*Paul and Sarah *
-# Part 1
# The Big Picture
creativecommons.org/share-your-work/.
-# Part 2
# The Case Studies
data[at] = '%s %s' % ['#' * item[0], data[at]]
end
-
+# We have the explicit strings "Part 1" and "Part 2" as structural
+# elements — They are to be generated upon book compilation. Nuke
+# them.
+data.delete("# Part 1")
+data.delete("# Part 2")
# Join erroneously split paragraphs: Write the contents of the line
# _preceding_ the unneeded break, the break will be removed.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-18 10:28-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-13 12:28-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-10-09 03:27+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: Luis Enrique Amaya González "
-"<luisenrique.amayagonzalez@gmail.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: Spanish "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/es/>\n"
+"Last-Translator: Luis Enrique Amaya González <luisenrique."
+"amayagonzalez@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Spanish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
+"translation/es/>\n"
"Language: es\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
msgstr "*Paul y Sarah*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
-msgid "# Part 1"
-msgstr "# Parte 1"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr "# El panorama completo"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr "## Beneficios del procomún digital"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr "Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
"Internet; otras son antiguas como la tierra y la caligrafía.»1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:337
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
"sus recursos en línea a través de la Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
"equitativo, uso y sostenibilidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr "### El procomún, el mercado y el Estado"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
"gobierno) y el mercado—con los dos últimos siendo hoy las formas dominantes.4"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
"híbridos, mezclando las normas del procomún con las del mercado o Estado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
"variables de involucramiento con el procomún, el Estado y el mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
"de normas bajo las cuales operan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
"mezclar lo mejor de ambos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
"finanzas pueden ser designadas para promover el procomún."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
"una estrategia para el éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr "### Los cuatro aspectos de un recurso"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
"aplicar al procomún, el mercado y el Estado para este capítulo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
"el uso real del recurso junto con los resultados de ese uso (ver Fig. 2)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr "#### Características"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
"inherente del recuros."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
"requieren que se involucren con el mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
"de la escasez, es una característica inherente de los recursos digitales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"recursos digitales en el procomún los hace libres y abundantes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
"un recurso digital en uno físico."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
"sin disminuciones o mejorada."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr "#### Personas y procesos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
"tienen voz, así como la forma en que un recurso se gestiona."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
"recursos con base en prioridades y procedimientos del gobierno."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
"de una transacción de efectivo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
"personal."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr "#### Normas y reglas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"disputas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
"reglas que pasa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
"leyes financieras definidas por el Estado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
"equidad y sostenibilidad.9"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr "#### Objetivos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
"el procomún."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
"objetivos del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
"reflejan en mediciones de calidad de vida."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
"siendo usados de formas innovadoras para beneficio personal y social."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
"diferentes aspectos de la gestión de recursos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr "### Una corta historia del procomún"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
"noticiosos o discursos acerca del procomún."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
"historia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
"relación a el Estado y el mercado.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
"principal por la que los recursos se gestionaban. (Ver Fig. 5)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
"son gestionados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
"la sobreexplotación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"mercados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
"de acción colectiva.14"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
"precisa La tragedia del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
"que sea posible aplicar las normas y reglas usuales del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
"estos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr "### La revolución digital"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
"un conjunto de principios y libertades:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"La libertad de ejecutar un programa de software de la forma en que desee, "
"para cualquier propósito."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
"haga la computación cómo usted lo desee."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr "La libertad de redistribuir copias."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
"La libertad de distribuir a otras personas copias de versiones modificadas.16"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
"tipifican un procomún digital."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
"protocolos centrales de Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
"para aquellos Hechos con Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"accesarlo y usarlo sin el permiso del creador."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
"importa. Compartir nos hace sentir más involucrados con el mundo.19"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr "### El nacimiento de Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
"trabajo creativo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
"contenidos digitales en el procomún."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
"recursos educativos, música y otras pistas de audio y vídeos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
"diversidad.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"el movimiento del software libre y de código abierto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
"de forma libre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
"contribuyentes sean abiertos y libres para el público que pagó por estos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr "### El mercado cambiante"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
"ambiente natural y los rompimientos de la democracia.24"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
"el mercado, el Estado y la comunidad.25"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
"movilidad, la cohesión social y la seguridada.27"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
"activo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"cero.29"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
"objetivo común. El propósito es la abundancia sobre la escasez."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
"en este nuevo paisaje, ideando sus propios modelos y prácticas económicas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
"opera el mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
"alternativas de mercado están cambiando las reglas y normas del mercado.32"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
"países, este es marco de referencia útil acerca de modelos de negocios.33"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
"planear su modelo económico."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
"cuidadosamente usando un modelo predefinido."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"reduce el riesgo y brinda múltiples rutas hacia la sostenibilidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr "### Beneficios del procomún digital"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
"involucrarse con el procomún. El procomún digital ofrece muchos beneficios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
"distribución descentralizada amplifica el suministro y la experiencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
"justicia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
"que benefician a la sociedad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
"y supervisar los recursos y la relación con la comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
"local como globalmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
"al público y contribuye al valor del procomún en su totalidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
"unifica a las personas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
"opción favorecida."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr "### Nuestros casos de estudio"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
"final."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
"sostenible es la empresa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
"físicos. Otros nacen digitales pero pueden convertirse en recursos físicos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
"monetarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
"Construir e interactuar en esta comunidad global conduce al éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"procomún."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
"posible."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
"ideas de cómo trabaja."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr "### Notas"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr "Ibid., 15."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr "Ibid., 145."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr "Ibid., 175."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr "## Hecho con Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"público no solo accessarlo, sino también hacer uso de este."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
"generación de ingresos, definiciones de éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
"entrevistas e investigaciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"Creative Commons usando solo una perspectiva de negocio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
"cualquier cosa que uno quiera que signifique.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
"estudio), lo descartamos como nuestro rubro guía para el libro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
"de seguir leyendo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
"estar un poco desviado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
"simbolismo detrás de usar CC, y ese simbolismo tiene muchas capas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
"compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
"conexión."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
"del éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
"significado personal.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
"licencia Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
"es integral para el éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
"suficiente dinero para mantener las luces encendidas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
"antepasados por una fracción del precio.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
"la persona creadora se le pague o no, porque es un trabajo por amor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
"como realizar giras y entrenamiento personalizado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
"financieras de los esfuerzos creativos pueden ser mucho más modestas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
"mantener la operación funcionando día a día.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
"operar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
"ayuda a resolver el «problema cero.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr "### Problema Cero: ser descubierto"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
"físico no tuvo.»7 Ya no estamos limitados a lo que apela a las masas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
"tiene que llamar la atención de las personas correctas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
"que copien su trabajo y que lo compartan con otros es contraproducente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
"artístico.»12"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
"generado una inmensa cantidad de buena voluntad dentro de la comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
"criminalizados.»13"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
"creativo no tiene impacto en la capacidad de nadie más para usarlo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
"todas las oportunidades que el compartir desbloqueó para ellos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
"licencias CC demuestra que usted entiende la Internet.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
"hubieran podido hacer de otra manera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
"beneficio. Aquí hay unas cuantas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr "#### Usar CC para generar una audiencia más grande"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
"«©» significa), ¿cuál cree que sea más probable que las personas compartan?"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
"alcanzar tantas personas lectoras como sea posible."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
"prolifere."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
"por lo menos un indicador parcial de calidad o utilidad.18"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr "#### Usar CC para obtener atribución y reconocimiento de nombre"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
"justicia, como dar crédito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"citando su trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
"una parte especial del producto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
"confiable de información es más valioso que nunca."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
"#### Utilizar el contenido licenciado con CC como una herramienta "
"publicitaria"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
"llevar a la gente al otro producto o servicio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"de promoción."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
"libros de texto de OpenStax)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
"#### Utilizar CC para que otros se comprometan con tu trabajo y participen "
"activamente"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
"para la participación pública en el trabajo creativo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"la fotografía, la posibilidad de adaptar una foto es menos importante."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
"consumiendo algo creado por otro.25"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
"se conecte más profundamente con tu trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr "#### Usar CC para diferenciarse"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
"reglas impuestas”, dijo David. “Cambia las reglas del juego.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr "### Hacer dinero"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
"partir de un sentido de reciprocidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
"organizar las interacciones y cuándo no.”29"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
"alto de abstracción."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr "#### Flujos de ganancia basados en el mercado"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
"añadido que uno le provee al producto.31"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
"contra de la fuerza de la gravedad.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
"\"33"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
"detras de Hecho con Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
"servicio asociado con un costo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr "Aquí hay algunas de la categorias superiores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
msgid ""
"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
"\\]*"
"\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
"personalizadas de Jonathan \"Una-canción-al-dia\" Mann."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Cobrando por la copia física *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
"otro principio de trabajo tradicional."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Cobrando por la versión en persona *\\[BASADA EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"capacitación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Vendiendo mercancia *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
"Esto puede ser un flujo de ganancias importante para galerias y museos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"servicios que tambien se pueden proveer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
"#### Cobrando a los anunciantes o promotores *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"particular, o de toda la empresa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
"#### Cobrando a los creadores de contenido *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]\\*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
"contenido del website de The Conversation."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Cobrando una cuota por transacción *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]\\*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
"uno de los diseños en su plataforma."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
"#### Proporcionando un servicio a sus creadores *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
"reusable y localizable."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Licenciando una marca registrada *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
"mientras se toma ventaja de la abundancia del contenido bajo CC."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr "#### Flujos de ganancia basados en el mercado"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
"hecho dinero. No era simplemente acerca de monetizar la escasez."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
"valor dado y recibido sean estrictamente iguales.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
"evolucionar.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
"valor.41"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
"#### Membresías y donaciones individuales *\\[BASADAS EN LA RECIPROCIDAD\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
"estratega triunfe."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### El modelo paga lo que quieres *\\[BASADO EN LA RECIPROCIDAD\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
"donde podríamos encontrar la manera de obtenerlas gratuitamente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Financiamiento Comunitario *\\[BASADO EN LA RECIPROCIDAD\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"duda alguna: por supuesto.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
"comunidad bibliotecaria y con la idea de acceso abierto general."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr "#### Creando Conexiones Humanas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
"tradicional. Pero parece ser parte de tejido de Hecho con Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
"creativas con las personas que valoran lo que ellos hacen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
"Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
"yo estaba mal en muchos aspectos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"acompaña a compartir. Tienes que ampliar la óptica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
"conexiones contigo, con tú trabajoj, con tús valores, con todos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
"con todos. Para recordarnos como es realmente el compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr "#### Ser humano"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
"estamos tratando con otro ser humano."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
"que te valoran a tí.\"43"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
"menos no de una manera significativa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"representación. No puedes simular ser humano."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr "#### Sé abierto y responsable"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
"de estar preparado para defenderlo cuando la gente es crítica.46"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
"gente se involucre y se interese en lo que hace."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr "#### Diseñar para los buenos actores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
"con Creative Commons están diseñados para los buenos actores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
"inspiren y acentuen nuestros instintos sociales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
"hacen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr "#### Trata a los seres humanos como, bueno, humanos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
"público, haciendo un punto al escuchar tanto como habla. 54"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2096
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
"con los usuarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
"dinámica dramáticamente.56"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr "#### Establece tus principios y apégate a ellos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
"parte de alguna empresa . Regularmente ambas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
"comunidad OER (recursos abiertos educativos) en la que ellos operan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
"confianza."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr "#### Construye una comunidad"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
"y son atraídos para los valores que se simbolizan en el uso de CC."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
"organizaciones abiertas.\"60"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
"desunión."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
"lo que se trata compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr "#### Da más a los comunes de lo que te llevas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
"es compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
"trabajo en la plataforma de una manera efectiva."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
"cuando el valor que ellos añaden sobrepasa el valor que tú añadiste."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr "#### Involucra a la gente en lo que haces"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
"sin un compromiso de tiempo demasiado pesado.68"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
"diferencia.69"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
"OpenStax, que distribuye todo su material de manera gratuita con una "
"licencia CC, es un ejemplo de está dinámica. En lugar de ayudarse en la "
"comunidad para co-crear sus libros escolares, invierten una cantidad "
-"significativa de tiempo y dinero en desarrollar contenido "
-"profesional. Para los creadores individuales, para "
-"quienes el trabajo creativo es la base de lo que hacen, la co-creación "
-"comunitaria es raramente algo a considerar. Incluso para la música Amanda "
-"Palmer, famosa por su nivel de apertura e interacción con sus fans, dijo: "
-"\"El único área donde no estuve dispuesta a recibir aportes era en la "
-"escritura, en la música misma\".71"
-
+"significativa de tiempo y dinero en desarrollar contenido profesional. Para "
+"los creadores individuales, para quienes el trabajo creativo es la base de "
+"lo que hacen, la co-creación comunitaria es raramente algo a considerar. "
+"Incluso para la música Amanda Palmer, famosa por su nivel de apertura e "
+"interacción con sus fans, dijo: \"El único área donde no estuve dispuesta a "
+"recibir aportes era en la escritura, en la música misma\".71"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
"colaboración florece.73"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
"participantes activos.75"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
msgid "#### Notes"
msgstr "#### Notas"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
"disponible en: strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr "Ibid., 55."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
"Hyperion, 2010), 224."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
"2012), 64."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
" Collaborative Consumption (Nueva York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr "## Las Licencias Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
"patentes o marcas registradas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr "A continuación se presentan las seis licencias:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
"de materiales licenciados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
"derivada también permitirá el uso con fines comerciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
"modificaciones y te den crédito como autor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
"creador, no tienen la obligación de licenciarlos bajo estos mismos términos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
"creaciones bajo los mismos términos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
"posibilidad de modificarla de ninguna manera o utilizarla comercialmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
"cuyos plazos de derechos de autor han expirado:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
"al dominio público en todo el mundo (”ningún derecho reservado”)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
"derecho autoral."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
"digital, amplifican su involucramiento y compromiso de compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"largometraje, o evitar que otra compañía venda copias físicas del mismo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"distribuidora descubra su trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
"médicos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
"entre distintos dominios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
msgid "Note"
msgstr "Notas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
"Your Work” en"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
-msgid "# Part 2"
-msgstr "# Parte 2"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr "# Los estudios de caso"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
"por nosotros."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
"en buena medida la manera en que nos fue contado por quienes entrevistamos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr "## Arduino"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
"hardware y software con fines de lucro. Fundada en Italia en 2005."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr "www.arduino.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
"por aquellos que quieren vender productos Arduino utilizando su nombre)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 4 de febrero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistados: David Cuartielles y Tom Igoe, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr "Perfil escrito por Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
"software bajo la Licencia Pública General (GPL) de GNU."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
"hacer artes visuales)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
"lo que pensamos siquiera en construir.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
"de Tom, ”abrir las fuentes facilita confiar en un producto.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
"se invirtieron en sostener y mejorar a Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
"cliente lo hace a uno más confiado y convincente al vender el producto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
"vendido a un precio razonable, la gente lo comprará."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
"accesible, útil tanto para novatos como para expertos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
"altos para sostener el negocio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
"compartir las cosas bajo un modelo abierto únicamente le ayudará.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
"asegurar que la mueva versión es igualmente libre y abierta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
"incorpora en sus nuevos productos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
"tarjeta para darle mayor funcionalidad), y kits.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"problemas de la gente. La comunidad creció orgánicamente desde ese punto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
"no sufre por copias de mala calidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
"generación de ganancias para Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
"herramienta crítica para Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"oficiales y aquellas que son clones, derivados, compatibles, y falsificados.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
"cosas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2724
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
"alfabetización que todos debieran aprender.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
"precios, y bueno para la manufactura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6238
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "Web links"
msgstr "Vínculos Web"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr "## Ártica"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
"colaboración en las artes y la cultura. Fundada en 2011 en Uruguay."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr "www.articaonline.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr "Modelo de ganancia: cobrar por servicios personalizados"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: 9 de marzo de 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr "Entravistados: Mariana Fossatti y Jorge Gemetto, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6262
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6699
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Perfil escrito por Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
"que ellos construyeron por sí mismos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr "El trabajo de sus sueños no existía, así que lo crearon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
"crean proyectos artísticos y culturales en la Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
"intermediarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
"personalizados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
"especializados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2799
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
"individuales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
"les lleva a algo nuevo, cada nuevo recurso que crean abre nuevas puertas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
"un acuerdo justo y ético.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
"oportunidades para su negocio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
"complejo en el futuro, como un curso o un libro.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
"importante como el producto final."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
"importante son las relaciones.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
"compartir sus conocimientos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
"cultura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
"eficiente y sostenible, y por esto, es un éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
"hacerlo de forma sostenible y colaborativa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
"cómo se ve.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr "## Blender Institute"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
"utilizando el software Blender. Fundado en 2006 en los Países Bajos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr "www.blender.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
"copias físicas, venta de mercancía"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 8 de marzo, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Francesco Siddi, coordinador de producción"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
"Blender y a su comunidad de maneras concretas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
"en conjunto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
"contenido empleando tus propias herramientas, no estás haciendo nada.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
"bajo la Licencia Pública General GNU."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
"comunidad de desarrolladores para que el proyecto pudiera vivir.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
"administrar al desarrollo y mantenimiento de software."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
"programa Blender."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"creerlo.'”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
"sus caracteres animados fueron recogidos por vendedores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
"limitantes presupuestales.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
"comprende el beneficio de estos proyectos,” dice Francesco."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
"entonces termina. Eso es un problema.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
"otros materiales utilizados en varios proyectos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
"nuesra libertad,” nos dice, ”y para los artistas, la libertad lo es todo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
"productos Blender."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3029
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
"abierto. Vender una licencia nunca fue parte de su modelo de negocios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
"presupuesto reproducir lo que hiciste”, dijo Ton."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr "Para Ton y Blender, a fin de cuentas todo se trata de hacer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr "## Cards Against Humanity"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
"Estados Unidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr "Modelo de ganancia: Cobrar por copias físicas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 3 de febrero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Max Temkin, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
"del que ganamos”."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
"lograr un juego hilarante y divertido."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
"oficiales, así como ediciones internacionales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
"contar las descargas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
"juego es todo un nuevo juego por sí solo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
"una base de seguidores masiva."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
"obtuvieron \\$15,000. El juego salió oficialmente a mercado en mayo de 2011."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
"decidieran hacer de éste un negocio continuado. ”Simplemente ocurrió,” dice."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
"preguntas frecuentes de su sitio Web ”Tus tontas preguntas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
"su Venta de Todo Cuesta \\$5 Más."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3125
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
"hicimos. La gente aceptó perfectamente el chiste.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
"hacemos.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
"haciéndolo exitoso. Obtuvieron \\$70,000 en un sólo día."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3148
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
"veces, porque los beneficios son muchísimos.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
"del juego creadas por los seguidores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
"en la comercialización.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"habido un puñado de casos en los que involucraron a un abogado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
"cantidad de trabajo y de atención a las sutilezas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
"publicado, una vez que la gente crea sus propias adaptaciones del juego."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
"más chistes y juegos,” dice."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
"juego hacia ellas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
"obtener más dinero de los clientes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
"quién es usted, y por qué está haciendo las cosas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr "## The Conversation (La conversación)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
"través de Internet. Fundado en el 2011 en Australia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr "theconversation.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
"escritores), donaciones"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Andrew Jaspan, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"realizó un compromiso de regresar con un modelo alternativo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
"sexy."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"público pero no tan bueno al exhibir su experiencia ante amplias audiencias."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"escribiendo lo que ellos quieran."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
"licenciado con Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
"fidedigna de información basada en evidencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
"republicarlo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
"que hace The Conversation."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
"través de ser un proveedor acreditado para el feed de Noticias de Google."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
"no recibe ningún anuncio y es una empresa sin ánimo de lucro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
"del mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
"y las características distintivas del servicio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
"editorial asesor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
"dónde se está republicando el artículo y el número de lecturas por artículo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
"consulta de una empresa sobre un tema."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
"y moestrar por qué son de valor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
"tiempo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
msgid "Web link"
msgstr "Sitio web"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr "theconversation.com/us/charter"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr "## Cory Doctorow"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
"periodista. Vive en los Estados Unidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr "craphound.com y boingboing.net"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
"lo-que-quiera, vender derechos de traducción de los libros"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 12 de enero de 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
"hacer.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
"camino para que ellos lo compartieran."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"que los creadores pueden ganarse la vida en la era de Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
"modelos de pague-lo-que-quiera para su trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
"Mientras que el trabajo de ficción de Cory tiene muchos seguidores, es "
"igualmente reconocido por su activismo. Es un destacado oponente del derecho "
"de autor restrictivo y de las tecnologías de gestión de derechos digitales "
-"(DRM, por sus siglas en inglés) utilizadas para encerrar el contenido, porque "
-"piensa que ambas socavan a los creadores y al interés público. Actualmente "
-"es un asesor especial en la Electronic Frontier Foundation, donde está "
-"involucrado en un juicio que desafía a la ley estadounidense que protege el "
-"DRM. Cory dice que su trabajo político no le da dinero de manera directa, "
-"pero que si renunciara a él, perdería credibilidad y, aún más importante, "
-"perdería el impulso que le impulsa a crear. ”Mi trabajo político es una "
-"expresión diferente del mismo tipo de necesidad artístico-política,” dice. ”"
-"Tengo la sospecha de que si dejara las cosas que no me hacen ganar dinero, "
-"se perdería la autenticidad de lo que hago y la cualidad que hace que lo que "
-"hago le guste a la gente.”"
+"(DRM, por sus siglas en inglés) utilizadas para encerrar el contenido, "
+"porque piensa que ambas socavan a los creadores y al interés público. "
+"Actualmente es un asesor especial en la Electronic Frontier Foundation, "
+"donde está involucrado en un juicio que desafía a la ley estadounidense que "
+"protege el DRM. Cory dice que su trabajo político no le da dinero de manera "
+"directa, pero que si renunciara a él, perdería credibilidad y, aún más "
+"importante, perdería el impulso que le impulsa a crear. ”Mi trabajo "
+"político es una expresión diferente del mismo tipo de necesidad artístico-"
+"política,” dice. ”Tengo la sospecha de que si dejara las cosas que no me "
+"hacen ganar dinero, se perdería la autenticidad de lo que hago y la cualidad "
+"que hace que lo que hago le guste a la gente.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
"estaba escribiendo para mantenerme cuerdo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
"simboliza su visión de mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
"su trabajo. \"Empecé por no llamarlos ladrones\", dice."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
"y darles el libro de manera gratuita en un formato destinado a difundirlo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
"establecido."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
"lo hace\", dice."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
"que pueda obtener.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
"disponibles de manera gratuita."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
"posibilidad de obtener algo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
"te entrega la llave, ese candado no está puesto ahí para tu beneficio.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
"de tomar control sobre su trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
"experimento de pague-lo-que-quiera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
"trabajo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
"las cosas y cómo llevarlas a la mente y a las manos de otras personas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr "Nunca ha sido más fácil pensar como un diente de león."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr "## Figshare"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
"videos. Fundado en el año 2011 en Gran Bretaña."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr "figshare.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
"Model de negocios: la plataforma le provee servicios pagos a los creadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 28 de enero de 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Mark Hahnel, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"forma tal que el modelo actual de publicación académica no permite."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
"tiempo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
"sería mejor para su carrera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
"cualquiera. Así que empezó a trabajar en una solución."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
"un período largo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
"de DOIs para datos de investigación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
"CC BY (Atribución) para figuras, videos y conjuntos de datos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
"ellos también lo utilizaran."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
"utilizadas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
"modelo de negocios del tipo freemium."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
"Nosotros simplemente nos aseguramos de que persista.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
"proveyera esa funcionalidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
"para los datos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
"negocios, agregando servicios para instituciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
"bibliotecarias y administradoras, tanto como investigadoras."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
"(Atribución-SinDerivados)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
"el ejemplo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
"instituciones la harán su licencia de elección."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
"persona espectadora puede alterar cambiando cualquiera de las variables.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"siendo usado por las principales instituciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
"y fuentes de noticias."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"permitiendo que las personas colaboren y hagan nuevos descubrimientos."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
"\\_universities/1186832"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid ""
"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr "figshare.com/features"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr "## Figure.NZ"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
"reusables y fáciles de entender. Fundada en 2012 en Nueva Zelanda."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr "figure.nz"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
"creadores, donaciones, patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: mayo 3 de 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistada: Lillian Grace, fundadora"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
"Zelanda."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
"información e investigación por los cuales usualmente tiene que pagar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
"información y los visuales. Dandose cuenta de que el modelo de la wiki no "
"estaba funcionando, Lillian trajo el proceso de agragación de datos, "
"curación, y presentación visual internameten, e invirtió en la tecnología "
-"que ayudara a automatizar parte de eso. Wiki New Zealand se volvió "
-"Figure.NZ, y los esfuerzos se reorientaron hacia proporcionar servicios para "
+"que ayudara a automatizar parte de eso. Wiki New Zealand se volvió Figure."
+"NZ, y los esfuerzos se reorientaron hacia proporcionar servicios para "
"aquellos que quisieran abrir su información y presentarla visualmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
"formatos humano y máquina legibles, con metadata rico en fuentes, las "
"licencias, y tipos de datos. Figure.NZ tiene una herramienta de diseño de "
"gráficos que crea barras simples, líneas, y gráficos de área de cualquier "
-"fuente de información. Los gráficos son publicados en el sitio web "
-"Figure.NZ, y pueden ser exportados en una variedad de formatos para imprimir "
-"o uso enlinea. Figure.NZ hace su información y sus gráficos disponibles "
-"usando la licencia Attribution (CC BY). Esto permite a otros reusar, "
-"revisar, remezclar, y redistribuir la información de Figure.NZ y los "
-"gráficos en tanto den créditos a la fuente original y a Figure.NZ"
+"fuente de información. Los gráficos son publicados en el sitio web Figure."
+"NZ, y pueden ser exportados en una variedad de formatos para imprimir o uso "
+"enlinea. Figure.NZ hace su información y sus gráficos disponibles usando la "
+"licencia Attribution (CC BY). Esto permite a otros reusar, revisar, "
+"remezclar, y redistribuir la información de Figure.NZ y los gráficos en "
+"tanto den créditos a la fuente original y a Figure.NZ"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
"Creative Commons, lo cual queda muy bien con la decisión de Figure.NZ"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
"Figure.NZ. Las personas los ven como un luchador y fuente confiable."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
"garantizar que los datos son útiles y que generan valor. Si el gobierno "
"quiere que los ciudadanos entiendan por qué ciertas decisiones son tomadas y "
"que estén más atentos de lo que los gobiernos están haciendo, ¿ por qué no "
-"transformar la información que recolecta en visuales fácilmente entendibles "
-"? Incluso podría convertirse en un medio para que el gobierno o cualquier "
-"organización se diferencien, se comercialicen y se creen una marca."
+"transformar la información que recolecta en visuales fácilmente "
+"entendibles ? Incluso podría convertirse en un medio para que el gobierno o "
+"cualquier organización se diferencien, se comercialicen y se creen una marca."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
"obtener valor de la información y los visuales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
"Figure.NZ tiene multiples líneas de negocios. Ellos proporcionan servicios "
"comerciales a organizaciones que quieren que su información este disponible "
"públicamente y quieren usar a Figure.NZ como su plataforma de publicación. "
-"La gente que quiere publicar datos abiertos aprecia la habilidad de "
-"Figure.NZ de hacerlo rápidamente, más sencillamente, y mejor de lo que ellos "
+"La gente que quiere publicar datos abiertos aprecia la habilidad de Figure."
+"NZ de hacerlo rápidamente, más sencillamente, y mejor de lo que ellos "
"pueden. Los clientes son motivados para ayudar a sus usuarios a encontrar, "
"usar, y hacer cosas con la información que han puesto a disponibilidad en el "
"sitio web de Figure.NZ. Los clientes controlan lo que es liberado y los "
"los usuarios, para verdaderamente democratizar la información."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3913
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
"nunca se había hecho antes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
"sin tener que saber que preguntas realizar.3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
"patrocinadores no dirigen qué datos están incluidos o excluidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
"de impuestos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
"external relationships."
msgstr ""
"Figure.NZ ha crecido y se ha transformado a través del tiempo. Con "
-"agregación de datos, curación, y servicios de visualización internos, "
-"Figure.NZ ha desarrollado una amplia experiencia en tomar estilos de datos "
+"agregación de datos, curación, y servicios de visualización internos, Figure."
+"NZ ha desarrollado una amplia experiencia en tomar estilos de datos "
"aleatorios, estarandizarlos, y hacerlos útiles. Lillian se dió cuenta de qué "
"Figure.NZ podría fácilmente convertirse en el almacén de setenta personas "
"creando datos. Pero para Lillian, crecer no siempre es bueno. En su opinión, "
"construyendo relaciones externas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
"experiencias intuitivas, no manuales de usuarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"accede, e interpreta los datos de los tópicos en los que están interesados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
"otros, ya fuera en nombre de un país o de empresas. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
"informadas.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
"aún.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3985
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
"analizar y pensar con números. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
"gráficos, mapas y datos.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
"futuro. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
"que el efecto red sea posible."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr "figure.nz/business/"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr "figure.nz/patrons/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr "## Knowledge Unlatched"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
"acceso abierto. Fundada en 2012 en el Reino Unido."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr "knowledgeunlatched.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: financiamiento comunitario (especializado)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Febrero 26, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Frances Pinter, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
"2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
"entre los usuarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
"impresos. La ventas subieron, no bajaron."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"para el formato impreso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
"del helado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"modelo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
"RU para las empresas sociales sin ánimo de lucro) en 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Acedemic Publishing:"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
"generación sólo a través de Knowledge Unlatched."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
"colecciones (como lo hacen con los proveedores de bibliotecas ahora)."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
"que serán comprados y los precios establecidos."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
"mínimo de bibliotecas para cubrir la Cuota por Título."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
"bibliotecas."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
"por Título e incentivan las membresías.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4126
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
"bajo hasta cuarenta y tres dolares."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
"autores el continuar obteniendo regalías en la ventas de las copias físicas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
"la orden y el precio por libro baja para cada biblioteca."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
"finalmente, desbloquearlos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
"ciclos de presupuestos, y las juntas del directorio de las bibliotecas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
"bibliotecarios, que ha involucrado a más bibliotecas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
"comenzará a hacer revistas especializadas de acceso libre también."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
"estandar cerrado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
"tomó únicamente un mes reunir veintiseis."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
"parte de ello.)5"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
"hacen, lo compran de manera separada de la versión digital."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
"bibliotecas participantes, sino al mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
"significa que las bibliotecas que no participaron podrían ser vistas como "
"aprovechadas, en el mundo bibliotecario, las bibliotecas adineradas están "
"acostumbradas a pagar más que las biblioteecas de escasos recursos y aceptan "
-"que parte de su dinero debería ser gastado para apoyar el acceso abierto. «"
-"Aprovecharse gratuitamente» es más como una responsabilidad comunitaria. "
+"que parte de su dinero debería ser gastado para apoyar el acceso abierto. "
+"«Aprovecharse gratuitamente» es más como una responsabilidad comunitaria. "
"Para finales de Marzo de 2016, los libros de la primera ronda han sido "
"descargados cerca de ochenta mil veces en 175 países."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
"Unlatched para monografías es un ganar-ganar-ganar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
"y libros antiguos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
"al pasado pero moviendose al futuro, una evolución en vez de una revolución."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr "www.oapen.org"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr "www.hathitrust.org"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr "## Lumen Learning"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
"los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr "lumenlearning.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por servicios personalizados, subsidios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Diciembre 21, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistado: David Wiley y Kim Thanos, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4286
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
"cuando deciden crear Lumen Learning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
"usualmente no hay mucha flexibilidad para hacerlo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
"sustentabilidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
"reorientación por otros."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"estan dispuestas a pagar por ello. Al atender poblaciones estudiantiles "
"desfavorecidas ha llevado a Lumen a ser muy pragmática; describen su oferta "
"en terminos cuantitativos—con hechos y figuras—y de una forma que esta muy "
-"enfocada al estudiante. Lumen Learning ayuda a los colegios y universidades "
-"a—"
+"enfocada al estudiante. Lumen Learning ayuda a los colegios y universidades a"
+"—"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
-msgstr "remplazar libros de texto costosos en cursos de gran matrícula con OER;"
+msgstr ""
+"remplazar libros de texto costosos en cursos de gran matrícula con OER;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
"sistema de gestión de aprendizaje de la institución;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
"de aprobación, persistencia, y finalización de curso; y"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
"la investigación del éxito de los estudiantes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
"siguiendo los terminos de las licencias Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
"dolares por estudiante suscrito para la institución."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"matriculado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
"costosos con OER."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"abierto, ha generado un inmenso bienestar en la comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
"aprendizaje, que las facultades revisan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
"da una licencia Attribution (CC BY)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
"mezclan diferentes OER juntos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
"Remezclar OER usualmente resulta en multiples atribuciones en cada pagina de "
"cada curso-testo de un lugar, imágnes de otro, y videos de otro más. Algunos "
-"son licenciados como Attribution (CC BY), otros como Attribution-ShareAlike ("
-"CC BY-SA). Si esta información se coloca junto al texto del curso, los "
+"son licenciados como Attribution (CC BY), otros como Attribution-ShareAlike "
+"(CC BY-SA). Si esta información se coloca junto al texto del curso, los "
"miembros del profesorado algunas veces tratan de editarlo y los estudiantes "
"lo encuentran como una distracción. Lumen lidia con este reto al capturar la "
"licencia y la información de las atribuciones como metadatos, y haciendo que "
"se muestren al final de cada página."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
"equipo de ventas de Lumen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"a los que tendrían impacto en el mayor número de estudiantes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
"que logren las metas de la institución, mientras Lumen se conserva prospera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
"la comunidad abierta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
"sea justa o que den de regreso algo que sea generoso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
"evolución y la mejora de los OER que estén usando."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
"sostenible y se esfuerza por un balance correcto de todos estos factores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
"que sea entendible y repetible."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
"el futuro, su estrategia es reemplazar el financiamiento con ingresos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
"que sostienes, y no alejarse de eso. Ciertamente es acerca de la confianza."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr "## Jonathan Mann"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
"como el tipo de “Song A Day”. Vive en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
msgstr "jonathanmann.net and"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
"persona (compromisos y presentaciones musicales)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: Febrero 22, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4515
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
"[1] en México lo más parecido sería “milusos”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4524
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
"[2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAFU"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4529
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
"“una-canción-al-dia.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4537
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
"más de mirar videos enlinea que simplemente escuchar archivos de audio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4551
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"la canción por él."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4558
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
"laburo"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4565
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
"este libro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4572
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
"pudiera ser compartido.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
"principio del tiempo. Nuestro yo-yo, mio-mio cultural ha socavado eso.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4586
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
"hago nada de eso,” comentó Jonathan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4594
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
"personalizadas a sus clientes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he "
"translated the technical concepts into something understandable."
msgstr ""
-"Jonathan reconoce lo que le viene naturalmente y aprovecha esas habilidades."
-"\n"
+"Jonathan reconoce lo que le viene naturalmente y aprovecha esas "
+"habilidades.\n"
"A través de la práctica diaria de la composición, se dió cuenta de que tiene "
"un don para destilar temas complicados en conceptos simples y ponerlos en la "
"música. En su canción (Cómo escoger un contraseña maestra) “How to Choose a "
"conceptos técnicos en algo entendible."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4618
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
"ciertamente es parecido al buen periodismo, pero por supuesto el producto "
"final de su trabajo es una canción en vez de noticias.”Hay algo acerca de "
"ser desafiado y forzado a tomar información que no se ve como lo que debería "
-"ser cantado o que no se ve como que lleve en si mismo una canción,” comentó.”"
-"Encuentro ese desafio creativo ciertamente satisfactorio. Me gusta perderme "
-"en el proceso. ”"
+"ser cantado o que no se ve como que lleve en si mismo una canción,” "
+"comentó.”Encuentro ese desafio creativo ciertamente satisfactorio. Me gusta "
+"perderme en el proceso. ”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4624
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
"mismo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
"acerca de cosas en las que el fundamentalmente no cree, y han existido "
"momentos en los que ha declinado trabajos por ese principio. Tampoco se "
"alejaría mucho de su estilo natural. “Mi estilo es tonto, por lo que no me "
-"puedo acomodar con gente que quiere algo super serio,” comentó Jonathan. “"
-"Hago lo que hago muy facilmente, y es parte de quien soy.” Jonathan no se "
+"puedo acomodar con gente que quiere algo super serio,” comentó Jonathan. "
+"“Hago lo que hago muy facilmente, y es parte de quien soy.” Jonathan no se "
"ha metido a escribir comerciales por la misma razón; el es mejor al usar su "
"propio estilo único en vez de imitar a otros."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
"encarnación viviente de estos principios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4647
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
"la canción de mañana puede que sea mejor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
"que nunca se siente verdaderamente exitoso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
"entonces mucho de lo que los impulsa se iría.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr "## Noun Project"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
"2010 en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr "thenounproject.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ingresos: cargos de couta por transacción, cargos por servicios "
"personalizados"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Octubre 6, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Edward Boatman, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
"las fronteras, lenguajes, y culturas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
"en el planeta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
"similarers."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4698
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
"voluntarios alrededor del mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4706
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
"de que su idea tenía el potencial para ser algo más grande."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4712
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
"duros. Es fácil convencerlos de compartirlos finalmente con el mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4720
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
"diseñadores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4725
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
"construir un modelo de negocios alrededor del contenido libre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
"créditos, pueden usar la CC0 para poner el trabajo en el dominio público."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4746
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
"ideas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4752
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
"muy exitante para muchos diseñadores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4764
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
"creadores, y bueno para la plataforma."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4775
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
"versión API Pro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"diseñador y 30 porciento para Noun Project."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4788
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
"per use instead of per download.) Noun Project’s share is higher this time "
"as it’s providing more service to the user."
msgstr ""
-"Los ingresos de las compras premium (la suscripción y las opciones de la API "
-") se dividen de una manera diferente. Al final de cada mes, el total de los "
-"ingresos por subscripciones es dividido por el cantidad total de descargas "
-"en Noun Project, resultando en una tasa por descarga—por ejemplo, puede ser "
-"\\$0.13 por descarga para ese mes. Por cada descarga, las ganancias se "
-"dividen en 40 porciento para el diseñador y 60 porciento para el Noun "
-"Project. (Para el uso de la API, es por uso en vez de por descarga.) Lo "
-"compartido por Noun Project es mayor actualmente porque está proporcionando "
-"más servicios al usuario."
+"Los ingresos de las compras premium (la suscripción y las opciones de la "
+"API ) se dividen de una manera diferente. Al final de cada mes, el total de "
+"los ingresos por subscripciones es dividido por el cantidad total de "
+"descargas en Noun Project, resultando en una tasa por descarga—por ejemplo, "
+"puede ser \\$0.13 por descarga para ese mes. Por cada descarga, las "
+"ganancias se dividen en 40 porciento para el diseñador y 60 porciento para "
+"el Noun Project. (Para el uso de la API, es por uso en vez de por descarga.) "
+"Lo compartido por Noun Project es mayor actualmente porque está "
+"proporcionando más servicios al usuario."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4793
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
"acerca de eso porque construir confianza es la principal prioridad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4799
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
"cuentas; y el más exitoso de todos, suficiente para pagar la renta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
"Usted simplemente jala un cualquier item visual directamente dentro de Lingo "
"para salvarlo. Lingo también para los equipos de manera que las personas "
"pueden compartir visuales mutuamente y buscar a través de sus colecciones "
-"combinadas. Lingo es gratuito para el uso personal. Una versión pro de \\$"
-"9.99 al mes le permite agregar invitados. Una versión para equipos de \\$"
-"49.95 al mes permite que hasta veinticinco miembros colaboren, y que "
+"combinadas. Lingo es gratuito para el uso personal. Una versión pro de \\"
+"$9.99 al mes le permite agregar invitados. Una versión para equipos de \\"
+"$49.95 al mes permite que hasta veinticinco miembros colaboren, y que "
"observen, usen, editen, y agregen nuevos activos en las colecciones de cada "
"uno. Y si se suscriben al Noun ProjectPro, pueden acceder al mismo desde "
"Lingo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
"visuales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4824
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4822
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
"diferencia de otros que ofrecen gráficos, iconos o imágenes predefinidas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
"contribuyentes, es importante tener una misión más allá de hacer dinero."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
"dentro con una comunidad de usuarios y fans."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4842
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
"alimentándola.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
"pueden buscar los íconos por el nombre del creador."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4855
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
"CC0 de tal manera que puedan ser usados por cualquiera gratuitamente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
"esa meta."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid ""
"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
"visual-sy/description"
"visual-sy/description"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr "## Open Data Institute"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
"datos. Fundada en 2012 en RU."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr "theodi.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
"por servicios personalizados, donaciones"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Noviembre 11, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Jeni Tennison, director técnico"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"a inovar con los datos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
"permitirles entender mejor qué es lo que esta pasando alrededor de ellos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
"quiere —"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
"políticas de datos abiertos afectan esto;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
"desarrollar el caso del beneficio económico y el modelos de negocios para "
"los datos abiertos;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr "ayudar a los negocios del RU a usar los datos abiertos; y"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
-msgstr "mostrar cómo los datos abiertos pueden mejorar los servicios públicos.1"
+msgstr ""
+"mostrar cómo los datos abiertos pueden mejorar los servicios públicos.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4925
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
"El ODI es muy explícito acerca de cómo quiere hacer los modelos de negocios "
"abiertos, y definiendo lo que esto significa. Jeni Tennison, director "
"técnico de ODI, lo puso de esta manera:\"Hay todo un ecosistema de abiertos—"
-"software de código abierto, gobierno abierto, investigación de acceso "
-"abierto—y todo un ecosistema de datos. El trabajo de ODI pasa entre ambos, "
-"con un énfasis donde ellos se traslapan—con los datos abiertos.\" El enfoque "
+"software de código abierto, gobierno abierto, investigación de acceso abierto"
+"—y todo un ecosistema de datos. El trabajo de ODI pasa entre ambos, con un "
+"énfasis donde ellos se traslapan—con los datos abiertos.\" El enfoque "
"particular del ODI es mostrar el potencial de los datos abiertos para los "
"ingresos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4931
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
"inversión de \\$4.75 millones de la Omidyar Network."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4937
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
"un staff de sesenta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
"complementarios en respuesta a las necesidades del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4947
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
"capacitación, y servicios de asesoría."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
"miembros son listados en su sitio web.)2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4970
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
"como una forma de desarrollo profesional."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4978
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
"tiende a generar gran interés y compromiso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4985
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
"temáticas principales y más de 750 asistentes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
"organizaciones comerciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
"Del lado comercial, las siguiente proposiciones de valor parecen resonar:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
"datos también. Los datos abiertos son un tópico candente."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
"autonomía organizativa."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
"y oportunidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5018
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
"crear “nodos” internacionales del ODI."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"pequeña cuota por ser parte de la red y usar la marca."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
"oficinas.3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5040
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
"construirla, no únicamente enlinea sino a través de eventos cara-a-cara."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
"usables, confiables, accesibles, descubribles, y que están soportados.4"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
"escala."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5056
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
"vez de crear “licencias abiertas” de su autoría."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"dinero.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
"Abril de 2016:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
"del ODI han generado desde su incorporación al programa ODI: £ 44.5 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr "Número total de miembros activos y nodos alrededor del mundo: 1,350"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr "Ventas totales desde que comenzó el ODI: £7.44 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
"en persona y enlinea: 2.2 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr "Total de certificados de Open Data creados: 151, 000"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
"comenzó: 50,805"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr "directory.theodi.org/members"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr "certificates.theodi.org"
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr "## OpenDesk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
"RU."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr "www.opendesk.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por una cuota de transacción"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Noviembre 4, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistados: Nick Ierodiaconou y Joni Steiner, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
"por un creador."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"lucro y Opendesk en una campañía de lucro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5141
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5139
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
"lejos del camino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5149
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
"en los aspectos de la comercialización de ello. Como parte de llegar con "
"un modelo de negocios, empezaron a investigar la propiedad intelectual y las "
"opciones de licenciamiento. Era un espacio espinoso, especialmente para los "
-"diseñadores. Justo qué aspecto de un diseño puede tener derechos de autor?¿ "
-"Qué es patentable?¿ Cómo puden el permitir la colaboración digital y la "
+"diseñadores. Justo qué aspecto de un diseño puede tener derechos de autor?"
+"¿ Qué es patentable?¿ Cómo puden el permitir la colaboración digital y la "
"distribución ser balanceados contra los deseos del diseñador de aún "
"mantener la propiedad? Al final, decidieron que no había necesidad de "
"reinventar la rueda y decidieron usar las Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
"Salir con un modelo de negocios iba a ser complejo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
"decisiones en el modelo de negocios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5165
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
"quieren ser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5170
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
"magnífico trabajo perfilando a los diseñadores.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5175
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
"licencia Attributtion-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"especificaciones en el archivo de diseño."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5192
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
"países alrededor del mundo.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5198
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
"en el sitio web de Opendesk:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5199
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
"registrado, ellos pagan:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
"extra por ensamblado cargado por el creador)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
"al diseñador cada vez que su diseño es usado)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
"contruir nuestro mercado)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
"relevante)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
"entrega externo asociado)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
"sitio y los diseñadores podrían ofrecer opciones de diseño a la medida)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
"impuestos por ventas locales (variable por la ubicación del cliente y el "
"creador)3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
"A continuación, se detallan cómo se crean las cotizaciones de los creadores:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5232
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
"manufactura subyacentes y son típicamente prorrateado de la siguiente manera:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
"ensamblado en sitio)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota por diseño: 8 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota de plataforma: 12 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota de canal: 18 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr "impuesto de venta: los aplicables (depende del producto y ubicación)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5245
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
"valor al diseñador."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
"Reino Unido. Actualmente Opendesk representa una gran parte de sus negocios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5260
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
"piezas funcionales y reproducibles."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5266
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
"asequible para comprar productos personalizados.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5272
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
"usuales producidos en masa de una tienda."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5280
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
"gustaría ver que se usaran."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
"NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
"considera usos comerciales y no comerciales. Su sitio web declara:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr "Es inequívocamente uso comercial cuando alguien:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr "carga una cuota o tiene una ganancia cuando hace un Opendesk"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr "vende (o tiene un servicio comercial basado en) un OpenDesk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
"monetaria. Por ejemplo, estos califican como no comercial:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
"mobiliario por sí mismo"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
"educativos o capacitación (y no intenta vender las piezas resultantes)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
"disponibles para ti en los diferentes talleres que lo conforman"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
"genera Opendesk depende del “abierto,” no de la propiedad intelectual."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5322
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
"involucrados a través de Opendesk en trabajo generador de ingresos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
"ganan impulso y entonces tienen esperanza en las personas."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr "openmaking.is"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr "## OpenStax"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
"demanda y cursos de posicionamiento avanzado. Fundado en 2012 en los EUA."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr "www.openstaxcollege.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
"por copias físicas (ventas de libros de texto)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: Diciembre 16,2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr "Entrevistado: David Harris, Editor en Jefe"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5364
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5362
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
"cualquier momento— sin costo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5371
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
"OpenStax College, ahora simplemente OpenStax."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5381
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
"fácil adopción por parte de los estudiantes y profesores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5390
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
"de ventas!"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5398
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
"acerca de estos libros de texto y que promuevan su uso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5405
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
"adecúe a sus necesidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5410
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
"clave, y más."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5415
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
"sus libros de texto. 2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5420
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
"red extensiva de asociados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5429
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
"inversión filantrópica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
"disponibles a los alumnos por una cuota."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5446
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
"Introducción a la Sociología 2da Ed, usando estos fondos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
"fuerza de ventas; sus participantes estan afuera mostrando sus materiales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5462
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
"compartir estos hallazgos con la comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5471
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
"corrientes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5482
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
"impresos es prácticamente del cien por ciento."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
"que sea razonable."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
"cero, un buen ejemplo es su libro de biología."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5515
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
"muy laborioso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5524
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
"por adelantado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5532
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
"profesore el control y libertad académica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
"compromiso y toma ventaja de las ineficiencias del mercado tradicional."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
"de su reciente material para la prensa:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr "Libros publicados: 23"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr "Estudiantes que han usado OpenStax: 1.6 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes: \\$ 155 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
"Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes en el ciclo académico 2016-17: \\$77 "
"millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
"años y universidades, y 344 colegios y universidades fuera de los E.U.A.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5558
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
"internacional."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5564
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
"carrera de enfermería, por ejemplo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
"alcanzarla."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr "openstax.org/adopters"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr "## Amanda Palmer"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr "Amanda Palmer es música, artista, y escritora. Vive en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr "amandapalmer.net"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
"cobros para versiones en vivo (performances), venta de mercancia"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: Diciembre 15, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
"nuevas vias de continuar su trabajo creativo. 1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
"haciendolo.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5610
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
"seguir haciendo arte.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5622
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
"haciendo arte.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5631
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
"lo que Amanda y the Dresden Dolls querían hacer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5641
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
"Despues de dejar a la disquera en 2008, comenzó a experimentar con "
"diferentes vias de hacer un ingreso. Liberó música directamente al público "
-"sin involucrar a un intermediario, proveyó archivos digitales en un modelo «"
-"paga lo que quieras» además de vender CDs y viniles. También ganó dinero al "
+"sin involucrar a un intermediario, proveyó archivos digitales en un modelo "
+"«paga lo que quieras» además de vender CDs y viniles. También ganó dinero al "
"realizar performances en vivo y venta de mercancias. Finalmente, en 2012 "
"decidió intentar el tipo de financiamiento comunitario que conocemos bien el "
"dia de hoy. Su proyecto kickstarter comenzó con una meta de \\$100,000, y "
"kickstarter de todos los tiempos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5651
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
"costo bajo la licencia Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5666
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"NonCommercial fueron como hechas a la medida."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5673
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
"disfrute de la música, » dijo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5681
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
"habían estado en mi cosina,» escribió Amanda en The Art of Asking."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"mismo,» escribió Amanda."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5700
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
"ellos de su vida. En vez de tratar de crear una imagen o un personaje "
"público, ella esencialmente vive su vida como un libro abierto. Ha escrito "
"públicamente acerca de evento personales increíbles en su vida, y ella no "
-"esta atemorizada de estar vulnerable. Tener tal tipo de confianza en sus "
-"fans—la confianza que toma ser verdaderamente honesto—geneta confianza en "
+"esta atemorizada de estar vulnerable. Tener tal tipo de confianza en sus fans"
+"—la confianza que toma ser verdaderamente honesto—geneta confianza en "
"retorno de sus fans. Cuando ella se reune con sus fans por primera vez "
"después de un espectáculo, ellos pueden sentir legitimamente que la conocen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5707
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
"que el riesgo de hacerte vulnerable casi siempre vale la pena. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5715
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
"haces con los amigos—compartes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5723
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
"Personas que se sienten involucradas en su exito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
"a su «pequeña familia rara.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
"en una forma que sea placentera para tí.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
"Comineza con el arte y entonces el nexo se fortalece con la conexión humana."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5757
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
"ellos.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
"a la gente a ayudarla, los deja hacer."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
"\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
-"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\"
-"#44e20ce46d67"
+"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
+"\\#44e20ce46d67"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr "## PLOS (Biblioteca pública de ciencia)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
"y otra literatura científica. Fundada en el 2000 en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr "plos.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
"procesamiento de autor para ser incluido en la revista"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Marzo 7, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Louise Page, Editor"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5798
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"Attribution (CC BY)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5808
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
"quieran leer la revista especializada o un artículo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
"la investigación y avance del campo. Era tiempo para un nuevo modelo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
"publicación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5839
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
"logitud de palabras, figuras, u otros elementos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5847
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"comenzó en 2006, son debajo de los \\$1,500."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5852
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
"procesamiento por artículo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"su trabajo para publicación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5874
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
"cómo debería ser publicado y difundido el contenido de investigación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
"disponibilidad de datos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5886
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
"opciones en donde publicar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5891
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
"incluso cuando ellas son relativamente nuevas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
"generan más descubrimientos y citas a los autores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
"de acceso abierto inicial, o que cualquiera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5927
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
"lo referente a la ciencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
"cambiar la práctica actual."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5936
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
"más tiempo requerirá inevitablemente el tiempo de aprobación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5946
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
"limitados al autor y la editorial."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
"de la investigación se reinventa alrededor del mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
"los investigadores no tienen mucho tiempo para comentar los preprints."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5974
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
"transformaciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
"lectores para comunicarse con los autores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5995
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
"experimentación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6003
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
"135,000 articulos de calidad para su lectura sin costo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
"reproducible para el avance de la ciencia."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr "collections.plos.org"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr "## Rijksmuseum"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
"historia. Fundado en 1800 en Holanda (Países Bajos)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
"entrada por persona (entrada al museo), venta de mercancía"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 11 de diciembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
"sobre Colecciones"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
"modelo para el museo, más abierto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6056
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
"un catálogo de fichas de toda la colección en línea."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6066
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6064
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
"toda la colección en línea?"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6076
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
"debería seguir el ejemplo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6087
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
"escolar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6099
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
"hacer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6109
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
"objetivo de eventualmente tener toda la colección en Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6122
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
"que la gente quiere verla en la vida real visitando de hecho el museo real."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
"una forma de generar ingresos, incluso para el Rijksmuseum."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6141
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
"proviene la imagen y esto incrementa la visibilidad del Museo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
"pueden utilizar y hacer varias cosas con la colección del Rijksmuseum.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6157
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
"quieran, para fines privados o incluso comerciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
"escolares."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6172
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
"público, pero dentro de los límites establecidos por los artistas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6182
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
"\"El cisne amenazado\".3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6195
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
"internacional del Premio Rijksstudio comenzó en septiembre de 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6199
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
"usuarios puedan interactuar más entre sí."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
"mil visitas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
"pintura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
"generosidad hace que la gente esté feliz de acompañarte y ayudarte.\""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
-msgstr "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
+msgstr ""
+"www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
"rijksstudio-award-2015"
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties"
-"/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
+"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr "## Shareable"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
"E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr "www.shareable.net"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
"proyectos), donaciones, patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: Febrero 24, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Neal Gorenflo, cofundador y editor ejecutivo"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
"principios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6279
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
"acerca del riesgo de morir mientras es absorbido por los «Borg».»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
"capaces de soportar las críticas que Airbnb y Uber estan teniendo ahora.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6295
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"creciendo su audiencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6305
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
"de recursos, aislamientos sociales, y calentamiento global."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6314
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
"lectores a realizar cambios en sus propias vidas y comunidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6326
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6338
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"tienen audiencias más grandes que las nuestras.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6346
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
"web."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
"siguientes campañas de recaudación de fondos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6359
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
"comunidad representará mejor su visión del mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
"también buscamos el bienestar del hogar y el corazón.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6378
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
"En 2013, Shareable comenzó su primera campaña de financiamiento comunitario "
-"para lanzar su _Sharing Cities Network_ (Red de Ciudades Colaborativas). Neal "
-"comentó que al principio estaban preparados para fallar espectacularmente. "
-"Llamaron a sus asesores en pánico y solicitaron ayuda. El consejo que "
-"recibieron fue simple—«Sienta tú trasero en una silla y empieza a realizar "
-"llamadas.» Eso fue exactamente lo que hicieron, y terminaron alcanzando su "
-"meta de \\$50,000. Neal dijo que la campaña los ayudó para alcanzar nuevas "
-"personas, pero que la vasta mayoría de los participantes fue gente de su "
-"base existente."
+"para lanzar su _Sharing Cities Network_ (Red de Ciudades Colaborativas). "
+"Neal comentó que al principio estaban preparados para fallar "
+"espectacularmente. Llamaron a sus asesores en pánico y solicitaron ayuda. El "
+"consejo que recibieron fue simple—«Sienta tú trasero en una silla y empieza "
+"a realizar llamadas.» Eso fue exactamente lo que hicieron, y terminaron "
+"alcanzando su meta de \\$50,000. Neal dijo que la campaña los ayudó para "
+"alcanzar nuevas personas, pero que la vasta mayoría de los participantes fue "
+"gente de su base existente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6384
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
"recursos en construir relaciones entre sus lectores y seguidores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6398
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
"lleno de ideas para que las implemente su red."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
"sus propias comunidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr "## Siyavula"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
"integra experiencias de aprendizaje. Fundada en 2012 en Sudafrica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr "www.siyavula.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por servicios personalizados, patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Abril 5, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Mark Horner, CEO"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
"Sudáfrica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
"sobrevivir y prosperar. Mark dice que ha sido muy orgánico."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
"ponerlos disponibles libremente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6445
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
"de matemáticas y ciencias físicas para los grados 10 al 12."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
"este logro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
"necesidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6465
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
"volvió Siyavula."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
"mas allá de los seis libros iniciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
"esa manera estarían seguros para compartir y libres de repercusiones legales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6493
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
"libros de texto rara vez fueron editados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6499
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
"un fellow de Shuttleworth."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
"funcionaron realmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
"educativos abiertos, vieron esto como una gran oportunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6521
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
"dispositivo—computadora, tableta, o teléfono móvil."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6532
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
"dentro de los libros de texto abiertos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
"dirigido únicamente a la parte más alta del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6545
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
"involuntariamente se volvió los estudiantes de bajos ingresos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6553
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
"El sitio de Siyavula contempló un dramático incremento en su tráfico. "
"Tuvieron quinientos mil visitantes por mes a su sitio de matemáticas y la "
"misma cantidad para su sitio de ciencias. Dos quintos del tráfico estaban "
-"leyendo en un «teléfono básico» (teléfono móvil de características limitadas "
-"). Las personas con teléfonos básicos leían matemáticas y ciencia en una "
-"pantalla de dos pulgadas durante todo el día. Para Mark, era bastante "
-"sorprendente y hablaba de una necesidad de lo que estaban atendiendo."
+"leyendo en un «teléfono básico» (teléfono móvil de características "
+"limitadas ). Las personas con teléfonos básicos leían matemáticas y ciencia "
+"en una pantalla de dos pulgadas durante todo el día. Para Mark, era "
+"bastante sorprendente y hablaba de una necesidad de lo que estaban "
+"atendiendo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
"mercado, cuál es el precio, y que barreras para acceder hay."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
"servicio relacionado y convertir algunas personas en clientes de pago."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
"quienes cobran una y otra vez por el mismo contenido sin agregar valor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6582
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"se suscriben."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
"desempeño."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6596
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
"para los grados 4 al 6 y depués para los grados 7 al 9."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6602
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
"con una guía de maestro y otros recursos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6610
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
"sería visible en lobros distribuidos a más de un millon de estudiantes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
"por el gobierno son sin costo y abiertos, estan disponibles en el sitio web "
"de Siyavula bajo la licencia Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND)—NoDerivs "
"significa que estos libros no pueden ser modificados. Los libros con sello "
-"de marca no gubernamentales estan disponibles bajo una licencia Attribution ("
-"CC BY), permitiendo a otros modificar y redistribuir los libros."
+"de marca no gubernamentales estan disponibles bajo una licencia Attribution "
+"(CC BY), permitiendo a otros modificar y redistribuir los libros."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"menor en el país. Pero después de una larga negociación, el gobierno se negó."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6634
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
"Usar los libros de Siyavula generó grandes ahorros para el gobierno. Proveer "
"a los estudiantes con libro de texto publicado tradicional de ciencia o "
-"matemáticas para el grado 12 costaría alrededor de 250 rands por libro ("
-"cerca de US\\$18). Proporcionar la versión de Siyavula costaría alrededor de "
-"36 rands (cerca de \\$2.60), un ahorro de cerca de 200 rands por libro. Pero "
-"ninguno de estos ahorros fue transferido a Siyavula. En retrospectiva, Mark "
-"cree que esto podría haberlos ayudado ya que les permitió mantenerse "
+"matemáticas para el grado 12 costaría alrededor de 250 rands por libro "
+"(cerca de US\\$18). Proporcionar la versión de Siyavula costaría alrededor "
+"de 36 rands (cerca de \\$2.60), un ahorro de cerca de 200 rands por libro. "
+"Pero ninguno de estos ahorros fue transferido a Siyavula. En retrospectiva, "
+"Mark cree que esto podría haberlos ayudado ya que les permitió mantenerse "
"independientes del gobierno."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
"potenciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6650
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
"siendo el modelo que usa Siyavula actualmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
"conflictiva y está en el limbo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
"Intelligent Practice recolecta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"ambos, él y la compañía son más fuertes por eso."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr "cnx.org"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid "## Sparkfun"
msgstr "## Sparkfun"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
"hardware abierto. Fundada en 2003 en Estados Unidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr "www.sparkfun.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ingresos: cobrar por copias físicas (ventas de componentes "
"electrónicos)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: 29 de febrero de 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Nathan Seidle, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6703
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
"hecha por alguien más. Su reacción fue de júbilo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
"en el mundo.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
"por su cuenta. Ser copiados es parte del diseño."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
"como propiedad intelectual."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6728
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
"laureles. Da una red de seguridad. Nosotros quitamos esa red de seguridad.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6736
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
"nosotros, es mejor para los clientes.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6744
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"Nathan. «Esto es con lo que deberían competir.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6753
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
"graduarse, empezó a hacer y vender sus propios productos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
"para los productos que crean."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
"para producir placas para revender usando la marca de Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
"tecnología es una extensión natural de su negocio central."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6778
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
"trescientos y cincuenta mil estudiantes de colegio para el 2020.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6787
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
"disponible bajo los mismo términos de licenciamiento."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6798
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6796
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
"competencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6807
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
"lo hace más significativo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6815
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
"porque no se enfocan de forma singular en el resultado final."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6821
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
"que vienen a su sitio no solo encuentren contenido sin cambios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"identifican puntos débiles, y nosotros diseñamos algo para solucionarlos.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
"dijo Nathan. «Eso no es realmente cierto.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6847
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
"diseños,» dijo Nathan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
"propusieron ser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr "## TeachAIDS"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
"SIDA. Fundada en 2005 en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr "teachaids.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Marzo 24, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
"Entrevistados: Piyar Sorcar, el CEO, y Shuman Ghosemajumder, el presidente"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
"los materiales educativos que distribuye TeachAIDS."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6891
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
"disposición bajo una licencia Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6909
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
"únicamente pedazos de información."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6919
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
"creación una educación eficaz, culturalmente apropiada,\" Piya comentó."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6923
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
"Creative Commons en los materiales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6936
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
"preservando nuestro contenido y protegiéndonos al mismo tiempo.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"investigación impulsa todo lo que hacemos.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6952
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
"para cada versión adaptada de los materiales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6963
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
"la información de alguien del mismo genero."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6977
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"once veces."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6994
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
"y que funcionen.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7005
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
"completamente gratuito.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7014
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
"educativo. Todo el contenido permanece con la marca de TeachAIDS."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7022
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
"comentó Shuman."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7033
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
"venir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
"estas iniciativas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
"comentó Piya."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr "## Tribe of Noise"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
"fundada en 2008 en los Países Bajos (Holanda)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr "www.tribeofnoise.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 26 de enero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Hessel van Oorschot, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7071
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
"incluyendo el uso de software de fuentes abiertas y Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7079
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
"suficientemente fácil de encontrar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7087
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
"Sandra se decidieron a construir una plataforma."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7093
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
"negocio musicales requiere de una relación de confianza."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
"personalmente para encontrar dicha música."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
"músicos de Tribe of Noise.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
"cooperar, pero Tribe of Noise persistió, argumentando que ellos trabajan de "
"forma primaria con _artistas unicornio_ y les brindan exposición en partes "
"del mundo donde no es fácil llegar en avión, y ha resultado una fuente de "
-"ingresos — Y esto los convenció de que estaba bien. Pero, dice Hessel, ”"
-"Seguimos luchando por una buena causa todos los días.”"
+"ingresos — Y esto los convenció de que estaba bien. Pero, dice Hessel, "
+"”Seguimos luchando por una buena causa todos los días.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7137
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
"Estados Unidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
"es como presentan el ejemplo en su sitio Web:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7153
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
"que la proporción del músico es 5/350 = 1.43%. El costo de licenciamiento "
"acordado con el conglomerado es de US\\$12 por mes por reproducción. Así que "
"si 42.5% de esto es compartido con los músicos de Tribe en esta lista, y su "
-"participación es de 1.43%, termina recibiendo US\\$12 \\* 1000 tiendas \\*"
-"0.425 \\* 0.142 = US\\$73 por mes.2"
+"participación es de 1.43%, termina recibiendo US\\$12 \\* 1000 tiendas "
+"\\*0.425 \\* 0.142 = US\\$73 por mes.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7162
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"impediría volverse ricos por las ventas de dicha canción."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
"El equipo legal de Hesse obtuvo esta retroalimentación y creó un segundo "
"modelo, así como un área separada de la plataforma llamada Tribe of Noise "
"Pro. Las canciones subidas a Tribe of Noise Pro no llevan licenciamiento "
-"Creative Commons; Tribe of Noise creó, en vez de esto, un contrato de ”"
-"explotación no exclusiva”, similar a una licencia Creative Commons, pero que "
-"permite a los músicos abandonarlo cuando quieran. Cuando lo abandonan, Tribe "
-"of Noise retira su música de la plataforma de Tribe of Noise en el lapso de "
-"entre uno y dos meses. Esto permite al músico reutilizar su canción en un "
-"posible mejor acuerdo."
+"Creative Commons; Tribe of Noise creó, en vez de esto, un contrato de "
+"”explotación no exclusiva”, similar a una licencia Creative Commons, pero "
+"que permite a los músicos abandonarlo cuando quieran. Cuando lo abandonan, "
+"Tribe of Noise retira su música de la plataforma de Tribe of Noise en el "
+"lapso de entre uno y dos meses. Esto permite al músico reutilizar su canción "
+"en un posible mejor acuerdo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
"limpios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
"repertorio musical que el área comunitaria."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
"explorar otros modelos como el de Tribe of Noise Pro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7199
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
"la plataforma que genuinamente se involucran con ellos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7207
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"necesidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"ASCAP o BMI."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7233
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
"sin tener que enfrentar batallas legales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"basado en la confianza."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr "www.instoremusicservice.com"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr "## Wikimedia Foundation"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
"Wikipedia y sus proyectos hermanos. Fundada en 2003 en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr "wikimediafoundation.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: donaciones"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: Diciembre 18,2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
"LaPorte, asesor legal"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr "Casi cualquier persona con una presencia enlinea conoce la Wikipedia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
"permite a las personas reusarlo y adaptarlo para cualquier propósito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7275
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
"el artículo de la Wikipedia acerca de la Wikipedia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular "
"organization."
msgstr ""
-"La fundación Wikimedia es una organización sin ánimo de licro con base en "
-"E.U.A que es dueña del nombre de dominio de la Wikipedia y alberga al sitio "
+"La fundación Wikimedia es una organización sin ánimo de licro con base en E."
+"U.A que es dueña del nombre de dominio de la Wikipedia y alberga al sitio "
"web, asi como a muchos otros sitios relacionados como Wikidata y Wikimedia "
"Commons. La fundación emplea cerca de doscientos ochenta personas, quienes "
"trabajan para apoyar al proyecto que albergan. Pero el verdadero corazón de "
"no estan conectados con alguna organización en partícular."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
"are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration."
msgstr ""
"Como nos comentó Stephen LaPorte consejero legal de Wikimedia, «Hay un dicho "
-"común que dice que la Wikipedia trabaja en la práctica pero no en la teoría.»"
-" Aunque indudablemente tiene sus retos y fallas, Wikipedia y sus proyectos "
-"hermanos son un testamento impactante del poder de la colaboración humana."
+"común que dice que la Wikipedia trabaja en la práctica pero no en la "
+"teoría.» Aunque indudablemente tiene sus retos y fallas, Wikipedia y sus "
+"proyectos hermanos son un testamento impactante del poder de la colaboración "
+"humana."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
"simplemente todo ocurre a una escala sin precedentes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7309
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
"hechas cada hora."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7329
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
"Wikimedia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7342
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
"90 y el 98 porciento de las ediciones en la Wikipedia son positivas. Una "
"parte de ese exito es atribuible a las herramientas que Wikimedia tiene para "
"tratar de incentivar a los buenos actores.«El secreto para tener cualquier "
-"comunidad saludable es traer de vuelta a la gente correcta,» Luis comentó. «"
-"Los vandalos tienden a aburrirse e irse. Eso es parcialmente nuestro modelo "
+"comunidad saludable es traer de vuelta a la gente correcta,» Luis comentó. "
+"«Los vandalos tienden a aburrirse e irse. Eso es parcialmente nuestro modelo "
"trabajando, y parcialmente solo naturaleza humana.» La mayor parte del "
"tiempo, la gente quiere hacer lo correcto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
"siempre lo mejor para todos.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7369
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"contribuyentes.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
"\\$77 millones de más de cinco millones de donadores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7386
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"retornen. Cada poco ayuda. Con las suficientes miradas, ellos estan bien."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
"que hace la fundación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
"lectores. Tambien infunde confianza en su comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
"motivar un movimiento entero,» Stephen nos comentó."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
"público abierto.»"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr "## Bibliografía"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
"from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
"2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7433
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
"2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
-"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
-"www.benkler.org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licenciado bajo CC BY-"
-"NC-SA)."
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
+"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
"models-book-64463892 (licenciado bajo CC BY-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
"paradigm/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
"Bollier, David, y Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the Commons: "
"Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-Based "
"Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in cooperation "
-"with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. bollier.org"
-"/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. Para más información, vere "
+"with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. bollier.org/"
+"democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. Para más información, vere "
"bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7480
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"urban-commons1.pdf."
msgstr ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
-"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated por LabGov ("
-"LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italia: Ciudad de "
+"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated por LabGov "
+"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italia: Ciudad de "
"Boloña, 2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-"
"on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-"
"of-urban-commons1.pdf."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
"under CC BY-NC-ND)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7511
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
"Carbon Economy.” Cap. 11 en Elliott y Hepting, Free Knowledge."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
msgstr ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, y Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
-"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. "
-"ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
+"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
+"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
"Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
"Governing Knowledge Commons. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
msgstr ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, y Katherine J. Strandburg. “"
-"Governing Knowledge Commons.” Cap. 1 en Frischmann, Madison, y Strandburg, "
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, y Katherine J. Strandburg. "
+"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Cap. 1 en Frischmann, Madison, y Strandburg, "
"Governing Knowledge Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
"con nuevo epílogo. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
"York: Viking, 2013."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
"and the Commons. Nueva York: Zed Books, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
"Farrar, Straus y Giroux, 2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
"Books. Nueva York: Vintage Books, 2007."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
"within Us All. Nueva York: Crown, 2013."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
"Discovered. Nueva York: Workman, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
"Nueva York: Workman, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
"BBC News, Marzo 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
"Economy. Nueva York: Penguin Press, 2008."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7577
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
"Straus y Giroux, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
"2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
"libro está disponible en strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
"People Help. Nueva York: Grand Central, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
-"the Results? The Hague, Países Bajos: Europeana Foundation, 2014. "
-"pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licenciado bajo "
-"CC BY-SA)."
+"the Results? The Hague, Países Bajos: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro."
+"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licenciado bajo CC "
+"BY-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
-"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/"
-"The\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
+"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
-"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings"
-"/cathedral-bazaar/."
+"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/"
+"cathedral-bazaar/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
"Business, 2011."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
"Macmillan, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
"Enemy of Prosperity. Nueva York: Portfolio, 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
"York: Farrar, Straus y Giroux, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
"Collaborators. Londres, Inglaterra: Penguin Books, 2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
"Books, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
"Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
"Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. Nueva York: Anchor Books, 2005."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
"Portfolio, 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
"Reiter. Nueva York: Simon y Schuster, 2006."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
"bajo CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
-"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com"
-"/get-the-book/ (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
+"get-the-book/ (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-ND)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
-"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
-"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
+"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-ND)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr "## Agradecimientos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
"inicial que nos permitió empezar este proyecto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7682
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
"los comunes tengan vida. Gracias por la inspiración."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
"trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
"invaluable. Gracias de todo corazón a todos ustedes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7740
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
"Xavier Antoviaque, Yancey Strickler"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8093
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, Janos Kovacs, Jasmina "
"Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu"
+#~ msgid "# Part 1"
+#~ msgstr "# Parte 1"
+
+#~ msgid "# Part 2"
+#~ msgstr "# Parte 2"
+
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to "
#~ "James Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-31 12:02-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-13 12:28-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
-msgid "# Part 1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:337
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its "
"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
msgid ""
"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * "
"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a "
"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like "
"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2096
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in "
"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
msgid "#### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
-msgid "# Part 2"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design "
"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2724
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6238 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6262 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6699 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2799
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3029
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3125
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3148
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3913
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3985
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4126
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4286
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4515
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4524
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4529
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4537
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4551
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4558
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4565
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4572
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4586
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4594
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4618
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4624
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4647
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4698
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4706
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4712
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4720
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4725
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4746
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4752
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4764
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4775
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4788
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4793
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4799
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4824
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4822
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4842
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4855
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4925
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4931
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4937
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4947
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4970
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4978
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4985
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995
msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5018
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5040
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5056
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5141
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5139
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5149
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5165
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5170
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5175
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5192
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5198
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5199
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5232
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5245
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5260
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5266
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5272
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5280
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5322
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5364
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5362
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5371
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5381
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5390
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5398
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5405
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5410
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5415
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5420
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5429
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5446
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5462
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5471
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5482
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5515
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5524
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5532
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5558
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5564
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5610
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5622
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5631
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5641
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5651
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5666
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5673
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5681
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5700
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5707
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5715
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5723
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5757
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5798
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5808
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5839
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5847
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5852
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5874
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5886
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5891
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5927
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5936
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5946
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5974
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5995
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6003
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6056
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6066
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6064
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6076
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6087
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6099
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6109
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6122
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6141
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6157
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6172
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6182
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6195
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6199
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: "
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6279
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6295
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6305
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6314
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6326
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6338
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6346
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6359
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6378
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6384
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6398
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6445
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6465
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6493
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6499
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6521
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6532
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6545
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6553
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6582
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6596
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6602
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6610
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6634
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6650
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid "## Sparkfun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6703
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan "
"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6728
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6736
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6744
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6753
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6778
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6787
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6798
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6796
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6807
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6815
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6821
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6847
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6891
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6909
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6919
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6923
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6936
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6952
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6963
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6977
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6994
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7005
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7014
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7022
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7033
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7071
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7079
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7087
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7093
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7137
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7153
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7162
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7199
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7207
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7233
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7275
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7309
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7329
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7342
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7369
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7386
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7433
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7480
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7511
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a "
"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7577
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7682
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7740
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8093
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-31 12:00-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-13 12:28-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-09-23 07:09+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Allan Nordhøy <epost@anotheragency.no>\n"
-"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/nb/>\n"
+"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/"
+"madewithcc/translation/nb/>\n"
"Language: nb\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
-msgid "# Part 1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:337
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"disputter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr "### Creative Commons blir til"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr "## Hvordan bli laget med Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
msgid ""
"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
"\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2096
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
msgid "#### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr "## Creative Commons-lisensene"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
-msgid "# Part 2"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2724
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6238
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6262
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6699
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2799
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
"mindre prosjekter på oppdrag fra enkeltartister."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3029
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3125
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3148
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid ""
"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid ""
"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3913
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3985
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
"Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
"som samlinger (slik de gjør fra bibliotektsleverandører i dag)."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4126
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4286
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4515
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4524
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4529
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4537
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4551
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4558
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4565
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4572
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4586
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4594
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4618
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4624
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4647
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4698
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4706
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4712
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4720
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4725
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4746
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4752
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4764
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4775
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4788
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4793
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4799
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4824
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4822
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4842
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4855
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid ""
"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4925
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4931
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4937
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4947
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4970
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4978
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4985
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5018
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5040
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5056
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5141
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5139
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5149
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5165
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5170
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5175
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5192
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5198
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5199
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5232
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5245
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5260
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5266
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5272
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5280
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5322
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5364
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5362
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5371
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5381
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5390
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5398
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5405
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5410
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5415
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5420
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5429
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5446
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5462
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5471
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5482
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5515
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5524
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5532
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5558
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5564
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5610
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5622
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5631
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5641
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5651
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5666
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5673
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5681
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5700
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5707
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5715
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5723
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5757
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5798
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5808
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5839
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5847
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5852
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5874
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5886
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5891
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5927
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5936
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5946
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5974
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5995
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6003
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6056
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6066
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6064
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6076
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6087
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6099
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6109
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6122
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6141
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6157
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6172
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6182
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6195
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6199
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6279
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6295
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6305
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6314
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6326
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6338
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6346
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6359
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6378
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6384
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6398
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6445
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6465
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6493
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6499
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6521
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6532
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6545
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6553
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6582
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6596
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6602
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6610
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6634
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6650
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid "## Sparkfun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6703
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6728
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6736
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6744
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6753
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6778
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6787
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6798
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6796
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6807
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6815
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6821
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6847
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6891
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6909
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6919
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6923
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6936
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6952
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6963
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6977
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6994
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7005
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7014
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7022
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7033
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7071
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7079
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7087
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7093
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7137
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7153
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7162
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7199
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7207
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7233
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7275
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7309
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7329
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7342
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7369
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7386
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7433
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7480
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7511
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7577
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7682
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7740
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8093
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-31 12:00-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-13 12:28-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-07-10 13:29+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Heimen Stoffels <vistausss@outlook.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Dutch <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
-msgid "# Part 1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:337
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
#, fuzzy
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
#, fuzzy
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
msgid ""
"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
"\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2096
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
msgid "#### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
#, fuzzy
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
-msgid "# Part 2"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2724
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6238
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6262
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6699
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2799
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3029
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3125
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3148
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid ""
"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid ""
"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3913
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3985
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4126
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4286
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4515
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4524
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4529
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4537
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4551
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4558
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4565
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4572
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4586
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4594
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4618
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4624
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4647
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4698
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4706
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4712
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4720
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4725
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4746
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4752
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4764
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4775
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4788
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4793
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4799
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4824
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4822
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4842
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4855
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid ""
"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4925
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4931
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4937
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4947
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4970
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4978
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4985
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5018
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5040
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5056
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5141
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5139
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5149
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5165
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5170
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5175
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5192
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5198
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5199
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5232
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5245
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5260
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5266
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5272
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5280
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5322
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5364
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5362
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5371
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5381
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5390
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5398
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5405
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5410
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5415
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5420
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5429
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5446
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5462
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5471
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5482
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5515
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5524
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5532
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5558
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5564
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5610
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5622
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5631
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5641
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5651
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5666
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5673
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5681
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5700
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5707
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5715
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5723
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5757
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5798
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5808
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5839
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5847
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5852
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5874
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5886
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5891
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5927
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5936
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5946
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5974
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5995
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6003
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6056
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6066
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6064
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6076
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6087
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6099
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6109
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6122
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6141
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6157
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6172
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6182
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6195
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6199
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6279
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6295
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6305
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6314
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6326
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6338
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6346
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6359
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6378
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6384
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6398
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6445
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6465
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6493
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6499
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6521
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6532
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6545
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6553
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6582
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6596
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6602
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6610
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6634
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6650
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid "## Sparkfun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6703
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6728
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6736
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6744
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6753
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6778
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6787
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6798
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6796
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6807
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6815
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6821
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6847
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6891
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6909
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6919
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6923
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6936
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6952
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6963
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6977
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6994
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7005
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7014
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7022
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7033
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7071
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7079
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7087
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7093
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7137
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7153
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7162
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7199
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7207
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7233
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7275
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7309
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7329
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7342
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7369
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7386
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7433
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7480
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7511
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7577
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7682
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7740
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8093
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-31 12:00-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-13 12:28-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-08-30 10:47+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Stanisław Krukowski <stdf021@riseup.net>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
-msgid "# Part 1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:337
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
msgid ""
"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
"\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2096
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
msgid "#### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
-msgid "# Part 2"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2724
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6238
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6262
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6699
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2799
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3029
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3125
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3148
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid ""
"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid ""
"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3913
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3985
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4100
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4126
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4286
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4515
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4524
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4529
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4537
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4551
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4558
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4565
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4572
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4586
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4594
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4618
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4624
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4647
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4698
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4706
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4712
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4720
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4725
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4746
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4752
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4764
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4775
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4788
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4793
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4799
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4824
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4822
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4836
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4842
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4855
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid ""
"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4925
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4931
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4937
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4947
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4970
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4978
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4985
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5018
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5040
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5056
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5141
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5139
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5149
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5165
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5170
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5175
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5192
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5198
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5199
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5232
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5245
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5260
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5266
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5272
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5280
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5322
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5364
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5362
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5371
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5381
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5390
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5398
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5405
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5410
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5415
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5420
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5429
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5446
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5462
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5471
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5482
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5515
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5524
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5532
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5558
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5564
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5610
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5622
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5631
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5641
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5651
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5666
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5673
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5681
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5700
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5707
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5715
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5723
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5757
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5798
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5808
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5839
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5847
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5852
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5874
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5886
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5891
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5927
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5936
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5946
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5974
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5995
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6003
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6056
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6066
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6064
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6076
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6087
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6099
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6109
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6122
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6141
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6157
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6172
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6182
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6195
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6199
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6279
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6295
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6305
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6314
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6326
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6338
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6346
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6359
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6378
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6384
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6398
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6445
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6465
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6493
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6499
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6521
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6532
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6545
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6553
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6582
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6596
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6602
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6610
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6634
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6643
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6650
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid "## Sparkfun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6703
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6728
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6736
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6744
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6753
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6778
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6787
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6798
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6796
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6807
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6815
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6821
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6847
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6891
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6909
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6919
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6923
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6936
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6952
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6963
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6977
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6994
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7005
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7014
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7022
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7033
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7071
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7079
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7087
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7093
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7137
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7153
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7162
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7199
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7207
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7233
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7275
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7309
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7329
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7342
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7369
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7386
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7433
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7480
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7511
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7577
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7682
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7740
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8093
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
projects / text-madewithcc.git / commitdiff