_Popcorn_Time.html">Kommentarer til «Evaluation of (il)legality» for Popcorn Time</a></div>
 102       <div class="date">20th December 2017</div>
 103       <div class="body"><p>I går var jeg i Follo tingrett som sakkyndig vitne og presenterte
 104   mine undersøkelser rundt
 105   <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/public-domain-free-imdb">telling
 106     av filmverk i det fri</a>, relatert til
 107   <a href="https://www.nuug.no/">foreningen NUUG</a>s involvering i
 108   <a href="https://www.nuug.no/news/tags/dns-domenebeslag/">saken om
 109   Økokrims beslag og senere inndragning av DNS-domenet
 110   popcorn-time.no</a>.  Jeg snakket om flere ting, men mest om min
 111   vurdering av hvordan filmbransjen har målt hvor ulovlig Popcorn Time
 112   er.  Filmbransjens måling er så vidt jeg kan se videreformidlet uten
 113   endringer av norsk politi, og domstolene har lagt målingen til grunn
 114   når de har vurdert Popcorn Time både i Norge og i utlandet (tallet
 115   99% er referert også i utenlandske domsavgjørelser).</p>
 116
 117 <p>I forkant av mitt vitnemål skrev jeg et notat, mest til meg selv,
 118   med de punktene jeg ønsket å få frem.  Her er en kopi av notatet jeg
 119   skrev og ga til aktoratet.  Merkelig nok ville ikke dommerene ha
 120   notatet, så hvis jeg forsto rettsprosessen riktig ble kun
 121   histogram-grafen lagt inn i dokumentasjonen i saken.  Dommerne var
 122   visst bare interessert i å forholde seg til det jeg sa i retten,
 123   ikke det jeg hadde skrevet i forkant.  Uansett så antar jeg at flere
 124   enn meg kan ha glede av teksten, og publiserer den derfor her.
 125   Legger ved avskrift av dokument 09,13, som er det sentrale
 126   dokumentet jeg kommenterer.</p>
 127
 128 <p><strong>Kommentarer til «Evaluation of (il)legality» for Popcorn
 129   Time</strong></p>
 130
 131 <p><strong>Oppsummering</strong></p>
 132
 133 <p>Målemetoden som Økokrim har lagt til grunn når de påstår at 99% av
 134   filmene tilgjengelig fra Popcorn Time deles ulovlig har
 135   svakheter.</p>
 136
 137 <p>De eller den som har vurdert hvorvidt filmer kan lovlig deles har
 138   ikke lyktes med å identifisere filmer som kan deles lovlig og har
 139   tilsynelatende antatt at kun veldig gamle filmer kan deles lovlig.
 140   Økokrim legger til grunn at det bare finnes èn film, Charlie
 141   Chaplin-filmen «The Circus» fra 1928, som kan deles fritt blant de
 142   som ble observert tilgjengelig via ulike Popcorn Time-varianter.
 143   Jeg finner tre flere blant de observerte filmene: «The Brain That
 144   Wouldn't Die» fra 1962, «God’s Little Acre» fra 1958 og «She Wore a
 145   Yellow Ribbon» fra 1949.  Det er godt mulig det finnes flere.  Det
 146   finnes dermed minst fire ganger så mange filmer som lovlig kan deles
 147   på Internett i datasettet Økokrim har lagt til grunn når det påstås
 148   at mindre enn 1 % kan deles lovlig.</p>
 149
 150 <p>Dernest, utplukket som gjøres ved søk på tilfeldige ord hentet fra
 151   ordlisten til Dale-Chall avviker fra årsfordelingen til de brukte
 152   filmkatalogene som helhet, hvilket påvirker fordelingen mellom
 153   filmer som kan lovlig deles og filmer som ikke kan lovlig deles.  I
 154   tillegg gir valg av øvre del (de fem første) av søkeresultatene et
 155   avvik fra riktig årsfordeling, hvilket påvirker fordelingen av verk
 156   i det fri i søkeresultatet.</p>
 157
 158 <p>Det som måles er ikke (u)lovligheten knyttet til bruken av Popcorn
 159   Time, men (u)lovligheten til innholdet i bittorrent-filmkataloger
 160   som vedlikeholdes uavhengig av Popcorn Time.</p>
 161
 162 <p>Omtalte dokumenter: 09,12, <a href="#dok-09-13">09,13</a>, 09,14,
 163 09,18, 09,19, 09,20.</p>
 164
 165 <p><strong>Utfyllende kommentarer</strong></p>
 166
 167 <p>Økokrim har forklart domstolene at minst 99% av alt som er
 168   tilgjengelig fra ulike Popcorn Time-varianter deles ulovlig på
 169   Internet.  Jeg ble nysgjerrig på hvordan de er kommet frem til dette
 170   tallet, og dette notatet er en samling kommentarer rundt målingen
 171   Økokrim henviser til.  Litt av bakgrunnen for at jeg valgte å se på
 172   saken er at jeg er interessert i å identifisere og telle hvor mange
 173   kunstneriske verk som er falt i det fri eller av andre grunner kan
 174   lovlig deles på Internett, og dermed var interessert i hvordan en
 175   hadde funnet den ene prosenten som kanskje deles lovlig.</p>
 176
 177 <p>Andelen på 99% kommer fra et ukreditert og udatert notatet som tar
 178   mål av seg å dokumentere en metode for å måle hvor (u)lovlig ulike
 179   Popcorn Time-varianter er.</p>
 180
 181 <p>Raskt oppsummert, så forteller metodedokumentet at på grunn av at
 182   det ikke er mulig å få tak i komplett liste over alle filmtitler
 183   tilgjengelig via Popcorn Time, så lages noe som skal være et
 184   representativt utvalg ved å velge 50 søkeord større enn tre tegn fra
 185   ordlisten kjent som Dale-Chall.  For hvert søkeord gjøres et søk og
 186   de første fem filmene i søkeresultatet samles inn inntil 100 unike
 187   filmtitler er funnet.  Hvis 50 søkeord ikke var tilstrekkelig for å
 188   nå 100 unike filmtitler ble flere filmer fra hvert søkeresultat lagt
 189   til.  Hvis dette heller ikke var tilstrekkelig, så ble det hentet ut
 190   og søkt på flere tilfeldig valgte søkeord inntil 100 unike
 191   filmtitler var identifisert.</p>
 192
 193 <p>Deretter ble for hver av filmtitlene «vurdert hvorvidt det var
 194   rimelig å forvente om at verket var vernet av copyright, ved å se på
 195   om filmen var tilgjengelig i IMDB, samt se på regissør,
 196   utgivelsesår, når det var utgitt for bestemte markedsområder samt
 197   hvilke produksjons- og distribusjonsselskap som var registrert» (min
 198   oversettelse).</p>
 199
 200 <p>Metoden er gjengitt både i de ukrediterte dokumentene 09,13 og
 201   09,19, samt beskrevet fra side 47 i dokument 09,20, lysark datert
 202   2017-02-01.  Sistnevnte er kreditert Geerart Bourlon fra Motion
 203   Picture Association EMEA.  Metoden virker å ha flere svakheter som
 204   gir resultatene en slagside.  Den starter med å slå fast at det ikke
 205   er mulig å hente ut en komplett liste over alle filmtitler som er
 206   tilgjengelig, og at dette er bakgrunnen for metodevalget.  Denne
 207   forutsetningen er ikke i tråd med det som står i dokument 09,12, som
 208   ikke heller har oppgitt forfatter og dato.  Dokument 09,12 forteller
 209   hvordan hele kataloginnholdet ble lasted ned og talt opp.  Dokument
 210   09,12 er muligens samme rapport som ble referert til i dom fra Oslo
 211   Tingrett 2017-11-03
 212   (<a href="https://www.domstol.no/no/Enkelt-domstol/Oslo--tingrett/Nyheter/ma-sperre-for-popcorn-time/">sak
 213   17-093347TVI-OTIR/05</a>) som rapport av 1. juni 2017 av Alexander
 214   Kind Petersen, men jeg har ikke sammenlignet dokumentene ord for ord
 215   for å kontrollere dette.</p>
 216
 217 <p>IMDB er en forkortelse for The Internet Movie Database, en
 218   anerkjent kommersiell nettjeneste som brukes aktivt av både
 219   filmbransjen og andre til å holde rede på hvilke spillefilmer (og
 220   endel andre filmer) som finnes eller er under produksjon, og
 221   informasjon om disse filmene.  Datakvaliteten er høy, med få feil og
 222   få filmer som mangler.  IMDB viser ikke informasjon om
 223   opphavsrettslig status for filmene på infosiden for hver film.  Som
 224   del av IMDB-tjenesten finnes det lister med filmer laget av
 225   frivillige som lister opp det som antas å være verk i det fri.</p>
 226
 227 <p>Det finnes flere kilder som kan brukes til å finne filmer som er
 228   allemannseie (public domain) eller har bruksvilkår som gjør det
 229   lovlig for alleå dele dem på Internett.  Jeg har de siste ukene
 230   forsøkt å samle og krysskoble disse listene for å forsøke å telle
 231   antall filmer i det fri.  Ved å ta utgangspunkt i slike lister (og
 232   publiserte filmer for Internett-arkivets del), har jeg så langt
 233   klart å identifisere over 11 000 filmer, hovedsaklig spillefilmer.
 234
 235 <p>De aller fleste oppføringene er hentet fra IMDB selv, basert på det
 236   faktum at alle filmer laget i USA før 1923 er falt i det fri.
 237   Tilsvarende tidsgrense for Storbritannia er 1912-07-01, men dette
 238   utgjør bare veldig liten del av spillefilmene i IMDB (19 totalt).
 239   En annen stor andel kommer fra Internett-arkivet, der jeg har
 240   identifisert filmer med referanse til IMDB.  Internett-arkivet, som
 241   holder til i USA, har som
 242   <a href="https://archive.org/about/terms.php">policy å kun publisere
 243   filmer som det er lovlig å distribuere</a>.  Jeg har under arbeidet
 244   kommet over flere filmer som har blitt fjernet fra
 245   Internett-arkivet, hvilket gjør at jeg konkluderer med at folkene
 246   som kontrollerer Internett-arkivet har et aktivt forhold til å kun
 247   ha lovlig innhold der, selv om det i stor grad er drevet av
 248   frivillige.  En annen stor liste med filmer kommer fra det
 249   kommersielle selskapet Retro Film Vault, som selger allemannseide
 250   filmer til TV- og filmbransjen, Jeg har også benyttet meg av lister
 251   over filmer som hevdes å være allemannseie, det være seg Public
 252   Domain Review, Public Domain Torrents og Public Domain Movies (.net
 253   og .info), samt lister over filmer med Creative Commons-lisensiering
 254   fra Wikipedia, VODO og The Hill Productions.  Jeg har gjort endel
 255   stikkontroll ved å vurdere filmer som kun omtales på en liste.  Der
 256   jeg har funnet feil som har gjort meg i tvil om vurderingen til de
 257   som har laget listen har jeg forkastet listen fullstendig (gjelder
 258   en liste fra IMDB).</p>
 259
 260 <p>Ved å ta utgangspunkt i verk som kan antas å være lovlig delt på
 261   Internett (fra blant annet Internett-arkivet, Public Domain
 262   Torrents, Public Domain Reivew og Public Domain Movies), og knytte
 263   dem til oppføringer i IMDB, så har jeg så langt klart å identifisere
 264   over 11 000 filmer (hovedsaklig spillefilmer) det er grunn til å tro
 265   kan lovlig distribueres av alle på Internett.  Som ekstra kilder er
 266   det brukt lister over filmer som antas/påstås å være allemannseie.
 267   Disse kildene kommer fra miljøer som jobber for å gjøre tilgjengelig
 268   for almennheten alle verk som er falt i det fri eller har
 269   bruksvilkår som tillater deling.
 270
 271 <p>I tillegg til de over 11 000 filmene der tittel-ID i IMDB er
 272   identifisert, har jeg funnet mer enn 20 000 oppføringer der jeg ennå
 273   ikke har hatt kapasitet til å spore opp tittel-ID i IMDB.  Noen av
 274   disse er nok duplikater av de IMDB-oppføringene som er identifisert
 275   så langt, men neppe alle.  Retro Film Vault hevder å ha 44 000
 276   filmverk i det fri i sin katalog, så det er mulig at det reelle
 277   tallet er betydelig høyere enn de jeg har klart å identifisere så
 278   langt.  Konklusjonen er at tallet 11 000 er nedre grense for hvor
 279   mange filmer i IMDB som kan lovlig deles på Internett.  I følge <a
 280   href="http://www.imdb.com/stats">statistikk fra IMDB</a> er det 4.6
 281   millioner titler registrert, hvorav 3 millioner er TV-serieepisoder.
 282   Jeg har ikke funnet ut hvordan de fordeler seg per år.</p>
 283
 284 <p>Hvis en fordeler på år alle tittel-IDene i IMDB som hevdes å lovlig
 285   kunne deles på Internett, får en følgende histogram:</p>
 286
 287 <p align="center"><img width="80%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year.png"></p>
 288
 289 <p>En kan i histogrammet se at effekten av manglende registrering
 290   eller fornying av registrering er at mange filmer gitt ut i USA før
 291   1978 er allemannseie i dag.  I tillegg kan en se at det finnes flere
 292   filmer gitt ut de siste årene med bruksvilkår som tillater deling,
 293   muligens på grunn av fremveksten av
 294   <a href="https://creativecommons.org/">Creative
 295   Commons</a>-bevegelsen..</p>
 296
 297 <p>For maskinell analyse av katalogene har jeg laget et lite program
 298   som kobler seg til bittorrent-katalogene som brukes av ulike Popcorn
 299   Time-varianter og laster ned komplett liste over filmer i
 300   katalogene, noe som bekrefter at det er mulig å hente ned komplett
 301   liste med alle filmtitler som er tilgjengelig.  Jeg har sett på fire
 302   bittorrent-kataloger.  Den ene brukes av klienten tilgjengelig fra
 303   www.popcorntime.sh og er navngitt 'sh' i dette dokumentet.  Den
 304   andre brukes i følge dokument 09,12 av klienten tilgjengelig fra
 305   popcorntime.ag og popcorntime.sh og er navngitt 'yts' i dette
 306   dokumentet.  Den tredje brukes av websidene tilgjengelig fra
 307   popcorntime-online.tv og er navngitt 'apidomain' i dette dokumentet.
 308   Den fjerde brukes av klienten tilgjenglig fra popcorn-time.to i
 309   følge dokument 09,12, og er navngitt 'ukrfnlge' i dette
 310   dokumentet.</p>
 311
 312 <p>Metoden Økokrim legger til grunn skriver i sitt punkt fire at
 313   skjønn er en egnet metode for å finne ut om en film kan lovlig deles
 314   på Internett eller ikke, og sier at det ble «vurdert hvorvidt det
 315   var rimelig å forvente om at verket var vernet av copyright».  For
 316   det første er det ikke nok å slå fast om en film er «vernet av
 317   copyright» for å vite om det er lovlig å dele den på Internett eller
 318   ikke, da det finnes flere filmer med opphavsrettslige bruksvilkår
 319   som tillater deling på Internett.  Eksempler på dette er Creative
 320   Commons-lisensierte filmer som Citizenfour fra 2014 og Sintel fra
 321   2010.  I tillegg til slike finnes det flere filmer som nå er
 322   allemannseie (public domain) på grunn av manglende registrering
 323   eller fornying av registrering selv om både regisør,
 324   produksjonsselskap og distributør ønsker seg vern.  Eksempler på
 325   dette er Plan 9 from Outer Space fra 1959 og Night of the Living
 326   Dead fra 1968.  Alle filmer fra USA som var allemannseie før
 327   1989-03-01 forble i det fri da Bern-konvensjonen, som tok effekt i
 328   USA på det tidspunktet, ikke ble gitt tilbakevirkende kraft.  Hvis
 329   det er noe
 330   <a href="http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-happy-birthday-song-lawsuit-decision-20150922-story.html">historien
 331   om sangen «Happy birthday»</a> forteller oss, der betaling for bruk
 332   har vært krevd inn i flere tiår selv om sangen ikke egentlig var
 333   vernet av åndsverksloven, så er det at hvert enkelt verk må vurderes
 334   nøye og i detalj før en kan slå fast om verket er allemannseie eller
 335   ikke, det holder ikke å tro på selverklærte rettighetshavere.  Flere
 336   eksempel på verk i det fri som feilklassifiseres som vernet er fra
 337   dokument 09,18, som lister opp søkeresultater for klienten omtalt
 338   som popcorntime.sh og i følge notatet kun inneholder en film (The
 339   Circus fra 1928) som under tvil kan antas å være allemannseie.</p>
 340
 341 <p>Ved rask gjennomlesning av dokument 09,18, som inneholder
 342   skjermbilder fra bruk av en Popcorn Time-variant, fant jeg omtalt
 343   både filmen «The Brain That Wouldn't Die» fra 1962 som er
 344   <a href="https://archive.org/details/brain_that_wouldnt_die">tilgjengelig
 345   fra Internett-arkivet</a> og som
 346   <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_in_the_public_domain_in_the_United_States">i
 347     følge Wikipedia er allemannseie i USA</a> da den ble gitt ut i
 348   1962 uten 'copyright'-merking, og filmen «God’s Little Acre» fra
 349   1958 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s_Little_Acre_%28film%29">som
 350     er lagt ut på Wikipedia</a>, der det fortelles at
 351   sort/hvit-utgaven er allemannseie.  Det fremgår ikke fra dokument
 352   09,18 om filmen omtalt der er sort/hvit-utgaven.  Av
 353   kapasitetsårsaker og på grunn av at filmoversikten i dokument 09,18
 354   ikke er maskinlesbart har jeg ikke forsøkt å sjekke alle filmene som
 355   listes opp der om mot liste med filmer som er antatt lovlig kan
 356   distribueres på Internet.</p>
 357
 358 <p>Ved maskinell gjennomgang av listen med IMDB-referanser under
 359   regnearkfanen 'Unique titles' i dokument 09.14, fant jeg i tillegg
 360   filmen «She Wore a Yellow Ribbon» fra 1949) som nok også er
 361   feilklassifisert. Filmen «She Wore a Yellow Ribbon» er tilgjengelig
 362   fra Internett-arkivet og markert som allemannseie der.  Det virker
 363   dermed å være minst fire ganger så mange filmer som kan lovlig deles
 364   på Internett enn det som er lagt til grunn når en påstår at minst
 365   99% av innholdet er ulovlig.  Jeg ser ikke bort fra at nærmere
 366   undersøkelser kan avdekke flere.  Poenget er uansett at metodens
 367   punkt om «rimelig å forvente om at verket var vernet av copyright»
 368   gjør metoden upålitelig.</p>
 369
 370 <p>Den omtalte målemetoden velger ut tilfeldige søketermer fra
 371   ordlisten Dale-Chall.  Den ordlisten inneholder 3000 enkle engelske
 372   som fjerdeklassinger i USA er forventet å forstå.  Det fremgår ikke
 373   hvorfor akkurat denne ordlisten er valgt, og det er uklart for meg
 374   om den er egnet til å få et representativt utvalg av filmer.  Mange
 375   av ordene gir tomt søkeresultat.  Ved å simulerte tilsvarende søk
 376   ser jeg store avvik fra fordelingen i katalogen for enkeltmålinger.
 377   Dette antyder at enkeltmålinger av 100 filmer slik målemetoden
 378   beskriver er gjort, ikke er velegnet til å finne andel ulovlig
 379   innhold i bittorrent-katalogene.</p>
 380
 381 <p>En kan motvirke dette store avviket for enkeltmålinger ved å gjøre
 382   mange søk og slå sammen resultatet.  Jeg har testet ved å
 383   gjennomføre 100 enkeltmålinger (dvs. måling av (100x100=) 10 000
 384   tilfeldig valgte filmer) som gir mindre, men fortsatt betydelig
 385   avvik, i forhold til telling av filmer pr år i hele katalogen.</p>
 386
 387 <p>Målemetoden henter ut de fem øverste i søkeresultatet.
 388   Søkeresultatene er sortert på antall bittorrent-klienter registrert
 389   som delere i katalogene, hvilket kan gi en slagside mot hvilke
 390   filmer som er populære blant de som bruker bittorrent-katalogene,
 391   uten at det forteller noe om hvilket innhold som er tilgjengelig
 392   eller hvilket innhold som deles med Popcorn Time-klienter.  Jeg har
 393   forsøkt å måle hvor stor en slik slagside eventuelt er ved å
 394   sammenligne fordelingen hvis en tar de 5 nederste i søkeresultatet i
 395   stedet.  Avviket for disse to metodene for endel kataloger er godt
 396   synlig på histogramet.  Her er histogram over filmer funnet i den
 397   komplette katalogen (grønn strek), og filmer funnet ved søk etter
 398   ord i Dale-Chall.  Grafer merket 'top' henter fra de 5 første i
 399   søkeresultatet, mens de merket 'bottom' henter fra de 5 siste.  En
 400   kan her se at resultatene påvirkes betydelig av hvorvidt en ser på
 401   de første eller de siste filmene i et søketreff.</p>
 402
 403 <p align="center">
 404   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-sh-top.png"/>
 405   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-sh-bottom.png"/>
 406   <br>
 407   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-yts-top.png"/>
 408   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-yts-bottom.png"/>
 409   <br>
 410   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-ukrfnlge-top.png"/>
 411   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-ukrfnlge-bottom.png"/>
 412   <br>
 413   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-apidomain-top.png"/>
 414   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-apidomain-bottom.png"/>
 415 </p>
 416
 417 <p>Det er verdt å bemerke at de omtalte bittorrent-katalogene ikke er
 418   laget for bruk med Popcorn Time.  Eksempelvis tilhører katalogen
 419   YTS, som brukes av klientet som ble lastes ned fra popcorntime.sh,
 420   et selvstendig fildelings-relatert nettsted YTS.AG med et separat
 421   brukermiljø.  Målemetoden foreslått av Økokrim måler dermed ikke
 422   (u)lovligheten rundt bruken av Popcorn Time, men (u)lovligheten til
 423   innholdet i disse katalogene.</p>
 424
 425 <hr>
 426
 427 <p id="dok-09-13">Metoden fra Økokrims dokument 09,13 i straffesaken
 428 om DNS-beslag.</p>
 429
 430 <p><strong>1. Evaluation of (il)legality</strong></p>
 431
 432 <p><strong>1.1. Methodology</strong>
 433
 434 <p>Due to its technical configuration, Popcorn Time applications don't
 435 allow to make a full list of all titles made available. In order to
 436 evaluate the level of illegal operation of PCT, the following
 437 methodology was applied:</p>
 438
 439 <ol>
 440
 441  <li>A random selection of 50 keywords, greater than 3 letters, was
 442     made from the Dale-Chall list that contains 3000 simple English
 443     words1. The selection was made by using a Random Number
 444     Generator2.</li>
 445
 446  <li>For each keyword, starting with the first randomly selected
 447     keyword, a search query was conducted in the movie section of the
 448     respective Popcorn Time application. For each keyword, the first
 449     five results were added to the title list until the number of 100
 450     unique titles was reached (duplicates were removed).</li>
 451
 452  <li>For one fork, .CH, insufficient titles were generated via this
 453     approach to reach 100 titles. This was solved by adding any
 454     additional query results above five for each of the 50 keywords.
 455     Since this still was not enough, another 42 random keywords were
 456     selected to finally reach 100 titles.</li>
 457
 458  <li>It was verified whether or not there is a reasonable expectation
 459     that the work is copyrighted by checking if they are available on
 460     IMDb, also verifying the director, the year when the title was
 461     released, the release date for a certain market, the production
 462     company/ies of the title and the distribution company/ies.</li>
 463
 464 </ol>
 465
 466 <p><strong>1.2. Results</strong></p>
 467
 468 <p>Between 6 and 9 June 2016, four forks of Popcorn Time were
 469 investigated: popcorn-time.to, popcorntime.ag, popcorntime.sh and
 470 popcorntime.ch. An excel sheet with the results is included in
 471 Appendix 1. Screenshots were secured in separate Appendixes for each
 472 respective fork, see Appendix 2-5.</p>
 473
 474 <p>For each fork, out of 100, de-duplicated titles it was possible to
 475 retrieve data according to the parameters set out above that indicate
 476 that the title is commercially available. Per fork, there was 1 title
 477 that presumably falls within the public domain, i.e. the 1928 movie
 478 "The Circus" by and with Charles Chaplin.</p>
 479
 480 <p>Based on the above it is reasonable to assume that 99% of the movie
 481 content of each fork is copyright protected and is made available
 482 illegally.</p>
 483
 484 <p>This exercise was not repeated for TV series, but considering that
 485 besides production companies and distribution companies also
 486 broadcasters may have relevant rights, it is reasonable to assume that
 487 at least a similar level of infringement will be established.</p>
 488
 489 <p>Based on the above it is reasonable to assume that 99% of all the
 490 content of each fork is copyright protected and are made available
 491 illegally.</p>
 492 </div>
 493       <div class="tags">
 494
 495
 496         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 497
 498
 499       </div>
 500     </div>
 501     <div class="padding"></div>
 502
 503     <div class="entry">
 504       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Cura__the_nice_3D_print_slicer__is_now_in_Debian_Unstable.html">Cura, the nice 3D print slicer, is now in Debian Unstable</a></div>
 505       <div class="date">17th December 2017</div>
 506       <div class="body"><p>After several months of working and waiting, I am happy to report
 507 that the nice and user friendly 3D printer slicer software Cura just
 508 entered Debian Unstable.  It consist of five packages,
 509 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/cura">cura</a>,
 510 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/cura-engine">cura-engine</a>,
 511 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libarcus">libarcus</a>,
 512 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/fdm-materials">fdm-materials</a>,
 513 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libsavitar">libsavitar</a> and
 514 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/uranium">uranium</a>.  The last
 515 two, uranium and cura, entered Unstable yesterday.  This should make
 516 it easier for Debian users to print on at least the Ultimaker class of
 517 3D printers.  My nearest 3D printer is an Ultimaker 2+, so it will
 518 make life easier for at least me. :)</p>
 519
 520 <p>The work to make this happen was done by Gregor Riepl, and I was
 521 happy to assist him in sponsoring the packages.  With the introduction
 522 of Cura, Debian is up to three 3D printer slicers at your service,
 523 Cura, Slic3r and Slic3r Prusa.  If you own or have access to a 3D
 524 printer, give it a go. :)</p>
 525
 526 <p>The 3D printer software is maintained by the 3D printer Debian
 527 team, flocking together on the
 528 <a href="http://lists.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/3dprinter-general">3dprinter-general</a>
 529 mailing list and the
 530 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/#debian-3dprinting">#debian-3dprinting</a>
 531 IRC channel.</p>
 532
 533 <p>The next step for Cura in Debian is to update the cura package to
 534 version 3.0.3 and then update the entire set of packages to version
 535 3.1.0 which showed up the last few days.</p>
 536 </div>
 537       <div class="tags">
 538
 539
 540         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 541
 542
 543       </div>
 544     </div>
 545     <div class="padding"></div>
 546
 547     <div class="entry">
 548       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Idea_for_finding_all_public_domain_movies_in_the_USA.html">Idea for finding all public domain movies in the USA</a></div>
 549       <div class="date">13th December 2017</div>
 550       <div class="body"><p>While looking at
 551 <a href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/cce/">the scanned copies
 552 for the copyright renewal entries for movies published in the USA</a>,
 553 an idea occurred to me.  The number of renewals are so few per year, it
 554 should be fairly quick to transcribe them all and add references to
 555 the corresponding IMDB title ID.  This would give the (presumably)
 556 complete list of movies published 28 years earlier that did _not_
 557 enter the public domain for the transcribed year.  By fetching the
 558 list of USA movies published 28 years earlier and subtract the movies
 559 with renewals, we should be left with movies registered in IMDB that
 560 are now in the public domain.  For the year 1955 (which is the one I
 561 have looked at the most), the total number of pages to transcribe is
 562 21.  For the 28 years from 1950 to 1978, it should be in the range
 563 500-600 pages.  It is just a few days of work, and spread among a
 564 small group of people it should be doable in a few weeks of spare
 565 time.</p>
 566
 567 <p>A typical copyright renewal entry look like this (the first one
 568 listed for 1955):</p>
 569
 570 <p><blockquote>
 571   ADAM AND EVIL, a photoplay in seven reels by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
 572   Distribution Corp. (c) 17Aug27; L24293. Loew's Incorporated (PWH);
 573   10Jun55; R151558.
 574 </blockquote></p>
 575
 576 <p>The movie title as well as registration and renewal dates are easy
 577 enough to locate by a program (split on first comma and look for
 578 DDmmmYY).  The rest of the text is not required to find the movie in
 579 IMDB, but is useful to confirm the correct movie is found.  I am not
 580 quite sure what the L and R numbers mean, but suspect they are
 581 reference numbers into the archive of the US Copyright Office.</p>
 582
 583 <p>Tracking down the equivalent IMDB title ID is probably going to be
 584 a manual task, but given the year it is fairly easy to search for the
 585 movie title using for example
 586 <a href="http://www.imdb.com/find?q=adam+and+evil+1927&s=all">http://www.imdb.com/find?q=adam+and+evil+1927&s=all</a>.
 587 Using this search, I find that the equivalent IMDB title ID for the
 588 first renewal entry from 1955 is
 589 <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0017588/">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0017588/</a>.</p>
 590
 591 <p>I suspect the best way to do this would be to make a specialised
 592 web service to make it easy for contributors to transcribe and track
 593 down IMDB title IDs.  In the web service, once a entry is transcribed,
 594 the title and year could be extracted from the text, a search in IMDB
 595 conducted for the user to pick the equivalent IMDB title ID right
 596 away.  By spreading out the work among volunteers, it would also be
 597 possible to make at least two persons transcribe the same entries to
 598 be able to discover any typos introduced.  But I will need help to
 599 make this happen, as I lack the spare time to do all of this on my
 600 own.  If you would like to help, please get in touch.  Perhaps you can
 601 draft a web service for crowd sourcing the task?</p>
 602
 603 <p>Note, Project Gutenberg already have some
 604 <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=copyright+office+renewals">transcribed
 605 copies of the US Copyright Office renewal protocols</a>, but I have
 606 not been able to find any film renewals there, so I suspect they only
 607 have copies of renewal for written works.  I have not been able to find
 608 any transcribed versions of movie renewals so far.  Perhaps they exist
 609 somewhere?</p>
 610
 611 <p>I would love to figure out methods for finding all the public
 612 domain works in other countries too, but it is a lot harder.  At least
 613 for Norway and Great Britain, such work involve tracking down the
 614 people involved in making the movie and figuring out when they died.
 615 It is hard enough to figure out who was part of making a movie, but I
 616 do not know how to automate such procedure without a registry of every
 617 person involved in making movies and their death year.</p>
 618
 619 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 620 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 621 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 622 </div>
 623       <div class="tags">
 624
 625
 626         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
 627
 628
 629       </div>
 630     </div>
 631     <div class="padding"></div>
 632
 633     <div class="entry">
 634       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Is_the_short_movie__Empty_Socks__from_1927_in_the_public_domain_or_not_.html">Is the short movie «Empty Socks» from 1927 in the public domain or not?</a></div>
 635       <div class="date"> 5th December 2017</div>
 636       <div class="body"><p>Three years ago, a presumed lost animation film,
 637 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_Socks">Empty Socks from
 638 1927</a>, was discovered in the Norwegian National Library.  At the
 639 time it was discovered, it was generally assumed to be copyrighted by
 640 The Walt Disney Company, and I blogged about
 641 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Opphavsretts_status_for__Empty_Socks__fra_1927_.html">my
 642 reasoning to conclude</a> that it would would enter the Norwegian
 643 equivalent of the public domain in 2053, based on my understanding of
 644 Norwegian Copyright Law.  But a few days ago, I came across
 645 <a href="http://www.toonzone.net/forums/threads/exposed-disneys-repurchase-of-oswald-the-rabbit-a-sham.4792291/">a
 646 blog post claiming the movie was already in the public domain</a>, at
 647 least in USA.  The reasoning is as follows: The film was released in
 648 November or Desember 1927 (sources disagree), and presumably
 649 registered its copyright that year.  At that time, right holders of
 650 movies registered by the copyright office received government
 651 protection for there work for 28 years.  After 28 years, the copyright
 652 had to be renewed if the wanted the government to protect it further.
 653 The blog post I found claim such renewal did not happen for this
 654 movie, and thus it entered the public domain in 1956.  Yet someone
 655 claim the copyright was renewed and the movie is still copyright
 656 protected.  Can anyone help me to figure out which claim is correct?
 657 I have not been able to find Empty Socks in Catalog of copyright
 658 entries.  Ser.3 pt.12-13 v.9-12 1955-1958 Motion Pictures
 659 <a href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/cce/1955r.html#film">available
 660 from the University of Pennsylvania</a>, neither in
 661 <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015084451130;page=root;view=image;size=100;seq=83;num=45">page
 662 45 for the first half of 1955</a>, nor in
 663 <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015084451130;page=root;view=image;size=100;seq=175;num=119">page
 664 119 for the second half of 1955</a>.  It is of course possible that
 665 the renewal entry was left out of the printed catalog by mistake.  Is
 666 there some way to rule out this possibility?  Please help, and update
 667 the wikipedia page with your findings.
 668
 669 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 670 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 671 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 672 </div>
 673       <div class="tags">
 674
 675
 676         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 677
 678
 679       </div>
 680     </div>
 681     <div class="padding"></div>
 682
 683     <div class="entry">
 684       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Metadata_proposal_for_movies_on_the_Internet_Archive.html">Metadata proposal for movies on the Internet Archive</a></div>
 685       <div class="date">28th November 2017</div>
 686       <div class="body"><p>It would be easier to locate the movie you want to watch in
 687 <a href="https://www.archive.org/">the Internet Archive</a>, if the
 688 metadata about each movie was more complete and accurate.  In the
 689 archiving community, a well known saying state that good metadata is a
 690 love letter to the future.  The metadata in the Internet Archive could
 691 use a face lift for the future to love us back.  Here is a proposal
 692 for a small improvement that would make the metadata more useful
 693 today.  I've been unable to find any document describing the various
 694 standard fields available when uploading videos to the archive, so
 695 this proposal is based on my best quess and searching through several
 696 of the existing movies.</p>
 697
 698 <p>I have a few use cases in mind.  First of all, I would like to be
 699 able to count the number of distinct movies in the Internet Archive,
 700 without duplicates.  I would further like to identify the IMDB title
 701 ID of the movies in the Internet Archive, to be able to look up a IMDB
 702 title ID and know if I can fetch the video from there and share it
 703 with my friends.</p>
 704
 705 <p>Second, I would like the Butter data provider for The Internet
 706 archive
 707 (<a href="https://github.com/butterproviders/butter-provider-archive">available
 708 from github</a>), to list as many of the good movies as possible.  The
 709 plugin currently do a search in the archive with the following
 710 parameters:</p>
 711
 712 <p><pre>
 713 collection:moviesandfilms
 714 AND NOT collection:movie_trailers
 715 AND -mediatype:collection
 716 AND format:"Archive BitTorrent"
 717 AND year
 718 </pre></p>
 719
 720 <p>Most of the cool movies that fail to show up in Butter do so
 721 because the 'year' field is missing.  The 'year' field is populated by
 722 the year part from the 'date' field, and should be when the movie was
 723 released (date or year).  Two such examples are
 724 <a href="https://archive.org/details/SidneyOlcottsBen-hur1905">Ben Hur
 725 from 1905</a> and
 726 <a href="https://archive.org/details/Caminandes2GranDillama">Caminandes
 727 2: Gran Dillama from 2013</a>, where the year metadata field is
 728 missing.</p>
 729
 730 So, my proposal is simply, for every movie in The Internet Archive
 731 where an IMDB title ID exist, please fill in these metadata fields
 732 (note, they can be updated also long after the video was uploaded, but
 733 as far as I can tell, only by the uploader):
 734
 735 <dl>
 736
 737 <dt>mediatype</dt>
 738 <dd>Should be 'movie' for movies.</dd>
 739
 740 <dt>collection</dt>
 741 <dd>Should contain 'moviesandfilms'.</dd>
 742
 743 <dt>title</dt>
 744 <dd>The title of the movie, without the publication year.</dd>
 745
 746 <dt>date</dt>
 747 <dd>The data or year the movie was released.  This make the movie show
 748 up in Butter, as well as make it possible to know the age of the
 749 movie and is useful to figure out copyright status.</dd>
 750
 751 <dt>director</dt>
 752 <dd>The director of the movie.  This make it easier to know if the
 753 correct movie is found in movie databases.</dd>
 754
 755 <dt>publisher</dt>
 756 <dd>The production company making the movie.  Also useful for
 757 identifying the correct movie.</dd>
 758
 759 <dt>links</dt>
 760
 761 <dd>Add a link to the IMDB title page, for example like this: &lt;a
 762 href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0028496/"&gt;Movie in
 763 IMDB&lt;/a&gt;.  This make it easier to find duplicates and allow for
 764 counting of number of unique movies in the Archive.  Other external
 765 references, like to TMDB, could be added like this too.</dd>
 766
 767 </dl>
 768
 769 <p>I did consider proposing a Custom field for the IMDB title ID (for
 770 example 'imdb_title_url', 'imdb_code' or simply 'imdb', but suspect it
 771 will be easier to simply place it in the links free text field.</p>
 772
 773 <p>I created
 774 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/public-domain-free-imdb">a
 775 list of IMDB title IDs for several thousand movies in the Internet
 776 Archive</a>, but I also got a list of several thousand movies without
 777 such IMDB title ID (and quite a few duplicates).  It would be great if
 778 this data set could be integrated into the Internet Archive metadata
 779 to be available for everyone in the future, but with the current
 780 policy of leaving metadata editing to the uploaders, it will take a
 781 while before this happen.  If you have uploaded movies into the
 782 Internet Archive, you can help.  Please consider following my proposal
 783 above for your movies, to ensure that movie is properly
 784 counted. :)</p>
 785
 786 <p>The list is mostly generated using wikidata, which based on
 787 Wikipedia articles make it possible to link between IMDB and movies in
 788 the Internet Archive.  But there are lots of movies without a
 789 Wikipedia article, and some movies where only a collection page exist
 790 (like for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caminandes">the
 791 Caminandes example above</a>, where there are three movies but only
 792 one Wikidata entry).</p>
 793
 794 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 795 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 796 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 797 </div>
 798       <div class="tags">
 799
 800
 801         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
 802
 803
 804       </div>
 805     </div>
 806     <div class="padding"></div>
 807
 808     <div class="entry">
 809       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Legal_to_share_more_than_3000_movies_listed_on_IMDB_.html">Legal to share more than 3000 movies listed on IMDB?</a></div>
 810       <div class="date">18th November 2017</div>
 811       <div class="body"><p>A month ago, I blogged about my work to
 812 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Locating_IMDB_IDs_of_movies_in_the_Internet_Archive_using_Wikidata.html">automatically
 813 check the copyright status of IMDB entries</a>, and try to count the
 814 number of movies listed in IMDB that is legal to distribute on the
 815 Internet.  I have continued to look for good data sources, and
 816 identified a few more.  The code used to extract information from
 817 various data sources is available in
 818 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/public-domain-free-imdb">a
 819 git repository</a>, currently available from github.</p>
 820
 821 <p>So far I have identified 3186 unique IMDB title IDs.  To gain
 822 better understanding of the structure of the data set, I created a
 823 histogram of the year associated with each movie (typically release
 824 year).  It is interesting to notice where the peaks and dips in the
 825 graph are located.  I wonder why they are placed there.  I suspect
 826 World War II caused the dip around 1940, but what caused the peak
 827 around 2010?</p>
 828
 829 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-11-18-verk-i-det-fri-filmer.png" /></p>
 830
 831 <p>I've so far identified ten sources for IMDB title IDs for movies in
 832 the public domain or with a free license.  This is the statistics
 833 reported when running 'make stats' in the git repository:</p>
 834
 835 <pre>
 836   249 entries (    6 unique) with and   288 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-archive-org-butter.json
 837  2301 entries (  540 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-archive-org-wikidata.json
 838   830 entries (   29 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-icheckmovies-archive-mochard.json
 839  2109 entries (  377 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-pd.json
 840   291 entries (  122 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-letterboxd-pd.json
 841   144 entries (  135 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-manual.json
 842   350 entries (    1 unique) with and   801 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainmovies.json
 843     4 entries (    0 unique) with and   124 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainreview.json
 844   698 entries (  119 unique) with and   118 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomaintorrents.json
 845     8 entries (    8 unique) with and   196 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-vodo.json
 846  3186 unique IMDB title IDs in total
 847 </pre>
 848
 849 <p>The entries without IMDB title ID are candidates to increase the
 850 data set, but might equally well be duplicates of entries already
 851 listed with IMDB title ID in one of the other sources, or represent
 852 movies that lack a IMDB title ID.  I've seen examples of all these
 853 situations when peeking at the entries without IMDB title ID.  Based
 854 on these data sources, the lower bound for movies listed in IMDB that
 855 are legal to distribute on the Internet is between 3186 and 4713.
 856
 857 <p>It would be great for improving the accuracy of this measurement,
 858 if the various sources added IMDB title ID to their metadata.  I have
 859 tried to reach the people behind the various sources to ask if they
 860 are interested in doing this, without any replies so far.  Perhaps you
 861 can help me get in touch with the people behind VODO, Public Domain
 862 Torrents, Public Domain Movies and Public Domain Review to try to
 863 convince them to add more metadata to their movie entries?</p>
 864
 865 <p>Another way you could help is by adding pages to Wikipedia about
 866 movies that are legal to distribute on the Internet.  If such page
 867 exist and include a link to both IMDB and The Internet Archive, the
 868 script used to generate free-movies-archive-org-wikidata.json should
 869 pick up the mapping as soon as wikidata is updates.</p>
 870
 871 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 872 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 873 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 874 </div>
 875       <div class="tags">
 876
 877
 878         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
 879
 880
 881       </div>
 882     </div>
 883     <div class="padding"></div>
 884
 885     <div class="entry">
 886       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Some_notes_on_fault_tolerant_storage_systems.html">Some notes on fault tolerant storage systems</a></div>
 887       <div class="date"> 1st November 2017</div>
 888       <div class="body"><p>If you care about how fault tolerant your storage is, you might
 889 find these articles and papers interesting.  They have formed how I
 890 think of when designing a storage system.</p>
 891
 892 <ul>
 893
 894 <li>USENIX :login; <a
 895 href="https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/summer2017/ganesan">Redundancy
 896 Does Not Imply Fault Tolerance.  Analysis of Distributed Storage
 897 Reactions to Single Errors and Corruptions</a> by Aishwarya Ganesan,
 898 Ramnatthan Alagappan, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau, and Remzi
 899 H. Arpaci-Dusseau</li>
 900
 901 <li>ZDNet
 902 <a href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/why-raid-5-stops-working-in-2009/">Why
 903 RAID 5 stops working in 2009</a> by Robin Harris</li>
 904
 905 <li>ZDNet
 906 <a href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/why-raid-6-stops-working-in-2019/">Why
 907 RAID 6 stops working in 2019</a> by Robin Harris</li>
 908
 909 <li>USENIX FAST'07
 910 <a href="http://research.google.com/archive/disk_failures.pdf">Failure
 911 Trends in a Large Disk Drive Population</a> by Eduardo Pinheiro,
 912 Wolf-Dietrich Weber and Luiz André Barroso</li>
 913
 914 <li>USENIX ;login: <a
 915 href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/login/articles/hughes12-04.pdf">Data
 916 Integrity.  Finding Truth in a World of Guesses and Lies</a> by Doug
 917 Hughes</li>
 918
 919 <li>USENIX FAST'08
 920 <a href="https://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/full_papers/bairavasundaram/bairavasundaram_html/">An
 921 Analysis of Data Corruption in the Storage Stack</a> by
 922 L. N. Bairavasundaram, G. R. Goodson, B. Schroeder, A. C.
 923 Arpaci-Dusseau, and R. H. Arpaci-Dusseau</li>
 924
 925 <li>USENIX FAST'07 <a
 926 href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/fast07/tech/schroeder/schroeder_html/">Disk
 927 failures in the real world: what does an MTTF of 1,000,000 hours mean
 928 to you?</a> by B. Schroeder and G. A. Gibson.</li>
 929
 930 <li>USENIX ;login: <a
 931 href="https://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/full_papers/jiang/jiang_html/">Are
 932 Disks the Dominant Contributor for Storage Failures?  A Comprehensive
 933 Study of Storage Subsystem Failure Characteristics</a> by Weihang
 934 Jiang, Chongfeng Hu, Yuanyuan Zhou, and Arkady Kanevsky</li>
 935
 936 <li>SIGMETRICS 2007
 937 <a href="http://research.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/latent-sigmetrics07.pdf">An
 938 analysis of latent sector errors in disk drives</a> by
 939 L. N. Bairavasundaram, G. R. Goodson, S. Pasupathy, and J. Schindler</li>
 940
 941 </ul>
 942
 943 <p>Several of these research papers are based on data collected from
 944 hundred thousands or millions of disk, and their findings are eye
 945 opening.  The short story is simply do not implicitly trust RAID or
 946 redundant storage systems.  Details matter.  And unfortunately there
 947 are few options on Linux addressing all the identified issues.  Both
 948 ZFS and Btrfs are doing a fairly good job, but have legal and
 949 practical issues on their own.  I wonder how cluster file systems like
 950 Ceph do in this regard.  After all, there is an old saying, you know
 951 you have a distributed system when the crash of a computer you have
 952 never heard of stops you from getting any work done.  The same holds
 953 true if fault tolerance do not work.</p>
 954
 955 <p>Just remember, in the end, it do not matter how redundant, or how
 956 fault tolerant your storage is, if you do not continuously monitor its
 957 status to detect and replace failed disks.</p>
 958
 959 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 960 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 961 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 962 </div>
 963       <div class="tags">
 964
 965
 966         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin</a>.
 967
 968
 969       </div>
 970     </div>
 971     <div class="padding"></div>
 972
 973     <div class="entry">
 974       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Web_services_for_writing_academic_LaTeX_papers_as_a_team.html">Web services for writing academic LaTeX papers as a team</a></div>
 975       <div class="date">31st October 2017</div>
 976       <div class="body"><p>I was surprised today to learn that a friend in academia did not
 977 know there are easily available web services available for writing
 978 LaTeX documents as a team.  I thought it was common knowledge, but to
 979 make sure at least my readers are aware of it, I would like to mention
 980 these useful services for writing LaTeX documents.  Some of them even
 981 provide a WYSIWYG editor to ease writing even further.</p>
 982
 983 <p>There are two commercial services available,
 984 <a href="https://sharelatex.com">ShareLaTeX</a> and
 985 <a href="https://overleaf.com">Overleaf</a>.  They are very easy to
 986 use.  Just start a new document, select which publisher to write for
 987 (ie which LaTeX style to use), and start writing.  Note, these two
 988 have announced their intention to join forces, so soon it will only be
 989 one joint service.  I've used both for different documents, and they
 990 work just fine.  While
 991 <a href="https://github.com/sharelatex/sharelatex">ShareLaTeX is free
 992 software</a>, while the latter is not.  According to <a
 993 href="https://www.overleaf.com/help/17-is-overleaf-open-source">a
 994 announcement from Overleaf</a>, they plan to keep the ShareLaTeX code
 995 base maintained as free software.</p>
 996
 997 But these two are not the only alternatives.
 998 <a href="https://app.fiduswriter.org/">Fidus Writer</a> is another free
 999 software solution with <a href="https://github.com/fiduswriter">the
1000 source available on github</a>.  I have not used it myself.  Several
1001 others can be found on the nice
1002 <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/sharelatex/">alterntiveTo
1003 web service</a>.
1004
1005 <p>If you like Google Docs or Etherpad, but would like to write
1006 documents in LaTeX, you should check out these services.  You can even
1007 host your own, if you want to. :)</p>
1008
1009 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
1010 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
1011 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
1012 </div>
1013       <div class="tags">
1014
1015
1016         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
1017
1018
1019       </div>
1020     </div>
1021     <div class="padding"></div>
1022
1023     <div class="entry">
1024       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Locating_IMDB_IDs_of_movies_in_the_Internet_Archive_using_Wikidata.html">Locating IMDB IDs of movies in the Internet Archive using Wikidata</a></div>
1025       <div class="date">25th October 2017</div>
1026       <div class="body"><p>Recently, I needed to automatically check the copyright status of a
1027 set of <a href="http://www.imdb.com/">The Internet Movie database
1028 (IMDB)</a> entries, to figure out which one of the movies they refer
1029 to can be freely distributed on the Internet.  This proved to be
1030 harder than it sounds.  IMDB for sure list movies without any
1031 copyright protection, where the copyright protection has expired or
1032 where the movie is lisenced using a permissive license like one from
1033 Creative Commons.  These are mixed with copyright protected movies,
1034 and there seem to be no way to separate these classes of movies using
1035 the information in IMDB.</p>
1036
1037 <p>First I tried to look up entries manually in IMDB,
1038 <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a> and
1039 <a href="https://www.archive.org/">The Internet Archive</a>, to get a
1040 feel how to do this.  It is hard to know for sure using these sources,
1041 but it should be possible to be reasonable confident a movie is "out
1042 of copyright" with a few hours work per movie.  As I needed to check
1043 almost 20,000 entries, this approach was not sustainable.  I simply
1044 can not work around the clock for about 6 years to check this data
1045 set.</p>
1046
1047 <p>I asked the people behind The Internet Archive if they could
1048 introduce a new metadata field in their metadata XML for IMDB ID, but
1049 was told that they leave it completely to the uploaders to update the
1050 metadata.  Some of the metadata entries had IMDB links in the
1051 description, but I found no way to download all metadata files in bulk
1052 to locate those ones and put that approach aside.</p>
1053
1054 <p>In the process I noticed several Wikipedia articles about movies
1055 had links to both IMDB and The Internet Archive, and it occured to me
1056 that I could use the Wikipedia RDF data set to locate entries with
1057 both, to at least get a lower bound on the number of movies on The
1058 Internet Archive with a IMDB ID.  This is useful based on the
1059 assumption that movies distributed by The Internet Archive can be
1060 legally distributed on the Internet.  With some help from the RDF
1061 community (thank you DanC), I was able to come up with this query to
1062 pass to <a href="https://query.wikidata.org/">the SPARQL interface on
1063 Wikidata</a>:
1064
1065 <p><pre>
1066 SELECT ?work ?imdb ?ia ?when ?label
1067 WHERE
1068 {
1069   ?work wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q11424.
1070   ?work wdt:P345 ?imdb.
1071   ?work wdt:P724 ?ia.
1072   OPTIONAL {
1073         ?work wdt:P577 ?when.
1074         ?work rdfs:label ?label.
1075         FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
1076   }
1077 }
1078 </pre></p>
1079
1080 <p>If I understand the query right, for every film entry anywhere in
1081 Wikpedia, it will return the IMDB ID and The Internet Archive ID, and
1082 when the movie was released and its English title, if either or both
1083 of the latter two are available.  At the moment the result set contain
1084 2338 entries.  Of course, it depend on volunteers including both
1085 correct IMDB and The Internet Archive IDs in the wikipedia articles
1086 for the movie.  It should be noted that the result will include
1087 duplicates if the movie have entries in several languages.  There are
1088 some bogus entries, either because The Internet Archive ID contain a
1089 typo or because the movie is not available from The Internet Archive.
1090 I did not verify the IMDB IDs, as I am unsure how to do that
1091 automatically.</p>
1092
1093 <p>I wrote a small python script to extract the data set from Wikidata
1094 and check if the XML metadata for the movie is available from The
1095 Internet Archive, and after around 1.5 hour it produced a list of 2097
1096 free movies and their IMDB ID.  In total, 171 entries in Wikidata lack
1097 the refered Internet Archive entry.  I assume the 70 "disappearing"
1098 entries (ie 2338-2097-171) are duplicate entries.</p>
1099
1100 <p>This is not too bad, given that The Internet Archive report to
1101 contain <a href="https://archive.org/details/feature_films">5331
1102 feature films</a> at the moment, but it also mean more than 3000
1103 movies are missing on Wikipedia or are missing the pair of references
1104 on Wikipedia.</p>
1105
1106 <p>I was curious about the distribution by release year, and made a
1107 little graph to show how the amount of free movies is spread over the
1108 years:<p>
1109
1110 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-10-25-verk-i-det-fri-filmer.png"></p>
1111
1112 <p>I expect the relative distribution of the remaining 3000 movies to
1113 be similar.</p>
1114
1115 <p>If you want to help, and want to ensure Wikipedia can be used to
1116 cross reference The Internet Archive and The Internet Movie Database,
1117 please make sure entries like this are listed under the "External
1118 links" heading on the Wikipedia article for the movie:</p>
1119
1120 <p><pre>
1121 * {{Internet Archive film|id=FightingLady}}
1122 * {{IMDb title|id=0036823|title=The Fighting Lady}}
1123 </pre></p>
1124
1125 <p>Please verify the links on the final page, to make sure you did not
1126 introduce a typo.</p>
1127
1128 <p>Here is the complete list, if you want to correct the 171
1129 identified Wikipedia entries with broken links to The Internet
1130 Archive: <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1140317">Q1140317</a>,
1131 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q458656">Q458656</a>,
1132 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q458656">Q458656</a>,
1133 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q470560">Q470560</a>,
1134 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q743340">Q743340</a>,
1135 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q822580">Q822580</a>,
1136 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q480696">Q480696</a>,
1137 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q128761">Q128761</a>,
1138 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1307059">Q1307059</a>,
1139 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1335091">Q1335091</a>,
1140 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1537166">Q1537166</a>,
1141 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1438334">Q1438334</a>,
1142 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1479751">Q1479751</a>,
1143 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1497200">Q1497200</a>,
1144 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1498122">Q1498122</a>,
1145 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q865973">Q865973</a>,
1146 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q834269">Q834269</a>,
1147 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q841781">Q841781</a>,
1148 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q841781">Q841781</a>,
1149 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1548193">Q1548193</a>,
1150 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q499031">Q499031</a>,
1151 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1564769">Q1564769</a>,
1152 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1585239">Q1585239</a>,
1153 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1585569">Q1585569</a>,
1154 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1624236">Q1624236</a>,
1155 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4796595">Q4796595</a>,
1156 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4853469">Q4853469</a>,
1157 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4873046">Q4873046</a>,
1158 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q915016">Q915016</a>,
1159 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4660396">Q4660396</a>,
1160 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4677708">Q4677708</a>,
1161 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4738449">Q4738449</a>,
1162 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4756096">Q4756096</a>,
1163 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4766785">Q4766785</a>,
1164 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q880357">Q880357</a>,
1165 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q882066">Q882066</a>,
1166 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q882066">Q882066</a>,
1167 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q204191">Q204191</a>,
1168 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q204191">Q204191</a>,
1169 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1194170">Q1194170</a>,
1170 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q940014">Q940014</a>,
1171 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q946863">Q946863</a>,
1172 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q172837">Q172837</a>,
1173 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q573077">Q573077</a>,
1174 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1219005">Q1219005</a>,
1175 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1219599">Q1219599</a>,
1176 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1643798">Q1643798</a>,
1177 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1656352">Q1656352</a>,
1178 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1659549">Q1659549</a>,
1179 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1660007">Q1660007</a>,
1180 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1698154">Q1698154</a>,
1181 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1737980">Q1737980</a>,
1182 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1877284">Q1877284</a>,
1183 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1199354">Q1199354</a>,
1184 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1199354">Q1199354</a>,
1185 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1199451">Q1199451</a>,
1186 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1211871">Q1211871</a>,
1187 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1212179">Q1212179</a>,
1188 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1238382">Q1238382</a>,
1189 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4906454">Q4906454</a>,
1190 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q320219">Q320219</a>,
1191 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1148649">Q1148649</a>,
1192 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q645094">Q645094</a>,
1193 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5050350">Q5050350</a>,
1194 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5166548">Q5166548</a>,
1195 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2677926">Q2677926</a>,
1196 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2698139">Q2698139</a>,
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1249 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7703851">Q7703851</a>,
1250 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7747041">Q7747041</a>,
1251 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6544949">Q6544949</a>,
1252 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6672759">Q6672759</a>,
1253 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2445896">Q2445896</a>,
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1265 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2294295">Q2294295</a>,
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1270 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4744">Q4744</a>,
1271 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7766962">Q7766962</a>,
1272 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7768516">Q7768516</a>,
1273 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7769205">Q7769205</a>,
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1275 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2946945">Q2946945</a>,
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1280 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q18218448">Q18218448</a>,
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1282 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7405709">Q7405709</a>,
1283 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7416149">Q7416149</a>,
1284 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7239952">Q7239952</a>,
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1299 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3429733">Q3429733</a>,
1300 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q774474">Q774474</a></p>
1301
1302 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
1303 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
1304 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
1305 </div>
1306       <div class="tags">
1307
1308
1309         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
1310
1311
1312       </div>
1313     </div>
1314     <div class="padding"></div>
1315
1316     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1317     <div id="sidebar">
1318
1319
1320
1321 <h2>Archive</h2>
1322 <ul>
1323
1324 <li>2018
1325 <ul>
1326
1327 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
1328
1329 </ul></li>
1330
1331 <li>2017
1332 <ul>
1333
1334 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
1335
1336 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1337
1338 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
1339
1340 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
1341
1342 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
1343
1344 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
1345
1346 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
1347
1348 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
1349
1350 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
1351
1352 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1353
1354 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
1355
1356 </ul></li>
1357
1358 <li>2016
1359 <ul>
1360
1361 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
1362
1363 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
1364
1365 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1366
1367 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
1368
1369 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
1370
1371 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1372
1373 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1374
1375 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
1376
1377 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
1378
1379 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
1380
1381 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
1382
1383 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1384
1385 </ul></li>
1386
1387 <li>2015
1388 <ul>
1389
1390 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1391
1392 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1393
1394 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
1395
1396 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
1397
1398 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1399
1400 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
1401
1402 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
1403
1404 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1405
1406 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
1407
1408 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1409
1410 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
1411
1412 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1413
1414 </ul></li>
1415
1416 <li>2014
1417 <ul>
1418
1419 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1420
1421 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1422
1423 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
1424
1425 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1426
1427 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
1428
1429 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1430
1431 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1432
1433 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1434
1435 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1436
1437 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
1438
1439 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1440
1441 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1442
1443 </ul></li>
1444
1445 <li>2013
1446 <ul>
1447
1448 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1449
1450 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
1451
1452 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
1453
1454 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
1455
1456 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1457
1458 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
1459
1460 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1461
1462 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1463
1464 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1465
1466 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
1467
1468 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
1469
1470 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1471
1472 </ul></li>
1473
1474 <li>2012
1475 <ul>
1476
1477 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1478
1479 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1480
1481 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1482
1483 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1484
1485 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1486
1487 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1488
1489 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1490
1491 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1492
1493 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1494
1495 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1496
1497 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1498
1499 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1500
1501 </ul></li>
1502
1503 <li>2011
1504 <ul>
1505
1506 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1507
1508 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1509
1510 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1511
1512 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1513
1514 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1515
1516 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1517
1518 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1519
1520 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1521
1522 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1523
1524 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1525
1526 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1527
1528 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1529
1530 </ul></li>
1531
1532 <li>2010
1533 <ul>
1534
1535 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1536
1537 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1538
1539 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1540
1541 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1542
1543 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1544
1545 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1546
1547 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1548
1549 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1550
1551 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1552
1553 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1554
1555 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1556
1557 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1558
1559 </ul></li>
1560
1561 <li>2009
1562 <ul>
1563
1564 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1565
1566 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1567
1568 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1569
1570 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1571
1572 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1573
1574 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1575
1576 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1577
1578 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1579
1580 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1581
1582 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1583
1584 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1585
1586 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1587
1588 </ul></li>
1589
1590 <li>2008
1591 <ul>
1592
1593 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1594
1595 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1596
1597 </ul></li>
1598
1599 </ul>
1600
1601
1602
1603 <h2>Tags</h2>
1604 <ul>
1605
1606  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (15)</a></li>
1607
1608  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1609
1610  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1611
1612  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1613
1614  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (9)</a></li>
1615
1616  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (16)</a></li>
1617
1618  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1619
1620  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1621
1622  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (155)</a></li>
1623
1624  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (158)</a></li>
1625
1626  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (4)</a></li>
1627
1628  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1629
1630  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (17)</a></li>
1631
1632  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (24)</a></li>
1633
1634  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1635
1636  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (364)</a></li>
1637
1638  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1639
1640  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (13)</a></li>
1641
1642  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (32)</a></li>
1643
1644  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1645
1646  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (18)</a></li>
1647
1648  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1649
1650  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1651
1652  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (15)</a></li>
1653
1654  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (20)</a></li>
1655
1656  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1657
1658  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (4)</a></li>
1659
1660  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1661
1662  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1663
1664  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1665
1666  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1667
1668  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (39)</a></li>
1669
1670  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (9)</a></li>
1671
1672  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (294)</a></li>
1673
1674  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (190)</a></li>
1675
1676  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (33)</a></li>
1677
1678  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1679
1680  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (71)</a></li>
1681
1682  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (104)</a></li>
1683
1684  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
1685
1686  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1687
1688  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1689
1690  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1691
1692  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (10)</a></li>
1693
1694  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1695
1696  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (5)</a></li>
1697
1698  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1699
1700  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (53)</a></li>
1701
1702  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1703
1704  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
1705
1706  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (55)</a></li>
1707
1708  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (6)</a></li>
1709
1710  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (12)</a></li>
1711
1712  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (52)</a></li>
1713
1714  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (4)</a></li>
1715
1716  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1717
1718  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
1719
1720  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (10)</a></li>
1721
1722  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (61)</a></li>
1723
1724  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1725
1726  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (40)</a></li>
1727
1728 </ul>
1729
1730
1731     </div>
1732     <p style="text-align: right">
1733  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1734 </p>
1735
1736   </body>
1737 </html>