-Made with Creative Commons
-
-Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson
+% Made with Creative Commons
+% Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson
Made With Creative Commons
>
>
>
-> — <cite>David Foster Wallace</cite>
+> — *David Foster Wallace*
## Foreword
Here are the most common high-level categories.
-#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *\[MARKET-BASED\]*
In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The
trick is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized
cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the custom-song
business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann.
-#### Charging for the physical copy * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+#### Charging for the physical copy *\[MARKET-BASED\]*
In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as
giving away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital
with other providers of the same works based on quality, service, or
other traditional business principles.
-#### Charging for the in-person version * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+#### Charging for the in-person version *\[MARKET-BASED\]*
As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing
creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming
people go view original art in person or pay to attend a talk or
training course.
-#### Selling merchandise * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+#### Selling merchandise *\[MARKET-BASED\]*
In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products
demonstrating a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can
platforms.36 Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are
willing to pay for—there are other services you can provide as well.
-#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\[MARKET-BASED\]*
The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In
this version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the
display advertising, the advertiser pays to be an official sponsor of
particular content or projects, or of the overall endeavor.
-#### Charging your content creators * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+#### Charging your content creators *\[MARKET-BASED\]*
Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators
themselves pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue
universities pay to have their faculties participate as writers of the
content on the Conversation website.
-#### Charging a transaction fee * \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+#### Charging a transaction fee *\[MARKET-BASED\]*
This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering
transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this
site pays a maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the
platform.
-#### Providing a service to your creators* \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+#### Providing a service to your creators *\[MARKET-BASED\]*
As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized
services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this
this model by providing paid tools to help their users make the data
they contribute to the platform more discoverable and reusable.
-#### Licensing a trademark* \[MARKET-BASED\]*
+#### Licensing a trademark *\[MARKET-BASED\]*
Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling
use of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:32-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:32+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-01-24 12:15+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Franz Wagner <franz.wagner35@gmail.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: German "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/de/>\n"
+"Language-Team: German <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
+"translation/de/>\n"
"Language: de\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"X-Generator: Weblate 2.19-dev\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Gemacht mit Creative Commons"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr "Paul Stacey und Sarah Hichliff Pearson"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+msgstr "von Paul Stacey & Sarah Hichliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5
msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
msgstr "Gemacht Mit Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7
msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "von Paul Stacey & Sarah Hichliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9
msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
msgstr "© 2017 von Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12
msgid ""
-"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
-"BY-SA), version 4.0."
+"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
+"SA), version 4.0."
msgstr ""
-"Veröffentlicht unter einer Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike-Lizenz ("
-"CC BY-SA), Version 4.0."
+"Veröffentlicht unter einer Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike-Lizenz "
+"(CC BY-SA), Version 4.0."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14
msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16
msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
msgstr "Cover- und Innendesign von Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18
msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
msgstr "Inhalt überarbeitet von Grace Yaginuma"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20
msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
msgstr "Illustrationen von Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22
msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
msgstr "Herunterladbares e-Book erhältlich auf madewith.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24
msgid "Publisher:"
msgstr "Herausgeber:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26
msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
msgstr "Strg+Alt+Entf-Bücher"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28
msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30
msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
msgstr "2200 Copenhagen N"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32
msgid "Denmark"
msgstr "Dänemark"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34
msgid "www.cadb.dk"
msgstr "www.cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36
msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
msgstr "hey@cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38
msgid "Printer:"
msgstr "Drucker:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40
msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42
msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44
msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46
msgid "Poland"
msgstr "Polen"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
"Lizenzdetails: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58
msgid ""
"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
"Plattform Kickstarter.com veröffentlicht."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
-"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
-"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
-"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
-"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
-"lives.”"
+"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that "
+"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays "
+"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also "
+"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length "
+"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our "
+"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*"
msgstr ""
"„Ich weiß nicht viel über Sachbuch-Journalismus... Die Weise, mit der ich "
"über diese Themen denke und insbesondere in Bezug darauf, was ich tun kann, "
"meisten von uns es in unserem Alltag tun könnten.“"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
-msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
-msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71
msgid "## Foreword"
msgstr "## Vorwort"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"unter CC eine „falsche Fährte“."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Gesellschaft und kein Selbstzweck.“"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
"so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, "
"she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her "
"sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our "
-"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, "
-"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating "
-"more."
+"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-"
+"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
-"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC "
-"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
+"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-"
+"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
"itself, an example of an open business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166
msgid ""
"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202
msgid ""
"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216
msgid "## Introduction"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral "
-"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and "
-"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the "
-"literature."
+"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—"
+"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote "
+"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
-"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something "
-"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and "
-"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with "
-"Creative Commons is not “business as usual.”"
+"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
+"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural "
+"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative "
+"Commons is not “business as usual.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
-"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main "
-"parts."
+"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
msgid ""
-"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by "
-"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, "
-"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared "
-"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking "
-"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing "
-"and enlarging the digital commons."
+"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
+"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
+"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the "
+"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market "
+"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
"of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section "
"outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed "
"bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their "
-"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they "
-"share."
+"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
-"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
-"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the "
-"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the "
-"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are "
-"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
+"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
+"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of "
+"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are "
+"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
+"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with "
-"commoning. Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social "
-"practice of commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a "
-"community of users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that "
-"balance the costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the "
-"community. Special regard is given to equitable access, use, and "
-"sustainability."
+"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. "
+"Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of "
+"commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of "
+"users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the "
+"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special "
+"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
-"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human "
-"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or "
-"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
+"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
+"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, "
+"which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not "
-"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially "
-"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and "
-"abundant."
+"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
+"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
-"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the "
-"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of "
-"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
+"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
+"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the "
+"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
"history."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
-"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to "
-"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources "
-"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies "
-"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money "
-"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws "
-"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and "
-"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a "
-"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how "
-"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed."
+"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
+"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became "
+"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved "
+"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating "
+"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were "
+"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over "
+"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of "
+"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is "
+"the primary means by which resources are managed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to "
"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then "
-"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support "
-"anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
+"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. "
+"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
-"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
-"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work "
-"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that "
-"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities "
-"without any regulation by central authorities or without "
-"privatization. Government and privatization are not the only two "
-"choices. There is a third way: management by the people, where those that "
-"are directly impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there "
-"is a regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with "
-"the natural resource, have the most direct relationship and history with it, "
-"and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the "
-"governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized the "
-"importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state for "
-"solving problems of collective action.14"
+"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
+"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying "
+"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural "
+"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without "
+"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government "
+"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: "
+"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are "
+"directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The "
+"people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have "
+"the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best "
+"situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural "
+"resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the "
+"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of "
+"collective action.14"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
-"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure "
-"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
+"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
+"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
"found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and "
"encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help "
"people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, "
"books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily "
"created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for "
-"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright "
-"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by "
-"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
+"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. "
+"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law "
+"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
"permission."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
-"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by "
-"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and "
-"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
+"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
+"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are "
+"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
"permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly "
"understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer "
"beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, "
"participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social "
-"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative "
-"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant "
-"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange "
-"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
+"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. "
+"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits "
+"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a "
+"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
"software movement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
"platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to "
"citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to "
"seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working "
-"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government "
-"reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure "
-"works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid "
-"for them."
+"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. "
+"Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works "
+"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for "
+"them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where "
-"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. "
-"Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly "
-"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital "
-"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything "
-"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
+"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-"
+"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but "
+"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are "
+"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
+"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
"Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the "
"commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being "
"digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many "
-"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common "
-"goal. They aim for abundance over scarcity."
+"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
+"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
"benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are "
"benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business "
"goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, "
-"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, "
-"worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational "
-"forms offer alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these "
-"alternative market entities are changing the rules and norms of the "
-"market.32"
+"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-"
+"owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer "
+"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative "
+"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
-"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the "
-"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a "
-"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and "
-"commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or "
-"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with "
-"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been "
-"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a "
-"predefined model."
+"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-"
+"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business "
+"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons "
+"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting "
+"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative "
+"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
+"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but "
-"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, patrons "
-". . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn revenue "
-"available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to Bring In "
-"Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and each "
-"endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one "
-"way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to "
-"sustainability."
+"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, "
+"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn "
+"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to "
+"Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and "
+"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more "
+"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
+"paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
-"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before "
-"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front "
-"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no "
-"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM "
-"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to "
-"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way "
-"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and "
-"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
+"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
+"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without "
+"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of "
+"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees "
+"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage "
+"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the "
+"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes "
+"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set "
"of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more "
"than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are "
-"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are "
-"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. "
-"Develop trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be "
-"transparent. Defend the commons."
+"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. "
+"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; "
+"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
-"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, "
-"eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg "
-"(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
+"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
" City of Bologna, 2014),\n"
-" "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
+" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
" Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
"35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n"
" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n"
-" "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
+" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
" You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n"
" Questions at\n"
-" "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
+" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
"36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n"
" post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n"
-" "
-"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
+" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative "
"work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
"endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a "
-"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of "
-"it."
+"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want "
-"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could "
-"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to "
-"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business "
-"lens."
+"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. "
+"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book "
+"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
"looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those "
"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot "
"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It "
-"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and "
-"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
+"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. "
+"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going "
"day to day.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
"something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of "
"zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It "
"simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on "
-"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the "
-"work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” "
-"prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
+"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. "
+"If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting "
+"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
"counterproductive."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
"playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your "
"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money "
"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they "
-"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing "
-"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain "
-"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
+"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-"
+"resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and "
+"making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared "
"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from "
"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
-"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are "
-"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
+"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
+"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
"proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to "
"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
-"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon "
-"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following "
-"your work spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because "
-"we simply have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because "
-"a large following is at least a partial indicator of quality or "
-"usefulness.18"
+"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
+"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work "
+"spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply "
+"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large "
+"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
-"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the "
-"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public "
-"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities "
-"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, "
-"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most "
-"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the "
-"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, "
-"within both the marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect "
-"a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of "
-"circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is "
-"particularly the case for something as straightforward and consistent with "
-"basic notions of fairness as providing credit."
+"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
+"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does "
+"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give "
+"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social "
+"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate "
+"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms "
+"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the "
+"marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes "
+"on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people "
+"are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case "
+"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of "
+"fairness as providing credit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based "
"on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge "
-"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of "
-"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around "
-"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
+"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-"
+"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the "
+"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
"license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the "
"most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having "
"the most people see and cite your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560
msgid ""
-"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its "
-"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to "
-"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing "
-"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a "
-"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted "
-"information source is more valuable than ever."
+"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
+"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
+"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a "
+"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online "
+"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source "
+"is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of "
"catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical "
"goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more "
-"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the "
-"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), "
-"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version "
-"people bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
+"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. "
+"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free "
+"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
+"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, "
"transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, "
"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the "
-"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than "
-"others. With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the "
-"content is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the "
-"ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. "
+"With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content "
+"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to "
+"adapt a photo is less important."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
-"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their "
-"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive "
-"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence "
-"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is "
-"part of the event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more "
-"deeply tied to your work."
+"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
+"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, "
+"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as "
+"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the "
+"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied "
+"to your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
msgid ""
-"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *\\[MARKET-BASED"
+"\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 "
"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services "
-"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” "
-"Mann."
+"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
-msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
-msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face "
-"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the "
-"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
+"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-"
+"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
-msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the "
"offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a "
"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 "
-"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay "
-"for—there are other services you can provide as well."
+"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—"
+"there are other services you can provide as well."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
-msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the "
"number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become "
"essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
-"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative "
-"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser "
-"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the "
-"overall endeavor."
+"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. "
+"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be "
+"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall "
+"endeavor."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
-msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
-"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by "
-"others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing "
-"charge” of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library "
-"of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
+"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. "
+"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” "
+"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of "
+"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have "
"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation "
"website."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
-msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
-"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through "
-"CC-licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue "
-"when creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other "
-"platforms make money when service providers transact with their customers; "
-"for example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a "
-"maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
+"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-"
+"licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when "
+"creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms "
+"make money when service providers transact with their customers; for "
+"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker "
+"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
-msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
-msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
-"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open "
-"content. Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something "
-"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as "
-"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are "
-"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, "
-"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
+"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. "
+"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are "
+"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of "
+"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally "
+"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in "
+"situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply "
"wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this "
-"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the "
-"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of "
-"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building "
-"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art "
-"of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
+"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. "
+"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her "
+"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her "
+"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of "
+"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
-"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major "
-"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
+"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
+"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
"definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets "
"tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and "
"to the idea of open access generally."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into "
"what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I "
-"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative "
-"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright "
-"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of "
-"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
+"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. "
+"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in "
+"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
+"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
-"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with "
-"them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone "
-"is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are "
-"a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
+"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. "
+"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is "
+"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a "
+"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the "
"glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful "
"way."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make "
"the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are "
-"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In "
-"business-speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the "
-"public.44 But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-"
+"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But "
+"it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
-"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to "
-"lowest-common-denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of "
-"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple "
-"as asking for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions "
-"you make, even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is "
-"time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to actually respond to "
-"the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting input in the first "
-"place.48 But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity "
-"of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people "
-"involved and invested in what you do."
+"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
+"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that "
+"cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking "
+"for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, "
+"even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you "
+"don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it "
+"can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get "
+"it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps "
+"endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested "
+"in what you do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068
msgid ""
-"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a "
-"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that "
-"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
+"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
+"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
+"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better "
"than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that "
"people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to "
"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any "
"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and "
-"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that "
-"people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most "
-"often, they do."
+"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—"
+"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, "
+"they do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089
msgid ""
-"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like "
-"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even "
-"if you happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you "
-"are better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, "
-"too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends "
-"him. Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to "
-"communicate with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she "
-"talks.54"
+"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
+"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
+"happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are "
+"better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. "
+"Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. "
+"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate "
+"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106
msgid ""
-"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in "
-"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too "
-"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
+"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
+"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
+"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
"customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors "
"are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important "
"to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
"create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people "
"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 "
"To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically "
-"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to "
-"like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by "
-"using CC."
+"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-"
+"minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using "
+"CC."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
-"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their "
-"own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group "
-"(which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), "
-"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona "
-"fides.”61 Building true community requires giving people within the "
-"community the power to create or influence the rules that govern the "
-"community.62 If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, "
-"people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to "
-"disengagement."
+"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. "
+"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which "
+"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable "
+"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building "
+"true community requires giving people within the community the power to "
+"create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are "
+"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a "
+"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
"than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they "
"invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional "
"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for "
-"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the "
-"picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and "
-"involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to "
-"input was the writing, the music itself.”71"
+"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. "
+"Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement "
+"with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was "
+"the writing, the music itself.”71"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in "
"your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and "
"information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) "
-"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something "
-"plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
+"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—"
+"and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
-"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the "
-"project. Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be "
-"Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what "
-"they do. The goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from "
-"thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition "
-"them into active participants.75"
+"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. "
+"Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but "
+"every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The "
+"goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of "
+"consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into "
+"active participants.75"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
-"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses "
-"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed "
-"materials."
+"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. "
+"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
-"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with "
-"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the "
-"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both "
-"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the "
-"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they "
-"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing."
+"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other "
+"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain "
+"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content "
+"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code "
+"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their "
+"involvement with and commitment to sharing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make "
"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
"commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a "
-"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC "
-"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you "
-"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film "
-"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length "
-"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
+"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-"
+"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply "
+"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company "
+"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or "
+"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant "
-"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to "
-"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you "
-"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs "
-"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative "
-"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial "
-"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the "
-"dream of having a major record label discover their work."
+"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. "
+"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in "
+"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license "
+"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The "
+"music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were "
+"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having "
+"a major record label discover their work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579
msgid ""
-"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design "
-"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work "
-"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would "
-"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about "
-"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source "
-"product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a "
-"product.”"
+"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
+"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
+"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive "
+"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open "
+"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product "
+"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
-"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still "
-"apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an "
-"open-source way can only help you.”"
+"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. "
+"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-"
+"source way can only help you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says "
-"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does "
-"matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino "
-"team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by "
-"conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the "
-"platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant "
-"to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from "
-"there."
+"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—"
+"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had "
+"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting "
+"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make "
+"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and "
+"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
-"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial "
-"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s "
-"revenue-generating model."
+"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. "
+"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-"
+"generating model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up "
"certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the "
-"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is "
-"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open "
-"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send "
-"In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
+"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. "
+"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing "
+"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the "
+"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played "
"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, "
"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
-"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
-"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both "
-"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for "
-"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology "
-"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
+"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
+"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were "
+"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts "
+"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and "
+"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
"Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people "
"and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now "
-"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each "
-"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students "
-"and offer classes on more specialized topics."
+"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. "
+"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer "
+"classes on more specialized topics."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831
msgid ""
-"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
-"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
-"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find "
-"inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a "
-"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge "
-"said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple "
-"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, "
-"like a course or a book.”"
+"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
+"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
+"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. "
+"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, "
+"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first "
+"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can "
+"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign "
"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible "
-"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he "
-"said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
+"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. "
+"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
-"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on "
-"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale "
-"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized "
-"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it "
-"needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film "
-"projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many "
-"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget "
-"constraints.”"
+"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. "
+"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the "
+"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but "
+"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on "
+"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the "
+"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with "
+"us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
-"the software and the content produced with the software free and "
-"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
+"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. "
+"Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
-"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
-"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit "
-"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards "
-"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right "
-"kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
+"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
+"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their "
+"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are "
+"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind "
+"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101
msgid ""
-"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
-"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
-"make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
+"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
+"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
+"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
-"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with "
-"it. People totally caught the joke.”"
+"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
+"People totally caught the joke.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
-"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
-"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia."
+"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
+"Founded in 2011 in Australia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the "
-"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce "
-"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism "
-"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative "
-"model."
+"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. "
+"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t "
+"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These "
"were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the "
-"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in "
-"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, "
-"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what "
-"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was "
-"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass "
-"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and "
-"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of "
-"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a "
-"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower "
-"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, "
-"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an "
-"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to "
-"the wider public."
+"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. "
+"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists "
+"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a "
+"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or "
+"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want "
+"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect "
+"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, "
+"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—"
+"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal "
+"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but "
+"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good "
+"at presenting their expertise to the wider public."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic "
"into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
"difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a "
-"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is "
-"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes "
-"and writing whatever they want."
+"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. "
+"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing "
+"whatever they want."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
-"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
-"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better "
-"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better "
-"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of "
-"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is "
-"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based "
-"information."
+"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
+"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of "
+"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public "
+"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information "
+"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide "
+"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
"others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the "
"content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites "
"have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 "
-"million unique views per month, but through republication they have "
-"thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the "
-"Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central "
-"to everything the Conversation does."
+"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-"
+"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative "
+"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to "
+"everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
-"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he "
-"said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing "
-"this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
+"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. "
+"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this "
+"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
"important thing I know how to do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about "
"technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several "
"nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be "
-"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet "
-"age."
+"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
-"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
-"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a "
-"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of "
-"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He "
-"calls it Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that "
-"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your "
-"benefit.”"
+"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
+"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular "
+"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over "
+"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it "
+"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to "
+"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of "
-"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and "
-"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
+"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code"
+"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
"is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does "
"not allow."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625
msgid ""
-"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
-"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
-"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s "
-"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets "
-"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
+"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
+"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
+"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with "
+"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY "
+"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
-"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
-"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the "
-"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too."
+"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
+"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he "
+"opened it up for them to use, too."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673
msgid ""
-"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
-"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
-"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the "
-"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having "
-"to develop this functionality as part of their own "
-"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the "
-"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to "
-"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides research-data "
-"infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer "
-"Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them "
-"to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
+"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
+"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
+"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. "
+"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop "
+"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data "
+"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-"
+"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. "
+"Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of "
+"publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, "
+"to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for "
+"the data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
-"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
-"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the "
-"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United "
-"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to "
-"be pulled into an app developed by a completely different researcher that "
-"converts the data into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can "
-"alter by changing any of the variables.2"
+"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
+"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal "
+"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid "
+"to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into "
+"an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data "
+"into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing "
+"any of the variables.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an "
-"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and "
-"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
+"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-"
+"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
"presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what "
"license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option "
"of using Creative Commons licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of "
"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied "
"solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would "
-"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were "
-"early-career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders "
-"mandated open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
+"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-"
+"career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated "
+"open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping "
-"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the "
-"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark "
-"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If "
-"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a "
-"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key "
-"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting "
-"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new "
-"discoveries."
+"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—"
+"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees "
+"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was "
+"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. "
+"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. "
+"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to "
+"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
-msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
+msgid ""
+"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
+"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
-msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
+msgid ""
+"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
+"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
-"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
-"Zealand."
+"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
"said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available "
"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this "
"meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that "
-"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that "
-"matter—not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, "
-"their businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
+"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—"
+"not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their "
+"businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
"availability and accessibility of information. Data is spread across "
"thousands of sites and is held within databases and spreadsheets that "
"require both time and skill to engage with. To use data when making a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
"perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds "
"of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to "
"collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and "
-"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision "
-"making. Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes "
-"that it is underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ "
-"is focused on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money "
-"allocated to collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful "
-"and generates value. If the government wants citizens to understand why "
-"certain decisions are being made and to be more aware about what the "
-"government is doing, why not transform the data it collects into easily "
-"understood visuals? It could even become a way for a government or any "
-"organization to differentiate, market, and brand itself."
+"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. "
+"Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is "
+"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused "
+"on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to "
+"collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates "
+"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions "
+"are being made and to be more aware about what the government is doing, why "
+"not transform the data it collects into easily understood visuals? It could "
+"even become a way for a government or any organization to differentiate, "
+"market, and brand itself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
-"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those "
-"areas. Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
+"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
+"Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
"environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, "
"tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and "
"graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or "
-"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for "
-"them. Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
+"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. "
+"Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can "
"you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond "
"quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would "
-"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on "
-"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for "
-"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are "
-"interested in."
+"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure."
+"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be "
+"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
-msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
+msgid ""
+"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
-msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
+msgid ""
+"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
+"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by "
-"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license "
-"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or "
-"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest "
-"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be "
-"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no "
-"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to "
-"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print "
-"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances "
-"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts "
-"as a marketing vehicle for the print format."
+"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-"
+"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-"
+"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is "
+"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the "
+"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the "
+"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, "
+"Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books were 10 to "
+"20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the "
+"Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for "
+"the print format."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the "
"first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed "
-"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and "
-"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
+"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-"
+"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
-"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a "
-"“book-processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an "
-"open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
+"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-"
+"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access "
+"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
"size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small "
"packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, "
-"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per "
-"package. Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least "
-"six of the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book "
-"was just under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten "
-"months. It started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having "
-"a library task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, "
-"getting the libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, "
-"unlatching."
+"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. "
+"Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of "
+"the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just "
+"under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It "
+"started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having a library "
+"task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, getting the "
+"libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
-"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 "
-"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in "
-"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three "
-"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the "
-"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second "
-"round, it took one month to get twenty-six."
+"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
+"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past "
+"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That "
+"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, "
+"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it "
+"took one month to get twenty-six."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231
msgid ""
-"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
-"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
-"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service "
-"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans "
-"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs "
-"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, "
-"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and "
-"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books."
+"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
+"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
+"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that "
+"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up "
+"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are "
+"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched "
+"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include "
+"unlatching journals and older books."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
-"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
-"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making "
-"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational "
-"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called "
-"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open "
-"general-education courses across eight colleges predominantly serving "
-"at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and "
-"collaborate to improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim "
-"exceeded those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, "
-"decreased to zero dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 "
-"to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round of "
-"funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in and "
-"benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see "
-"the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought "
-"further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them "
-"to define a plan to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That "
-"is when they decided to create Lumen Learning."
+"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
+"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
+"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more "
+"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, "
+"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope "
+"Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education "
+"courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with "
+"goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the "
+"courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the "
+"cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero "
+"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when "
+"compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of "
+"more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this "
+"project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this "
+"initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan "
+"to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they "
+"decided to create Lumen Learning."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and "
"offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead "
-"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf "
-"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good "
-"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving "
-"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they "
-"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in "
-"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and "
-"universities—"
+"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. "
+"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing "
+"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged "
+"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what "
+"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is "
+"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who "
-"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled "
-"student."
+"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not "
"put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in "
"technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights "
-"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a "
-"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has "
-"generated immense goodwill in the community."
+"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-"
+"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense "
+"goodwill in the community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
-"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the "
-"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students "
-"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the "
-"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up "
-"at the end of each page."
+"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the "
+"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a "
+"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and "
+"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of "
+"each page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the "
"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
-"the Virginia community college system, which is building out "
-"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar "
-"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its "
-"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on "
-"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number "
-"of students."
+"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. "
+"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-"
+"level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where "
+"there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, "
+"they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
-"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
-"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up "
-"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, "
-"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted "
-"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 "
-"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with "
-"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding "
-"with revenue."
+"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
+"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the "
+"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment "
+"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant "
+"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. "
+"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since "
"he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired "
-"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that "
-"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
+"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. "
+"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
"least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are "
"extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend "
"announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
"wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to "
"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your "
"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” "
-"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of "
-"time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
+"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. "
+"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
-"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he "
-"said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they "
-"need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other "
-"artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom "
-"songs for clients."
+"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. "
+"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and "
+"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes "
+"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for "
+"clients."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
msgid ""
-"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
-"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
-"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
+"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
+"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
+"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the "
"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired "
"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
-"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
-"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
-"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely "
-"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can "
-"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work "
-"is a living embodiment of these principles."
+"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
+"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
+"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes "
+"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the "
+"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living "
+"embodiment of these principles."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
-"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
-"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its "
-"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback "
-"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the "
-"relationship they have with their global community of designers."
+"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
+"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. "
+"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they "
+"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they "
+"have with their global community of designers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
"users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many "
"similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one "
"they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby "
-"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly "
-"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says "
-"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good "
-"for the platform."
+"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. "
+"This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this "
+"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for "
+"the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
"from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would "
"be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly "
-"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of "
-"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons "
-"without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for "
-"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how "
-"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require "
-"you to purchase the API Pro version."
+"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. "
+"Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without "
+"giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. "
+"You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it "
+"integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you "
+"to purchase the API Pro version."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776
msgid ""
-"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
-"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
+"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
+"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"percent to Noun Project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
-"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and "
-"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
+"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. "
+"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
-msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
+msgid ""
+"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
+"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
-"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
+"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
+"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are "
"central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY "
"(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901
msgid ""
-"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
-"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
-"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local "
-"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and "
-"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data "
-"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can "
-"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target "
-"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better "
-"understanding what is happening around them."
+"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
+"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
+"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing "
+"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but "
+"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a "
+"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help "
+"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It "
+"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is "
+"happening around them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on "
-"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an "
-"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into "
-"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, "
-"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
+"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-"
+"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two "
+"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and "
+"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
"members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the "
"benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members "
"are listed on their website.)2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
"has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is "
"one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier "
"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay "
-"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” "
-"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so "
-"they can attend as a form of professional development."
+"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-"
+"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can "
+"attend as a form of professional development."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975
msgid ""
-"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
-"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
-"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of "
-"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills "
-"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The "
-"training tends to generate high interest and commitment."
+"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
+"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
+"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data "
+"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by "
+"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training "
+"tends to generate high interest and commitment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
-msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
+msgid ""
+"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015
msgid ""
-"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
-"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
-"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s "
-"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic "
-"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international "
-"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
+"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
+"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
+"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data "
+"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were "
+"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which "
+"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set "
"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
"deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and "
-"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the "
-"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI "
-"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the "
-"brand."
+"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. "
+"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes "
+"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is "
-"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with "
-"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open "
-"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that "
-"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not "
-"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have "
-"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
+"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. "
+"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is "
+"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is "
+"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely "
+"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI "
+"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
"people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they "
"use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish "
-"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they "
-"offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
+"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. "
+"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
-msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
+msgid ""
+"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
-msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+msgid ""
+"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
+"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
-msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+msgid ""
+"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring "
"digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to "
-"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical "
-"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also "
-"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the "
-"goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an open "
-"license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start "
-"of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project "
-"dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the "
-"same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with "
-"Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
+"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. "
+"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. "
+"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They "
+"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it "
+"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for "
+"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
+"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The "
+"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a "
+"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
-"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing "
-"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of "
-"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital "
-"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still "
-"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the "
-"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons."
+"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. "
+"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design "
+"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing "
+"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold "
+"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel "
+"and settled on using Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s "
"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
-"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a "
-"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that "
-"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the "
-"design file."
+"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-"
+"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes "
+"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
-"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
-"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own "
-"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
+"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
+"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this "
+"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
"Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting "
"in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk "
"file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk "
-"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of "
-"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost "
-"and are typically apportioned as follows:"
+"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. "
+"Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and "
+"are typically apportioned as follows:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
-"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in "
-"people."
+"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
-"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
-"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
+"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
+"Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
-"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, "
-"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, "
-"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and "
-"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and "
-"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s "
-"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with "
-"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
+"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. "
+"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. "
+"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely "
+"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, "
+"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of "
+"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and "
+"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
-"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
-"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora "
-"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and "
-"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield "
-"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To "
-"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going "
-"to require philanthropic investment."
+"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
+"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, "
+"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, "
+"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. "
+"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and "
+"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic "
+"investment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
-"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to "
-"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the "
-"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has "
-"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to "
-"Sociology 2e, using these funds."
+"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. "
+"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they "
+"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already "
+"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, "
+"using these funds."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453
msgid ""
-"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
-"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
-"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting "
-"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no "
-"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still "
-"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving "
-"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax "
-"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their "
-"materials."
+"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
+"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
+"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what "
+"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide "
+"their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. "
+"OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through "
+"free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners "
+"are out there showcasing their materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. "
"Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and "
"use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break "
-"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns "
-"policy. This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles "
-"is virtually a hundred percent."
+"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. "
+"This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is "
+"virtually a hundred percent."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in "
-"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted "
-"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that "
-"is reasonable."
+"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. "
+"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is "
+"reasonable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
-"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
-"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author "
-"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is "
-"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of "
-"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them "
-"and they earn all the money up front."
+"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
+"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might "
+"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only "
+"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all "
+"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and "
+"they earn all the money up front."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole "
-"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on "
-"partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By "
-"enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic "
-"freedom."
+"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. "
+"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling "
+"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
-msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+msgid ""
+"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used "
"to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music "
"for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it "
-"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a "
-"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
+"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-"
+"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone "
-"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda "
-"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an "
-"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing "
-"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a "
-"natural fit."
+"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. "
+"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy "
+"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what "
+"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural "
+"fit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in "
"the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, "
"engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component "
-"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to "
-"listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” "
-"Amanda wrote."
+"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. "
+"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not "
-"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it "
-"differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t "
-"joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is "
-"joyful to you.”"
+"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. "
+"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to "
+"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to "
+"you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
-"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a "
-"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that "
-"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her "
-"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than "
-"forcing people to help her, she lets them."
+"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. "
+"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from "
+"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other "
+"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to "
+"help her, she lets them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
-msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766
+msgid ""
+"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
+"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
+"\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
-"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
-"U.S."
+"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
+"S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael "
"announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to "
"do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the "
-"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new "
-"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released "
-"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
+"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-"
+"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under "
+"Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, "
"genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, "
-"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to "
-"\\$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in "
-"2006, are just under \\$1,500."
+"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-"
+"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under "
+"\\$1,500."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
-"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing "
-"charges."
+"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on "
"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
"open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the "
-"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon "
-"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on "
-"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS "
-"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly "
-"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this "
-"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication."
+"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. "
+"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to "
+"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better "
+"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research "
+"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors "
+"to submit their work for publication."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871
msgid ""
-"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
-"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
-"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
+"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
+"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
+"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
"this aligns with how they think research content should be published and "
"disseminated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
-"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
-"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define "
-"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each "
-"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high "
-"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the "
-"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their "
-"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection "
-"online."
+"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
+"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete "
+"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This "
+"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from "
+"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started "
+"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with "
+"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119
msgid ""
-"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
-"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
-"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a "
-"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more "
-"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can "
-"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now "
-"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million "
-"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of "
-"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona "
-"Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see "
-"it in real life by visiting the actual museum."
+"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
+"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
+"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On "
+"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, "
+"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be "
+"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in "
+"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per "
+"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. "
+"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” "
+"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real "
+"life by visiting the actual museum."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
-"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
-"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound "
-"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
+"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
+"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by "
+"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license "
"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they "
"want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
-"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his "
-"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the "
-"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy "
-"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on "
-"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an "
-"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The "
-"Threatened Swan.3"
+"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. "
+"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in "
+"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire "
+"people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a "
+"kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet "
+"along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
"their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at "
"selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money "
"block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For "
-"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but "
-"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose "
-"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
+"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-"
+"foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of "
+"its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous "
"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their "
"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015"
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
+"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
+"award-2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
+msgid ""
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
+"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
-msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+msgid ""
+"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But "
"choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the "
-"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s "
-"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing "
-"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” "
-"and continued to grow their audience."
+"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. "
+"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online "
+"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to "
+"grow their audience."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on "
"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons "
"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, "
-"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run "
-"democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their "
-"readers make changes in their own lives and communities."
+"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. "
+"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make "
+"changes in their own lives and communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC "
"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, "
"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal "
-"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the "
-"case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but "
-"most of the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than "
-"we do.”"
+"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. "
+"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of "
+"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
-"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for "
-"help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
+"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. "
+"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching "
"their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, "
"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe "
"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more "
"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over "
-"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years "
-"ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
+"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. "
+"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable "
"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their "
"network to implement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
-"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
-"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people "
-"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
+"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
+"fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the "
+"ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
"is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but "
"of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
"transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and "
-"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a "
-"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based "
-"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they "
-"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions."
+"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-"
+"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on "
+"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to "
+"share and free from legal repercussions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
-"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
-"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
+"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
+"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A "
"single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including "
"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to "
"provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark "
-"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a "
-"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent "
-"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy "
-"negotiation, the government said no."
+"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-"
+"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for "
+"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the "
+"government said no."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
-"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
-"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per "
-"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
+"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
+"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned "
+"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open "
"license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to "
"do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the "
-"resources and support they need to achieve the education they "
-"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons "
-"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
+"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. "
+"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means "
+"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
"revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In "
"terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the "
"block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
-msgid "## Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681
+msgid "## SparkFun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid ""
-"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
-"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
+"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
+"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
msgid ""
-"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan "
-"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were "
-"never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
+"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
+"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
+"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
"world.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
-"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your "
-"laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
+"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
+"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts "
-"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and "
-"support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP "
-"\\[intellectual property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they "
-"should be competing on.”"
+"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. "
+"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual "
+"property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be "
+"competing on.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
-"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
-"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to "
-"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on "
-"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core "
-"business."
+"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
+"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create "
+"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing "
+"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
"perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event "
"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and "
"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees "
-"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get "
-"face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with "
-"a human element, which makes it more meaningful."
+"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-"
+"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a "
+"human element, which makes it more meaningful."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and "
-"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the "
-"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and "
-"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been "
-"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain "
-"point, and we would design something to address it.”"
+"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. "
+"SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to "
+"build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to "
+"the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we "
+"would design something to address it.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
"public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a "
"particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people "
"contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are "
-"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you "
-"open-source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
+"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-"
+"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
-"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
-"U.S."
+"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
-"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford "
-"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next "
-"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national "
-"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention "
-"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were "
-"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and "
-"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at "
-"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous "
-"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was "
-"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to "
-"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the "
-"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, "
-"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only "
-"receiving bits and pieces of information."
+"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. "
+"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of "
+"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring "
+"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports "
+"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the "
+"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. "
+"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya "
+"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They "
+"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and "
+"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss "
+"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on "
+"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and "
+"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and "
+"pieces of information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to "
-"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating "
-"high-quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research "
-"drives everything we do.”"
+"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-"
+"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives "
+"everything we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate "
"volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language "
"and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three "
-"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master "
-"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate "
-"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original "
-"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version "
-"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this "
-"cycle eleven times."
+"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. "
+"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version "
+"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. "
+"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets "
+"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle "
+"eleven times."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
"use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including "
"teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in "
"working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help "
-"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of "
-"life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors "
-"to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The "
-"inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by "
-"people who are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, "
-"rather than ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to "
-"require zero training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, "
-"we found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, "
-"even if they have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials "
-"where you can push play and they will work.”"
+"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. "
+"Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to "
+"help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, "
+"but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who "
+"are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than "
+"ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero "
+"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we "
+"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they "
+"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can "
+"push play and they will work.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
-"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and "
-"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
+"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-"
+"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
"model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the "
"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators "
"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
-"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya "
-"said. “We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
-"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to "
-"sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new "
-"eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising "
-"channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which "
-"is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, "
-"the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can "
-"benefit a brand for many years to come."
+"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
+"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
+"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. "
+"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs "
+"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. "
+"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often "
+"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the "
+"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit "
+"a brand for many years to come."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044
msgid ""
-"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
-"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
-"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they "
-"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale "
-"their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game "
-"changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
+"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
+"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
+"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create "
+"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their "
+"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer "
+"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
-"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold "
-"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license "
-"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or "
-"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights "
-"holder was not readily available."
+"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. "
+"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly "
+"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in "
+"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not "
+"readily available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
-"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, "
-"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show "
-"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They "
-"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) "
-"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
+"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-"
+"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without "
+"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their "
+"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the "
+"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and "
"remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons "
"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
-"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC "
-"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
+"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-"
+"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
-"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific "
-"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
-"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
+"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. "
+"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire "
+"at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187
msgid ""
-"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
-"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
-"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, "
-"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become "
-"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
+"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
+"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
+"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create "
+"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more "
+"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually "
"involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member "
"engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening "
-"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that "
-"need."
+"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of "
-"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for "
-"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see "
-"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the "
-"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a "
-"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in "
-"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
+"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. "
+"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little "
+"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a "
+"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by "
+"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with "
+"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise "
"believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They "
"can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who "
-"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in "
-"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for "
-"music, a model that’s based on trust."
+"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. "
+"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, "
+"a model that’s based on trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
-"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
-"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of "
-"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people "
-"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
+"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
+"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the "
+"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to "
+"reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
-"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
-"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
+"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
+"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two "
-"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it "
-"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its "
-"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about "
-"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every "
-"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, "
-"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a "
-"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a "
-"particular organization."
+"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. "
+"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. "
+"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five "
+"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. "
+"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including "
+"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular "
+"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular "
+"organization."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by "
"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their "
"systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule "
-"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their "
-"system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to "
-"resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject "
-"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
+"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. "
+"The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve "
+"disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, "
+"talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
"Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community "
"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, "
"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together "
"in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a "
"million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes "
-"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single "
-"explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible "
-"diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of "
-"the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error "
-"in articles more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of "
-"Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to "
-"contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate "
-"financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
+"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. "
+"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of "
+"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English "
+"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles "
+"more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users "
+"are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to "
+"Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” "
+"Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United "
"States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the "
"reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is "
-"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give "
-"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
+"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. "
+"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
-"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
-"www.benkler.org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC "
-"BY-NC-SA)."
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
+"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
-"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
-"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. "
-"www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC "
-"BY-SA)."
+"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
+"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
+"models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
-"Collaborative, 2016. "
-"thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/."
+"Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-"
+"paradigm/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
-"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
-"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
+"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
+"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
-"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
-"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop "
-"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
+"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
+"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in "
+"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more "
"information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, "
-"2014). "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf."
+"2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
+"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
+"urban-commons1.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
-"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. "
-"hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
+"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
+"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
-"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
-"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
+"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
+"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
-"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a "
-"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
+"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
+"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
-"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
-"2009. ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
+"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
+"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
-"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
+"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
+"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
-"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
+"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
-"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
-"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
+"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
+"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
-"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
-"2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
+"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
+"www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at "
-"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
+"com/books/business-model-generation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
-"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, "
-"2014. pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed "
-"under CC BY-SA)."
+"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro."
+"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-"
+"SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
-"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. "
-"www.academia.edu/27143172/The\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader "
-"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
+"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
-"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” "
-"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/."
+"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/"
+"cathedral-bazaar/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
-msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
+msgid ""
+"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
-"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
-"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
+"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
+"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
-"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. "
-"society30.com/get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
+"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
-"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
-"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
+"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
-"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
-"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
+"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
+"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
-"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter "
-"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable "
-"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
+"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
+"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. "
+"Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David "
"Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah "
"Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek "
-"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane "
-"K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La "
-"Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, "
-"Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, "
-"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique "
-"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, "
-"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. "
-"Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C "
-"Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo "
-"Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, "
-"Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie "
-"Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli "
-"Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique "
-"Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric "
-"Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, "
-"Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan "
-"Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan "
-"Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton "
-"Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix "
-"Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe "
-"Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, "
-"Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot "
-"Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois "
-"Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, "
-"Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel "
-"Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, "
-"Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de "
+"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. "
+"Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, "
+"Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, Dirk "
+"Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom "
+"Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, "
+"Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, "
+"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew "
+"Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon "
+"Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo "
+"Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar "
+"Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth "
+"Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy "
+"Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric "
+"Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric "
+"Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, "
+"Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin "
+"Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne "
+"Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix "
+"Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix "
+"Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, "
+"Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent "
+"Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, "
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+"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell "
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+"Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk "
+"Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee "
+"Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan "
+"Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele "
+"Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas "
+"Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick "
+"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky "
+"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek "
+"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, "
+"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah "
+"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, "
+"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar "
+"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López "
+"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, "
+"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat "
+"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, "
+"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick "
+"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik "
+"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, "
+"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul "
+"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström "
+"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry "
+"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, "
+"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter "
+"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr "
+"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip "
+"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, "
+"Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, "
+"Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, "
+"Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, "
+"Rafael Scapin, Rafaela Kunz, Rain Doggerel, Raine Lourie, Rajiv Jhangiani, "
+"Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël "
+"Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, "
+"Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich "
+"McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard "
+"Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, "
+"Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, "
+"Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob "
+"Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, "
+"Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, "
+"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-"
+"Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, "
+"Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, "
+"Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, "
+"Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den "
+"Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross "
+"Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi "
+"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann "
+"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, "
+"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon "
+"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, "
+"Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel "
+"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra "
+"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay "
+"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, "
+"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah "
+"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott "
+"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott "
+"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean "
+"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian "
+"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, "
+"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio "
+"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon "
+"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby "
+"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, "
+"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, "
+"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, "
+"Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan "
+"Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane "
+"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, "
+"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, "
+"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, "
+"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, "
+"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, "
+"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie "
+"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia "
+"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya "
+"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner "
+"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry "
+"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, "
+"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, "
+"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas "
+"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim "
+"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy "
+"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, "
+"Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom "
+"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom "
+"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, "
+"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey "
+"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey "
+"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo "
+"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika "
+"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria "
+"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S."
+"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia "
+"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, "
+"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William "
"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, "
"William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang "
"Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, "
"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, "
"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
+#~ msgstr "Gemacht mit Creative Commons"
+
+#~ msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey und Sarah Hichliff Pearson"
+
+#~ msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
+#~ msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-13 12:28-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:32+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-10-25 19:48+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Gunnar Wolf <gwolf@gwolf.org>\n"
-"Language-Team: Spanish "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/es/>\n"
+"Language-Team: Spanish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
+"translation/es/>\n"
"Language: es\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"X-Poedit-Bookmarks: -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,46\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Hecho con Creative Commons"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr "Paul Stacey y Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+msgstr "por Paul Stacey y Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5
msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
msgstr "Hecho con Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7
msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "por Paul Stacey y Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9
msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
msgstr "© 2017, Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12
msgid ""
"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
"SA), version 4.0."
"BY-SA), versión 4.0."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14
msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16
msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
msgstr "Portada y diseño de interiores por Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18
msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
msgstr "Edición de contenido por Grace Yaginuma"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20
msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
msgstr "Ilustraciones por Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22
msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
msgstr "Libro descargable disponible en madewith.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24
msgid "Publisher:"
msgstr "Editor:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26
msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
msgstr "Libros Ctrl+Alt+Delete"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28
msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30
msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
msgstr "2200 Copenhagen N"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32
msgid "Denmark"
msgstr "Dinamarca"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34
msgid "www.cadb.dk"
msgstr "www.cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36
msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
msgstr "hey@cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38
msgid "Printer:"
msgstr "Impresión:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40
msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42
msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44
msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46
msgid "Poland"
msgstr "Polonia"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
"licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58
msgid ""
"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
"plataforma Kickstarter.com."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
-"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
-"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
-"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
-"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
-"lives.”"
+"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that "
+"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays "
+"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also "
+"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length "
+"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our "
+"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*"
msgstr ""
"“No se mucho de periodismo no ficticio... La forma en que pienso acerca de "
"estas cosas, en términos de lo que puedo hacer es que... Ensayos como este "
"lo que tenemos la oportunidad de hacer en nuestras vidas diarias.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
-msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
-msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71
msgid "## Foreword"
msgstr "## Prefacio"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
"humo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
"dinero es un medio para un fin social, no el fin mismo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
"lotería.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
"pursuing their passions and living their values."
msgstr ""
"Hoy en día, los derechos de autor son como un boleto de lotería — todos "
-"tienen uno, y casi nadie gana. Lo que no dicen es que, para quien elige compartir "
-"su trabajo, los rendimientos pueden ser significativos y duraderos. Este "
-"libro está lleno de historias de quienes toman riesgos mucho mayores que los "
-"dos dólares que pagamos por un boleto de lotería, y sin embargo cosechan las "
-"recompensas que surgen de perseguir sus pasiones y vivir según sus valores."
+"tienen uno, y casi nadie gana. Lo que no dicen es que, para quien elige "
+"compartir su trabajo, los rendimientos pueden ser significativos y "
+"duraderos. Este libro está lleno de historias de quienes toman riesgos mucho "
+"mayores que los dos dólares que pagamos por un boleto de lotería, y sin "
+"embargo cosechan las recompensas que surgen de perseguir sus pasiones y "
+"vivir según sus valores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and "
"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”"
msgstr ""
-"Así que no es acerca del dinero. Pero, al mismo tiempo, sí lo es. Encontrar los medios "
-"para continuar creando y compartiendo frecuentemente requiere de algunos "
-"ingresos. Max Temkin, de _Cards Against Humanity_, lo explica muy bien en su "
-"estudio de caso: ”No hacemos chistes y juegos para hacer dinero — Hacemos "
-"dinero para poder seguir haciendo más chistes y juegos.”"
+"Así que no es acerca del dinero. Pero, al mismo tiempo, sí lo es. Encontrar "
+"los medios para continuar creando y compartiendo frecuentemente requiere de "
+"algunos ingresos. Max Temkin, de _Cards Against Humanity_, lo explica muy "
+"bien en su estudio de caso: ”No hacemos chistes y juegos para hacer dinero — "
+"Hacemos dinero para poder seguir haciendo más chistes y juegos.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
"escribir _Hecho con Creative Commons_."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
"innovación dominen a la inequidad y escasez que hoy en día definen a lo peor "
"del capitalismo. A él lo impulsa la fuerza que tienen las conexiones humanas "
"entre las comunidad de creadores. Es más observador que la mayoría, y esto "
-"ha hecho de él un mejor educador, un investigador perspicaz, y también un hábil "
-"jardinero. Tiene una voz fresca y calma que transmite la pasión que inspira "
-"a sus colegas y a su comunidad."
+"ha hecho de él un mejor educador, un investigador perspicaz, y también un "
+"hábil jardinero. Tiene una voz fresca y calma que transmite la pasión que "
+"inspira a sus colegas y a su comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
"debatir de mi equipo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
"honesto y útil."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
"modelo de negocios abierto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
"El resto fue provisto por los generosos donantes y colaboradores de CC. A "
"fin de cuentas, resultó uno de los proyectos de libro más exitosos de "
"Kickstarter, rompiendo dos objetivos extendidos, e involucrando a más de "
-"1,600 donantes — para la mayoría de ellos, su primera contribución a Creative "
-"Commons."
+"1,600 donantes — para la mayoría de ellos, su primera contribución a "
+"Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
"requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made "
"Made with Creative Commons a better project."
msgstr ""
-"Paul y Sarah trabajaron de forma abierta durante todo el proyecto, publicando "
-"sus planes, borradores, estudios de caso y análisis, temprano y "
+"Paul y Sarah trabajaron de forma abierta durante todo el proyecto, "
+"publicando sus planes, borradores, estudios de caso y análisis, temprano y "
"frecuentemente, e involucraron a comunidades en todo el mundo para ayudar a "
"escribir este libro. Conforme sus opiniones divergían y sus intereses se "
"fueron definiendo más claramente, dividieron sus voces y decidieron "
"que _Hecho con Creative Commons_ resultara un mejor proyecto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166
msgid ""
"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
"es un gran regalo. Lo que reciben a cambio es gratitud, y una comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
"público global."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
"simplemente una colección de personas de ideas afines que se conocen y se "
"reúnen alrededor de intereses o creencias comunes. Hasta cierto grado, "
"simplemente ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_ automáticamente trae consigo un "
-"cierto elemento de comunidad, ayudando a conectar con terceros como uno mismo que "
-"reconocen y son atraídos por los valores simbolizados por usar CC.” Amanda "
-"Palmer, la otra música perfilada en el libro, seguramente agregaría esto de "
-"su estudio de caso: ”No hay un objetivo más satisfactorio que el que alguien "
-"te diga que lo que haces genuinamente les resulta valioso.”"
+"cierto elemento de comunidad, ayudando a conectar con terceros como uno "
+"mismo que reconocen y son atraídos por los valores simbolizados por usar "
+"CC.” Amanda Palmer, la otra música perfilada en el libro, seguramente "
+"agregaría esto de su estudio de caso: ”No hay un objetivo más satisfactorio "
+"que el que alguien te diga que lo que haces genuinamente les resulta "
+"valioso.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
"docenas de dosis de inspiración pura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202
msgid ""
"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
"van conociendo, de quienes se van haciendo amigos.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
"Nightingale, miembro del consejo de CC, ”todo está hecho de gente.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-"Ese es el verdadero valor de las cosas que están _Hechas con Creative Commons_."
+"Ese es el verdadero valor de las cosas que están _Hechas con Creative "
+"Commons_."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216
msgid "## Introduction"
msgstr "## Introducción"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
"negocios — Pero con un giro adicional."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
"modelo de negocios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
"Gracias a la generosa contribución de nuestros patrocinadores del "
"Kickstarter, iniciamos este proyecto identificando y seleccionando un grupo "
"diverso de creadores, organizaciones y negocios que utilizan Creative "
-"Commons de forma integral — Lo que llamamos ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_. "
-"Los entrevistamos y escribimos sus historias.Analizamos lo que escuchamos y "
-"profundizamos en la literatura."
+"Commons de forma integral — Lo que llamamos ser _Hecho con Creative "
+"Commons_. Los entrevistamos y escribimos sus historias.Analizamos lo que "
+"escuchamos y profundizamos en la literatura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
"escuchábamos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
"growth but to sustain the operation."
msgstr ""
"Aquellos a quienes entrevistábamos no eran los típicos negocios vendiendo a "
-"los consumidores y buscando maximizar sus ingresos y rentabilidad. En vez "
-"de ello, estaban compartiendo para hacer del mundo un mejor lugar, creando "
+"los consumidores y buscando maximizar sus ingresos y rentabilidad. En vez de "
+"ello, estaban compartiendo para hacer del mundo un mejor lugar, creando "
"relaciones y una comunidad alrededor de los trabajos que compartían, y "
"generando ganancias, no buscando un crecimiento ilimitado, sino que para "
"sostener sus operaciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
"_Hecho con Creative Commons_ no es ”negocios como siempre.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
"who provided invaluable edits, feedback, and advice. Our thinking changed "
"dramatically over the course of a year and a half."
msgstr ""
-"Tuvimos que repensar la concepción de este proyecto, y no ocurrió de la noche "
-"a la mañana. Entre otoño de 2015 y 2016, documentamos nuestros pensamientos "
-"en publicaciones de blog en Medium y con actualizaciones de estado "
-"periódicas a nuestros patrocinadores de Kickstarter. Intercambiamos "
+"Tuvimos que repensar la concepción de este proyecto, y no ocurrió de la "
+"noche a la mañana. Entre otoño de 2015 y 2016, documentamos nuestros "
+"pensamientos en publicaciones de blog en Medium y con actualizaciones de "
+"estado periódicas a nuestros patrocinadores de Kickstarter. Intercambiamos "
"borradores de estudios de caso y análisis con nuestros co-creadores de "
"Kickstarter, quienes nos ayudaron con invaluables ediciones, "
"retroalimentación y consejos. Nuestra forma de cambiar cambió dramáticamente "
"en el transcurso de un año y medio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
"que convirtió al producto final en algo mucho más rico de lo que podría "
"serlo si uno de nosotros hubiera afrontado este proyecto en solitario. "
"Preservamos nuestras voces a lo largo del camino, con lo que se proyectan "
-"nuestros enfoques diferentes pero complementarios a lo largo de las diferentes "
-"secciones."
+"nuestros enfoques diferentes pero complementarios a lo largo de las "
+"diferentes secciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
"dos partes principales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
msgid ""
"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
"escala escrito por Paul. Presenta un contexto histórico para el procomún "
"digital, describiendo las tres maneras en que la sociedad ha administrado "
"los recursos y compartido la riqueza — El procomún, el mercado y el estado. "
-"Sugiere pensar más allá de términos de negocios y mercado, y "
-"elocuentemente defiende la importancia de compartir y enriquecer al procomún "
-"digital."
+"Sugiere pensar más allá de términos de negocios y mercado, y elocuentemente "
+"defiende la importancia de compartir y enriquecer al procomún digital."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
"La imagen general continúa con el capítulo de Sarah, quien considera qué "
-"significa ser exitosamente _Hecho con Creative Commons_. Si bien hacer dinero "
-"es parte del rompecabezas, también se considera el conjunto de valores del interés "
-"público y el tipo de conexiones humanas que dan verdadero significado al "
-"compartir. Esta sección delinea las maneras en que los creadores, "
-"organizaciones y negocios que entrevistamos obtienen sus ingresos, cómo "
-"impulsan el interés público y viven según sus valores, y cómo impulsan "
-"conexiones con la gente con quienes comparten."
+"significa ser exitosamente _Hecho con Creative Commons_. Si bien hacer "
+"dinero es parte del rompecabezas, también se considera el conjunto de "
+"valores del interés público y el tipo de conexiones humanas que dan "
+"verdadero significado al compartir. Esta sección delinea las maneras en que "
+"los creadores, organizaciones y negocios que entrevistamos obtienen sus "
+"ingresos, cómo impulsan el interés público y viven según sus valores, y cómo "
+"impulsan conexiones con la gente con quienes comparten."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
"son las únicas maneras de hacer dinero."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
"perfiles."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
"localize, and build upon this work."
msgstr ""
-"Claro, nos complace publicar el presente libro bajo un "
-"licenciamiento Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual. Por favor copia, "
-"distribuye, traduce, localiza y construye sobre de este trabajo."
+"Claro, nos complace publicar el presente libro bajo un licenciamiento "
+"Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual. Por favor copia, distribuye, "
+"traduce, localiza y construye sobre de este trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
msgstr ""
"Escribir este libro nos ha transformado e inspirado. La forma en que ahora "
"vemos y pensamos acerca de lo que significa ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_ "
-"ha cambiado irrevocablemente. Esperamos que este libro inspire a los lectores "
-"y a sus empresas a utilizar Creative Commons y, al hacerlo, "
+"ha cambiado irrevocablemente. Esperamos que este libro inspire a los "
+"lectores y a sus empresas a utilizar Creative Commons y, al hacerlo, "
"contribuya a transformar nuestra economía y al mundo para mejor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
msgstr "*Paul y Sarah*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr "# El panorama completo"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr "## El nuevo mundo del procomún digital"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr "Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
"Internet; otras son antiguas como la tierra y la caligrafía.»1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
"procomún atraviesa una amplia variedad de áreas, incluyendo patrimonio "
"cultural, educación, investigación, tecnología, arte, diseño, literatura, "
"entretenimiento, negocios y datos. Los trabajos producidos por personas en "
-"todas estas áreas son, cada vez más, digitales. La Internet es un tipo global "
-"de procomún digital. Los individuos, organizaciones y negocios que "
+"todas estas áreas son, cada vez más, digitales. La Internet es un tipo "
+"global de procomún digital. Los individuos, organizaciones y negocios que "
"perfilamos en nuestros casos de estudio usan Creative Commons para compartir "
"sus recursos en línea a través de la Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
msgstr ""
"Sin embargo, el procomún no es sólo acerca de recursos compartidos. También "
"es acerca de las prácticas sociales y valores que los dirigen. Un recurso es "
-"un sustantivo, pero _comunalizar_ —poner un recurso en el procomún— es un verbo.2 "
-"Las personas creadoras, organizaciones y negocios que perfilamos están todas "
-"comprometidas con comunalizar. Su uso de Creative Commons les involucra en la "
-"práctica social de la comunalización, gestionando recursos de una forma "
-"colectiva con una comunidad de usuarios.3 La liberación es guiada por un "
-"conjunto de valores y normas que balancean los costos y beneficios de la "
-"empresa con aquellos de la comunidad. Se le da especial atención al acceso "
-"equitativo, uso y sostenibilidad."
+"un sustantivo, pero _comunalizar_ —poner un recurso en el procomún— es un "
+"verbo.2 Las personas creadoras, organizaciones y negocios que perfilamos "
+"están todas comprometidas con comunalizar. Su uso de Creative Commons les "
+"involucra en la práctica social de la comunalización, gestionando recursos "
+"de una forma colectiva con una comunidad de usuarios.3 La liberación es "
+"guiada por un conjunto de valores y normas que balancean los costos y "
+"beneficios de la empresa con aquellos de la comunidad. Se le da especial "
+"atención al acceso equitativo, uso y sostenibilidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr "### El procomún, el mercado y el Estado"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
"today.4"
msgstr ""
"Históricamente, han habido tres formas de gestionar recursos y compartir "
-"riquezas: el procomún (gestionado de forma colectiva), el Estado (esto es, el "
-"gobierno) y el mercado—con los dos últimos siendo hoy las formas dominantes.4"
+"riquezas: el procomún (gestionado de forma colectiva), el Estado (esto es, "
+"el gobierno) y el mercado—con los dos últimos siendo hoy las formas "
+"dominantes.4"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
"commons with those of the market or state."
msgstr ""
"Las organizaciones y los negocios en nuestros casos de estudio son únicas en "
-"la forma en que participan en el procomún, al tiempo que se mantienen involucrados "
-"con el mercado y/o el Estado. El grado de involucramiento con el mercado o "
-"Estado varía. Algunas operan ante todo como procomún con mínima o ninguna "
-"dependencia del mercado o Estado.5 Otras son parte del mercado o Estado, y "
-"dependen de estos para su sotenibilidad financiera. Todas operan como "
-"híbridos, mezclando las normas del procomún con las del mercado o Estado."
+"la forma en que participan en el procomún, al tiempo que se mantienen "
+"involucrados con el mercado y/o el Estado. El grado de involucramiento con "
+"el mercado o Estado varía. Algunas operan ante todo como procomún con mínima "
+"o ninguna dependencia del mercado o Estado.5 Otras son parte del mercado o "
+"Estado, y dependen de estos para su sotenibilidad financiera. Todas operan "
+"como híbridos, mezclando las normas del procomún con las del mercado o "
+"Estado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
"variables de involucramiento con el procomún, el Estado y el mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
"de normas bajo las cuales operan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
"strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both."
msgstr ""
"Todos nuestros casos de estudio generan dinero como medio de subsistencia o "
-"sostenibilidad. El dinero pertenece, ante todo, al mercado. Encontrar formas de "
-"generar ingresos manteniéndose fiel a los valores fundamentales del procomún "
-"(por lo general expresados en la definición de su misión) es un reto. "
-"Gestionar la interacción y el involucramiento entre el procomún y el mercado "
-"requiere un toque ágil, un fuerte sentido de valores y la habilidad de "
-"mezclar lo mejor de ambos."
+"sostenibilidad. El dinero pertenece, ante todo, al mercado. Encontrar formas "
+"de generar ingresos manteniéndose fiel a los valores fundamentales del "
+"procomún (por lo general expresados en la definición de su misión) es un "
+"reto. Gestionar la interacción y el involucramiento entre el procomún y el "
+"mercado requiere un toque ágil, un fuerte sentido de valores y la habilidad "
+"de mezclar lo mejor de ambos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
"build the commons. Beyond money, laws and regulations regarding property, "
"copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons."
msgstr ""
-"El Estado juega un papel importante en la promoción del uso y la adopción del "
-"procomún. Los programas y financiamiento del Estado pueden contribuir y "
+"El Estado juega un papel importante en la promoción del uso y la adopción "
+"del procomún. Los programas y financiamiento del Estado pueden contribuir y "
"construir el procomún de forma deliberada. Más allá del dinero, pueden "
"diseñarse las leyes y regulaciones con respecto a propiedad, derechos de "
"autor, negocios y finanzas para promover el procomún."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
"Es útil entender cómo el procomún, el mercado y el Estado gestionan los "
"recursos de forma diferente, y no solo prara aquellos que se consideran ante "
"todo como un procomún. Para empresas u organizaciones gubernamentales que "
-"quieren involucrarse y aprovechar los bienes comunales, saber cómo éstos operan les "
-"ayudará a encontrar la mejor forma para hacerlo. Participar en el uso del "
-"procomún en la misma forma en la que lo harían en el mercado o Estado no "
-"resultaría una estrategia exitosa."
+"quieren involucrarse y aprovechar los bienes comunales, saber cómo éstos "
+"operan les ayudará a encontrar la mejor forma para hacerlo. Participar en el "
+"uso del procomún en la misma forma en la que lo harían en el mercado o "
+"Estado no resultaría una estrategia exitosa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr "### Los cuatro aspectos de un recurso"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
"aplicar al procomún, el mercado y el Estado para este capítulo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
"rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with "
"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)."
msgstr ""
-"Para comparar y contrastar las formas en las que los bienes comunales, el mercado y "
-"el Estado trabajan, consideremos cuatro aspectos de la gestión de recursos: "
-"características del recruso, las personas involucradas y los procesos que "
-"siguen, las normas y reglas que desarrollan para gobernar el uso, y finalmente "
-"el uso real del recurso junto con los resultados de ese uso (ver Fig. 2)."
+"Para comparar y contrastar las formas en las que los bienes comunales, el "
+"mercado y el Estado trabajan, consideremos cuatro aspectos de la gestión de "
+"recursos: características del recruso, las personas involucradas y los "
+"procesos que siguen, las normas y reglas que desarrollan para gobernar el "
+"uso, y finalmente el uso real del recurso junto con los resultados de ese "
+"uso (ver Fig. 2)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr "#### Características"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
msgstr ""
"Los recursos tienen características particulares o atributos que afectan la "
"forma en que pueden ser usados. Algunos recursos son naturales; otros son "
-"producidos por personas. Y —de forma significativa para el procomún de hoy—los "
-"recursos pueden ser físicos o digitales, lo que afecta el potencial "
+"producidos por personas. Y —de forma significativa para el procomún de hoy—"
+"los recursos pueden ser físicos o digitales, lo que afecta el potencial "
"inherente del recurso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
"resources in physical form. The costs of producing and distributing a "
"physical good usually require them to engage with the market."
msgstr ""
-"Los recursos físicos existen en cantidades limitadas. Si yo tengo un "
-"recurso físico y se lo doy a otra persona, yo ya no lo tengo más. Cuando un recurso "
+"Los recursos físicos existen en cantidades limitadas. Si yo tengo un recurso "
+"físico y se lo doy a otra persona, yo ya no lo tengo más. Cuando un recurso "
"se retira y se usa, la disponibilidad total se reduce o agota. La escasez "
"puede resultar en una rivalidad competitiva por el recurso. Las empresas "
-"_hechas con Creative Commons_ por lo general se basan en medios digitales, pero "
-"algunos de nuestros casos de estudio también producen recursos en forma "
+"_hechas con Creative Commons_ por lo general se basan en medios digitales, "
+"pero algunos de nuestros casos de estudio también producen recursos en forma "
"física. Los costos de producir y distribuir un bien físico por lo general "
"requieren que se involucren con el mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
"depleted, and at close to zero cost. Abundance rather than scarcity is an "
"inherent characteristic of digital resources."
msgstr ""
-"Los recursos físicos son agotables, exclusivos y rivales. Los "
-"recursos digitales, por otra parte, no son agotables, exclusivos ni rivales. "
-"Si yo comparto un recurso digital con alguna persona, ambos tenemos "
-"el recurso. Dárselo a alguien no significa que yo ya no lo tenga. Los "
-"recursos digitales pueden ser almacenados, copiados y distribuidos de forma "
-"infinita sin agotarse, y a un costo cercano a cero. La abundancia, y "
-"ya no de la escasez, es una característica inherente de los recursos "
-"digitales."
+"Los recursos físicos son agotables, exclusivos y rivales. Los recursos "
+"digitales, por otra parte, no son agotables, exclusivos ni rivales. Si yo "
+"comparto un recurso digital con alguna persona, ambos tenemos el recurso. "
+"Dárselo a alguien no significa que yo ya no lo tenga. Los recursos digitales "
+"pueden ser almacenados, copiados y distribuidos de forma infinita sin "
+"agotarse, y a un costo cercano a cero. La abundancia, y ya no de la escasez, "
+"es una característica inherente de los recursos digitales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
-"La naturaleza no agotable, no exclusiva y no rival "
-"de los recursos digitales significa que las reglas y normas para "
-"gestionarlos pueden (y deben) ser diferentes de cómo los recursos físicos "
-"se gestionan. Sin embargo, este no es siempre el caso. Los recursos "
-"digitales con frecuencia se hacen escasos de forma artificial. Poner "
-"recursos digitales en el procomún los hace libres y abundantes."
+"La naturaleza no agotable, no exclusiva y no rival de los recursos digitales "
+"significa que las reglas y normas para gestionarlos pueden (y deben) ser "
+"diferentes de cómo los recursos físicos se gestionan. Sin embargo, este no "
+"es siempre el caso. Los recursos digitales con frecuencia se hacen escasos "
+"de forma artificial. Poner recursos digitales en el procomún los hace libres "
+"y abundantes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
"un recurso digital en uno físico."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
"los cuales se extrae valor. El Estado ve a los recursos como bienes públicos "
"que brindan valor a los ciudadanos. El procomún ve a los recursos como "
"bienes comunes, que brindan riqueza común, extendiéndose más allá de las "
-"fronteras del Estado para ser pasadas a futuras generaciones de forma "
-"no disminuída y, en ocasiones, mejorada."
+"fronteras del Estado para ser pasadas a futuras generaciones de forma no "
+"disminuída y, en ocasiones, mejorada."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr "#### Personas y procesos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
"tienen voz, así como la forma en que un recurso se gestiona."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
"recursos con base en prioridades y procedimientos del gobierno."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
"de una transacción de efectivo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
"personal."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr "#### Normas y reglas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"define permissions, allocate entitlements, and resolve disputes."
msgstr ""
"Las interacciones sociales entre personas, y los procesos empleados por el "
-"Estado, el mercado y los bienes comunales, evolucionan en normas sociales y reglas. "
-"Estas normas y reglas definen permisos, asignan derechos y resuelven "
+"Estado, el mercado y los bienes comunales, evolucionan en normas sociales y "
+"reglas. Estas normas y reglas definen permisos, asignan derechos y resuelven "
"disputas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
"reglas que pasa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
"defined by the state."
msgstr ""
"Las normas del mercado reciben influencia de la economía y la competencia "
-"por recursos escasos. Las reglas del mercado siguen a la propiedad, negocios y "
-"leyes financieras definidas por el Estado."
+"por recursos escasos. Las reglas del mercado siguen a la propiedad, negocios "
+"y leyes financieras definidas por el Estado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9"
msgstr ""
"Como con el mercado, los bienes comunales pueden recibir influencia de "
-"políticas de Estado, regulaciones y leyes. Pero las normas y reglas "
-"de un bien comunal son en buena medida "
-"definidas por la comunidad. Ellas ponderan costos y beneficios "
-"individuales contra los costos y beneficios de la comunidad entera. No solo "
-"entra en juego la eficiencia económica sino que también a la "
-"equidad y sostenibilidad.9"
+"políticas de Estado, regulaciones y leyes. Pero las normas y reglas de un "
+"bien comunal son en buena medida definidas por la comunidad. Ellas ponderan "
+"costos y beneficios individuales contra los costos y beneficios de la "
+"comunidad entera. No solo entra en juego la eficiencia económica sino que "
+"también a la equidad y sostenibilidad.9"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr "#### Objetivos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
"el procomún."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
"objetivos del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
"reflejan en mediciones de calidad de vida."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
"and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being "
"used in innovative ways for personal and social good."
msgstr ""
-"Por lo que respecta a los bienes comunales, el objetivo es maximizar acceso, equidad, distribución, "
-"participación, innovación y sostenibilidad. Se puede medir el éxito "
-"observando cuántas personas accesan y usan un recurso; cómo es la distribución "
-"de usuarios a través de género, ingresos, y ubicación; si una comunidad se "
-"está formando para extender y mejorar los recursos; y si los recursos están "
-"siendo usados de formas innovadoras para beneficio personal y social."
+"Por lo que respecta a los bienes comunales, el objetivo es maximizar acceso, "
+"equidad, distribución, participación, innovación y sostenibilidad. Se puede "
+"medir el éxito observando cuántas personas accesan y usan un recurso; cómo "
+"es la distribución de usuarios a través de género, ingresos, y ubicación; si "
+"una comunidad se está formando para extender y mejorar los recursos; y si "
+"los recursos están siendo usados de formas innovadoras para beneficio "
+"personal y social."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
"diferentes aspectos de la gestión de recursos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr "### Una corta historia del procomún"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
"Usar al procomún para gestionar recursos es parte de un largo contínuo "
"histórico. Sin embargo, en la sociedad contemporánea, el mercado y el Estado "
"dominan el discurso de cuál es la mejor manera de gestionar los recursos. Es "
-"raro que el procomún siquiera se considere como una opción. El procomún "
-"ha desaparecido de la conciencia y consideración en gran parte. No hay reportes "
+"raro que el procomún siquiera se considere como una opción. El procomún ha "
+"desaparecido de la conciencia y consideración en gran parte. No hay reportes "
"noticiosos o discursos acerca del procomún."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
"Pero los más de 1,100 millones de recursos licenciados con Creative Commons "
"alrededor del mundo son indicadores de un movimiento de las bases hacia el "
"procomún. El procomún está haciendo un resurgimiento. Para entender la "
-"resiliencia del procomún y comprender su actual renovación, es útil saber algo de su "
-"historia."
+"resiliencia del procomún y comprender su actual renovación, es útil saber "
+"algo de su historia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
"mercado, ni economía global. El estado en la forma de soberanos influenciaba "
"el procomún pero de ninguna forma lo controlaba. La participación social "
"directa en el procomún era la forma principal con la cuál se gestionaban los "
-"recursos y se satisfacían las necesidades. (La Fig. 4 ilustra el procomún con "
-"relación a el Estado y el mercado.)"
+"recursos y se satisfacían las necesidades. (La Fig. 4 ilustra el procomún "
+"con relación a el Estado y el mercado.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
"A esto le sigue una larga historia del Estado (un monarca o soberano) "
"tomando control sobre el procomún para sus propios propósitos. A esto se le "
-"llama _cercamiento del procomún_.12 Antíguamente, las masas eran "
-"desalojadas de la tierra, se levantaban vallas y cercas, se aprobaban leyes y "
-"se vigilba el espacio para prohibir el acceso.13 De forma gradual, los "
-"recursos se volvieron propiedad del estado y el estado se volvió la forma "
-"principal mediante la cual los recursos se gestionaban. (Ver Fig. 5)."
+"llama _cercamiento del procomún_.12 Antíguamente, las masas eran desalojadas "
+"de la tierra, se levantaban vallas y cercas, se aprobaban leyes y se vigilba "
+"el espacio para prohibir el acceso.13 De forma gradual, los recursos se "
+"volvieron propiedad del estado y el estado se volvió la forma principal "
+"mediante la cual los recursos se gestionaban. (Ver Fig. 5)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
"ciudades. Con el surgimiento de la revolución industrial, la tierra y los "
"recursos se volvieron bienes que se vendían a negocios para soportar la "
"producción. Las monarquías evolucionaron a parlamentos elegidos. Las masas "
-"se volvieron trabajadores ganando dinero a cambio de la operación de maquinaria industrial. "
-"Leyes financieras, de negocios y de propiedad fueron revisadas por los "
-"gobiernos para apoyar a mercados, crecimiento y productividad. La Fig. 6 "
-"muestra cómo hoy el mercado es el medio principal por el cuál los recursos "
-"son gestionados."
+"se volvieron trabajadores ganando dinero a cambio de la operación de "
+"maquinaria industrial. Leyes financieras, de negocios y de propiedad fueron "
+"revisadas por los gobiernos para apoyar a mercados, crecimiento y "
+"productividad. La Fig. 6 muestra cómo hoy el mercado es el medio principal "
+"por el cuál los recursos son gestionados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
"la sobreexplotación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
"La sobreexplotación fue el tema de el influyente ensayo de Garret Hardin, "
-"«La tragedia de los comunes,» publicado en la revista Science en 1968. Hardin argumenta "
-"que en un procomún todos buscan maximizar la ganancia personal y continuar "
-"haciéndolo incluso cuando se alcanzan los limites del bien comunal. Éste "
-"es entonces trágicamente agotado al punto en el que ya no puede "
-"soportar a nadie. El ensayo de Hardin se volvió aceptado de forma extensa "
-"como cierto y una justificación para la propiedad privada y los libre "
-"mercados."
+"«La tragedia de los comunes,» publicado en la revista Science en 1968. "
+"Hardin argumenta que en un procomún todos buscan maximizar la ganancia "
+"personal y continuar haciéndolo incluso cuando se alcanzan los limites del "
+"bien comunal. Éste es entonces trágicamente agotado al punto en el que ya no "
+"puede soportar a nadie. El ensayo de Hardin se volvió aceptado de forma "
+"extensa como cierto y una justificación para la propiedad privada y los "
+"libre mercados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
msgstr ""
"Sin embargo, hay una seria falla en «La tragedia de los comunes» de Hardin—"
"es ficticia. Hardin en realidad no estudió cómo funcionan los bienes "
-"comunales reales. "
-"Elinor Ostrom ganó el Premio Nobel de economía de 2009 por estudiar "
-"diferentes procomunes alrededor del mundo. El trabajo de Ostrom mostró que "
-"los recursos naturales del procomún pueden ser gestionados de forma exitosa "
-"por comunidades locales sin ninguna regulación por parte de autoridades centrales "
-"y sin privatización. El gobierno y la privatización no son las únicas dos "
-"opciones. Hay una tercera forma: gestión por las personas, donde aquellas "
-"que son impactadas de forma directa están involucradas de forma directa. Con "
-"recursos naturales, hay una localidad regional. Las personas en la región "
-"están más familiarizadas con el recurso natural, tienen la relación más "
-"directa e historia compartida, y por lo tanto son las mejor situadas para "
-"gestionarlos. El enfoque de Ostrom hacia la gobernanza de los recursos "
-"naturales rompió con la convención; ella reconoció la importancia del "
-"procomún como una alternativa al mercado o Estado para solucionar problemas "
-"de acción colectiva.14"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
+"comunales reales. Elinor Ostrom ganó el Premio Nobel de economía de 2009 por "
+"estudiar diferentes procomunes alrededor del mundo. El trabajo de Ostrom "
+"mostró que los recursos naturales del procomún pueden ser gestionados de "
+"forma exitosa por comunidades locales sin ninguna regulación por parte de "
+"autoridades centrales y sin privatización. El gobierno y la privatización no "
+"son las únicas dos opciones. Hay una tercera forma: gestión por las "
+"personas, donde aquellas que son impactadas de forma directa están "
+"involucradas de forma directa. Con recursos naturales, hay una localidad "
+"regional. Las personas en la región están más familiarizadas con el recurso "
+"natural, tienen la relación más directa e historia compartida, y por lo "
+"tanto son las mejor situadas para gestionarlos. El enfoque de Ostrom hacia "
+"la gobernanza de los recursos naturales rompió con la convención; ella "
+"reconoció la importancia del procomún como una alternativa al mercado o "
+"Estado para solucionar problemas de acción colectiva.14"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
"while Hardin’s essay is called The Tragedy of the Commons it might more "
"accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market."
msgstr ""
-"Hardin omitió considerar la dinámica social actual del procomún. Su "
-"modeló asumió que la gente en el procomún actúa de forma autónoma, por puro "
+"Hardin omitió considerar la dinámica social actual del procomún. Su modeló "
+"asumió que la gente en el procomún actúa de forma autónoma, por puro "
"egoísmo, sin interacción o consideración de otros. Pero como Ostrom "
-"encontró, en realidad, gestionar recursos del procomún en conjunto _forma_ una "
-"comunidad y fomenta la discusión. Esto naturalmente genera normas y reglas "
-"que ayudan a las personas a trabajar de forma colectiva y asegurar un "
+"encontró, en realidad, gestionar recursos del procomún en conjunto _forma_ "
+"una comunidad y fomenta la discusión. Esto naturalmente genera normas y "
+"reglas que ayudan a las personas a trabajar de forma colectiva y asegurar un "
"procomún sostenible. De forma paradójica, mientras el ensayo de Hardi se "
"llamó La tragedia de los comunes, este pudo haberse titulado de forma más "
"precisa La tragedia del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
"escasez. Muy poco se sabe acerca de cómo funciona la abundancia.15 El "
"surgimiento de información tecnológica y la Internet ha llevado a una "
"explosión en recursos digitales y a nuevos medios para compartir y "
-"distribuir. Los recursos digitales no se pueden agotar jamás. Sin embargo, la "
-"ausencia de un modelo teórico de cómo funciona la abundancia ha llevado al "
-"mercado a hacer que los recursos digitales sean artificialmente escasos y "
+"distribuir. Los recursos digitales no se pueden agotar jamás. Sin embargo, "
+"la ausencia de un modelo teórico de cómo funciona la abundancia ha llevado "
+"al mercado a hacer que los recursos digitales sean artificialmente escasos y "
"que sea posible aplicar las normas y reglas usuales del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
"ellos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr "### La revolución digital"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
"this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:"
msgstr ""
"En los primeros días de la computación, programadores y desarrolladores "
-"aprendieron unos de otros compartiendo programas. En los años "
-"1980, el movimiento de software libre codificó esta práctica de compartir en "
-"un conjunto de principios y libertades:"
+"aprendieron unos de otros compartiendo programas. En los años 1980, el "
+"movimiento de software libre codificó esta práctica de compartir en un "
+"conjunto de principios y libertades:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"La libertad de ejecutar un programa de software de la forma en que desee, "
"para cualquier propósito."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
"realice el cómputo como lo requiera cada quién."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr "La libertad de redistribuir copias."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
"La libertad de distribuir a otras personas copias de versiones modificadas.16"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
"tipifican un procomún digital."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
"a proprietary lock on core Internet protocols."
msgstr ""
"A finales de los años 1990, para hacer del acto de compartir código fuente y "
-"de la colaboración más algo atractivo para las compañías, la "
-"iniciativa de programas de código abierto (_Open Source Initiative_) "
-"convirtió estos principios en licencias y estándares para "
-"gestionar el acceso y la distribución de programas. Los beneficios del "
-"código abierto —tales como confiabilidad, escalabilidad y calidad verificada "
-"por revisión de pares independientes— se volvieron ampliamente reconocidos y "
-"aceptados. A los clientes les gustaba la forma en que el código abierto les "
-"daba el control sin quedarse encerrados en tecnología privativa y cerrada. "
-"Los programas de código abierto y libre también generaron un efecto de red "
-"en donde el valor de un producto o servicio incrementa con el número de "
-"personas usándolo.17 El crecimiento dramático de la misma Internet le debe "
-"mucho al hecho de que nadie tenía un candado propietario sobre los "
-"protocolos centrales de Internet."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
+"de la colaboración más algo atractivo para las compañías, la iniciativa de "
+"programas de código abierto (_Open Source Initiative_) convirtió estos "
+"principios en licencias y estándares para gestionar el acceso y la "
+"distribución de programas. Los beneficios del código abierto —tales como "
+"confiabilidad, escalabilidad y calidad verificada por revisión de pares "
+"independientes— se volvieron ampliamente reconocidos y aceptados. A los "
+"clientes les gustaba la forma en que el código abierto les daba el control "
+"sin quedarse encerrados en tecnología privativa y cerrada. Los programas de "
+"código abierto y libre también generaron un efecto de red en donde el valor "
+"de un producto o servicio incrementa con el número de personas usándolo.17 "
+"El crecimiento dramático de la misma Internet le debe mucho al hecho de que "
+"nadie tenía un candado propietario sobre los protocolos centrales de "
+"Internet."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
"models can provide examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with "
"Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-"Al tiempo que los programas de código abierto funcionan como un procomún, muchos "
-"negocios y mercados se construyeron a su alrededor. Los modelos de negocio "
-"basados en licencias y estándares de programas de código abierto "
+"Al tiempo que los programas de código abierto funcionan como un procomún, "
+"muchos negocios y mercados se construyeron a su alrededor. Los modelos de "
+"negocio basados en licencias y estándares de programas de código abierto "
"evolucionaron junto con organizaciones que gestionaron el código de "
"programas bajo principios de abundancia en lugar de escasez. El ensayo de "
"Eric Raymond «El caldero mágico» hace un gran trabajo al analizar la "
"para aquellos _Hechos con Creative Commons_."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"accesarlo y usarlo sin el permiso del creador."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
"importa. Compartir nos hace sentir más involucrados con el mundo.19"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr "### El nacimiento de Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
"trabajo creativo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
msgstr ""
"Las licencias Creative Commons tienen un diseño de tres capas. Las normas y "
"reglas de cada licencia primero son expresadas en un lenguaje legal pleno "
-"como el que utilizan los abogados. Esta capa se llama el código legal. "
-"Pero como la mayoría de personas creadoras y usuarias no son abogados, esta "
-"licencia también tiene un título del procomún, que expresa los permisos "
-"en lenguaje simple que personas regulares pueden leer y entender "
-"rápidamente. Este actúa como una interfaz amistosa para el usuario de la "
-"capa del código legal subyacente. La tercera capa es una intelegible "
-"por computadoras, que facilita que la Web sepa que un trabajo está "
-"licenciado bajo Creative Commons al expresar permisos en una forma que "
-"sistemas de software, motores de búsqueda y otros tipos de tecnología puedan "
-"entender.20 Tomadas en conjunto, estas tres capas aseguran que creadores, "
-"usuarios e incluso la Web misma entiendan las normas y reglas asociadas con "
-"contenidos digitales que forman parte del procomún."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
+"como el que utilizan los abogados. Esta capa se llama el código legal. Pero "
+"como la mayoría de personas creadoras y usuarias no son abogados, esta "
+"licencia también tiene un título del procomún, que expresa los permisos en "
+"lenguaje simple que personas regulares pueden leer y entender rápidamente. "
+"Este actúa como una interfaz amistosa para el usuario de la capa del código "
+"legal subyacente. La tercera capa es una intelegible por computadoras, que "
+"facilita que la Web sepa que un trabajo está licenciado bajo Creative "
+"Commons al expresar permisos en una forma que sistemas de software, motores "
+"de búsqueda y otros tipos de tecnología puedan entender.20 Tomadas en "
+"conjunto, estas tres capas aseguran que creadores, usuarios e incluso la Web "
+"misma entiendan las normas y reglas asociadas con contenidos digitales que "
+"forman parte del procomún."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
"En 2015, había más de mil millones de trabajos licenciados bajo Creative "
"Commons en un procomún global. Estos trabajos fueron vistos en lína 136 mil "
"millones de veces. Las personas están usando licencias Creative Commons "
-"alrededor del mundo, en treinta y cuatro idiomas. Estos recursos "
-"incluyen fotos, trabajos artísticos, artículos de investigación en revistas, "
-"recursos educativos, música y otros tipos de audio y vídeos."
+"alrededor del mundo, en treinta y cuatro idiomas. Estos recursos incluyen "
+"fotos, trabajos artísticos, artículos de investigación en revistas, recursos "
+"educativos, música y otros tipos de audio y vídeos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
"editores. Millones de sitios web usan licencias CC, incluyendo importantes "
"plataformas como Wikipedia y Flickr, y otras más pequeñas como blogs.21 Las "
"personas usuarias de Creative Commons son diversas y abarcan muchos sectores "
-"diferentes. (Nuestros casos de estudio fueron escogidos buscando reflejar esa "
-"diversidad.)"
+"diferentes. (Nuestros casos de estudio fueron escogidos buscando reflejar "
+"esa diversidad.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"estimulada por el movimiento de cultura libre, un movimiento social que "
"promueve la libertad de distribuir y modificar trabajos creativos. El "
"movimiento de cultura libre ve un procomún como algo que brinda beneficios "
-"significativos comparado con las leyes de derechos de autor. Este _ethos_ del "
-"intercambio libre en un procomún alínea al movimiento de cultura libre con "
-"el movimiento del software libre y de código abierto."
+"significativos comparado con las leyes de derechos de autor. Este _ethos_ "
+"del intercambio libre en un procomún alínea al movimiento de cultura libre "
+"con el movimiento del software libre y de código abierto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
"de forma libre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
"them."
msgstr ""
"El Estado está involucrándose cada vez más en apoyar los movimientos "
-"abiertos. La Asociación de Gobierno Abierto (_Open Government "
-"Partnership_) fue lanzada en 2011 para brindar "
-"una plataforma internacional para que los gobiernos se vuelvan más abiertos, "
-"que rindan mejor cuentas y den una respuesta más oportuna a sus "
-"ciudadanos. Desde entonces ha crecido de ocho países participantes a "
-"setenta. 22 En todos estos países, el gobierno y la sociedad civil están "
-"trabajando juntos para desarrollar e implementar reformas ambiciosas de "
-"gobierno abierto. Los gobiernos están adoptando Creative Commons cada vez "
-"más para asegurar que los trabajos financiados con dinero de los "
-"contribuyentes sean abiertos y libres para el público que pagó por ellos."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
+"abiertos. La Asociación de Gobierno Abierto (_Open Government Partnership_) "
+"fue lanzada en 2011 para brindar una plataforma internacional para que los "
+"gobiernos se vuelvan más abiertos, que rindan mejor cuentas y den una "
+"respuesta más oportuna a sus ciudadanos. Desde entonces ha crecido de ocho "
+"países participantes a setenta. 22 En todos estos países, el gobierno y la "
+"sociedad civil están trabajando juntos para desarrollar e implementar "
+"reformas ambiciosas de gobierno abierto. Los gobiernos están adoptando "
+"Creative Commons cada vez más para asegurar que los trabajos financiados con "
+"dinero de los contribuyentes sean abiertos y libres para el público que pagó "
+"por ellos."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr "### El mercado cambiante"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
"extracción, privatización y el crecimiento corporativo. Una percepción de "
"que el mercado es más eficiente que el Estado ha llevado a la continua "
"privatización de muchos recursos naturales, utilidades, servicios e "
-"infraestructura pública.23 Mientras este sistema ha sido altamente "
-"eficiente para generar consumismo y un crecimiento en el producto interno "
-"bruto, el impacto en el bienestar humano ha sido mixto. Contrarrestando los "
-"crecientes estándares de vida y las mejoras en salud y educación, están las "
-"siempre crecientes desigualdad social, pobreza, deterioro de nuestro "
-"ambiente natural, y los rompimientos de la democracia.24"
+"infraestructura pública.23 Mientras este sistema ha sido altamente eficiente "
+"para generar consumismo y un crecimiento en el producto interno bruto, el "
+"impacto en el bienestar humano ha sido mixto. Contrarrestando los crecientes "
+"estándares de vida y las mejoras en salud y educación, están las siempre "
+"crecientes desigualdad social, pobreza, deterioro de nuestro ambiente "
+"natural, y los rompimientos de la democracia.24"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
"el mercado, el Estado y la comunidad.25"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
"movilidad, la cohesión social y la seguridad.27"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
"plazo, y Uber brindando una plataforma para viajes compartidos. Sin embargo, "
"Airbnb y Uber aún operan mayoritariamente bajo las normas y reglas usuales "
"del mercado, haciéndolas menos como un procomún y más como un negocio "
-"tradicional que busca ganancias financieras. En buena medida, la economía compartida "
-"no se trata del procomún o sobre construir una alternativa a la economía de "
-"mercado dirigida por corporaciones, sino que de extender el libre mercado "
-"desregulado hacia nuevas áreas de nuestras vidas.28 Aunque ninguna de las "
-"personas que entrevistamos en nuestros casos de estudio se describirían a "
-"ellas mismas como parte de una economía compartida, de hecho hay algunos "
-"paralelismos importantes. Tanto la economía compartida como en el procomún "
-"hacen un mejor uso de la capacidad de activos. La economía compartida ve a "
-"las residencias peronales y autos como algo que tiene una capacidad latente "
-"sobrante con valor para alquiler. El acceso equitativo del procomún amplía y "
-"diversifica el número de personas que pueden usar y derivar valor de un "
-"activo."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
+"tradicional que busca ganancias financieras. En buena medida, la economía "
+"compartida no se trata del procomún o sobre construir una alternativa a la "
+"economía de mercado dirigida por corporaciones, sino que de extender el "
+"libre mercado desregulado hacia nuevas áreas de nuestras vidas.28 Aunque "
+"ninguna de las personas que entrevistamos en nuestros casos de estudio se "
+"describirían a ellas mismas como parte de una economía compartida, de hecho "
+"hay algunos paralelismos importantes. Tanto la economía compartida como en "
+"el procomún hacen un mejor uso de la capacidad de activos. La economía "
+"compartida ve a las residencias peronales y autos como algo que tiene una "
+"capacidad latente sobrante con valor para alquiler. El acceso equitativo del "
+"procomún amplía y diversifica el número de personas que pueden usar y "
+"derivar valor de un activo."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"procesamiento computacional, almacenamiento y ancho de banda están "
"incrementando de forma acelerada, pero en lugar de que los costos suban, "
"éstos están bajando. Las tecnologías digitales se están volviendo más "
-"rápidas, mejores y más baratas. Los costos de cualquier cosa que se construya "
-"sobre estas tecnologías siempre van a bajar hasta que se acerquen a "
-"cero.29"
+"rápidas, mejores y más baratas. Los costos de cualquier cosa que se "
+"construya sobre estas tecnologías siempre van a bajar hasta que se acerquen "
+"a cero.29"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
-"Los que están _Hechos con Creative Commons_ están buscando apalancarse con las "
-"características inherentes únicas de los recursos digitales, incluyendo la "
-"reducción de costos. El uso de tecnologías de gestión de derechos digitales "
-"en forma de bloqueos, contraseñas y controles que previenen que los bienes "
-"digitales sean accesados, cambiados, replicados y distribuidos es mínimo o "
-"inexistente. En su lugar, las licencias de Creative Commons son usadas para "
-"llevar contenidos digitales al procomún, tomando ventaja de las "
+"Los que están _Hechos con Creative Commons_ están buscando apalancarse con "
+"las características inherentes únicas de los recursos digitales, incluyendo "
+"la reducción de costos. El uso de tecnologías de gestión de derechos "
+"digitales en forma de bloqueos, contraseñas y controles que previenen que "
+"los bienes digitales sean accesados, cambiados, replicados y distribuidos es "
+"mínimo o inexistente. En su lugar, las licencias de Creative Commons son "
+"usadas para llevar contenidos digitales al procomún, tomando ventaja de las "
"características económicas únicas derivadas del ser digital. El propósito es "
"ver que los recursos digitales sean usados tan ampliamente y por tantas "
"personas como sea posible. Maximizar el acceso y la participación son "
"objetivos comunes. El propósito es la abundancia sobre la escasez."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
"en este nuevo paisaje, ideando sus propios modelos y prácticas económicas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
"opera el mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
msgstr ""
"Para una corporación ordinaria, crear beneficio social como parte de sus "
-"operaciones es difícil, al tiempo que es un requisito legal tomar decisiones que "
-"beneficien financieramente a sus accionistas. Pero están emergiendo "
-"nuevas formas de negocios. Existen las corporaciones de beneficencia "
-"y las empresas sociales, "
-"que amplían sus objetivos de negocios de generar ingresos a hacer un impacto "
-"positivo en la sociedad, trabajadores, la comunidad y el ambiente.31 Los "
-"negocios que son propiedad de la comunidad, propiedad de trabajadores, "
-"cooperativas, gremios, y otras formas organizacionales ofrecen alternativas "
-"a la corporación tradicional. De forma colectiva, estas entidades "
-"alternativas de mercado están cambiando las reglas y normas del mercado.32"
+"operaciones es difícil, al tiempo que es un requisito legal tomar decisiones "
+"que beneficien financieramente a sus accionistas. Pero están emergiendo "
+"nuevas formas de negocios. Existen las corporaciones de beneficencia y las "
+"empresas sociales, que amplían sus objetivos de negocios de generar ingresos "
+"a hacer un impacto positivo en la sociedad, trabajadores, la comunidad y el "
+"ambiente.31 Los negocios que son propiedad de la comunidad, propiedad de "
+"trabajadores, cooperativas, gremios, y otras formas organizacionales ofrecen "
+"alternativas a la corporación tradicional. De forma colectiva, estas "
+"entidades alternativas de mercado están cambiando las reglas y normas del "
+"mercado.32"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five "
"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33"
msgstr ""
-"«Un libro acerca de modelos abiertos de negocio» es lo que describimos en "
-"la campaña de Kickstarter para este libro. Utilizamos un manual llamado "
+"«Un libro acerca de modelos abiertos de negocio» es lo que describimos en la "
+"campaña de Kickstarter para este libro. Utilizamos un manual llamado "
"_Generación de Modelos de Negocio_ como nuestra referencia para definir "
-"precisamente qué es un modelo de negocios. Desarrollado a lo largo de nueve años "
-"usando un «proceso abierto» que invlucró 470 coautores de cuarenta y cinco "
-"países, es un marco de referencia útil acerca de los modelos de negocios.33"
+"precisamente qué es un modelo de negocios. Desarrollado a lo largo de nueve "
+"años usando un «proceso abierto» que invlucró 470 coautores de cuarenta y "
+"cinco países, es un marco de referencia útil acerca de los modelos de "
+"negocios.33"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
"Contiene un «lienzo de modelo de negocios,» que concibe un modelo de "
"negocios como algo que tiene nueve bloques de construcción.34 Este lienzo en "
"blanco puede servir como una herramienta para que cualquier persona diseñe "
-"su propio modelo de negocios. Nosotros lo remezclamos en un lienzo de "
-"modelo de negocios abierto, agregando tres bloques "
-"de construcción más, relevantes para empresas del procomún en el mercado "
-"híbrido: Bien social, licencia Creative Commons, y «tipo de ambiente abierto "
-"en el que el negocio encaja.»35 Este lienzo mejorado demostró ser útil cuando "
-"analizamos los negocios y ayudamos a las empresas de nueva creación a "
-"planear su modelo económico."
+"su propio modelo de negocios. Nosotros lo remezclamos en un lienzo de modelo "
+"de negocios abierto, agregando tres bloques de construcción más, relevantes "
+"para empresas del procomún en el mercado híbrido: Bien social, licencia "
+"Creative Commons, y «tipo de ambiente abierto en el que el negocio "
+"encaja.»35 Este lienzo mejorado demostró ser útil cuando analizamos los "
+"negocios y ayudamos a las empresas de nueva creación a planear su modelo "
+"económico."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
"En nuestras entrevistas a los casos de estudio, muchas personas expresaron "
-"incomodidad al describirse a sí mismas como un modelo de negocios abierto —el "
-"término _modelo de negocios_ sugería estar principalmente situadas en el "
+"incomodidad al describirse a sí mismas como un modelo de negocios abierto —"
+"el término _modelo de negocios_ sugería estar principalmente situadas en el "
"mercado. En dónde cada quién se siente en el espectro que va entre el "
-"procomún y el mercado afecta hasta dónde se ve a sí mismo en el mercado. Entre "
-"más central para la misión sean los valores de recursos compartidos y el "
-"procomún, menos comodidad habrá al autodescribirse, o describir lo "
-"que hace, como un negocio. No todas las personas que tienen esfuerzos _Hechos "
-"con Creative Commons_ usan un lenguaje de negocios; para algunas el proceso ha "
-"sido experimental, emergente y orgánico, en lugar de ser planeado "
+"procomún y el mercado afecta hasta dónde se ve a sí mismo en el mercado. "
+"Entre más central para la misión sean los valores de recursos compartidos y "
+"el procomún, menos comodidad habrá al autodescribirse, o describir lo que "
+"hace, como un negocio. No todas las personas que tienen esfuerzos _Hechos "
+"con Creative Commons_ usan un lenguaje de negocios; para algunas el proceso "
+"ha sido experimental, emergente y orgánico, en lugar de ser planeado "
"cuidadosamente usando un modelo predefinido."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
"paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
-"Los creadores, negocios y organizaciones que perfilamos, "
-"participan en el mercado para generar ingresos de alguna forma. Las "
-"formas en las que esto se hace varían enormemente. Donaciones, pague lo que "
-"guste, membresías, «digital gratuito pero físico por un precio,» "
-"financiamiento colectivo, emparejamiento, servicios de valor agregado, "
-"mecenas… la lista sigue y sigue. (Una descripción inicial de cómo ganar "
-"ingresos está disponible a través de una nota de referencia. Para las ideas "
-"más recientes, sugerimos referirse a _Cómo atraer dinero_ en la "
-"siguiente sección).36 No hay una única fórmula mágica, y cada "
-"esfuerzo ha ideado mecanismos que les funcionan. Muchos utilizan más "
-"de uno de dichos mecanismos. Diversificar los flujos de ingresos "
-"reduce el riesgo y ofrece múltiples caminos hacia la sostenibilidad."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
+"Los creadores, negocios y organizaciones que perfilamos, participan en el "
+"mercado para generar ingresos de alguna forma. Las formas en las que esto se "
+"hace varían enormemente. Donaciones, pague lo que guste, membresías, "
+"«digital gratuito pero físico por un precio,» financiamiento colectivo, "
+"emparejamiento, servicios de valor agregado, mecenas… la lista sigue y "
+"sigue. (Una descripción inicial de cómo ganar ingresos está disponible a "
+"través de una nota de referencia. Para las ideas más recientes, sugerimos "
+"referirse a _Cómo atraer dinero_ en la siguiente sección).36 No hay una "
+"única fórmula mágica, y cada esfuerzo ha ideado mecanismos que les "
+"funcionan. Muchos utilizan más de uno de dichos mecanismos. Diversificar los "
+"flujos de ingresos reduce el riesgo y ofrece múltiples caminos hacia la "
+"sostenibilidad."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr "### Beneficios del procomún digital"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
"involucrarse con el procomún. El procomún digital ofrece muchos beneficios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
"distribución descentralizada amplifica el suministro y la experiencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
"justicia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
"que benefician a la sociedad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
"y supervisar los recursos y la relación con la comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
"local como globalmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
"al público y contribuye al valor del procomún en su totalidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
"unifica a las personas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
"opción favorecida."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr "### Nuestros casos de estudio"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
"final."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
"sostenible es la empresa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
"físicos. Otros nacen digitales pero pueden convertirse en recursos físicos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
"monetarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
"Construir e interactuar en esta comunidad global conduce al éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"procomún."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
"posible."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
"ideas de cómo trabaja."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr "### Notas"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr "Ibid., 15."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr "Ibid., 145."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr "Ibid., 175."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr "## Hecho con Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"público no solo accessarlo, sino también hacer uso de este."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
"generación de ingresos, definiciones de éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
"entrevistas e investigaciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"Creative Commons usando solo una perspectiva de negocio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
"cualquier cosa que uno quiera que signifique.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
"estudio), lo descartamos como nuestro rubro guía para el libro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
"de seguir leyendo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
"En cada entrevista, empezamos con las mismas preguntas simples. En medio de "
"toda la diversidad entre todas las personas creadoras, organizaciones y "
-"negocios que perfilamos, había una constante. Ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_ "
-"puede ser bueno para el negocio, pero esa no es la razón por la que lo "
-"hacen. Compartir trabajo con Creative Commons es, en esencia, una decisión "
-"moral. Los beneficios comerciales y otros beneficios individuales son "
-"secundarios. La mayoría decidieron usar licencias CC primero, y encontraron "
-"un modelo de ingresos luego. Esta fue nuestra primer pista de que escribir "
-"un libro únicamente sobre el impacto de compartir en los negocios podría "
-"estar un poco desviado."
+"negocios que perfilamos, había una constante. Ser _Hecho con Creative "
+"Commons_ puede ser bueno para el negocio, pero esa no es la razón por la que "
+"lo hacen. Compartir trabajo con Creative Commons es, en esencia, una "
+"decisión moral. Los beneficios comerciales y otros beneficios individuales "
+"son secundarios. La mayoría decidieron usar licencias CC primero, y "
+"encontraron un modelo de ingresos luego. Esta fue nuestra primer pista de "
+"que escribir un libro únicamente sobre el impacto de compartir en los "
+"negocios podría estar un poco desviado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
"simbolismo detrás de usar CC, y ese simbolismo tiene muchas capas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
"compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
"conexión."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
"del éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
"significado personal.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
"licencia Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
"contenido es el resultado de una labor de amor o una herramienta para "
"impulsar el cambio social, y el dinero es como la gasolina para el carro, "
"algo que se necesita para seguir andando, pero no un fin en sí mismo. Ser "
-"_Hecho con Creative Commons_ es una visión diferente de un negocio o sustento, "
-"donde la ganancia no es suprema, y producir bien social y conexiones humanas "
-"es integral para el éxito."
+"_Hecho con Creative Commons_ es una visión diferente de un negocio o "
+"sustento, donde la ganancia no es suprema, y producir bien social y "
+"conexiones humanas es integral para el éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
"suficiente dinero para mantener las luces encendidas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
"antepasados por una fracción del precio.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
"la persona creadora se le pague o no, porque es un trabajo por amor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
"como realizar giras y entrenamiento personalizado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
"financieras de los esfuerzos creativos pueden ser mucho más modestas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
"mantener la operación funcionando día a día.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
"operar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
"ayuda a resolver el «problema cero.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr "### Problema Cero: ser descubierto"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
"físico no tuvo.»7 Ya no estamos limitados a lo que apela a las masas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
"tiene que llamar la atención de las personas correctas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
"que copien su trabajo y que lo compartan con otros es contraproducente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
"artístico.»12"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
"generado una inmensa cantidad de buena voluntad dentro de la comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
"criminalizados.»13"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
"creativo no tiene impacto en la capacidad de nadie más para usarlo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
"todas las oportunidades que el compartir desbloqueó para ellos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
"licencias CC demuestra que usted entiende la Internet.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
"hubieran podido hacer de otra manera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
"beneficio. Aquí hay unas cuantas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr "#### Usar CC para generar una audiencia más grande"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
"«©» significa), ¿cuál cree que sea más probable que las personas compartan?"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
"alcanzar tantas personas lectoras como sea posible."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
"prolifere."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
"por lo menos un indicador parcial de calidad o utilidad.18"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr "#### Usar CC para obtener atribución y reconocimiento de nombre"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
"justicia, como dar crédito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"citando su trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
"una parte especial del producto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
"confiable de información es más valioso que nunca."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
"#### Utilizar el contenido licenciado con CC como una herramienta "
"publicitaria"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
"llevar a la gente al otro producto o servicio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"de promoción."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
"libros de texto de OpenStax)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
"#### Utilizar CC para que otros se comprometan con tu trabajo y participen "
"activamente"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
"para la participación pública en el trabajo creativo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"la fotografía, la posibilidad de adaptar una foto es menos importante."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
"consumiendo algo creado por otro.25"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
"se conecte más profundamente con tu trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr "#### Usar CC para diferenciarse"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
"reglas impuestas”, dijo David. “Cambia las reglas del juego.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr "### Hacer dinero"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
"partir de un sentido de reciprocidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
"organizar las interacciones y cuándo no.”29"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
"alto de abstracción."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr "#### Flujos de ingresos basados en el mercado"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
"añadido que uno le provee al producto.31"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
"contra de la fuerza de la gravedad.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
"\"33"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
"detras de _Hecho con Creative Commons_."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
"servicio asociado con un costo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr "Aquí hay algunas de la categorias superiores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
msgid ""
-"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
+"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *\\[MARKET-BASED"
"\\]*"
msgstr ""
-"#### Proveer servicio personalizado a los consumidores de tu trabajo *"
-"\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
+"#### Proveer servicio personalizado a los consumidores de tu trabajo *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
"personalizadas de Jonathan \"Una-canción-al-dia\" Mann."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
-msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Cobrando por la copia física *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
"otro principio de trabajo tradicional."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
-msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Cobrando por la versión en persona *\\[BASADA EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"capacitación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
-msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Vendiendo mercancia *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
"Esto puede ser un flujo de ganancias importante para galerias y museos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"servicios que tambien se pueden proveer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
-msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
"#### Cobrando a los anunciantes o promotores *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"particular, o de toda la empresa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
-msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr "#### Cobrando a los creadores de contenido *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr ""
+"#### Cobrando a los creadores de contenido *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
"contenido del website de The Conversation."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
-msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Cobrando una cuota por transacción *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
"uno de los diseños en su plataforma."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
-msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
"#### Proporcionando un servicio a sus creadores *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
"reusable y localizable."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
-msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Licenciando una marca registrada *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
"mientras se toma ventaja de la abundancia del contenido bajo CC."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr "#### Flujos de ingresos basados en la reciprocidad"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
"hecho dinero. No era simplemente acerca de monetizar la escasez."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
"valor dado y recibido sean estrictamente iguales.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
"evolucionar.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
"valor.41"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
"#### Membresías y donaciones individuales *\\[BASADAS EN LA RECIPROCIDAD\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
"estratega triunfe."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### El modelo paga lo que quieres *\\[BASADO EN LA RECIPROCIDAD\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
"donde podríamos encontrar la manera de obtenerlas gratuitamente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Financiamiento Comunitario *\\[BASADO EN LA RECIPROCIDAD\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"duda alguna: por supuesto.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
"comunidad bibliotecaria y con la idea de acceso abierto general."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr "#### Creando Conexiones Humanas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
"tradicional. Pero parece ser parte de tejido de _Hecho con Creative Commons_."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
"creativas con las personas que valoran lo que ellos hacen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
"Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
"wrong on so many counts."
msgstr ""
"Vine a la investigación con las nociones preconcebidas acerca de lo que es "
-"Creative Commons y que significa ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_. Resulto que "
-"yo estaba mal en muchos aspectos."
+"Creative Commons y que significa ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_. Resulto "
+"que yo estaba mal en muchos aspectos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
-"Obviamente, ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_ significa usar licencias Creative "
-"Commons. Eso era lo que yo sabía. Pero en nuestras entrevistas, las personas "
-"hablaron de mucho más que sólo permisos de copyright cuando explicaban como "
-"cmopartir encajaba en lo que ellos hacen. Yo estaba pensando acerca de "
-"compartir muy estrechamente, y como resultado, estaba perdiendo una gran "
-"parte del significado contenido dentro de las Creative Commons. En vez de "
-"analizar críticamente el rol estrecho y específico de la licencia de "
+"Obviamente, ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_ significa usar licencias "
+"Creative Commons. Eso era lo que yo sabía. Pero en nuestras entrevistas, las "
+"personas hablaron de mucho más que sólo permisos de copyright cuando "
+"explicaban como cmopartir encajaba en lo que ellos hacen. Yo estaba pensando "
+"acerca de compartir muy estrechamente, y como resultado, estaba perdiendo "
+"una gran parte del significado contenido dentro de las Creative Commons. En "
+"vez de analizar críticamente el rol estrecho y específico de la licencia de "
"copyright en la ecuación, es importante no separar el resto de lo que "
"acompaña a compartir. Tienes que ampliar la óptica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
"conexiones contigo, con tú trabajoj, con tús valores, con todos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
"con todos. Para recordarnos como es realmente el compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr "#### Ser humano"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
"estamos tratando con otro ser humano."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
"que te valoran a tí.\"43"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
"menos no de una manera significativa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"representación. No puedes simular ser humano."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr "#### Sé abierto y responsable"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
"de estar preparado para defenderlo cuando la gente es crítica.46"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
"gente se involucre y se interese en lo que hace."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr "#### Diseñar para los buenos actores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
"con Creative Commons están diseñados para los buenos actores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
"inspiren y acentuen nuestros instintos sociales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
"hacen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr "#### Trata a los seres humanos como, bueno, humanos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
"público, haciendo un punto al escuchar tanto como habla. 54"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
"con los usuarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
"dinámica dramáticamente.56"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr "#### Establece tus principios y apégate a ellos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
"parte de alguna empresa . Regularmente ambas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
"comunidad OER (recursos abiertos educativos) en la que ellos operan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
"confianza."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr "#### Construye una comunidad"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
"y son atraídos para los valores que se simbolizan en el uso de CC."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
"organizaciones abiertas.\"60"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
"desunión."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
"lo que se trata compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr "#### Da más a los comunes de lo que te llevas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
"es compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
"trabajo en la plataforma de una manera efectiva."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
"cuando el valor que ellos añaden sobrepasa el valor que tú añadiste."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr "#### Involucra a la gente en lo que haces"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
"sin un compromiso de tiempo demasiado pesado.68"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
"diferencia.69"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
"recibir aportes era en la escritura, en la música misma\".71"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
"colaboración florece.73"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
"participantes activos.75"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
"disponible en: strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr "Ibid., 55."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
"Hyperion, 2010), 224."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
"2012), 64."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
" Collaborative Consumption (Nueva York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr "## Las Licencias Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
"patentes o marcas registradas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr "A continuación se presentan las seis licencias:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
"de materiales licenciados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
"derivada también permitirá el uso con fines comerciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
"modificaciones y te den crédito como autor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
"creador, no tienen la obligación de licenciarlos bajo estos mismos términos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
"creaciones bajo los mismos términos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
"posibilidad de modificarla de ninguna manera o utilizarla comercialmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
"cuyos plazos de derechos de autor han expirado:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
"al dominio público en todo el mundo (”ningún derecho reservado”)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
"derecho autoral."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
"digital, amplifican su involucramiento y compromiso de compartir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"largometraje, o evitar que otra compañía venda copias físicas del mismo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"distribuidora descubra su trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
"médicos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
"entre distintos dominios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
msgid "Note"
msgstr "Notas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
"Your Work” en"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr "# Los estudios de caso"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
"por nosotros."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
"en buena medida la manera en que nos fue contado por quienes entrevistamos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr "## Arduino"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
"hardware y software con fines de lucro. Fundada en Italia en 2005."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr "www.arduino.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
"por aquellos que quieren vender productos Arduino utilizando su nombre)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 4 de febrero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistados: David Cuartielles y Tom Igoe, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr "Perfil escrito por Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
"software bajo la Licencia Pública General (GPL) de GNU."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
"hacer artes visuales)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
"lo que pensamos siquiera en construir.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
"de Tom, ”abrir las fuentes facilita confiar en un producto.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
"se invirtieron en sostener y mejorar a Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
"cliente lo hace a uno más confiado y convincente al vender el producto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
"vendido a un precio razonable, la gente lo comprará."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
"accesible, útil tanto para novatos como para expertos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
"altos para sostener el negocio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
"compartir las cosas bajo un modelo abierto únicamente le ayudará.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
"asegurar que la mueva versión es igualmente libre y abierta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
"incorpora en sus nuevos productos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
"tarjeta para darle mayor funcionalidad), y kits.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"problemas de la gente. La comunidad creció orgánicamente desde ese punto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
"no sufre por copias de mala calidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
"generación de ganancias para Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
"herramienta crítica para Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"oficiales y aquellas que son clones, derivados, compatibles, y falsificados.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
"cosas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
"alfabetización que todos debieran aprender.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
"precios, y bueno para la manufactura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241
msgid "Web links"
msgstr "Vínculos Web"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr "## Ártica"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
"colaboración en las artes y la cultura. Fundada en 2011 en Uruguay."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr "www.articaonline.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cobrar por servicios personalizados"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 9 de marzo, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistados: Mariana Fossatti y Jorge Gemetto, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Perfil escrito por Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
"que ellos construyeron por sí mismos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr "El trabajo de sus sueños no existía, así que lo crearon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
"crean proyectos artísticos y culturales en la Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
"intermediarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
"personalizados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
"especializados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
"individuales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
"les lleva a algo nuevo, cada nuevo recurso que crean abre nuevas puertas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
"un acuerdo justo y ético.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
"oportunidades para su negocio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
"complejo en el futuro, como un curso o un libro.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
"importante como el producto final."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
"importante son las relaciones.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
"compartir sus conocimientos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
"cultura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
"eficiente y sostenible, y por esto, es un éxito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
"hacerlo de forma sostenible y colaborativa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
"cómo se ve.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr "## Blender Institute"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
"utilizando el software Blender. Fundado en 2006 en los Países Bajos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr "www.blender.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
"copias físicas, venta de mercancía"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 8 de marzo, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Francesco Siddi, coordinador de producción"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
"Blender y a su comunidad de maneras concretas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
"en conjunto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
"contenido empleando tus propias herramientas, no estás haciendo nada.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
"bajo la Licencia Pública General GNU."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
"comunidad de desarrolladores para que el proyecto pudiera vivir.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
"administrar al desarrollo y mantenimiento de software."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
"programa Blender."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"creerlo.'”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
"sus caracteres animados fueron recogidos por vendedores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
"limitantes presupuestales.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
"comprende el beneficio de estos proyectos,” dice Francesco."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
"entonces termina. Eso es un problema.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
"otros materiales utilizados en varios proyectos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
"nuesra libertad,” nos dice, ”y para los artistas, la libertad lo es todo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
"productos Blender."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
"abierto. Vender una licencia nunca fue parte de su modelo de negocios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
"presupuesto reproducir lo que hiciste”, dijo Ton."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr "Para Ton y Blender, a fin de cuentas todo se trata de hacer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr "## Cards Against Humanity"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
"Estados Unidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: Cobrar por copias físicas"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 3 de febrero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Max Temkin, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
"del que ganamos”."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
"lograr un juego hilarante y divertido."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
"oficiales, así como ediciones internacionales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
"contar las descargas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
"juego es todo un nuevo juego por sí solo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
"una base de seguidores masiva."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
"obtuvieron \\$15,000. El juego salió oficialmente a mercado en mayo de 2011."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
"decidieran hacer de éste un negocio continuado. ”Simplemente ocurrió,” dice."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
"preguntas frecuentes de su sitio Web ”Tus tontas preguntas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
"su Venta de Todo Cuesta \\$5 Más."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
"hicimos. La gente aceptó perfectamente el chiste.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
"hacemos.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
"haciéndolo exitoso. Obtuvieron \\$70,000 en un sólo día."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
"veces, porque los beneficios son muchísimos.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
"del juego creadas por los seguidores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
"en la comercialización.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"habido un puñado de casos en los que involucraron a un abogado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
"cantidad de trabajo y de atención a las sutilezas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
"publicado, una vez que la gente crea sus propias adaptaciones del juego."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
"más chistes y juegos,” dice."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
"juego hacia ellas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
"obtener más dinero de los clientes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
"quién es usted, y por qué está haciendo las cosas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr "## The Conversation (La conversación)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
"través de Internet. Fundado en el 2011 en Australia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr "theconversation.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
"escritores), donaciones"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Andrew Jaspan, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"realizó un compromiso de regresar con un modelo alternativo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
"sexy."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"público pero no tan bueno al exhibir su experiencia ante amplias audiencias."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"escribiendo lo que ellos quieran."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
"licenciado con Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
"fidedigna de información basada en evidencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
"republicarlo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
"que hace The Conversation."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
"través de ser un proveedor acreditado para el feed de Noticias de Google."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
"no recibe ningún anuncio y es una empresa sin ánimo de lucro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
"del mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
"y las características distintivas del servicio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
"editorial asesor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
"dónde se está republicando el artículo y el número de lecturas por artículo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
"consulta de una empresa sobre un tema."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
"y moestrar por qué son de valor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
"tiempo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409
msgid "Web link"
msgstr "Sitio web"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr "theconversation.com/us/charter"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr "## Cory Doctorow"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
"periodista. Vive en los Estados Unidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr "craphound.com y boingboing.net"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
"lo-que-quiera, vender derechos de traducción de los libros"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 12 de enero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
"hacer.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
"camino para que ellos lo compartieran."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"que los creadores pueden ganarse la vida en la era de Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
"modelos de pague-lo-que-quiera para su trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
"que hace que lo que hago le guste a la gente.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
"estaba escribiendo para mantenerme cuerdo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
"simboliza su visión de mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
"su trabajo. \"Empecé por no llamarlos ladrones\", dice."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
"y darles el libro de manera gratuita en un formato destinado a difundirlo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
"establecido."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
"lo hace\", dice."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
"que pueda obtener.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
"disponibles de manera gratuita."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
"posibilidad de obtener algo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
"te entrega la llave, ese candado no está puesto ahí para tu beneficio.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
"de tomar control sobre su trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
"experimento de pague-lo-que-quiera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
"trabajo.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
"las cosas y cómo llevarlas a la mente y a las manos de otras personas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr "Nunca ha sido más fácil pensar como un diente de león."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr "## Figshare"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
"videos. Fundado en el año 2011 en Gran Bretaña."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr "figshare.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
"Model de negocios: la plataforma le provee servicios pagos a los creadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 28 de enero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Mark Hahnel, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"forma tal que el modelo actual de publicación académica no permite."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
"tiempo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
"sería mejor para su carrera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
"cualquiera. Así que empezó a trabajar en una solución."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
"un período largo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
"de DOIs para datos de investigación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
"CC BY (Atribución) para figuras, videos y conjuntos de datos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
"ellos también lo utilizaran."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
"utilizadas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
"modelo de negocios del tipo freemium."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
"Nosotros simplemente nos aseguramos de que persista.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
"proveyera esa funcionalidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
"para los datos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
"negocios, agregando servicios para instituciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
"bibliotecarias y administradoras, tanto como investigadoras."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
"(Atribución-SinDerivados)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
"el ejemplo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
"instituciones la harán su licencia de elección."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
"persona espectadora puede alterar cambiando cualquiera de las variables.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"siendo usado por las principales instituciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
"y fuentes de noticias."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"permitiendo que las personas colaboren y hagan nuevos descubrimientos."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid ""
"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
"\\_universities/1186832"
"\\_universities/1186832"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid ""
"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr "figshare.com/features"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr "## Figure.NZ"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
"reusables y fáciles de entender. Fundada en 2012 en Nueva Zelanda."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr "figure.nz"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
"creadores, donaciones, patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 3 de mayo, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistada: Lillian Grace, fundadora"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
"Zelanda."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
"información e investigación por los cuales usualmente tiene que pagar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
"aquellos que quisieran abrir su información y presentarla visualmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
"tanto den créditos a la fuente original y a Figure.NZ"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
"Creative Commons, lo cual queda muy bien con la decisión de Figure.NZ"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
"Figure.NZ. Las personas los ven como un luchador y fuente confiable."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
"cualquier organización se diferencien, se comercialicen y se creen una marca."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
"obtener valor de la información y los visuales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
"los usuarios, para verdaderamente democratizar la información."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
"nunca se había hecho antes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
"sin tener que saber que preguntas realizar.3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
"patrocinadores no dirigen qué datos están incluidos o excluidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
"de impuestos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
"construyendo relaciones externas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
"experiencias intuitivas, no manuales de usuarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"accede, e interpreta los datos de los tópicos en los que están interesados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
"otros, ya fuera en nombre de un país o de empresas. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
"informadas.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
"aún.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
"analizar y pensar con números. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
"gráficos, mapas y datos.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
"futuro. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
"que el efecto red sea posible."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid ""
"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr "figure.nz/business/"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr "figure.nz/patrons/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr "## Knowledge Unlatched"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
"acceso abierto. Fundada en 2012 en el Reino Unido."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr "knowledgeunlatched.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: financiamiento comunitario (especializado)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 26 de febrero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Frances Pinter, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
"2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
"entre los usuarios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
"impresos. La ventas subieron, no bajaron."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"para el formato impreso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
"del helado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"modelo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
"RU para las empresas sociales sin ánimo de lucro) en 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Acedemic Publishing:"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
"generación sólo a través de Knowledge Unlatched."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
"colecciones (como lo hacen con los proveedores de bibliotecas ahora)."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
"que serán comprados y los precios establecidos."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
"mínimo de bibliotecas para cubrir la Cuota por Título."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
"bibliotecas."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
"por Título e incentivan las membresías.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
"bajo hasta cuarenta y tres dolares."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
"autores el continuar obteniendo regalías en la ventas de las copias físicas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
"la orden y el precio por libro baja para cada biblioteca."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
"finalmente, desbloquearlos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
"ciclos de presupuestos, y las juntas del directorio de las bibliotecas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
"bibliotecarios, que ha involucrado a más bibliotecas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
"comenzará a hacer revistas especializadas de acceso libre también."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
"estandar cerrado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
"tomó únicamente un mes reunir veintiseis."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
"parte de ello.)5"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
"hacen, lo compran de manera separada de la versión digital."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
"bibliotecas participantes, sino al mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
"descargados cerca de ochenta mil veces en 175 países."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
"Unlatched para monografías es un ganar-ganar-ganar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
"y libros antiguos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
"al pasado pero moviendose al futuro, una evolución en vez de una revolución."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr "www.oapen.org"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr "www.hathitrust.org"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr "## Lumen Learning"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
"los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr "lumenlearning.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por servicios personalizados, subsidios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 21 de diciembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistado: David Wiley y Kim Thanos, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
"cuando deciden crear Lumen Learning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
"usualmente no hay mucha flexibilidad para hacerlo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
"sustentabilidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
"reorientación por otros."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"—"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
"remplazar libros de texto costosos en cursos de gran matrícula con OER;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
"sistema de gestión de aprendizaje de la institución;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
"de aprobación, persistencia, y finalización de curso; y"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
"la investigación del éxito de los estudiantes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
"siguiendo los terminos de las licencias Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
"dolares por estudiante suscrito para la institución."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"matriculado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
"costosos con OER."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"abierto, ha generado un inmenso bienestar en la comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
"aprendizaje, que las facultades revisan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
"da una licencia Attribution (CC BY)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
"mezclan diferentes OER juntos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
"se muestren al final de cada página."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
"equipo de ventas de Lumen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"a los que tendrían impacto en el mayor número de estudiantes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
"que logren las metas de la institución, mientras Lumen se conserva prospera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
"la comunidad abierta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
"sea justa o que den de regreso algo que sea generoso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
"evolución y la mejora de los OER que estén usando."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
"sostenible y se esfuerza por un balance correcto de todos estos factores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
"que sea entendible y repetible."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
"el futuro, su estrategia es reemplazar el financiamiento con ingresos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
"que sostienes, y no alejarse de eso. Ciertamente es acerca de la confianza."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr "## Jonathan Mann"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
"como el tipo de “Song A Day”. Vive en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr "jonathanmann.net y jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
"persona (compromisos y presentaciones musicales)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 22 de febrero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
"[1] en México lo más parecido sería “milusos”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
"[2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAFU"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
"“una-canción-al-dia.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
"más de mirar videos enlinea que simplemente escuchar archivos de audio."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"la canción por él."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
"laburo"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
"este libro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
"pudiera ser compartido.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
"principio del tiempo. Nuestro yo-yo, mio-mio cultural ha socavado eso.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
"hago nada de eso,” comentó Jonathan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
"personalizadas a sus clientes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
"conceptos técnicos en algo entendible."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
"perderme en el proceso. ”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
"mismo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
"propio estilo único en vez de imitar a otros."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
"encarnación viviente de estos principios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
"la canción de mañana puede que sea mejor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
"que nunca se siente verdaderamente exitoso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
"entonces mucho de lo que los impulsa se iría.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr "## Noun Project"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
"2010 en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr "thenounproject.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ingresos: cargos de couta por transacción, cargos por servicios "
"personalizados"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 6 de octubre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Edward Boatman, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
"las fronteras, lenguajes, y culturas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
"en el planeta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
"similarers."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
"voluntarios alrededor del mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
"de que su idea tenía el potencial para ser algo más grande."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
"duros. Es fácil convencerlos de compartirlos finalmente con el mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
"diseñadores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
"construir un modelo de negocios alrededor del contenido libre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
"créditos, pueden usar la CC0 para poner el trabajo en el dominio público."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
"ideas.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
"muy exitante para muchos diseñadores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
"creadores, y bueno para la plataforma."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
"versión API Pro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"diseñador y 30 porciento para Noun Project."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
"proporcionando más servicios al usuario."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
"acerca de eso porque construir confianza es la principal prioridad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
"cuentas; y el más exitoso de todos, suficiente para pagar la renta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
"Lingo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
"visuales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
"diferencia de otros que ofrecen gráficos, iconos o imágenes predefinidas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
"contribuyentes, es importante tener una misión más allá de hacer dinero."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
"dentro con una comunidad de usuarios y fans."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
"alimentándola.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
"pueden buscar los íconos por el nombre del creador."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
"CC0 de tal manera que puedan ser usados por cualquiera gratuitamente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
"esa meta."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid ""
"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
"visual-sy/description"
"visual-sy/description"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr "## Open Data Institute"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
"datos. Fundada en 2012 en RU."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr "theodi.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
"por servicios personalizados, donaciones"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 11 de noviembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Jeni Tennison, director técnico"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"a inovar con los datos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
"permitirles entender mejor qué es lo que esta pasando alrededor de ellos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
"quiere —"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
"políticas de datos abiertos afectan esto;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
"desarrollar el caso del beneficio económico y el modelos de negocios para "
"los datos abiertos;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr "ayudar a los negocios del RU a usar los datos abiertos; y"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
"mostrar cómo los datos abiertos pueden mejorar los servicios públicos.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
"ingresos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
"inversión de \\$4.75 millones de la Omidyar Network."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
"un staff de sesenta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
"complementarios en respuesta a las necesidades del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
"capacitación, y servicios de asesoría."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
"miembros son listados en su sitio web.)2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
"como una forma de desarrollo profesional."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
"tiende a generar gran interés y compromiso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
"temáticas principales y más de 750 asistentes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
"organizaciones comerciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
"Del lado comercial, las siguiente proposiciones de valor parecen resonar:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
"datos también. Los datos abiertos son un tópico candente."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
"autonomía organizativa."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
"y oportunidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
"crear “nodos” internacionales del ODI."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"pequeña cuota por ser parte de la red y usar la marca."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
"oficinas.3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
"construirla, no únicamente enlinea sino a través de eventos cara-a-cara."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
"usables, confiables, accesibles, descubribles, y que están soportados.4"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
"escala."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
"vez de crear “licencias abiertas” de su autoría."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"dinero.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
"Abril de 2016:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
"del ODI han generado desde su incorporación al programa ODI: £ 44.5 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr "Número total de miembros activos y nodos alrededor del mundo: 1,350"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr "Ventas totales desde que comenzó el ODI: £7.44 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
"en persona y enlinea: 2.2 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr "Total de certificados de Open Data creados: 151, 000"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
"comenzó: 50,805"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr "directory.theodi.org/members"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr "certificates.theodi.org"
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr "## OpenDesk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
"RU."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr "www.opendesk.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por una cuota de transacción"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 4 de noviembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistados: Nick Ierodiaconou y Joni Steiner, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
"por un creador."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"lucro y Opendesk en una campañía de lucro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
"lejos del camino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
"reinventar la rueda y decidieron usar las Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
"Salir con un modelo de negocios iba a ser complejo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
"decisiones en el modelo de negocios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
"quieren ser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
"magnífico trabajo perfilando a los diseñadores.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
"licencia Attributtion-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"especificaciones en el archivo de diseño."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
"países alrededor del mundo.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
"en el sitio web de Opendesk:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
"registrado, ellos pagan:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
"extra por ensamblado cargado por el creador)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
"al diseñador cada vez que su diseño es usado)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
"contruir nuestro mercado)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
"relevante)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
"entrega externo asociado)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
"sitio y los diseñadores podrían ofrecer opciones de diseño a la medida)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
"impuestos por ventas locales (variable por la ubicación del cliente y el "
"creador)3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
"A continuación, se detallan cómo se crean las cotizaciones de los creadores:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
"manufactura subyacentes y son típicamente prorrateado de la siguiente manera:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
"ensamblado en sitio)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota por diseño: 8 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota de plataforma: 12 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota de canal: 18 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr "impuesto de venta: los aplicables (depende del producto y ubicación)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
"valor al diseñador."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
"Reino Unido. Actualmente Opendesk representa una gran parte de sus negocios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
"piezas funcionales y reproducibles."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
"asequible para comprar productos personalizados.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
"usuales producidos en masa de una tienda."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
"gustaría ver que se usaran."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
"NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
"considera usos comerciales y no comerciales. Su sitio web declara:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr "Es inequívocamente uso comercial cuando alguien:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr "carga una cuota o tiene una ganancia cuando hace un Opendesk"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr "vende (o tiene un servicio comercial basado en) un OpenDesk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
"monetaria. Por ejemplo, estos califican como no comercial:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
"mobiliario por sí mismo"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
"educativos o capacitación (y no intenta vender las piezas resultantes)"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
"disponibles para ti en los diferentes talleres que lo conforman"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
"genera Opendesk depende del “abierto,” no de la propiedad intelectual."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
"involucrados a través de Opendesk en trabajo generador de ingresos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
"ganan impulso y entonces tienen esperanza en las personas."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr "openmaking.is"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr "## OpenStax"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
"demanda y cursos de posicionamiento avanzado. Fundado en 2012 en los EUA."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr "www.openstaxcollege.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
"por copias físicas (ventas de libros de texto)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 16 de diciembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr "Entrevistado: David Harris, Editor en Jefe"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
"cualquier momento— sin costo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
"OpenStax College, ahora simplemente OpenStax."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
"fácil adopción por parte de los estudiantes y profesores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
"de ventas!"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
"acerca de estos libros de texto y que promuevan su uso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
"adecúe a sus necesidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
"clave, y más."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
"sus libros de texto. 2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
"red extensiva de asociados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
"inversión filantrópica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
"disponibles a los alumnos por una cuota."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
"Introducción a la Sociología 2da Ed, usando estos fondos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
"fuerza de ventas; sus participantes estan afuera mostrando sus materiales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
"compartir estos hallazgos con la comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
"corrientes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
"impresos es prácticamente del cien por ciento."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
"que sea razonable."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
"cero, un buen ejemplo es su libro de biología."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
"muy laborioso."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
"por adelantado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
"profesore el control y libertad académica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
"compromiso y toma ventaja de las ineficiencias del mercado tradicional."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
"de su reciente material para la prensa:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr "Libros publicados: 23"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr "Estudiantes que han usado OpenStax: 1.6 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes: \\$ 155 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
"Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes en el ciclo académico 2016-17: \\$77 "
"millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
"años y universidades, y 344 colegios y universidades fuera de los E.U.A.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
"internacional."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
"carrera de enfermería, por ejemplo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
"alcanzarla."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr "openstax.org/adopters"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr "## Amanda Palmer"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr "Amanda Palmer es música, artista, y escritora. Vive en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr "amandapalmer.net"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
"cobros para versiones en vivo (performances), venta de mercancia"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 15 de diciembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
"nuevas vias de continuar su trabajo creativo. 1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
"haciendolo.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
"seguir haciendo arte.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
"haciendo arte.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
"lo que Amanda y the Dresden Dolls querían hacer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
"kickstarter de todos los tiempos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
"costo bajo la licencia Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"NonCommercial fueron como hechas a la medida."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
"disfrute de la música, » dijo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
"habían estado en mi cosina,» escribió Amanda en The Art of Asking."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"mismo,» escribió Amanda."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
"después de un espectáculo, ellos pueden sentir legitimamente que la conocen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
"que el riesgo de hacerte vulnerable casi siempre vale la pena. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
"haces con los amigos—compartes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
"Personas que se sienten involucradas en su exito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
"a su «pequeña familia rara.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
"en una forma que sea placentera para tí.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
"Comineza con el arte y entonces el nexo se fortalece con la conexión humana."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
"ellos.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
"a la gente a ayudarla, los deja hacer."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
"\\#44e20ce46d67"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr "## PLOS (Biblioteca pública de ciencia)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
"y otra literatura científica. Fundada en el 2000 en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr "plos.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
"procesamiento de autor para ser incluido en la revista"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 7 de marzo, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Louise Page, Editor"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"Attribution (CC BY)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
"quieran leer la revista especializada o un artículo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
"la investigación y avance del campo. Era tiempo para un nuevo modelo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
"publicación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
"logitud de palabras, figuras, u otros elementos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"comenzó en 2006, son debajo de los \\$1,500."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
"procesamiento por artículo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"su trabajo para publicación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
"cómo debería ser publicado y difundido el contenido de investigación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
"disponibilidad de datos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
"opciones en donde publicar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
"incluso cuando ellas son relativamente nuevas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
"generan más descubrimientos y citas a los autores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
"de acceso abierto inicial, o que cualquiera."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
"lo referente a la ciencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
"cambiar la práctica actual."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
"más tiempo requerirá inevitablemente el tiempo de aprobación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
"limitados al autor y la editorial."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
"de la investigación se reinventa alrededor del mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
"los investigadores no tienen mucho tiempo para comentar los preprints."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
"transformaciones."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
"lectores para comunicarse con los autores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
"experimentación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
"135,000 articulos de calidad para su lectura sin costo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
"reproducible para el avance de la ciencia."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr "collections.plos.org"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr "## Rijksmuseum"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
"historia. Fundado en 1800 en Holanda (Países Bajos)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
"entrada por persona (entrada al museo), venta de mercancía"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 11 de diciembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
"sobre Colecciones"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
"modelo para el museo, más abierto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
"un catálogo de fichas de toda la colección en línea."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
"toda la colección en línea?"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
"debería seguir el ejemplo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
"escolar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
"hacer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
"objetivo de eventualmente tener toda la colección en Internet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
"que la gente quiere verla en la vida real visitando de hecho el museo real."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
"una forma de generar ingresos, incluso para el Rijksmuseum."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
"proviene la imagen y esto incrementa la visibilidad del Museo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
"pueden utilizar y hacer varias cosas con la colección del Rijksmuseum.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
"quieran, para fines privados o incluso comerciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
"escolares."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
"público, pero dentro de los límites establecidos por los artistas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
"\"El cisne amenazado\".3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
"internacional del Premio Rijksstudio comenzó en septiembre de 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
"usuarios puedan interactuar más entre sí."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
"mil visitas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
"pintura."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
"generosidad hace que la gente esté feliz de acompañarte y ayudarte.\""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
"www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
"rijksstudio-award-2015"
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr "## Shareable"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
"E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr "www.shareable.net"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
"proyectos), donaciones, patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 24 de febrero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Neal Gorenflo, cofundador y editor ejecutivo"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
"principios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
"acerca del riesgo de morir mientras es absorbido por los «Borg».»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
"capaces de soportar las críticas que Airbnb y Uber estan teniendo ahora.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"creciendo su audiencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
"de recursos, aislamientos sociales, y calentamiento global."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
"lectores a realizar cambios en sus propias vidas y comunidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"tienen audiencias más grandes que las nuestras.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
"web."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
"siguientes campañas de recaudación de fondos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
"comunidad representará mejor su visión del mundo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
"también buscamos el bienestar del hogar y el corazón.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
"gente de su base existente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
"recursos en construir relaciones entre sus lectores y seguidores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
"lleno de ideas para que las implemente su red."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
"sus propias comunidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr "## Siyavula"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
"integra experiencias de aprendizaje. Fundada en 2012 en Sudafrica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr "www.siyavula.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por servicios personalizados, patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 5 de abril, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Mark Horner, CEO"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
"Sudáfrica."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
"sobrevivir y prosperar. Mark dice que ha sido muy orgánico."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
"ponerlos disponibles libremente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
"de matemáticas y ciencias físicas para los grados 10 al 12."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
"este logro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
"necesidades."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
"volvió Siyavula."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
"mas allá de los seis libros iniciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
"esa manera estarían seguros para compartir y libres de repercusiones legales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
"libros de texto rara vez fueron editados."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
"un fellow de Shuttleworth."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
"funcionaron realmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
"educativos abiertos, vieron esto como una gran oportunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
"dispositivo—computadora, tableta, o teléfono móvil."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
"dentro de los libros de texto abiertos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
"dirigido únicamente a la parte más alta del mercado."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
"involuntariamente se volvió los estudiantes de bajos ingresos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
"atendiendo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
"mercado, cuál es el precio, y que barreras para acceder hay."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
"servicio relacionado y convertir algunas personas en clientes de pago."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
"quienes cobran una y otra vez por el mismo contenido sin agregar valor."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"se suscriben."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
"desempeño."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
"para los grados 4 al 6 y depués para los grados 7 al 9."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
"con una guía de maestro y otros recursos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
"sería visible en lobros distribuidos a más de un millon de estudiantes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
"(CC BY), permitiendo a otros modificar y redistribuir los libros."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"menor en el país. Pero después de una larga negociación, el gobierno se negó."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
"independientes del gobierno."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
"potenciales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
"siendo el modelo que usa Siyavula actualmente."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
"conflictiva y está en el limbo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
"Intelligent Practice recolecta."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"ambos, él y la compañía son más fuertes por eso."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr "cnx.org"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
-msgid "## Sparkfun"
-msgstr "## Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681
+msgid "## SparkFun"
+msgstr "## SparkFun"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
"hardware abierto. Fundada en 2003 en Estados Unidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr "www.sparkfun.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ingresos: cobrar por copias físicas (ventas de componentes "
"electrónicos)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 29 de febrero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Nathan Seidle, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
"hecha por alguien más. Su reacción fue de júbilo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
"en el mundo.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
"por su cuenta. Ser copiados es parte del diseño."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
"como propiedad intelectual."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
"laureles. Da una red de seguridad. Nosotros quitamos esa red de seguridad.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
"nosotros, es mejor para los clientes.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"Nathan. «Esto es con lo que deberían competir.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
"graduarse, empezó a hacer y vender sus propios productos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
"para los productos que crean."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
"para producir placas para revender usando la marca de Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
"tecnología es una extensión natural de su negocio central."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
"trescientos y cincuenta mil estudiantes de colegio para el 2020.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
"disponible bajo los mismo términos de licenciamiento."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
"competencia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
"lo hace más significativo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
"porque no se enfocan de forma singular en el resultado final."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
"que vienen a su sitio no solo encuentren contenido sin cambios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"identifican puntos débiles, y nosotros diseñamos algo para solucionarlos.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
"dijo Nathan. «Eso no es realmente cierto.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
"diseños,» dijo Nathan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
"propusieron ser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr "## TeachAIDS"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
"SIDA. Fundada en 2005 en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr "teachaids.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 24 de marzo, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
"Entrevistados: Piyar Sorcar, el CEO, y Shuman Ghosemajumder, el presidente"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
"los materiales educativos que distribuye TeachAIDS."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
"disposición bajo una licencia Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
"únicamente pedazos de información."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
"creación una educación eficaz, culturalmente apropiada,\" Piya comentó."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
"Creative Commons en los materiales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
"preservando nuestro contenido y protegiéndonos al mismo tiempo.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"investigación impulsa todo lo que hacemos.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
"para cada versión adaptada de los materiales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
"la información de alguien del mismo genero."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"once veces."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
"y que funcionen.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
"completamente gratuito.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
"educativo. Todo el contenido permanece con la marca de TeachAIDS."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
"comentó Shuman."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
"venir."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
"estas iniciativas."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
"comentó Piya."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr "## Tribe of Noise"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
"fundada en 2008 en los Países Bajos (Holanda)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr "www.tribeofnoise.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 26 de enero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Hessel van Oorschot, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
"incluyendo el uso de software de fuentes abiertas y Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
"suficientemente fácil de encontrar."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
"Sandra se decidieron a construir una plataforma."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
"negocio musicales requiere de una relación de confianza."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
"personalmente para encontrar dicha música."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
"músicos de Tribe of Noise.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
"”Seguimos luchando por una buena causa todos los días.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
"Estados Unidos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
"es como presentan el ejemplo en su sitio Web:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
"\\*0.425 \\* 0.142 = US\\$73 por mes.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"impediría volverse ricos por las ventas de dicha canción."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
"en un posible mejor acuerdo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
"limpios."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
"repertorio musical que el área comunitaria."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
"explorar otros modelos como el de Tribe of Noise Pro."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
"la plataforma que genuinamente se involucran con ellos."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"necesidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"ASCAP o BMI."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
"sin tener que enfrentar batallas legales."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"basado en la confianza."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr "www.instoremusicservice.com"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr "## Wikimedia Foundation"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
"Wikipedia y sus proyectos hermanos. Fundada en 2003 en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr "wikimediafoundation.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: donaciones"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 18 de diciembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
"LaPorte, asesor legal"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr "Casi cualquier persona con una presencia enlinea conoce la Wikipedia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
"permite a las personas reusarlo y adaptarlo para cualquier propósito."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
"el artículo de la Wikipedia acerca de la Wikipedia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"no estan conectados con alguna organización en partícular."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
"humana."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
"simplemente todo ocurre a una escala sin precedentes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
"hechas cada hora."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
"Wikimedia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
"tiempo, la gente quiere hacer lo correcto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
"siempre lo mejor para todos.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"contribuyentes.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
"\\$77 millones de más de cinco millones de donadores."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"retornen. Cada poco ayuda. Con las suficientes miradas, ellos estan bien."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
"que hace la fundación."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
"lectores. Tambien infunde confianza en su comunidad."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
"motivar un movimiento entero,» Stephen nos comentó."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
"público abierto.»"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr "## Bibliografía"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
"from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
"2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
"2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
"models-book-64463892 (licenciado bajo CC BY-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
"paradigm/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
"bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"of-urban-commons1.pdf."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
"under CC BY-NC-ND)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
"Carbon Economy.” Cap. 11 en Elliott y Hepting, Free Knowledge."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
"Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
"Governing Knowledge Commons. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
"Governing Knowledge Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
"con nuevo epílogo. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
"York: Viking, 2013."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
"and the Commons. Nueva York: Zed Books, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
"Farrar, Straus y Giroux, 2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
"Books. Nueva York: Vintage Books, 2007."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
"within Us All. Nueva York: Crown, 2013."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
"Discovered. Nueva York: Workman, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
"Nueva York: Workman, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
"BBC News, Marzo 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
"Economy. Nueva York: Penguin Press, 2008."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
"Straus y Giroux, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
"2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
"libro está disponible en strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
"People Help. Nueva York: Grand Central, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
"BY-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
"cathedral-bazaar/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
"Business, 2011."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
"Macmillan, 2014."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
msgid ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
"Enemy of Prosperity. Nueva York: Portfolio, 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
"York: Farrar, Straus y Giroux, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
"Collaborators. Londres, Inglaterra: Penguin Books, 2010."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
"Books, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
"Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
"Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. Nueva York: Anchor Books, 2005."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
"Portfolio, 2016."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
"Reiter. Nueva York: Simon y Schuster, 2006."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
"bajo CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
"get-the-book/ (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-ND)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-ND)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr "## Agradecimientos"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
"inicial que nos permitió empezar este proyecto."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
"los comunes tengan vida. Gracias por la inspiración."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
"trabajo."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
"invaluable. Gracias de todo corazón a todos ustedes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
"Xavier Antoviaque, Yancey Strickler"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, Janos Kovacs, Jasmina "
"Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu"
+#~ msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
+#~ msgstr "Hecho con Creative Commons"
+
+#~ msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey y Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+
+#~ msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
+#~ msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
+
#~ msgid "#### Notes"
#~ msgstr "#### Notas"
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:32-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:40+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3
+msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5
msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7
msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9
msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12
msgid ""
"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
"BY-SA), version 4.0."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14
msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16
msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18
msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20
msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22
msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24
msgid "Publisher:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26
msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28
msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30
msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32
msgid "Denmark"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34
msgid "www.cadb.dk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36
msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38
msgid "Printer:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40
msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42
msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44
msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46
msgid "Poland"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58
msgid ""
"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69
msgid ""
-"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
-"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
-"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
-"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
-"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
-"lives.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
-msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
+"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that "
+"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays "
+"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also "
+"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length "
+"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our "
+"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71
msgid "## Foreword"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166
msgid ""
"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202
msgid ""
"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216
msgid "## Introduction"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
msgid ""
"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by "
"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its "
"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
msgid ""
-"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work "
+"*\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
-msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
-msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
-msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
-msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
-msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
-msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
-msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
-msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a "
"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like "
"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in "
"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design "
"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766
msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: "
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
-msgid "## Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681
+msgid "## SparkFun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan "
"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a "
"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:24-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:32+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-02-05 11:36+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere-weblate@hungry.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/nb/>\n"
+"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/"
+"madewithcc/translation/nb/>\n"
"Language: nb\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"X-Generator: Weblate 2.19-dev\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr "Paul Stacey og Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+msgstr "av Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5
msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7
msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "av Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9
msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
msgstr "© 2017, av Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12
msgid ""
"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
"SA), version 4.0."
"versjon 4.0."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14
msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
msgstr "Vanlig tekst"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16
msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
msgstr "Omslag og boksideutforming av Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18
msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
msgstr "Innhold redigert av Grace Yaginuma"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20
msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
msgstr "Illustrasjoner av Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22
msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
msgstr "Nedlastbar e-bok er tilgjengelig fra madewith.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24
msgid "Publisher:"
msgstr "Forlegger:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26
msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Bøker"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28
msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30
msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
msgstr "2200 København N"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32
msgid "Denmark"
msgstr "Danmark"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34
msgid "www.cadb.dk"
msgstr "www.cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36
msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
msgstr "hey@cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38
msgid "Printer:"
msgstr "Trykkeri:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40
msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42
msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44
msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46
msgid "Poland"
msgstr "Polen"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
"som den opprinnelige. Lisensdetaljer: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58
msgid ""
"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
"platform."
msgstr ""
"Laget med Creative Commons er offentliggjort med godhjertet støtte fra "
-"Creative Commons og bidragsytere fra vår kronerullingskampanje på Kickstarter"
-".com-plattformen."
+"Creative Commons og bidragsytere fra vår kronerullingskampanje på "
+"Kickstarter.com-plattformen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
-"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
-"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
-"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
-"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
-"lives.”"
+"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that "
+"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays "
+"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also "
+"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length "
+"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our "
+"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*"
msgstr ""
"«Jeg vet ikke mye om faglitteratur . . . Måten jeg tenker på disse tingene, "
"og hva jeg kan gjøre er . . . essays som dette er anledninger til å følge "
"fleste av oss har en sjanse til i våre daglige liv.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
-msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
-msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71
msgid "## Foreword"
msgstr "## Forord"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
"kalte jakten på fungerende forretningsmodeller via CC en blindvei."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
"er et middel til et sosialt mål, ikke målet selv. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
"selvfølgelig, noen vinner alltid i et lotteri.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
"bygge på sine verdier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
"vitser og spill.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
"allmenninger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
"inspirerer kolleger og samfunn."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
"mer å debattere med."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
"nyttig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
"eksempel på en åpen forretningsmodell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
"bedre prosjekt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166
msgid ""
"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
"gave. Hva de får tilbake er takknemlighet og et fellesskap."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
"dele med et globalt publikum på den måten de velger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
"virkelig verdi for dem.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
"inspirasjon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202
msgid ""
"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
"blant fremmede, blant dem de lærer å kjenne, og noen ganger like.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
"Johnathan Nightingale ofte sier: «Alt er laget av mennesker.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr "Det er den sanne verdien av ting som er laget med Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216
msgid "## Introduction"
msgstr "## Introduksjon"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
"men med en vri."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
"forretningsmodell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
"litteraturen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
"måte å ramme inn arbeidet på, samsvarte ikke med de historiene vi hørte."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
"opprettholde driften."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
"er ikke «business as usual» («som vi pleier»)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
"halvannet år."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
"gjennom våre ulike seksjoner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
"mer eller mindre uavhengig av hverandre. Boken er organisert i to hoveddeler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
msgid ""
"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
"verdier, og hvordan de bygger forbindelser med folk de deler med."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
"modellen i tradisjonell opphavsrett - er den eneste måten å tjene penger på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
"skrivingen av profilene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
"lokaliser, og bygg gjerne videre på dette arbeidet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
"bedre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
msgstr "*Paul og Sarah *\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr "# Det store bildet"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr "## Digital Commons nye verden"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr "Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"nye, for eksempel Internett; andre er like gamle som jord og kalligrafi.»1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
"Creative Commons til å dele sine ressurser tilkoblet Internett."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
"fellesskapet. Særlig vekt er lagt på rettferdig tilgang, bruk og bærekraft."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr "### Almenningen, markedet, og staten"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
"- med de siste to som de dominerende former i dag.4)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
"allemannseiets normer med dem som gjelder for markeder eller det offentlige."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
"allemannseie, det offentlige og markedet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
"annen påvirker sammensetningen av de normer de styrer etter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
"Alle våre referanseløsninger genererer penger til livsopphold og bærekraft. "
"Penger kommer hovedsakelig fra markedet. Det er utfordrende å finne måter å "
-"generere inntekter på, når man holder seg til kjerneverdiene i allemannseie ("
-"vanligvis uttrykt i målformuleringer). Å administrere samhandling og "
+"generere inntekter på, når man holder seg til kjerneverdiene i allemannseie "
+"(vanligvis uttrykt i målformuleringer). Å administrere samhandling og "
"engasjement mellom fellesskapene og markedet krever litt netthendthet, en "
"sterk følelse av verdier, og evnen til å kombinere det beste fra begge."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
"for å fremme allemannseie."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
"for suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr "### De fire aspektene ved en ressurs"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
"offentlige, for dette kapitlet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
"markedet, og det offentlige arbeider, la oss vurdere fire sider ved "
"ressursadministrasjon: Ressursens karakteristika, de involverte personene og "
"den prosessen de bruker, normer og regler de utvikler for å styre bruken, og "
-"til slutt den faktiske ressursbruken sammen med resultatene av denne bruken ("
-"se Fig. 2)."
+"til slutt den faktiske ressursbruken sammen med resultatene av denne bruken "
+"(se Fig. 2)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr "#### Karakteristika"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
"som påvirker det iboende ressurspotensialet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
"gode, krever vanligvis at man benytter markedet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
"iboende karakteristikk ved digitale ressurser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"digitale ressurser i allmenninger gjør dem gratis og rikelige."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
"konvertere en digital ressurs til en fysisk."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
"generasjoner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr "#### Folk og prosesser"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
"innflytelse og hvordan en ressurs skal håndteres."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
"administrerer ressurser basert på regjeringens prioriteringer og prosedyrer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
"grunnlag av en betalingstransaksjon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
"mer personlig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr "#### Normer og regler"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"disputter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
"allemannseie gjennom de reglene som lages."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
"definert av staten."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
"bærekraftighet.9)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr "#### Mål"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
"allmenninger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
"måter å måle markedet på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
"målene. Statlige mål gjenspeiles i mål på livskvalitet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
"måter til fordel for personlige og sosiale goder."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
"ressurshåndtering."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr "### Commons korte historie"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
"bevissthet og omtanke. Det finnes ingen nyheter eller taler om allemenninger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
"den pågående fornyelsen er det nyttig å vite noe om historien."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
"marked.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
"primære verktøy for styring av disse ressursene. (Se Fig. 5)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
"Fig. 6 viser hvordan markedet i dag er hovedmåten for ressurhåndtering."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
"blitt motvirket av ulik fordeling og rovdrift."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"privat eiendom og frie markeder."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
"løsning av oppgaver med problemløsning som krever felles innsats.14)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
"Tragedy of the Market."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
"og gjøre det mulig å anvende markedets vanlige normer og regler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
"tilgjengelige for allmennheten som betalte for dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr "### Den digitale revolusjonen"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
"bevegelsen denne delingspraksisen til et sett med prinsipper og friheter:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Frihet til å kjøre et program som du ønsker, for ethvert formål."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
"slik du ønsker."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr "Friheten til å redistribuere kopier."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
"Friheten til å distribuere kopier av dine modifiserte versjoner til andre.16)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
"karakteriserer et digitalt felleseie."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
"en proprietær lås på kjernens Internett-protokoller."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
"med Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"opphavspersonens tillatelse."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
"oss mer involvert i verden.19)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr "### Creative Commons blir til"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
"standardisert måte å gi opphavsrettstillatelser for sitt skapende arbeid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
"regler for digitalt innhold i et allemannseie."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
"pedagogiske ressurser, musikk og andre lydspor, og videoer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
"dette mangfoldet.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"kildekode-programvare-bevegelsen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
"fritt å ha tilgang, bruke, og endre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
"åpent og gratis for det publikum som betalte for dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr "### Markedet i forandring"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
"demokratiske sammenbrudd.24)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
"bedre.25)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
"offentlige rom, mobilitet, sosialt samhold og sikkerhet.27)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
"ut av en eiendel."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"null.29)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
"fremfor knapphet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
"landskapet, og utformer sine egne økonomiske modeller og praksiser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
"etter muligheter til å endre normer og regler som markedet fungerer etter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
"markedsaktørene markedets regler og normer.32)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
"forretningsmodeller.33)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
"gründere å planlegge sin økonomiske modell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
"av en forhåndsdefinert modell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"inntektsstrømmer reduserer risikoen, og gir flere veier til bærekraft."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr "### Fordelene med Digital Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
"felleseier. Digitale allmenneier tilbyr mange fordeler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
"ekspertise."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
"og redelighet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
"samfunnsnyttig praksis."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
"på andres innovasjoner, forvalte ressursene og forholdet til fellesskapet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
"arbeide."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"verdi til publikum, og bidrar til den samlede verdien av felleseiene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
"engasjement, ikke ved utveksling av penger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
"administrere ressurser som i felleseie være det klare alternativet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr "### Våre referansestudier"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
"den finansielle bunnlinjen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
"er nådd, og hvor bærekraftig organisasjonen er."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
"opprinnelig digitale, men kan gjøres til fysiske ressurser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
"alle uavhengig av økonomiske midler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
"dette globale samfunnet leder til suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"allmenneier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
"er et mer balansert alternativ mulig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
"innsikt i hvordan dette virker."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr "### Merknader"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Köhler, 2013), 14."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr "Ibid., 15."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr "Ibid., 145."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr "Ibid., 175."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
"and the Commons (New York: Zed bøker, 2014), 93."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
" 2016, creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/.\n"
"21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n"
" Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n"
-"22. Wikipedia, s.v. «Open Government Partnership,” senest endret September "
-"24, 2016,\n"
+"22. Wikipedia, s.v. «Open Government Partnership,” senest endret September 24, 2016,\n"
" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n"
"23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n"
"24. Ibid., 116.\n"
" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
" City of Bologna, 2014),\n"
-" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
-"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
-"urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
+" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
" Sharing City, gå til www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
" Revolution; Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco:\n"
" Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9.\n"
"33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n"
-" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). Forhåndslesing av boken er "
-"mulig hos strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n"
+" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). Forhåndslesing av boken er mulig hos strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n"
"34. Dette opplegget for forretningsmodell kan lastes ned hos\n"
" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
-"35. Vi har åpnet «Open Business Model Canvas», designet av medforfatter Paul "
-"Stacey, tilgjengelig på nettet her "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit."
-"\n"
+"35. Vi har åpnet «Open Business Model Canvas», designet av medforfatter Paul Stacey, tilgjengelig på nettet her docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
" Du kan også finne det tilhørende Open Business Model Canvas\n"
" Questions på\n"
-" "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit."
-"\n"
-"36. En mer omfattende liste over inntektsstrømmer er tilgjengelig i denne "
-"posten jeg skrev i Medium 6. mars 2016. «What Is an Open Business\n"
+" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
+"36. En mer omfattende liste over inntektsstrømmer er tilgjengelig i denne posten jeg skrev i Medium 6. mars 2016. «What Is an Open Business\n"
" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?», tilgjengelig herfra:\n"
-" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-"
-"how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
+" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr "## Hvordan bli laget med Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"tilgang til dem, men også å kan bruke dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
"definisjoner av suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
"forskjellig fra den som dukket frem i våre intervjuer og forskning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"forretningsvirksomhet som fokus."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
"alt dere mener det skal bety.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
"som som vår styrende overskrift for boken."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
"måten å tenke på før du leser videre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
"forretningspespektiv, kan være litt utenfor sporet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
"bruke CC, og den symbolikken har mange lag."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
"gjenspeiler en tro på løftet om å dele."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
"Om publikum gjør bruk av muligheten til å kopiere og tilpasse sitt arbeid, "
"er å dele med en Creative Commons-lisens et symbol på hvordan du skal "
-"kommunisere med personer som bruker ditt arbeidet. Når du oppretter noe, er «"
-"alle rettigheter reservert» med opphavsrett automatisk, så "
+"kommunisere med personer som bruker ditt arbeidet. Når du oppretter noe, er "
+"«alle rettigheter reservert» med opphavsrett automatisk, så "
"opphavsrettsymbolet (©) på arbeidet formidles ikke nødvendigvis som en "
"markør av mistro eller overdreven proteksjonisme. Men å bruke en CC-lisens "
"kan være et symbol på det motsatte – av at en ønsker en ekte menneskelig "
"åpen mulighet for forbindelse."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
"syn på suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
"under en CC-lisens, er denne dynamikken enda mer uttalt. Tilsvarende for "
"teknologiske innovatører gjelder det ofte mindre å skape en bestemt ny ting "
"som vil gjøre deg rik, men mer om å løse et bestemt problem du har. Skaperne "
-"av Arduino fortalte oss at de viktigste spørsmålet når du oppretter noe er «"
-"vil du som lager det, bruke det? Det må ha en personlig bruk og betydning.»"
+"av Arduino fortalte oss at de viktigste spørsmålet når du oppretter noe er "
+"«vil du som lager det, bruke det? Det må ha en personlig bruk og betydning.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
"Creative Commons-lisens."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
"gode og menneskelig tilknytning er en integrert del for å oppnå suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
"nok til å holde lysene påslått."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
"Kostnadene for å gjøre forretninger varierer ved bruk av CC, men det er "
"vanligvis en mye lavere terskel for lønnsomhet enn det pleide å være for "
"kreative innsatser. Digital teknologi har gjort det enklere enn noensinne å "
-"lage, og enklere enn noensinne å distribuere. Som Doctorow skrev i sin bok «"
-"Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free»: «Hvis analoge dollar har snudd til "
+"lage, og enklere enn noensinne å distribuere. Som Doctorow skrev i sin bok "
+"«Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free»: «Hvis analoge dollar har snudd til "
"digitale skillemynt (som kritikere av annonsestøttede media vil ha det til), "
"er det det et faktum at det er mulig å drive en forretning som får samme "
"mengde reklame som sine forgjengere til en brøkdel av prisen.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
"ikke, fordi det lages ut fra overbevisning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
"pengene kommer inn på, som reising eller tilpasset opplæring."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
"være mye mer beskjedne."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
"gående fra dag til dag»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
"forfølger denne nye måten å operere på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
"null»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr "### Problem Null: Å bli oppdaget"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
"lenger begrenset til hva som appellerer til massene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
"måte må du bli lagt merke til av de rette folkene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
"på ett øre mot en pris på null.11) Det betyr ikke at det er galt å ta betalt "
"for innholdet. Det betyr bare du må innse hvilken betydning dette vil ha på "
"etterspørselen. Det samme prinsippet gjelder ved å begrense tilgangen til å "
-"kopiere arbeidet. Hvis problemet ditt er å bli oppdaget og finne «dine folk»"
-", virker å hindre folk fra å kopiere arbeidet ditt og dele det med andre, "
-"mot sin hensikt."
+"kopiere arbeidet. Hvis problemet ditt er å bli oppdaget og finne «dine "
+"folk», virker å hindre folk fra å kopiere arbeidet ditt og dele det med "
+"andre, mot sin hensikt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”12"
msgstr ""
"Selvfølgelig, det er ikke at å bli oppdaget av folk som liker arbeidet ditt "
-"vil gjøre deg rik - langt fra det. Men som Cory Doctorow sier, «"
-"anerkjennelse er en av mange nødvendige forutsetninger for kunstnerisk "
+"vil gjøre deg rik - langt fra det. Men som Cory Doctorow sier, "
+"«anerkjennelse er en av mange nødvendige forutsetninger for kunstnerisk "
"suksess».12)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
"goodwill i samfunnet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
"har blitt kriminalisert». 13)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
"til å gjøre bruk av det."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
msgstr ""
"Tar du for gitt endel kopiering og deling av arbeidet ditt, kan du investere "
"tid og ressurser andre steder enn å kaste dem bort på å leke katt og mus med "
-"folk som vil kopiere og dele ditt innhold. Lizzy Jongma fra Rijksmuseum sa, «"
-"vi kan bruke mye penger på å prøve å beskytte verkene, men folk kommer til å "
-"gjøre det likevel. Og de vil bruke gjengivelser med dårlig kvalitet». I "
+"folk som vil kopiere og dele ditt innhold. Lizzy Jongma fra Rijksmuseum sa, "
+"«vi kan bruke mye penger på å prøve å beskytte verkene, men folk kommer til "
+"å gjøre det likevel. Og de vil bruke gjengivelser med dårlig kvalitet». I "
"stedet startet de med å utgi høyoppløselige digitale kopier fra sine "
"samlinger i det offentlige rom, og gjøre dem tilgjengelige gratis fra sin "
"hjemmeside. For dem var deling en form for kvalitetskontroll av kopiene som "
"var en liten pris å betale for alle mulighetene som deling låste opp for dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
"Internettet»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
"ting som de selv aldri kunne ha gjort på noen annen måte."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
"fordel. Her er noen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr "#### Bruk CC for å finne et større publikum"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
"hvilket tror du det er mer sannsynlig at folk deler?"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
"akademiske forfattere som ønsker å nå så mange lesere som mulig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
"mer tilgjengelig, og sannsynligvis til å bli spredt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
"delvis er indikator på kvalitet eller nytteverdi.18)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr "### Å bruke CC for å få henvisninger og navnegjenkjenning"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
"(kreditt)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"arbeide."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
"til designet blir en spesiell del av produktet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
"verdifullt enn noensinne."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr "#### Å bruke CC-lisensiert innhold som markedsføringsverktøy"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
"innholdet trekke folk til dine andre produkter eller tjenester."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"markedsføring."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
"dermed OpenStax lærebøker)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
"### Bruke CC til å aktivere hands-on engasjement (aktiv deltakelse) med "
"arbeidet ditt"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
"deltakelse i skapende arbeid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"muligheten til å tilpasse et bilde mindre viktig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
"bruke noe som er laget av noen andre.25)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
"til arbeidet ditt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr "#### Bruke CC for å skille deg ut"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
"må endres»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr "### Å tjene penger"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
"Creative Commons (Made with Creative Commons) direkte knyttet til verdien "
"det genererer, der mottakere betaler for verdien de mottar, som i enhver "
"annen standard markedstransaksjon. I mange andre tilfeller, snarere enn i en "
-"noe for noe-utveksling av penger for verdi («en tjeneste er en annen verdt»)"
-", som typisk for markedstransaksjoner, gir mottakeren penger i forståelse av "
-"en gjensidighet."
+"noe for noe-utveksling av penger for verdi («en tjeneste er en annen "
+"verdt»), som typisk for markedstransaksjoner, gir mottakeren penger i "
+"forståelse av en gjensidighet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
"for å bringe inn omsetning, noen markedsbaserte og andre ikke. En vanlig "
"strategi er å bruke eksterne bevilgninger til innhold når forsknings- og "
"utviklingskostnader er spesielt høye, og deretter finne en annen "
-"inntektsstrøm (eller strømmer) til påløpende utgifter. Som Shirky skrev, er «"
-"trikset å vite når markedene er en optimal måte å organisere interaksjoner "
+"inntektsstrøm (eller strømmer) til påløpende utgifter. Som Shirky skrev, er "
+"«trikset å vite når markedene er en optimal måte å organisere interaksjoner "
"på og når de ikke er det». 29)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
"abstraksjonsnivå, kan være lærerikt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr "#### Markedsbaserte inntektsstrømmer"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
"I markedet er det sentrale spørsmålet når vi bestemmer hvordan vi skal få "
"inntekter, hvor mye folk er villige til å betale.30) Per definisjon, hvis "
"du bruker Made with Creative Commons, er innholdet du gir tilgjengelig "
-"gratis og ikke en markedsvare. I den allestedsnærværende freemium-modellen ("
-"som kombinerer «free» og «premium»-utgaver av et produkt eller en tjeneste, "
+"gratis og ikke en markedsvare. I den allestedsnærværende freemium-modellen "
+"(som kombinerer «free» og «premium»-utgaver av et produkt eller en tjeneste, "
"der inntjeningen ligger i premium-utgaven), må enhver markedstransaksjon med "
"en forbruker av innholdet være basert på en verdiøkning du tilbyr.31)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
"med gratis versjoner av ditt eget innhold, enten du ser gjennom fingrene med "
"det eller ikke.32) Hvis folk lett kan finne innholdet gratis, vil det være "
"vanskelig å få folk til å kjøpe det, spesielt i en kontekst der tilgang til "
-"innhold er viktigere enn å eie den. I Free skrev Anderson: «"
-"Opphavsrettigheter, enten regelfestet i lov eller i programvaren, er i "
+"innhold er viktigere enn å eie den. I Free skrev Anderson: "
+"«Opphavsrettigheter, enten regelfestet i lov eller i programvaren, er i "
"enkelhet å holde en pris opp imot tyngdekraften»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
"Dette betyr selvfølgelig at innholdsdrevne bestrebelser ikke har noen "
"fremtid på den tradisjonelle markedsplassen. I Free forklarer Anderson at "
"når et produkt eller en tjeneste blir gratis, som informasjon og innhold i "
-"stor grad blir i den digitale tidsalderen, blir andre ting mer verdifulle. «"
-"Hver overflod skaper en ny knapphet», skrev han. Du må bare finne en måte "
+"stor grad blir i den digitale tidsalderen, blir andre ting mer verdifulle. "
+"«Hver overflod skaper en ny knapphet», skrev han. Du må bare finne en måte "
"annet enn enn innholdet for å gi verdi til brukere eller kunder. Som "
"Anderson sier, «det er lett å konkurrere med Free: Bare tilby noe bedre, "
"eller i det minste ulik gratisversjonen».33)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
"Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
"tjenester."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr "Her er de vanligste høynivå kategoriene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
msgid ""
-"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
+"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *\\[MARKET-BASED"
"\\]*"
msgstr ""
-"#### Å tilby en tilpasset tjeneste til brukere av ditt arbeid * \\["
-"MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
+"#### Å tilby en tilpasset tjeneste til brukere av ditt arbeid *"
+"\\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
"det skreddersydde sangtilbudet fra Jonathan «Song-A-Day» Mann."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
-msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr "#### Å belaste for den fysiske kopien * \\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Å belaste for den fysiske kopien *\\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
"kvalitet, tjeneste eller andre tradisjonelle forretningsprinsipper."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
-msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr "#### Å ta betalt for en personlig versjon * \\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Å ta betalt for en personlig versjon *\\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"et tale- eller opplæringskurs."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
-msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr "#### Å selge handelsvarer * \\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Å selge handelsvarer *\\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
"viktig inntektskilde for museer og gallerier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"andre tjenester."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
-msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr "#### Å belaste annonsører og sponsorer * \\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Å belaste annonsører og sponsorer *\\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"bestemt innhold, prosjekter eller oppgaven som sådan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
-msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Betaling fra dine innholdsleverandører * \\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
"innhold til Conversations nettside."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
-msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Transaksjonsgebyr * \\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
"på ett av designene på plattformen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
-msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
-"#### Å levere en tjeneste til dine innholdsleverandører * \\[MARKEDSBASERT\\"
-"]*"
+"#### Å levere en tjeneste til dine innholdsleverandører * \\[MARKEDSBASERT"
+"\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
"dataene de bidrar med til plattformen mer synlige og gjenbrukbare."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
-msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr "#### Lisensiere et varemerke* \\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Lisensiere et varemerke *\\[MARKEDSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
"fordelen av overfloden av CC-innhold."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr "#### Gjensidighetsbaserte inntektsstrømmer"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
"om å tjene penger på knapphet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
"mottatt er helt lik»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
"menneskeheten i sin overlevelse og utvikling»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
"sentrert, uten gjensidig utveksling av verdi.41)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr "#### Medlemskap og individuelle donasjoner * \\[GJENSIDIGHETSBASERT\\]*"
+msgstr ""
+"#### Medlemskap og individuelle donasjoner * \\[GJENSIDIGHETSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
"denne strategien lykkes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Betal-hva-du-vil-modellen * \\[GJENSIDIGHETSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
"situasjoner der vi ellers kan finne en måte å få det gratis på ."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr "#### Folkefinansiering * \\[GJENSIDIGHETSBASERT\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"Selvfølgelig»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
"biblioteksamfunnet, og ideen om åpen tilgang generelt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr "### Å bygge menneskelige forbindelser"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
"Uansett hvordan de tjente penger, i våre intervjuer hørte vi gjentatte "
-"ganger ord som «å overtale folk til å kjøpe» og «invitere folk til å betale»"
-". Vi hørte det selv i forbindelse med inntektsstrømmer som er helt og "
+"ganger ord som «å overtale folk til å kjøpe» og «invitere folk til å "
+"betale». Vi hørte det selv i forbindelse med inntektsstrømmer som er helt og "
"holdent i markedet. Cory Doctorow fortalte oss, «Jeg må overbevise mine "
"lesere om at det riktige å gjøre er å betale meg». Grunnleggerne av for-"
"profitt-selskapet Lumen Learning, viste oss brevet de sender til dem som "
"oppbyggingen av å være Made with Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
"kreative forbindelser med folk som verdsetter det de gjør."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
"rene markedstermer, var sterkt knyttet til Made with Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
"feil på så mange punkter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"utvide synsfeltet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
"på hva du gjør med ren markedstenkning. Anstendig sosial atferd er ikke like "
"intuitivt når vi gjør noe med en monetær utveksling. Det kreves en bevisst "
"innsats for å fremme en kontekst med ekte deling, ikke bare basert på "
-"upersonlig utveksling i markedet, men på forbindelsene med folk som du deler "
-"med – forbindelsene til deg, med arbeidet ditt, med dine verdier, med "
+"upersonlig utveksling i markedet, men på forbindelsene med folk som du "
+"deler med – forbindelsene til deg, med arbeidet ditt, med dine verdier, med "
"hverandre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
"deling virkelig ser ut."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr "#### Vær menneskelig"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
"glemme at vi arbeider med et annet menneske."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
"forstår om hvordan arbeidet ditt påvirker hvordan de verdsetter det».43)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
"meningsfull måte."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"fordi vi instinktivt tenker på dem som ikke menneskelige (men i USA, er "
"selskaper mennesker!). Når bedrifter og organisasjoner gjør menneskene bak "
"dem mer tydelige, minner det folk om at de har å gjøre med noe annet enn en "
-"anonym enhet i en bedrift. I forretningsspråket handler dette om å «"
-"menneskeliggjøre sine samhandlinger» med offentligheten.44) Men det kan ikke "
-"være en gimmick. Du kan ikke forfalske det å være menneske."
+"anonym enhet i en bedrift. I forretningsspråket handler dette om å "
+"«menneskeliggjøre sine samhandlinger» med offentligheten.44) Men det kan "
+"ikke være en gimmick. Du kan ikke forfalske det å være menneske."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr "#### Vær åpen og ansvarlig"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
"er kritiske.46)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
"måte å få folk involvert og investert i det du gjør."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr "#### Design for de gode aktører"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
"er for de gode aktørene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
"bestrebelser på måter som stimulerer og fremhever våre sosiale instinkter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
"oftest gjør de det."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr "#### Å behandle mennesker som, vel, mennesker"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
"mye som hun snakker.54)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
"med brukere."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
"bytte for en annen verdi - kan det dramatisk endre dynamikken.56)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr "#### Legg frem dine prinsipper og hold deg til dem"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
"separate sosiale oppgave. Ofte begge."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
"arbeider."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
"engasjerte ansatte, motiverte bidragsytere, og bygger tillit."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr "#### Å bygge et fellesskap"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
"trekkes til verdiene som symboliseres ved å bruke CC."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
"For å være bærekraftig må du jobbe hardt for å livnære allmenneiet. Folk må "
"bry seg – om deg og hverandre. Én kritisk brikke i dette er å få frem "
-"følelsen av tilhørighet. Som Jono Bacon skriver i The Art of Community: «"
-"Hvis det ikke er tilhørighet, er det ikke noe fellesskap». For Amanda "
+"følelsen av tilhørighet. Som Jono Bacon skriver i The Art of Community: "
+"«Hvis det ikke er tilhørighet, er det ikke noe fellesskap». For Amanda "
"Palmer og hennes band betydde dette å lage og godta et inkluderende miljø "
"der folk følte seg som del av deres «lille rare familie.»59) For "
"organisasjoner som Red Hat, betyr det å samle seg rundt felles oppfatninger "
"bygging av de typer deltakende fellesskap som driver åpne organisasjoner».60)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
"tilbaketrekning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
"deling betyr."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr "#### Gi mer til fellesskapet enn du tar"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
"flere ganger ved å selge adgang i stedet for eie.64) Det er ikke deling."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
"deres på sin plattform."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
"du leverer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr "#### Involver folk i det du gjør"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
"bidragsytere kan gjøre enkle forbedringer uten å beslaglegge mye tid.68)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
"bidra, når det ikke vises at deres innsats utgjør noen særlig forskjell.69)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
"for innspill var i skrivingen, musikken i seg selv». 71)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
"som noe rikelig, og det kan skape et miljø der samarbeid blomstrer.73)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
"passive mottakere av innholdet ditt, og ta imot deres aktive deltagelse.75)"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
"på strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr "Ibid., 55."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
"224."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
"2012), 64."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
" Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr "## Creative Commons-lisensene"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
"minstemål kan et CC-lisensiert arbeid kopieres og deles i opprinnelig form "
"for ikke-kommersielle formål, så lenge henvisning er gitt til den som har "
"levert innholdet. Det er seks lisenser i CC sine lisenspakker som bygger på "
-"det grunnleggende settet med tillatelser, alt fra de mest restriktive ("
-"tillatelse av kun grunnleggende tilgang til å dele uforandrede kopier for "
+"det grunnleggende settet med tillatelser, alt fra de mest restriktive "
+"(tillatelse av kun grunnleggende tilgang til å dele uforandrede kopier for "
"ikke-kommersielle formål) til den mest romslige (gjenbrukere kan gjøre hva "
"de vil med arbeidet, til og med for kommersielle formål, så lenge de "
"krediterer opphavspersonen). Lisensene er bygget på opphavsrett, og dekker "
"patenter eller varemerker."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr "Her er de seks lisensene:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
"tilbys. Anbefalt for maksimal spredning og bruk av lisensiert materiale."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
"den samme lisensen, så alle derivater kan også tillate kommersielt bruk."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
"kreditert deg."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
"på samme vilkår."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
"krediterer deg, og lisensierer sine nye arbeider på samme vilkår."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
"ikke endre dem eller bruke dem kommersielt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
"har utløpt:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in\""
-" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
"rettigheter reservert»)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in\""
-" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
"som allerede er fri for kjente opphavsrettsrestriksjoner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
"forsterker de sitt engasjement og forpliktelse til å dele."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"på arbeidet sitt. Vi håper denne boka bringer på det rene at det er mange "
"måter å fremme bærekraftigheten i tiltak som er laget med Creative Commons. "
"Å reservere seg kommersielle rettigheter er bare én av de måtene. Det er "
-"sannelig sant at en lisens som tillater andre kommersiell bruk av ditt verk ("
-"CC BY, CC BY-SA, og CC BY-ND) forkaster noen tradisjonelle inntektsårer. "
+"sannelig sant at en lisens som tillater andre kommersiell bruk av ditt verk "
+"(CC BY, CC BY-SA, og CC BY-ND) forkaster noen tradisjonelle inntektsårer. "
"Hvis du legger til en nevnelse (CC BY) -lisens til din bok, kan du ikke "
"tvinge et filmselskap til å betale deg bruksgebyr hvis de gjør din bok til "
"en helaftens film, eller forhindre et annet selskap å selge fysiske kopier "
"av ditt verk."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"plateselskap ville oppdage arbeidet deres."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
"medisinske emnet er særlig viktig å få riktig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
"på tvers av alle domener."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
msgid "Note"
msgstr "Merk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
"Your Work” at"
msgstr ""
"For mer om lisenser, inkludert eksempler og tips om deling av verkene dine i "
-"den digitale allmenningen, start med Creative Commons-siden med tittelen «"
-"Del ditt verk» på"
+"den digitale allmenningen, start med Creative Commons-siden med tittelen "
+"«Del ditt verk» på"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr "# Referansestudiene"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
"ble valgt av oss."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
"det ble fortalt oss på av dem vi intervjuet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr "## Arduino"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
"datautstyr og programvare. Grunnlagt i 2005 i Italia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr "www.arduino.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
"som ønsker å selge Arduino-produkter med deres navn)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr "Dato for intervju: 4. februar 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr "Intervjuobjekter: David Cuartielles og Tom Igoe, medgrunnleggere"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr "Profilen skrevet av Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
"lisens (CC BY-SA), og programvare med GNU General Public License."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
"til å lage kunst)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
"«Grunnene for å lage Arduino som åpen kildekode er kompliserte», sier Tom. "
"Delvis handlet det om å støtte fleksibilitet. Opplegget med åpen kildekode "
"hos Arduino gir brukere rett til å endre og lage mange forskjellige "
-"varianter, lagt på toppen av det grunnleggende bygget. David sier dette «"
-"endte opp med å styrke plattformen langt utover det vi til og med hadde "
+"varianter, lagt på toppen av det grunnleggende bygget. David sier dette "
+"«endte opp med å styrke plattformen langt utover det vi til og med hadde "
"tenkt å bygge»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
"kildekode gjør det enklere å stole på et produkt»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
"måter. Inntekter fra Tinker ble investert i å opprettholde og styrke Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
"selges."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
"pris, vil folk kjøpe det."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
"amatører, kunstnere, programmerere og fagfolk. Arduino tilbyr en wiki kalt "
"Playground (en wiki er der alle brukere kan redigere og legge til sider, "
"bidra til, og ha nytte av kollektive undersøkelser). Folk deler koden, "
-"kretsdiagrammer, veiledninger, gjør det selv-instruksjoner (DIY instructions:"
-" Do it yourself instructions) og tips og triks, og viser frem sine "
-"prosjekter. I tillegg er det et flerspråklig diskusjonsforum der brukere kan "
-"få hjelp til å bruke Arduino, diskutere temaer som robotikk, og komme med "
-"forslag til nye Arduino produktdesigner. I januar 2017 hadde 324 928 "
-"medlemmer laget 2 989 489 innlegg om 379 044 emner. Det verdensomspennende "
-"fellesskapet av bidragsytere har gitt en utrolig mengde tilgjengelig "
-"kunnskap til hjelp både for nybegynnere og eksperter."
+"kretsdiagrammer, veiledninger, gjør det selv-instruksjoner (DIY "
+"instructions: Do it yourself instructions) og tips og triks, og viser frem "
+"sine prosjekter. I tillegg er det et flerspråklig diskusjonsforum der "
+"brukere kan få hjelp til å bruke Arduino, diskutere temaer som robotikk, og "
+"komme med forslag til nye Arduino produktdesigner. I januar 2017 hadde 324 "
+"928 medlemmer laget 2 989 489 innlegg om 379 044 emner. Det "
+"verdensomspennende fellesskapet av bidragsytere har gitt en utrolig mengde "
+"tilgjengelig kunnskap til hjelp både for nybegynnere og eksperter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
"kunder, men som også var høy nok til å opprettholde virksomheten."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
"For en bedrift er å ikke være i rødt ved slutten av året en suksess. Arduino "
"kan ha en åpen lisensstrategi, men de er fortsatt en bedrift, og alt som er "
-"nødvendig for å kunne drive den vellykket, gjelder fortsatt. David sier, «"
-"Hvis du gjør disse andre tingene bra, kan å dele ting med åpen kildekode "
+"nødvendig for å kunne drive den vellykket, gjelder fortsatt. David sier, "
+"«Hvis du gjør disse andre tingene bra, kan å dele ting med åpen kildekode "
"bare hjelpe deg»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
"den nye versjonen er like fri og åpen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
"bruker og innlemmer i nye produkter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
"gi den ekstra funksjoner) og byggesett.1)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"folks problemer. Samfunnet vokste organisk derfra."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
"lavkvalitetskopier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
"varemerke-lisensiering ble Arduinos inntektsgenererende modell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
"merkevarebygging har vært et kritisk verktøy for Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"kompatible og forfalskninger.2)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
"lage ting som hjelper andre mennesker å lage ting»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
"en ferdighet som alle burde lære»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
"produksjon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241
msgid "Web links"
msgstr "Linker til nettet"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr "## Ártica"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
"og kultur. Grunnlagt i 2011 i Uruguay."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr "www.articaonline.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr "Inntektsmodell: Betaling for tilpassede tjenester"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr "Dato for intervju: 9. mars 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr "Intervjuobjekter: Mariana Fossatti og Jorge Gemetto, medgrunnleggere"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Profilen skrevet av Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
"en de har bygget selv."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr "Drømmejobbene deres eksisterer ikke, så de laget dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
"Internettet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
"eller mellommenn."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
"Ártica tilbyr tilpasset utdanning og konsulenttjenester og hjelper kundene "
"gjennomføre prosjekter. Alle disse tjenestene er tilpasset. De kaller det en "
"\"artisan\" prosess på grunn av den tid og det krefter det tar for å "
-"tilpasse sitt arbeid til de spesielle behovene til studenter og kunder. \""
-"Hver student eller kunden betaler for en bestemt løsning på hans eller "
+"tilpasse sitt arbeid til de spesielle behovene til studenter og kunder. "
+"\"Hver student eller kunden betaler for en bestemt løsning på hans eller "
"hennes problemer og spørsmål,\" sier Mariana. I stedet for å selge tilgang "
"til innholdet sitt, de gir det gratis, og tar betalt for de "
"tilpasningstjenestene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
"emner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
"mindre prosjekter på oppdrag fra enkeltartister."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
"hver ny ressurs de lager åpner nye dører."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
"skal være viral,\" sa Jorge. For dem er å gi andre rett til å gjenbruke og "
"remikse innholdet en grunnleggende verdi. \"Hvordan kan du tilby en "
"nettbasert pedagogisk tjeneste uten å gi tillatelse til å laste ned, lage og "
-"beholde kopier eller skrive ut de pedagogiske ressursene?\" Jorge sier: \""
-"Hvis vi ønsker å gjøre det best for våre studenter - de som stoler på oss "
+"beholde kopier eller skrive ut de pedagogiske ressursene?\" Jorge sier: "
+"\"Hvis vi ønsker å gjøre det best for våre studenter - de som stoler på oss "
"til det punktet at de er villige til å betale på nettet uten ansikt til "
"ansikt kontakt - har vi bare å tilby dem en hederlig og etisk avtale.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
"til å åpne opp nye muligheter for sin virksomhet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
"til et mer sammensatt produkt, som et kurs eller en bok.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
"mange måter er prosessen for dem like viktig som sluttproduktet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
"\"Materialer og innhold er flytende. Den viktige tingen er relasjonene.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
"sine kunnskaper."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
"Kjernen i alt Ártica gjør er et sett verdier. \"Godt innhold ikke er nok,\" "
"sa Jorge. \"Vi tror også at det er svært viktig å ta et standpunkt for noe i "
-"kultursektoren.\" Mariana og Jorge er aktivister. De forsvarer fri kultur ("
-"bevegelsen som fremmer frihet til å endre og distribuere kreativt arbeid) og "
-"arbeider for å vise skjæringspunktet mellom fri kultur og andre bevegelser "
-"for sosial rettferdighet. Innsatsen deres for å involvere mennesker i sitt "
-"arbeid og aktivere kunstnere og kulturinstitusjoner til å bedre bruken av "
-"teknologi er tett knyttet til deres holdninger. Til syvende og sist, det som "
-"driver deres arbeid er målet om å demokratisere kunst og kultur."
+"kultursektoren.\" Mariana og Jorge er aktivister. De forsvarer fri kultur "
+"(bevegelsen som fremmer frihet til å endre og distribuere kreativt arbeid) "
+"og arbeider for å vise skjæringspunktet mellom fri kultur og andre "
+"bevegelser for sosial rettferdighet. Innsatsen deres for å involvere "
+"mennesker i sitt arbeid og aktivere kunstnere og kulturinstitusjoner til å "
+"bedre bruken av teknologi er tett knyttet til deres holdninger. Til syvende "
+"og sist, det som driver deres arbeid er målet om å demokratisere kunst og "
+"kultur."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
"den er en suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
"mening og hensikt, og gjøre det bærekraftig og i samarbeid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
"det ser ut.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr "## Blender Institute"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
"programvare. Grunnlagt i 2006 i Nederland."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr "www.blender.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
"kopier, varesalg"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr "Dato for intervju: 8 mars 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr "Intervjuet: Francesco Siddi, produksjonsleder"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
"for Blender og Blenders fellesskap helt konkret."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
"sammen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"verktøyet ditt til å lage innhold, så gjør du ikke noenting.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
"tilgjengelig under GNU General Public License."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
"å fremme et fellesskap av utviklere slik at prosjektet kunne leve.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
"vedlikeholdet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
"av høy kvalitet, de skulle forbedre Blenders programvare i prosessen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"var som \"jeg må se det for å tro det\".\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
"figurene ble plukket opp av markedsførere."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
"alltid kan ansette dem på grunn av budsjettbegrensninger.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
"fellesskap som ser og forstår fordelen med disse prosjektene,\" sa Francesco."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
"Mens disse fordelene fra hvert åpen-film-prosjekt får en et overbevisende "
"grunnlag for folkefinansierings-kampanjer, fortalte Francesco oss. Blender "
"Institute har funnet noen begrensninger i den standard folkefinansierings-"
-"modellen der man legger frem et bestemt prosjekt og ber om finansiering. \""
-"Når et prosjekt er over, drar alle hjem,\" sa han. \"Det er mye moro, men så "
-"slutter det. Det er et problem.\""
+"modellen der man legger frem et bestemt prosjekt og ber om finansiering. "
+"\"Når et prosjekt er over, drar alle hjem,\" sa han. \"Det er mye moro, men "
+"så slutter det. Det er et problem.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
"biblioteker med rollemodeller og andre ressurser til bruk i ulike prosjekter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
"kunstnere er frihet alt.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
"skjorter og andre Blender produkter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
"Å selge en lisens har aldri vært en del av forretningsmodellen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"ferdigheter, tid og budsjett å reprodusere hva du gjorde,\" sa Ton."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr "For Ton og Blender, går alt tilbake til hva du gjør."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr "## Cards Against Humanity"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
"populært fest-spill ved samme navn. Grunnlagt i USA i 2011."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr "Inntektsmodell: Betaling for fysiske kopier"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr "Dato for intervju: 3 februar 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr "Intervjuet: Max Temkin, medgrunnlegger"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
"inn,\" sa Max."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
"spillet Apples to Apples. For å spille, stiller en spiller et spørsmål eller "
"fyller-inn-feltet- påstanden fra et svart kort, og de andre spillerne sender "
"sine morsomste hvite kort som svar. Haken er at alle kortene er fylt med "
-"grove, grusomme og ellers forferdelig ting. For den rette typen folk (\""
-"fryktelige,\" ifølge Cards Against Humanitys reklame), blir dette et artig "
-"og morsomt spill."
+"grove, grusomme og ellers forferdelig ting. For den rette typen folk "
+"(\"fryktelige,\" ifølge Cards Against Humanitys reklame), blir dette et "
+"artig og morsomt spill."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
"temapakker samt internasjonale utgaver."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
"loggføre tallene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
"same noncommercial terms. The ability to adapt the game is like an entire "
"new game unto itself."
msgstr ""
-"Spillet er tilgjengelig med en Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-lisens ("
-"CC BY-NC-SA). Det betyr, i tillegg til å kopiere spillet, at alle kan lage "
+"Spillet er tilgjengelig med en Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-lisens "
+"(CC BY-NC-SA). Det betyr, i tillegg til å kopiere spillet, at alle kan lage "
"nye versjoner av spillet så lenge de gjør det tilgjengelig på de samme ikke-"
"kommersielle vilkårene. Muligheten til å tilpasse spillet, er som et helt "
"nytt spill i seg selv."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
"spillet solid kultstatus."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
"utgitt offisielt i mai 2011."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
"dette til en kontinuerlig virksomhet. \"På en måte hendte det bare,\" sa han."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
"virksomhet som kaller OSS-en på sin hjemmeside: \"Dine dumme spørsmål.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
"salg der Everything Costs \\$5 More."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
"oppfattet helt klart spøken.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
"om hva du gjør.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
"å gjøre den vellykket. De fikk inn \\$70,000 på én dag."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
"det er så mange fordeler.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
"laget. I dag finnes det tusenvis av utvidelser fra tilhengere av spillet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
"aldri brukt en krone på markedsføring.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"det. Det har bare vært en håndfull tilfeller der de har måttet hyre advokat."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
"er faktisk mye arbeid og ordklyving.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
"lager sine egne tilpasninger til spillet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
"sa han."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
"spillet inn i det.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
"penger fra kunder."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
"hvem du er og hvorfor du gjør ting.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr "## The Conversation"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
"2011 i Australia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr "theconversation.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
"kontingent for å ha sine fakulteter som forfattere), donasjonsfinansiering"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr "Intervjuet: Andrew Jaspan, grunnlegger"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"journalistikk. Andrew forpliktet seg til å koke opp en alternativ modell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
"det spekulative."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"større offentlighet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"sitater, og skriver hva enn de måtte ønske."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"publiseres i Conversation lisensieres åpent med Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
"deres er enkel: Å gi leserne en pålitelig kilde til bevisbasert informasjon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"nytt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Conversation gjør."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
"News."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
"Conversation at de ønsket å opprette et offentlig gode i stedet for å tjene "
"penger på informasjonen. De fleste medieselskaper arbeider med å samle så "
"mange øyne som mulig for salg av annonser. Conversation-stifterne ønsket "
-"ikke den modellen. De har ingen reklame og er et ikke-for-profitt "
-"-foretagende."
+"ikke den modellen. De har ingen reklame og er et ikke-for-profitt -"
+"foretagende."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
"universitetsforskere fra enda flere deler av verden."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
"dekning og funksjoner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
"med plass i det redaksjonelle rådgivende styre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
"lesere per artikkel."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
"et selskap om et emne."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
"vise at de er verdifulle."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
"samtidig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409
msgid "Web link"
msgstr "Nettlenke"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr "theconversation.com/us/charter"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr "## Cory Doctorow"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
"journalist med base i USA."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr "craphound.com og boingboing.net"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
"av rettigheter til bokoversettelser"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr "Dato for intervju: 12 januar, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
"antall timer fordi det er det aller viktigste jeg vet hvordan skal gjøres.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
"ting folk tilfeldigvis liker, for så å ikke være i veien når de deler det."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"i Internett-alderen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
"modeller for sitt arbeid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
"det jeg gjør, ville bli borte.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
"understreker han hvor viktig det er å ikke bli kunstner, hvis målet ditt er "
"å bli rik. \"Å velge kunsten fordi du ønsker å bli rik er som å kjøpe lodd, "
"fordi du vil bli rik,\" skrev han. \"Det kan fungere, men det vil nesten "
-"helt sikkert ikke gjøre det. Selvfølgelig vinner dog noen alltid lotteriet.\""
-" Han erkjenner at han er en av de heldige få som \"får det til\", men han "
-"sier han vil skrive samme hva. \"Jeg er nødt til å skrive,\" skrev han. \""
-"Lenge før jeg skrev for å få mat på bordet og tak over hodet, skrev jeg for "
-"å holde meg selv normal.\""
+"helt sikkert ikke gjøre det. Selvfølgelig vinner dog noen alltid lotteriet."
+"\" Han erkjenner at han er en av de heldige få som \"får det til\", men han "
+"sier han vil skrive samme hva. \"Jeg er nødt til å skrive,\" skrev han. "
+"\"Lenge før jeg skrev for å få mat på bordet og tak over hodet, skrev jeg "
+"for å holde meg selv normal.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
"verdensbilde."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
"han."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
"gratis i et format hvis spredning var et tegn i tiden.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
"sier de at det er som følge av hans etablerte forfatterskap."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
"det er oppsiktsvekkende hvor mange som ikke synes det\"."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"usannsynlig, så jeg bør ta all den hjelp jeg kan få."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"uprofesjonelle oversettelser tilgjengelig gratis."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"presenterer muligheten for at jeg får noe tilbake.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
"hensikt å gavne deg.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"over hans arbeide å gjøre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"eksperiment ut i livet snart."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"av ditt arbeide.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
"an å lage ting, og hvordan man får dem inn i andre folks sinn og hender\"."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr "Det har aldri vært lettere å rette tankene i løvetannens baner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr "## Figshare"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
"Storbritannia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr "figshare.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
"Inntektesmodell: Plattform som tilbyr betalte tjenester til "
"innholdsleverandører"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr "Dato for intervju: 28. januar 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr "Intervjuet: Mark Hahnel, grunnlegger"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"vitenskapelig disiplinpublisering ikke tillater."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
"fortjeneste, være og stole på? Svar har utviklet seg over tid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
"karriere."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"alle. Dernest begynte han å arbeide med en løsning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
"originalobjektet for å sikre at forskningen kan siteres på lang sikt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
"Mark valgte digitale objektidentifikatorer (DOI-er) for å møte behovet for "
"vedvarende identifikatorer. I DOI-systemet, blir et objekts metadata lagret "
"som en serie nummer i DOI-navnet. Å referere til et objekt ved sitt DOI er "
-"mer stabilt enn å bruke nettadressen, fordi plasseringen av et objekt ("
-"nettsiden eller -adressen) ofte kan endre seg. Mark gikk i partnerskap med "
+"mer stabilt enn å bruke nettadressen, fordi plasseringen av et objekt "
+"(nettsiden eller -adressen) ofte kan endre seg. Mark gikk i partnerskap med "
"DataCite for å tilby DOI-er for forskningsdata."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"BY (Attribution) for figurer, videoer og datasett."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
"han åpnet det opp for dem også."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
"Mark MIT-lisensen, men GNU og Apache-lisenser kan også brukes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"for premiumfordeler, funksjonalitet eller virituelle eiendeler.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
"Du lisensiere det. Du krediteres. Vi sikre bare at det varer.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
"funksjonaliteten."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
"Creative Commons-lisenser for dataene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
"institusjoner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
"bibliotekarer og administratorer, samt av forskerne."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
"ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
"uten noen negative konsekvenser, bestemte han seg å følge etter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
"flere forskere og institusjoner vil gjøre den til sin valgte lisens."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
"interessant graf, hvilket enhver seer kan endre ved å endre variablene.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"tilbys muligheten til å bruke Creative Commons-lisenser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"lisensiering at Figshare nå brukes av allmenningen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
"bruken av Figshare av andre, inkludert Wikipedia og nyhetskilder."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"stand til å samarbeide og gjøre nye funn."
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid ""
"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
-"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\"
-"_universities/1186832"
+"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
+"\\_universities/1186832"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid ""
"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
-"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\"
-"_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
+"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
+"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr "figshare.com/features"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr "## Figure.NZ"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
"dataplattform myntet på å gjøre data gjenbrukbar og enkel å forstå seg på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr "figure.nz"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
"bidragsytere, legatmidler"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr "Dato for intervju: 3. mai 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr "Intervjuet: Lillian Grace, grunnlegger"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
"virkelig tilgjengelig for alle, med spesielt fokus på New Zealand."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
"du ofte må betale for."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
"tjenester til dem som ønsker å åpne sine data og presentere dem visuelt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
"Hvordan fungerer det? Figure.NZ datakilder fra andre organisasjoner, "
"inkludert bedrifter, offentlige dataarkiv, etater og akademikere. Figure.NZ "
-"importerer og ekstraherer data, og deretter validerer og standardiserer det -"
-" med et klart øye for det vil være best for brukere. Deretter gjør de data "
+"importerer og ekstraherer data, og deretter validerer og standardiserer det "
+"- med et klart øye for det vil være best for brukere. Deretter gjør de data "
"tilgjengelige med en rekke standardiserte skjemaer, både lesbare både for "
"mennesker og maskiner, og med innholdsinformasjon om kildene, lisensene og "
-"typer data. Figure.NZ har et diagram-designer-verktøy som lager enkel strek-"
-", linje-, og område-grafikk fra en datakilde. Grafene posteres til Figure.NZ "
-"sitt nettområde, og de kan også eksporteres i en rekke formater for utskrift "
-"eller til Internett bruk. Figure.NZ gjør sine data og grafer tilgjengelige "
-"med Attribution (CC BY) lisenser. Dette gjør at andre kan bruke, endre, "
-"remikse og distribuere Figure.NZ-data og -grafer så lenge de henviser til "
-"den opprinnelige kilden og Figure.NZ."
+"typer data. Figure.NZ har et diagram-designer-verktøy som lager enkel "
+"strek-, linje-, og område-grafikk fra en datakilde. Grafene posteres til "
+"Figure.NZ sitt nettområde, og de kan også eksporteres i en rekke formater "
+"for utskrift eller til Internett bruk. Figure.NZ gjør sine data og grafer "
+"tilgjengelige med Attribution (CC BY) lisenser. Dette gjør at andre kan "
+"bruke, endre, remikse og distribuere Figure.NZ-data og -grafer så lenge de "
+"henviser til den opprinnelige kilden og Figure.NZ."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
"Figure.NZ's beslutning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
"en vokter og kilde til å stole på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
"få verdi fra dataene og de visuelle fremstillingene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid ""
"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
"Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
"samlinger (slik de gjør fra bibliotekleverandører i dag)."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid ""
"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
-msgid "## Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681
+msgid "## SparkFun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
msgid ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
"Yancey Strickler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström "
"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry "
"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, "
-"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter O’"
-"Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr "
+"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter "
+"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr "
"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip "
"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, "
"Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, "
"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo "
"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika "
"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria "
-"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak "
-"S.Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia "
+"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S."
+"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia "
"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, "
"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William "
"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, "
"Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, Yves "
"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis og Joshua de Haan, "
"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
+
+#~ msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
+#~ msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
+
+#~ msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey og Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+
+#~ msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
+#~ msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:24-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:32+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-02-04 21:35+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Nathan Follens <nathan@email.is>\n"
-"Language-Team: Dutch "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/nl/>\n"
+"Language-Team: Dutch <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
+"translation/nl/>\n"
"Language: nl\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"X-Generator: Weblate 2.19-dev\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr "Paul Stacey en Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+msgstr "door Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5
msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7
msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "door Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9
msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
msgstr "© 2017, door Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12
msgid ""
"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
"SA), version 4.0."
"BY-SA), versie 4.0."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14
msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16
msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
msgstr "Omslag en intern ontwerp door Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18
msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
msgstr "Inhoudsbewerking door Grace Yaginuma"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20
msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
msgstr "Illustraties door Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22
msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
msgstr "E-boek beschikbaar voor downloaden op madewith.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24
msgid "Publisher:"
msgstr "Uitgever:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26
msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete boeken"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28
msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30
msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
msgstr "2200 Kopenhagen N"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32
msgid "Denmark"
msgstr "Denemarken"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34
msgid "www.cadb.dk"
msgstr "www.cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36
msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
msgstr "hey@cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38
msgid "Printer:"
msgstr "Drukker:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40
msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42
msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44
msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46
msgid "Poland"
msgstr "Polen"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
"Licentiedetails: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58
msgid ""
"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
"onze crowdfunding-campagne op Kickstarter.com."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
-"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
-"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
-"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
-"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
-"lives.”"
+"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that "
+"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays "
+"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also "
+"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length "
+"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our "
+"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*"
msgstr ""
"<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>\"Ik weet niet veel van niet-fictieve "
"journalistiek. . . De manier waarop ik aan dit soort dingen denk en wat ik "
"over allerlei soorten dingen dan de meesten van ons in ons dagelijks leven.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
-msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
-msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71
msgid "## Foreword"
msgstr "## Voorwoord"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
"zakelijke werkwijzen d.m.v. CC \"een rode haring.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
"einde zelf.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
"hoogstwaarschijnlijk niet. Ook al wilt iemand altijd de loterij.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
"vruchten oogsten van het volgen van hun passies."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166
msgid ""
"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202
msgid ""
"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216
msgid "## Introduction"
msgstr "## Inleiding"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
msgid ""
"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
#, fuzzy
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
+msgstr "### Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
#, fuzzy
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
+msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
msgid ""
-"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
+"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *\\[MARKET-BASED"
"\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
-msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
-msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
-msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
-msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
-msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
-msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
-msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
-msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
#, fuzzy
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
-msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
+msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid ""
"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid ""
"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid ""
"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid ""
"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
-msgid "## Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681
+msgid "## SparkFun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
msgid ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
msgstr ""
+#~ msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
+#~ msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
+
+#~ msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey en Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+
+#~ msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
+#~ msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
+
#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Made"
#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Gemaakt"
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:24-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:32+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-08-30 10:47+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Stanisław Krukowski <stdf021@riseup.net>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
"X-Generator: Weblate 2.17-dev\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Stworzone zgodnie z Creative Commons"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr "Paul Stacey i Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+msgstr "Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5
msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
msgstr "Made With Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7
msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9
msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
msgstr "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12
msgid ""
"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
"SA), version 4.0."
"wersja 4.0."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14
msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16
msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
msgstr "Okładka i projekt wewnętrzny: Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18
msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
msgstr "Edycja treści: Grace Yaginuma"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20
msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
msgstr "Ilustracje: Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22
msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
msgstr "E-book do pobrania z witryny: madewith.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24
msgid "Publisher:"
msgstr "Wydawca:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26
msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28
msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30
msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
msgstr "2200 Copenhagen N"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32
msgid "Denmark"
msgstr "Denmark"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34
msgid "www.cadb.dk"
msgstr "www.cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36
msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
msgstr "hey@cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38
msgid "Printer:"
msgstr "Druk:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40
msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42
msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44
msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46
msgid "Poland"
msgstr "Polska"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
"Szczegóły licencji: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58
msgid ""
"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
"finansowo-wydawniczą na platformie Kickstarter.com."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
-"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
-"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
-"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
-"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
-"lives.”"
+"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that "
+"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays "
+"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also "
+"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length "
+"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our "
+"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*"
msgstr ""
"\"Nie wiele wiem na temat dziennikarstwa z rodzaju literatury faktu... "
"Sposób, w jaki myślę o tych rzeczach, w kategoriach tego co mogę zrobić są "
"different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily lives.”"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
-msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
-msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71
msgid "## Foreword"
msgstr "## Przedmowa"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
"mianem \"fałszywego tropu\"."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
"sobie\"."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
"oczzywiście, ktoś zawsze na loterii wygrywa ... \"."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
"wartościami życiowymi."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
"pieniądze — robimy pieniądze, abyśmy mogli robić więcej dowcipów i gier”."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
"Creative Commons»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
"społeczności lokalne."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
"sprawach."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
"książka stała się lepsza, bardziej wnikliwa i pożyteczna."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
"modelu biznesowego."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
"Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
"with Creative Commons»."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166
msgid ""
"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
"dziedzictwa."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
"odbiorcami na całym świecie."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
"od kogoś, że »[...] to, co ty robisz, ma dla mnie wartość wyjątkową«”."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
"także — dwa tuziny dawek „czystej inspiracji”."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202
msgid ""
"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
"osób, których chcą poznać, i których czasami lubią”."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
"„To wszystko powstało z ludzi\"."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
"To jest właśnie prawdziwa wartość rzeczy, które „ ... są wykonane zgodnie z "
"Creative Commons”."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216
msgid "## Introduction"
msgstr "## Wprowadzenie"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
msgid ""
"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
msgid ""
-"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
+"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *\\[MARKET-BASED"
"\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
-msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
-msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
-msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
-msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
-msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
-msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
-msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
-msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.1665in"
"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid ""
"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid ""
"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid ""
"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid ""
"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
-msgid "## Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681
+msgid "## SparkFun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
msgid ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, "
"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
+#~ msgstr "Stworzone zgodnie z Creative Commons"
+
+#~ msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey i Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+
+#~ msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
+#~ msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:32-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:32+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-01-31 17:41+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Марс Ямбар <mjambarmeta@gmail.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: Ukrainian "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/uk/>\n"
+"Language-Team: Ukrainian <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
+"translation/uk/>\n"
"Language: uk\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<="
-"4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2;\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
+"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2;\n"
"X-Generator: Weblate 2.19-dev\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Зроблено з Creative Commons"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3
+msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5
msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7
msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9
msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12
msgid ""
-"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
-"BY-SA), version 4.0."
+"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
+"SA), version 4.0."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14
msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16
msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18
msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20
msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22
msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24
msgid "Publisher:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26
msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28
msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30
msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32
msgid "Denmark"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34
msgid "www.cadb.dk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36
msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38
msgid "Printer:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40
msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42
msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44
msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46
msgid "Poland"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58
msgid ""
"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69
msgid ""
-"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
-"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
-"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
-"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
-"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
-"lives.”"
+"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that "
+"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays "
+"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also "
+"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length "
+"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our "
+"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
-msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71
msgid "## Foreword"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
"so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, "
"she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her "
"sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our "
-"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, "
-"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating "
-"more."
+"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-"
+"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
-"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC "
-"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
+"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-"
+"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
"itself, an example of an open business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166
msgid ""
"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202
msgid ""
"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216
msgid "## Introduction"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral "
-"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and "
-"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the "
-"literature."
+"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—"
+"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote "
+"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
-"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something "
-"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and "
-"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with "
-"Creative Commons is not “business as usual.”"
+"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
+"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural "
+"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative "
+"Commons is not “business as usual.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
-"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main "
-"parts."
+"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
msgid ""
-"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by "
-"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, "
-"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared "
-"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking "
-"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing "
-"and enlarging the digital commons."
+"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
+"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
+"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the "
+"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market "
+"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
"of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section "
"outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed "
"bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their "
-"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they "
-"share."
+"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
msgid "# The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
-"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
-"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the "
-"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the "
-"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are "
-"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
+"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
+"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of "
+"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are "
+"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
+"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with "
-"commoning. Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social "
-"practice of commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a "
-"community of users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that "
-"balance the costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the "
-"community. Special regard is given to equitable access, use, and "
-"sustainability."
+"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. "
+"Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of "
+"commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of "
+"users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the "
+"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special "
+"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
msgid "#### Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
-"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human "
-"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or "
-"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
+"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
+"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, "
+"which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not "
-"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially "
-"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and "
-"abundant."
+"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
+"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
msgid "#### People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
msgid "#### Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
msgid "#### Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
-"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the "
-"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of "
-"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
+"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
+"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the "
+"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
"history."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
-"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to "
-"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources "
-"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies "
-"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money "
-"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws "
-"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and "
-"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a "
-"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how "
-"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed."
+"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
+"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became "
+"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved "
+"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating "
+"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were "
+"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over "
+"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of "
+"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is "
+"the primary means by which resources are managed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to "
"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then "
-"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support "
-"anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
+"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. "
+"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
-"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
-"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work "
-"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that "
-"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities "
-"without any regulation by central authorities or without "
-"privatization. Government and privatization are not the only two "
-"choices. There is a third way: management by the people, where those that "
-"are directly impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there "
-"is a regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with "
-"the natural resource, have the most direct relationship and history with it, "
-"and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the "
-"governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized the "
-"importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state for "
-"solving problems of collective action.14"
+"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
+"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying "
+"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural "
+"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without "
+"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government "
+"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: "
+"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are "
+"directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The "
+"people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have "
+"the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best "
+"situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural "
+"resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the "
+"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of "
+"collective action.14"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
-"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure "
-"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
+"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
+"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
"found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and "
"encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help "
"people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668
msgid ""
"{width=\"6.5in\" "
"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, "
"books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily "
"created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for "
-"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright "
-"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by "
-"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
+"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. "
+"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law "
+"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
"permission."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
-"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by "
-"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and "
-"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
+"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
+"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are "
+"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
"permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly "
"understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer "
"beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, "
"participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social "
-"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative "
-"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant "
-"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange "
-"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
+"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. "
+"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits "
+"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a "
+"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
"software movement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
"platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to "
"citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to "
"seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working "
-"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government "
-"reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure "
-"works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid "
-"for them."
+"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. "
+"Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works "
+"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for "
+"them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
msgid "### The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where "
-"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. "
-"Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly "
-"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital "
-"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything "
-"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
+"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-"
+"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but "
+"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are "
+"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
+"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
"Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the "
"commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being "
"digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many "
-"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common "
-"goal. They aim for abundance over scarcity."
+"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
+"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
"benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are "
"benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business "
"goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, "
-"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, "
-"worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational "
-"forms offer alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these "
-"alternative market entities are changing the rules and norms of the "
-"market.32"
+"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-"
+"owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer "
+"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative "
+"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
-"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the "
-"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a "
-"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and "
-"commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or "
-"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with "
-"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been "
-"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a "
-"predefined model."
+"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-"
+"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business "
+"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons "
+"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting "
+"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative "
+"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
+"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but "
-"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, patrons "
-". . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn revenue "
-"available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to Bring In "
-"Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and each "
-"endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one "
-"way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to "
-"sustainability."
+"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, "
+"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn "
+"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to "
+"Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and "
+"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more "
+"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
+"paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
-"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before "
-"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front "
-"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no "
-"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM "
-"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to "
-"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way "
-"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and "
-"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
+"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
+"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without "
+"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of "
+"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees "
+"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage "
+"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the "
+"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes "
+"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set "
"of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more "
"than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are "
-"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are "
-"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. "
-"Develop trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be "
-"transparent. Defend the commons."
+"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. "
+"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; "
+"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
msgid "### Notes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
-"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, "
-"eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg "
-"(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
+"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
" City of Bologna, 2014),\n"
-" "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
+" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
" Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
"35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n"
" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n"
-" "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
+" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
" You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n"
" Questions at\n"
-" "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
+" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
"36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n"
" post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n"
-" "
-"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
+" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative "
"work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
"endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a "
-"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of "
-"it."
+"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want "
-"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could "
-"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to "
-"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business "
-"lens."
+"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. "
+"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book "
+"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
"looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those "
"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot "
"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It "
-"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and "
-"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
+"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. "
+"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going "
"day to day.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
"something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of "
"zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It "
"simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on "
-"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the "
-"work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” "
-"prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
+"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. "
+"If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting "
+"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
"counterproductive."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
"playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your "
"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money "
"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they "
-"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing "
-"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain "
-"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
+"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-"
+"resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and "
+"making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared "
"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from "
"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
-"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are "
-"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
+"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
+"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
"proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to "
"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
-"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon "
-"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following "
-"your work spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because "
-"we simply have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because "
-"a large following is at least a partial indicator of quality or "
-"usefulness.18"
+"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
+"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work "
+"spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply "
+"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large "
+"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
-"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the "
-"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public "
-"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities "
-"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, "
-"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most "
-"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the "
-"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, "
-"within both the marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect "
-"a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of "
-"circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is "
-"particularly the case for something as straightforward and consistent with "
-"basic notions of fairness as providing credit."
+"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
+"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does "
+"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give "
+"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social "
+"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate "
+"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms "
+"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the "
+"marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes "
+"on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people "
+"are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case "
+"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of "
+"fairness as providing credit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based "
"on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge "
-"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of "
-"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around "
-"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
+"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-"
+"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the "
+"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
"license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the "
"most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having "
"the most people see and cite your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560
msgid ""
-"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its "
-"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to "
-"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing "
-"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a "
-"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted "
-"information source is more valuable than ever."
+"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
+"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
+"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a "
+"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online "
+"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source "
+"is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of "
"catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical "
"goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more "
-"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the "
-"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), "
-"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version "
-"people bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
+"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. "
+"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free "
+"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
+"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, "
"transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, "
"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the "
-"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than "
-"others. With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the "
-"content is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the "
-"ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. "
+"With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content "
+"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to "
+"adapt a photo is less important."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
-"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their "
-"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive "
-"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence "
-"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is "
-"part of the event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more "
-"deeply tied to your work."
+"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
+"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, "
+"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as "
+"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the "
+"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied "
+"to your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
msgid "### Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
msgid ""
-"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *\\[MARKET-BASED"
+"\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 "
"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services "
-"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” "
-"Mann."
+"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
-msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
+msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
-msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face "
-"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the "
-"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
+"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-"
+"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
-msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
+msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the "
"offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a "
"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 "
-"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay "
-"for—there are other services you can provide as well."
+"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—"
+"there are other services you can provide as well."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
-msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
+msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the "
"number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become "
"essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
-"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative "
-"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser "
-"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the "
-"overall endeavor."
+"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. "
+"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be "
+"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall "
+"endeavor."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
-msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
+msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
-"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by "
-"others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing "
-"charge” of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library "
-"of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
+"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. "
+"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” "
+"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of "
+"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have "
"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation "
"website."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
-msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
+msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
-"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through "
-"CC-licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue "
-"when creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other "
-"platforms make money when service providers transact with their customers; "
-"for example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a "
-"maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
+"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-"
+"licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when "
+"creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms "
+"make money when service providers transact with their customers; for "
+"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker "
+"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
-msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
-msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
+msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
-"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open "
-"content. Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something "
-"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as "
-"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are "
-"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, "
-"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
+"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. "
+"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are "
+"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of "
+"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally "
+"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in "
+"situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply "
"wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this "
-"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the "
-"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of "
-"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building "
-"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art "
-"of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
+"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. "
+"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her "
+"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her "
+"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of "
+"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
-"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major "
-"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
+"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
+"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
"definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets "
"tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and "
"to the idea of open access generally."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into "
"what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I "
-"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative "
-"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright "
-"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of "
-"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
+"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. "
+"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in "
+"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
+"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
-"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with "
-"them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone "
-"is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are "
-"a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
+"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. "
+"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is "
+"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a "
+"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the "
"glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful "
"way."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make "
"the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are "
-"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In "
-"business-speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the "
-"public.44 But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-"
+"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But "
+"it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
-"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to "
-"lowest-common-denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of "
-"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple "
-"as asking for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions "
-"you make, even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is "
-"time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to actually respond to "
-"the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting input in the first "
-"place.48 But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity "
-"of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people "
-"involved and invested in what you do."
+"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
+"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that "
+"cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking "
+"for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, "
+"even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you "
+"don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it "
+"can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get "
+"it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps "
+"endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested "
+"in what you do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068
msgid ""
-"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a "
-"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that "
-"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
+"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
+"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
+"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better "
"than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that "
"people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to "
"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any "
"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and "
-"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that "
-"people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most "
-"often, they do."
+"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—"
+"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, "
+"they do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089
msgid ""
-"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like "
-"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even "
-"if you happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you "
-"are better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, "
-"too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends "
-"him. Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to "
-"communicate with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she "
-"talks.54"
+"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
+"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
+"happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are "
+"better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. "
+"Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. "
+"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate "
+"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106
msgid ""
-"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in "
-"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too "
-"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
+"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
+"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
+"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
"customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors "
"are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important "
"to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
"create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people "
"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 "
"To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically "
-"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to "
-"like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by "
-"using CC."
+"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-"
+"minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using "
+"CC."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
-"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their "
-"own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group "
-"(which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), "
-"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona "
-"fides.”61 Building true community requires giving people within the "
-"community the power to create or influence the rules that govern the "
-"community.62 If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, "
-"people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to "
-"disengagement."
+"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. "
+"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which "
+"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable "
+"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building "
+"true community requires giving people within the community the power to "
+"create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are "
+"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a "
+"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
"than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they "
"invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional "
"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for "
-"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the "
-"picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and "
-"involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to "
-"input was the writing, the music itself.”71"
+"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. "
+"Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement "
+"with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was "
+"the writing, the music itself.”71"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in "
"your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and "
"information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) "
-"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something "
-"plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
+"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—"
+"and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
-"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the "
-"project. Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be "
-"Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what "
-"they do. The goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from "
-"thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition "
-"them into active participants.75"
+"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. "
+"Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but "
+"every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The "
+"goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of "
+"consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into "
+"active participants.75"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
-"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses "
-"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed "
-"materials."
+"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. "
+"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430
msgid ""
"{width=\"4.198in\" "
"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
-"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with "
-"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the "
-"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both "
-"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the "
-"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they "
-"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing."
+"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other "
+"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain "
+"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content "
+"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code "
+"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their "
+"involvement with and commitment to sharing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make "
"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
"commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a "
-"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC "
-"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you "
-"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film "
-"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length "
-"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
+"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-"
+"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply "
+"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company "
+"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or "
+"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant "
-"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to "
-"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you "
-"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs "
-"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative "
-"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial "
-"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the "
-"dream of having a major record label discover their work."
+"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. "
+"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in "
+"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license "
+"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The "
+"music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were "
+"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having "
+"a major record label discover their work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579
msgid ""
-"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design "
-"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work "
-"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would "
-"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about "
-"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source "
-"product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a "
-"product.”"
+"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
+"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
+"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive "
+"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open "
+"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product "
+"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
-"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still "
-"apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an "
-"open-source way can only help you.”"
+"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. "
+"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-"
+"source way can only help you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says "
-"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does "
-"matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino "
-"team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by "
-"conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the "
-"platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant "
-"to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from "
-"there."
+"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—"
+"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had "
+"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting "
+"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make "
+"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and "
+"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
-"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial "
-"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s "
-"revenue-generating model."
+"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. "
+"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-"
+"generating model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up "
"certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the "
-"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is "
-"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open "
-"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send "
-"In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
+"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. "
+"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing "
+"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the "
+"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played "
"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, "
"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
-"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
-"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both "
-"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for "
-"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology "
-"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
+"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
+"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were "
+"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts "
+"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and "
+"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
"Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people "
"and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now "
-"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each "
-"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students "
-"and offer classes on more specialized topics."
+"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. "
+"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer "
+"classes on more specialized topics."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831
msgid ""
-"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
-"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
-"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find "
-"inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a "
-"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge "
-"said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple "
-"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, "
-"like a course or a book.”"
+"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
+"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
+"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. "
+"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, "
+"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first "
+"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can "
+"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign "
"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible "
-"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he "
-"said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
+"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. "
+"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
-"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on "
-"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale "
-"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized "
-"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it "
-"needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film "
-"projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many "
-"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget "
-"constraints.”"
+"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. "
+"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the "
+"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but "
+"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on "
+"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the "
+"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with "
+"us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
-"the software and the content produced with the software free and "
-"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
+"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. "
+"Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
-"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
-"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit "
-"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards "
-"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right "
-"kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
+"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
+"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their "
+"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are "
+"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind "
+"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101
msgid ""
-"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
-"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
-"make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
+"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
+"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
+"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
-"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with "
-"it. People totally caught the joke.”"
+"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
+"People totally caught the joke.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
-"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
-"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia."
+"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
+"Founded in 2011 in Australia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the "
-"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce "
-"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism "
-"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative "
-"model."
+"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. "
+"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t "
+"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These "
"were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the "
-"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in "
-"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, "
-"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what "
-"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was "
-"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass "
-"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and "
-"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of "
-"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a "
-"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower "
-"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, "
-"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an "
-"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to "
-"the wider public."
+"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. "
+"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists "
+"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a "
+"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or "
+"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want "
+"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect "
+"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, "
+"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—"
+"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal "
+"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but "
+"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good "
+"at presenting their expertise to the wider public."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic "
"into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
"difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a "
-"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is "
-"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes "
-"and writing whatever they want."
+"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. "
+"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing "
+"whatever they want."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
-"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
-"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better "
-"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better "
-"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of "
-"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is "
-"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based "
-"information."
+"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
+"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of "
+"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public "
+"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information "
+"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide "
+"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
"others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the "
"content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites "
"have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 "
-"million unique views per month, but through republication they have "
-"thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the "
-"Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central "
-"to everything the Conversation does."
+"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-"
+"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative "
+"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to "
+"everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
-"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he "
-"said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing "
-"this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
+"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. "
+"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this "
+"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
"important thing I know how to do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about "
"technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several "
"nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be "
-"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet "
-"age."
+"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
-"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
-"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a "
-"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of "
-"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He "
-"calls it Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that "
-"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your "
-"benefit.”"
+"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
+"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular "
+"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over "
+"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it "
+"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to "
+"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of "
-"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and "
-"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
+"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code"
+"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
"is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does "
"not allow."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625
msgid ""
-"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
-"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
-"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s "
-"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets "
-"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
+"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
+"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
+"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with "
+"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY "
+"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
-"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
-"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the "
-"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too."
+"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
+"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he "
+"opened it up for them to use, too."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673
msgid ""
-"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
-"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
-"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the "
-"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having "
-"to develop this functionality as part of their own "
-"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the "
-"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to "
-"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides research-data "
-"infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer "
-"Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them "
-"to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
+"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
+"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
+"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. "
+"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop "
+"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data "
+"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-"
+"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. "
+"Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of "
+"publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, "
+"to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for "
+"the data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
-"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
-"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the "
-"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United "
-"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to "
-"be pulled into an app developed by a completely different researcher that "
-"converts the data into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can "
-"alter by changing any of the variables.2"
+"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
+"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal "
+"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid "
+"to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into "
+"an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data "
+"into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing "
+"any of the variables.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an "
-"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and "
-"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
+"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-"
+"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
"presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what "
"license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option "
"of using Creative Commons licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of "
"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied "
"solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would "
-"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were "
-"early-career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders "
-"mandated open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
+"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-"
+"career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated "
+"open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping "
-"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the "
-"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark "
-"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If "
-"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a "
-"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key "
-"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting "
-"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new "
-"discoveries."
+"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—"
+"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees "
+"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was "
+"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. "
+"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. "
+"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to "
+"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
-msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
+msgid ""
+"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
+"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
-msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
+msgid ""
+"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
+"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
-"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
-"Zealand."
+"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
"said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available "
"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this "
"meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that "
-"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that "
-"matter—not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, "
-"their businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
+"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—"
+"not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their "
+"businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
"availability and accessibility of information. Data is spread across "
"thousands of sites and is held within databases and spreadsheets that "
"require both time and skill to engage with. To use data when making a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
"perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds "
"of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to "
"collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and "
-"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision "
-"making. Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes "
-"that it is underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ "
-"is focused on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money "
-"allocated to collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful "
-"and generates value. If the government wants citizens to understand why "
-"certain decisions are being made and to be more aware about what the "
-"government is doing, why not transform the data it collects into easily "
-"understood visuals? It could even become a way for a government or any "
-"organization to differentiate, market, and brand itself."
+"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. "
+"Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is "
+"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused "
+"on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to "
+"collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates "
+"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions "
+"are being made and to be more aware about what the government is doing, why "
+"not transform the data it collects into easily understood visuals? It could "
+"even become a way for a government or any organization to differentiate, "
+"market, and brand itself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
-"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those "
-"areas. Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
+"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
+"Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
"environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, "
"tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and "
"graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or "
-"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for "
-"them. Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
+"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. "
+"Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can "
"you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond "
"quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would "
-"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on "
-"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for "
-"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are "
-"interested in."
+"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure."
+"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be "
+"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
-msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
+msgid ""
+"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
-msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
+msgid ""
+"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
+"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by "
-"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license "
-"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or "
-"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest "
-"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be "
-"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no "
-"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to "
-"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print "
-"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances "
-"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts "
-"as a marketing vehicle for the print format."
+"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-"
+"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-"
+"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is "
+"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the "
+"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the "
+"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, "
+"Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books were 10 to "
+"20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the "
+"Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for "
+"the print format."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the "
"first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed "
-"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and "
-"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
+"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-"
+"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
-"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a "
-"“book-processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an "
-"open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
+"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-"
+"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access "
+"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
"size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small "
"packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, "
-"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per "
-"package. Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least "
-"six of the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book "
-"was just under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten "
-"months. It started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having "
-"a library task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, "
-"getting the libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, "
-"unlatching."
+"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. "
+"Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of "
+"the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just "
+"under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It "
+"started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having a library "
+"task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, getting the "
+"libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
-"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 "
-"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in "
-"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three "
-"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the "
-"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second "
-"round, it took one month to get twenty-six."
+"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
+"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past "
+"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That "
+"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, "
+"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it "
+"took one month to get twenty-six."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231
msgid ""
-"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
-"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
-"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service "
-"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans "
-"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs "
-"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, "
-"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and "
-"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books."
+"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
+"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
+"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that "
+"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up "
+"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are "
+"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched "
+"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include "
+"unlatching journals and older books."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
-"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
-"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making "
-"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational "
-"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called "
-"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open "
-"general-education courses across eight colleges predominantly serving "
-"at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and "
-"collaborate to improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim "
-"exceeded those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, "
-"decreased to zero dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 "
-"to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round of "
-"funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in and "
-"benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see "
-"the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought "
-"further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them "
-"to define a plan to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That "
-"is when they decided to create Lumen Learning."
+"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
+"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
+"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more "
+"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, "
+"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope "
+"Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education "
+"courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with "
+"goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the "
+"courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the "
+"cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero "
+"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when "
+"compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of "
+"more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this "
+"project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this "
+"initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan "
+"to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they "
+"decided to create Lumen Learning."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and "
"offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead "
-"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf "
-"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good "
-"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving "
-"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they "
-"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in "
-"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and "
-"universities—"
+"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. "
+"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing "
+"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged "
+"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what "
+"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is "
+"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who "
-"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled "
-"student."
+"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not "
"put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in "
"technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights "
-"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a "
-"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has "
-"generated immense goodwill in the community."
+"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-"
+"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense "
+"goodwill in the community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
-"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the "
-"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students "
-"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the "
-"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up "
-"at the end of each page."
+"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the "
+"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a "
+"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and "
+"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of "
+"each page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the "
"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
-"the Virginia community college system, which is building out "
-"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar "
-"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its "
-"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on "
-"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number "
-"of students."
+"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. "
+"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-"
+"level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where "
+"there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, "
+"they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
-"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
-"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up "
-"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, "
-"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted "
-"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 "
-"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with "
-"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding "
-"with revenue."
+"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
+"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the "
+"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment "
+"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant "
+"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. "
+"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since "
"he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired "
-"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that "
-"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
+"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. "
+"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
"least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are "
"extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend "
"announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
"wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to "
"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your "
"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” "
-"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of "
-"time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
+"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. "
+"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
-"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he "
-"said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they "
-"need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other "
-"artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom "
-"songs for clients."
+"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. "
+"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and "
+"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes "
+"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for "
+"clients."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
msgid ""
-"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
-"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
-"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
+"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
+"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
+"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the "
"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired "
"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
msgid ""
-"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
-"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
-"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely "
-"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can "
-"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work "
-"is a living embodiment of these principles."
+"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
+"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
+"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes "
+"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the "
+"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living "
+"embodiment of these principles."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
-"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
-"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its "
-"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback "
-"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the "
-"relationship they have with their global community of designers."
+"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
+"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. "
+"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they "
+"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they "
+"have with their global community of designers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
"users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many "
"similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one "
"they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby "
-"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly "
-"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says "
-"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good "
-"for the platform."
+"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. "
+"This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this "
+"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for "
+"the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
"from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would "
"be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly "
-"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of "
-"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons "
-"without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for "
-"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how "
-"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require "
-"you to purchase the API Pro version."
+"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. "
+"Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without "
+"giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. "
+"You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it "
+"integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you "
+"to purchase the API Pro version."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776
msgid ""
-"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
-"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
+"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
+"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"percent to Noun Project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
-"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and "
-"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
+"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. "
+"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
-msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
+msgid ""
+"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
+"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
-"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
+"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
+"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are "
"central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY "
"(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901
msgid ""
-"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
-"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
-"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local "
-"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and "
-"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data "
-"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can "
-"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target "
-"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better "
-"understanding what is happening around them."
+"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
+"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
+"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing "
+"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but "
+"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a "
+"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help "
+"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It "
+"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is "
+"happening around them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on "
-"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an "
-"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into "
-"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, "
-"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
+"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-"
+"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two "
+"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and "
+"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
"members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the "
"benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members "
"are listed on their website.)2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
"has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is "
"one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier "
"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay "
-"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” "
-"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so "
-"they can attend as a form of professional development."
+"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-"
+"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can "
+"attend as a form of professional development."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975
msgid ""
-"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
-"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
-"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of "
-"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills "
-"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The "
-"training tends to generate high interest and commitment."
+"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
+"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
+"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data "
+"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by "
+"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training "
+"tends to generate high interest and commitment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
-msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
+msgid ""
+"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015
msgid ""
-"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
-"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
-"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s "
-"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic "
-"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international "
-"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
+"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
+"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
+"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data "
+"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were "
+"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which "
+"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set "
"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
"deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and "
-"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the "
-"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI "
-"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the "
-"brand."
+"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. "
+"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes "
+"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is "
-"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with "
-"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open "
-"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that "
-"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not "
-"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have "
-"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
+"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. "
+"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is "
+"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is "
+"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely "
+"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI "
+"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
"people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they "
"use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish "
-"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they "
-"offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
+"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. "
+"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
-msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
+msgid ""
+"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
-msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+msgid ""
+"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
+"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
-msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+msgid ""
+"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring "
"digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to "
-"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical "
-"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also "
-"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the "
-"goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an open "
-"license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start "
-"of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project "
-"dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the "
-"same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with "
-"Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
+"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. "
+"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. "
+"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They "
+"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it "
+"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for "
+"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
+"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The "
+"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a "
+"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
-"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing "
-"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of "
-"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital "
-"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still "
-"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the "
-"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons."
+"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. "
+"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design "
+"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing "
+"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold "
+"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel "
+"and settled on using Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s "
"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
-"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a "
-"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that "
-"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the "
-"design file."
+"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-"
+"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes "
+"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
-"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
-"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own "
-"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
+"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
+"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this "
+"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
"Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting "
"in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk "
"file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk "
-"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of "
-"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost "
-"and are typically apportioned as follows:"
+"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. "
+"Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and "
+"are typically apportioned as follows:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
-"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in "
-"people."
+"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
-"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
-"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
+"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
+"Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
-"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, "
-"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, "
-"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and "
-"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and "
-"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s "
-"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with "
-"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
+"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. "
+"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. "
+"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely "
+"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, "
+"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of "
+"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and "
+"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
-"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
-"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora "
-"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and "
-"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield "
-"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To "
-"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going "
-"to require philanthropic investment."
+"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
+"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, "
+"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, "
+"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. "
+"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and "
+"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic "
+"investment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
-"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to "
-"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the "
-"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has "
-"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to "
-"Sociology 2e, using these funds."
+"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. "
+"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they "
+"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already "
+"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, "
+"using these funds."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453
msgid ""
-"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
-"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
-"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting "
-"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no "
-"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still "
-"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving "
-"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax "
-"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their "
-"materials."
+"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
+"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
+"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what "
+"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide "
+"their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. "
+"OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through "
+"free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners "
+"are out there showcasing their materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. "
"Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and "
"use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break "
-"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns "
-"policy. This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles "
-"is virtually a hundred percent."
+"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. "
+"This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is "
+"virtually a hundred percent."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in "
-"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted "
-"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that "
-"is reasonable."
+"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. "
+"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is "
+"reasonable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
-"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
-"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author "
-"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is "
-"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of "
-"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them "
-"and they earn all the money up front."
+"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
+"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might "
+"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only "
+"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all "
+"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and "
+"they earn all the money up front."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole "
-"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on "
-"partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By "
-"enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic "
-"freedom."
+"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. "
+"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling "
+"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
-msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+msgid ""
+"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used "
"to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music "
"for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it "
-"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a "
-"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
+"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-"
+"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone "
-"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda "
-"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an "
-"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing "
-"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a "
-"natural fit."
+"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. "
+"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy "
+"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what "
+"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural "
+"fit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in "
"the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, "
"engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component "
-"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to "
-"listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” "
-"Amanda wrote."
+"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. "
+"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not "
-"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it "
-"differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t "
-"joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is "
-"joyful to you.”"
+"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. "
+"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to "
+"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to "
+"you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
-"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a "
-"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that "
-"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her "
-"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than "
-"forcing people to help her, she lets them."
+"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. "
+"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from "
+"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other "
+"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to "
+"help her, she lets them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
-msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766
+msgid ""
+"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
+"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
+"\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
-"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
-"U.S."
+"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
+"S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael "
"announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to "
"do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the "
-"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new "
-"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released "
-"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
+"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-"
+"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under "
+"Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, "
"genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, "
-"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to "
-"\\$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in "
-"2006, are just under \\$1,500."
+"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-"
+"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under "
+"\\$1,500."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
-"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing "
-"charges."
+"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on "
"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
"open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the "
-"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon "
-"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on "
-"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS "
-"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly "
-"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this "
-"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication."
+"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. "
+"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to "
+"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better "
+"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research "
+"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors "
+"to submit their work for publication."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871
msgid ""
-"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
-"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
-"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
+"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
+"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
+"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
"this aligns with how they think research content should be published and "
"disseminated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
-"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
-"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define "
-"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each "
-"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high "
-"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the "
-"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their "
-"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection "
-"online."
+"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
+"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete "
+"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This "
+"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from "
+"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started "
+"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with "
+"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119
msgid ""
-"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
-"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
-"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a "
-"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more "
-"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can "
-"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now "
-"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million "
-"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of "
-"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona "
-"Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see "
-"it in real life by visiting the actual museum."
+"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
+"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
+"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On "
+"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, "
+"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be "
+"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in "
+"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per "
+"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. "
+"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” "
+"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real "
+"life by visiting the actual museum."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
-"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
-"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound "
-"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
+"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
+"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by "
+"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license "
"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they "
"want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
-"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his "
-"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the "
-"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy "
-"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on "
-"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an "
-"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The "
-"Threatened Swan.3"
+"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. "
+"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in "
+"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire "
+"people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a "
+"kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet "
+"along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
"their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at "
"selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money "
"block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For "
-"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but "
-"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose "
-"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
+"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-"
+"foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of "
+"its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous "
"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their "
"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
msgid ""
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015"
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
+"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
+"award-2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
+msgid ""
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
+"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
-msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+msgid ""
+"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But "
"choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the "
-"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s "
-"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing "
-"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” "
-"and continued to grow their audience."
+"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. "
+"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online "
+"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to "
+"grow their audience."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on "
"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons "
"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, "
-"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run "
-"democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their "
-"readers make changes in their own lives and communities."
+"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. "
+"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make "
+"changes in their own lives and communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC "
"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, "
"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal "
-"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the "
-"case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but "
-"most of the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than "
-"we do.”"
+"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. "
+"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of "
+"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
-"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for "
-"help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
+"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. "
+"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching "
"their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, "
"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe "
"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more "
"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over "
-"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years "
-"ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
+"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. "
+"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable "
"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their "
"network to implement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
-"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
-"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people "
-"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
+"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
+"fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the "
+"ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
"is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but "
"of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
"transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and "
-"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a "
-"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based "
-"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they "
-"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions."
+"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-"
+"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on "
+"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to "
+"share and free from legal repercussions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
msgid ""
-"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
-"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
+"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
+"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A "
"single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including "
"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to "
"provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark "
-"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a "
-"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent "
-"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy "
-"negotiation, the government said no."
+"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-"
+"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for "
+"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the "
+"government said no."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
-"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
-"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per "
-"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
+"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
+"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned "
+"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open "
"license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to "
"do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the "
-"resources and support they need to achieve the education they "
-"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons "
-"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
+"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. "
+"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means "
+"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
"revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In "
"terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the "
"block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
-msgid "## Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681
+msgid "## SparkFun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
msgid ""
-"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
-"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
+"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
+"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
msgid ""
-"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan "
-"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were "
-"never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
+"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
+"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
+"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
"world.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
-"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your "
-"laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
+"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
+"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts "
-"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and "
-"support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP "
-"\\[intellectual property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they "
-"should be competing on.”"
+"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. "
+"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual "
+"property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be "
+"competing on.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
-"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
-"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to "
-"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on "
-"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core "
-"business."
+"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
+"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create "
+"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing "
+"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
"perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event "
"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and "
"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees "
-"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get "
-"face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with "
-"a human element, which makes it more meaningful."
+"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-"
+"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a "
+"human element, which makes it more meaningful."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and "
-"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the "
-"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and "
-"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been "
-"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain "
-"point, and we would design something to address it.”"
+"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. "
+"SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to "
+"build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to "
+"the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we "
+"would design something to address it.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
"public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a "
"particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people "
"contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are "
-"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you "
-"open-source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
+"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-"
+"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
-"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
-"U.S."
+"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
-"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford "
-"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next "
-"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national "
-"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention "
-"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were "
-"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and "
-"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at "
-"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous "
-"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was "
-"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to "
-"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the "
-"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, "
-"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only "
-"receiving bits and pieces of information."
+"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. "
+"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of "
+"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring "
+"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports "
+"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the "
+"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. "
+"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya "
+"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They "
+"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and "
+"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss "
+"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on "
+"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and "
+"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and "
+"pieces of information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to "
-"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating "
-"high-quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research "
-"drives everything we do.”"
+"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-"
+"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives "
+"everything we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate "
"volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language "
"and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three "
-"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master "
-"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate "
-"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original "
-"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version "
-"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this "
-"cycle eleven times."
+"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. "
+"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version "
+"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. "
+"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets "
+"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle "
+"eleven times."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
"use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including "
"teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in "
"working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help "
-"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of "
-"life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors "
-"to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The "
-"inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by "
-"people who are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, "
-"rather than ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to "
-"require zero training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, "
-"we found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, "
-"even if they have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials "
-"where you can push play and they will work.”"
+"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. "
+"Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to "
+"help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, "
+"but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who "
+"are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than "
+"ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero "
+"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we "
+"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they "
+"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can "
+"push play and they will work.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
-"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and "
-"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
+"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-"
+"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
"model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the "
"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators "
"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
-"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya "
-"said. “We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
-"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to "
-"sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new "
-"eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising "
-"channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which "
-"is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, "
-"the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can "
-"benefit a brand for many years to come."
+"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
+"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
+"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. "
+"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs "
+"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. "
+"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often "
+"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the "
+"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit "
+"a brand for many years to come."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044
msgid ""
-"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
-"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
-"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they "
-"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale "
-"their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game "
-"changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
+"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
+"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
+"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create "
+"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their "
+"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer "
+"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
-"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold "
-"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license "
-"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or "
-"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights "
-"holder was not readily available."
+"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. "
+"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly "
+"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in "
+"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not "
+"readily available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
-"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, "
-"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show "
-"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They "
-"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) "
-"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
+"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-"
+"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without "
+"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their "
+"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the "
+"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and "
"remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons "
"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
-"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC "
-"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
+"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-"
+"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
-"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific "
-"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
-"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
+"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. "
+"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire "
+"at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187
msgid ""
-"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
-"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
-"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, "
-"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become "
-"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
+"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
+"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
+"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create "
+"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more "
+"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually "
"involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member "
"engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening "
-"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that "
-"need."
+"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of "
-"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for "
-"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see "
-"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the "
-"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a "
-"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in "
-"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
+"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. "
+"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little "
+"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a "
+"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by "
+"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with "
+"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise "
"believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They "
"can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who "
-"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in "
-"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for "
-"music, a model that’s based on trust."
+"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. "
+"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, "
+"a model that’s based on trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
-"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
-"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of "
-"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people "
-"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
+"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
+"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the "
+"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to "
+"reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
-"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
-"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
+"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
+"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two "
-"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it "
-"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its "
-"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about "
-"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every "
-"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, "
-"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a "
-"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a "
-"particular organization."
+"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. "
+"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. "
+"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five "
+"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. "
+"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including "
+"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular "
+"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular "
+"organization."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by "
"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their "
"systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule "
-"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their "
-"system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to "
-"resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject "
-"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
+"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. "
+"The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve "
+"disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, "
+"talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
"Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community "
"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, "
"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together "
"in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a "
"million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes "
-"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single "
-"explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible "
-"diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of "
-"the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error "
-"in articles more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of "
-"Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to "
-"contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate "
-"financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
+"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. "
+"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of "
+"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English "
+"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles "
+"more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users "
+"are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to "
+"Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” "
+"Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United "
"States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the "
"reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is "
-"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give "
-"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
+"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. "
+"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
-"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
-"www.benkler.org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC "
-"BY-NC-SA)."
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
+"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
msgid ""
-"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
-"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. "
-"www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC "
-"BY-SA)."
+"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
+"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
+"models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
-"Collaborative, 2016. "
-"thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/."
+"Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-"
+"paradigm/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
msgid ""
-"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
-"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
+"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
+"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
-"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
-"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop "
-"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
+"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
+"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in "
+"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more "
"information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, "
-"2014). "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf."
+"2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
+"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
+"urban-commons1.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
-"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. "
-"hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
+"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
+"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
msgid ""
-"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
-"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
+"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
+"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
msgid ""
-"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a "
-"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
+"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
+"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
-"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
-"2009. ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
+"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
+"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
-"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
+"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
+"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
-"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
+"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
msgid ""
-"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
-"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
+"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
+"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
-"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
-"2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
+"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
+"www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at "
-"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
+"com/books/business-model-generation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
-"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, "
-"2014. pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed "
-"under CC BY-SA)."
+"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro."
+"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-"
+"SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
-"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. "
-"www.academia.edu/27143172/The\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader "
-"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
+"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
-"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” "
-"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/."
+"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/"
+"cathedral-bazaar/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
-msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
+msgid ""
+"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
msgid ""
-"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
-"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
+"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
+"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
-"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. "
-"society30.com/get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
+"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
msgid ""
-"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
-"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
+"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
msgid ""
-"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
-"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
+"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
+"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
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"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
-"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter "
-"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable "
-"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
+"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
+"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. "
+"Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737
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"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
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#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David "
"Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah "
"Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek "
-"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane "
-"K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La "
-"Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, "
-"Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, "
-"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique "
-"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, "
-"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. "
-"Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C "
-"Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo "
-"Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, "
-"Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie "
-"Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli "
-"Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique "
-"Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric "
-"Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, "
-"Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan "
-"Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan "
-"Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton "
-"Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix "
-"Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe "
-"Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, "
-"Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot "
-"Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois "
-"Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, "
-"Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel "
-"Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, "
-"Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de "
+"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. "
+"Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, "
+"Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, Dirk "
+"Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom "
+"Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, "
+"Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, "
+"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew "
+"Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon "
+"Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo "
+"Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar "
+"Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth "
+"Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy "
+"Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric "
+"Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric "
+"Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, "
+"Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin "
+"Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne "
+"Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix "
+"Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix "
+"Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, "
+"Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent "
+"Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, "
+"Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, "
+"François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric "
+"Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, "
+"Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary "
+"Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de "
"Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George "
"Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, "
"Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, "
"James Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James "
"Tyler, Jamie Finlay, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jan E Ellison, Jan Gondol, "
"Jan Sepp, Jan Zuppinger, Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, "
-"Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason "
-"E. Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy "
-"Bear Brown, JC Lara, Jean-Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, "
-"Jean-Philippe Turcotte, Jean-Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff "
-"De Cagna, Jeff Donoghue, Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff "
-"Rasalla, Jeff Ski Kinsey, Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen "
-"Garcia, Jens Erat, Jeppe Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, "
-"Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, "
-"Jessica Dickinson Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate "
-"Schingler, Jesús Longás Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim "
-"O’Flaherty, Jim Pellegrini, Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo "
-"Allum, Joachim Brandon LeBlanc, Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim "
-"Bang Larsen, Joan Rieu, Joanna Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi "
-"Sandfort, Joe Cardillo, Joe Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, "
-"Johan Meeusen, Johannes Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John "
-"Bevan, John C Patterson, John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John "
-"Huntsman, John Manoogian III, John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, "
-"John Pearce, John Shale, John Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John Weeks, "
-"John Wilbanks, John Worland, Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon Alberdi, Jon "
-"Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer Friborg, Jon Smith, "
-"Jonas Öberg, Jonas Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan "
-"Holst, Jonathan Lin, Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg "
-"Schwarz, Jose Antonio Gallego Vázquez, Joseph Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph "
-"Sullivan, Joseph Tucker, Josh Bernhard, Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP "
-"Rangaswami, Juan Carlos Belair, Juan Irming, Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo "
-"Marin Diaz, Judith Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, "
-"Julia Devonshire, Julian Fietkau, Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien "
-"Leroy, Juliet Chen, Julio Terra, Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin "
-"Grimes, Justin Jones, Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, "
-"K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara "
-"Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, "
-"Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, "
-"Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy "
-"Payne, Katie Lynn Daniels, Katie Meek, Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, "
-"Katriona Main, Kavan Antani, Keith Adams, Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, "
-"Kellie Higginbottom, Ken Friis Larsen, Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel "
-"Ratley, Kendra Byrne, Kerry Hicks, Kevin Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, "
-"Kevin Rumon, Kevin Shannon, Kevin Taylor, Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, "
-"Kiane l’Azin, Kianosh Pourian, Kiran Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, "
-"Konrad Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, "
-"Kristina Popova, Kristofer Bratt, Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt "
-"Whittemore, Kyle Pinches, Kyle Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane "
-"Rasberry, Larry Garfield, Larry Singer, Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, Laura "
-"Anne Brown, Laura Billings, Laura Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, Laurence "
-"Gonsalves, Laurent Muchacho, Laurie Racine, Laurie Reynolds, Lawrence "
-"M. Schoen, Leandro Pangilinan, Leigh Verlandson, Lenka Gondolova, Leonardo "
-"Bueno Postacchini, leonardo menegola, Lesley Mitchell, Leslie Krumholz, "
-"Leticia Britos Cavagnaro, Levi Bostian, Leyla Acaroglu, Liisa Ummelas, Lilly "
-"Kashmir Marques, Lior Mazliah, Lisa Bjerke, Lisa Brewster, Lisa Canning, "
-"Lisa Cronin, Lisa Di Valentino, Lisandro Gaertner, Livia Leskovec, Liynn "
-"Worldlaw, Liz Berg, Liz White, Logan Cox, Loki Carbis, Lora Lynn, Lorna "
-"Prescott, Lou Yufan, Louie Amphlett, Louis-David Benyayer, Louise Denman, "
-"Luca Corsato, Luca Lesinigo, Luca Palli, Luca Pianigiani, Luca S.G. de "
-"Marinis, Lucas Lopez, Lukas Mathis, Luke Chamberlin, Luke Chesser, Luke "
-"Woodbury, Lulu Tang, Lydia Pintscher, M Alexander Jurkat, Maarten Sander, "
-"Macie J Klosowski, Magnus Adamsson, Magnus Killingberg, Mahmoud Abu-Wardeh, "
-"Maik Schmalstich, Maiken Håvarstein, Maira Sutton, Mairi Thomson, Mandy "
-"Wultsch, Manickkavasakam Rajasekar, Marc Bogonovich, Marc Harpster, Marc "
-"Martí, Marc Olivier Bastien, Marc Stober, Marc-André Martin, Marcel de "
-"Leeuwe, Marcel Hill, Marcia Hofmann, Marcin Olender, Marco Massarotto, Marco "
-"Montanari, Marco Morales, Marcos Medionegro, Marcus Bitzl, Marcus Norrgren, "
-"Margaret Gary, Mari Moreshead, Maria Liberman, Marielle Hsu, Marino "
-"Hernandez, Mario Lurig, Mario R. Hemsley, MD, Marissa Demers, Mark Chandler, "
-"Mark Cohen, Mark De Solla Price, Mark Gabby, Mark Gray, Mark Koudritsky, "
-"Mark Kupfer, Mark Lednor, Mark McGuire, Mark Moleda, Mark Mullen, Mark "
-"Murphy, Mark Perot, Mark Reeder, Mark Spickett, Mark Vincent Adams, Mark "
-"Waks, Mark Zuccarell II, Markus Deimann, Markus Jaritz, Markus Luethi, "
-"Marshal Miller, Marshall Warner, Martijn Arets, Martin Beaudoin, Martin "
-"Decky, Martin DeMello, Martin Humpolec, Martin Mayr, Martin Peck, Martin "
-"Sanchez, Martino Loco, Martti Remmelgas, Martyn Eggleton, Martyn Lewis, Mary "
-"Ellen Davis, Mary Heacock, Mary Hess, Mary Mi, Masahiro Takagi, Mason Du, "
-"Massimo V.A. Manzari, Mathias Bavay, Mathias Nicolajsen Kjærgaard, Matias "
-"Kruk, Matija Nalis, Matt Alcock, Matt Black, Matt Broach, Matt Hall, Matt "
-"Haughey, Matt Lee, Matt Plec, Matt Skoss, Matt Thompson, Matt Vance, Matt "
-"Wagstaff, Matteo Cocco, Matthew Bendert, Matthew Bergholt, Matthew Darlison, "
-"Matthew Epler, Matthew Hawken, Matthew Heimbecker, Matthew Orstad, Matthew "
-"Peterworth, Matthew Sheehy, Matthew Tucker, Adaptive Handy Apps, LLC, "
-"Mattias Axell, Max Green, Max Kossatz, Max lupo, Max Temkin, Max van "
-"Balgooy, Médéric Droz-dit-Busset, Megan Ingle, Megan Wacha, Meghan "
-"Finlayson, Melissa Aho, Melissa Sterry, Melle Funambuline, Menachem "
-"Goldstein, Micah Bridges, Michael Ailberto, Michael Anderson, Michael "
-"Andersson Skane, Michael C. Stewart, Michael Carroll, Michael Cavette, "
-"Michael Crees, Michael David Johas Teener, Michael Dennis Moore, Michael "
-"Freundt Karlsen, Michael Harries, Michael Hawel, Michael Lewis, Michael May, "
-"Michael Murphy, Michael Murvine, Michael Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael "
-"St.Onge, Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, Michael Underwood, Michael "
-"Weiss, Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, Michaela Voigt, Michal "
-"Rosenn, Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon "
-"You, Miha Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike Chelen, Mike Habicher, "
-"Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, "
-"Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj "
-"Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” "
-"Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van "
-"Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, "
-"Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine "
-"Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie "
-"Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal "
-"McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall "
-"McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, "
-"Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, "
-"Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico "
-"Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, "
-"Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah "
-"Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, "
-"Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier "
-"De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, "
-"OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López Soriano, Pablo "
-"Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker "
-"Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, "
-"Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick "
-"Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick McCabe, Patrick "
-"Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik Kernstock, Patti J "
-"Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul "
-"Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul "
-"Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström Randsalu, "
-"Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter "
-"Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, Peter Langmar, "
-"Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, "
-"Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr Viktorin, Petronella "
-"Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs "
-"Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi "
-"Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, "
-"Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, "
-"R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, Rafael Scapin, Rafaela Kunz, Rain "
-"Doggerel, Raine Lourie, Rajiv Jhangiani, Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, "
-"Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn "
-"Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, "
-"Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” "
-"Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, "
-"Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard "
-"White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al "
-"Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, "
-"Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert "
-"Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert "
-"Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, "
-"Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo "
-"Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, "
-"Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, "
-"Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon "
-"Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy "
-"III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ "
-"Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan "
-"Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, "
-"Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam "
-"Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami "
-"Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel "
-"Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra "
-"Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, "
-"Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, "
-"Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee "
-"Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott "
-"Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, "
-"Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb "
-"Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, "
-"Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, "
-"Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio Cardoso, Seth "
-"Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon Clapp, Shauna "
-"Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby Hatfield, Sheldon "
-"(Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, Siena Oristaglio, "
-"Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, Simon Linder, Simon "
-"Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, Stanislav Trifonov, "
-"Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan Lindblad, Stefano "
-"Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane Wojewoda, Stephanie "
-"Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, Stephen Rose, "
-"Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, Steve Fisches, "
-"Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, Steve Midgley, "
-"Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, Stig-Jørund "
-"B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, Subhendu Ghosh, "
-"Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie Wiley, Sven "
-"Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia Green, Sylvia van "
-"Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya Hart, Tara Tiger "
-"Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner Lennhoff, Tathagat "
-"Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry Hook, Theis Madsen, "
-"Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, Thomas Bacig, Thomas "
-"Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, Thomas Kent, Thomas "
-"Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas Werkmeister, Tieg "
-"Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim Evers, Tim Nichols, "
-"Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy Hinchliff, Timothy "
-"Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, Todd Brown, Todd "
-"Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom Goren, Tom Kent, Tom "
-"MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom Myers, Tom Olijhoek, "
-"Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, Tony Nwachukwu, "
-"Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey James, Traci Long "
-"DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey Hunner, Tryggvi "
-"Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo Blenkhorn, Uri "
-"Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika Mishra, Vic "
-"King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria Klassen, "
-"Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S.Kaujalgi, "
-"Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia Kopelman, "
-"Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, Werner "
-"Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William "
+"Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason E. "
+"Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy Bear "
+"Brown, JC Lara, Jean-Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, Jean-Philippe "
+"Turcotte, Jean-Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff De Cagna, Jeff "
+"Donoghue, Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff Rasalla, Jeff Ski "
+"Kinsey, Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen Garcia, Jens Erat, "
+"Jeppe Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy "
+"Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, Jessica Dickinson "
+"Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate Schingler, Jesús Longás "
+"Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim O’Flaherty, Jim Pellegrini, "
+"Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo Allum, Joachim Brandon LeBlanc, "
+"Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim Bang Larsen, Joan Rieu, Joanna "
+"Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi Sandfort, Joe Cardillo, Joe "
+"Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, Johan Meeusen, Johannes "
+"Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John Bevan, John C Patterson, "
+"John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John Huntsman, John Manoogian III, "
+"John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, John Pearce, John Shale, John "
+"Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John Weeks, John Wilbanks, John Worland, "
+"Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon Alberdi, Jon Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon "
+"Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer Friborg, Jon Smith, Jonas Öberg, Jonas "
+"Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan Holst, Jonathan Lin, "
+"Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg Schwarz, Jose Antonio "
+"Gallego Vázquez, Joseph Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph Sullivan, Joseph "
+"Tucker, Josh Bernhard, Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP Rangaswami, Juan Carlos "
+"Belair, Juan Irming, Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo Marin Diaz, Judith "
+"Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, Julia Devonshire, "
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"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, "
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"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, "
"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
+#~ msgstr "Зроблено з Creative Commons"
projects / text-madewithcc.git / commitdiff