Add several indexterm entries after comparing with the ones in http://www.jus.uio...

diff --git a/freeculture.nb.po b/freeculture.nb.po
index 06e89b1fa1e78f7295cf4f97a11fae213384f869..c5a28566ffe4d4e4ccb41c3e7f71328d9f68aee5 100644 (file)
--- a/freeculture.nb.po
+++ b/freeculture.nb.po
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-08-31 22:25+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-01 20:38+0300\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2012-08-29 11:14+0200\n"
 "Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <i18n-nb@lister.ping.uio.no>\n"
@@ -1410,9 +1410,9 @@ msgstr ""
 "klubber, deling av musikk, laging av kassetter&mdash;ble ikke styrt av "
 "lovverket."
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid "Copyright infringement lawsuits"
+msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits"
 msgstr "krenkelse av opphavsrett søksmål"
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
@@ -5200,6 +5200,10 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
 msgstr "Kapittel tre: Kataloger"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Jordan, Jesse"
+msgstr "Jordan, Jesse"
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "RPI"
 msgstr "RPI"
@@ -5208,6 +5212,10 @@ msgstr "RPI"
 msgid "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)"
 msgstr "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "computer network search engine of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "search engines"
 msgstr ""
@@ -5292,10 +5300,6 @@ msgstr ""
 "til å få tak i materiale som folk på utsiden av bedriften ikke kan få tak i. "
 "Universitetet gjør også dette."
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-msgid "Jordan, Jesse"
-msgstr "Jordan, Jesse"
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "Microsoft"
 msgstr "Microsoft"
@@ -5408,6 +5412,32 @@ msgstr ""
 "ungdom som fiklet med teknologi i en omgivelse hvor fikling med teknologi "
 "var nøyaktig hva han var ment å gjøre."
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "in recording industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "against student file sharing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "recording industry"
+msgstr "innspillingsindustrien"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#, mtrans, fuzzy
+msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits of"
+msgstr "krenkelse av opphavsrett søksmål"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#, mtrans, fuzzy
+msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits filed by"
+msgstr "krenkelse av opphavsrett søksmål"
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
 msgid ""
 "On April 3, 2003, Jesse was contacted by the dean of students at RPI. The "
@@ -5449,10 +5479,26 @@ msgstr ""
 "få tilgang til innhold, som Jesse ikke hadde laget eller gjort tilgjengelig, "
 "og der det store flertall av dette ikke hadde noe å gjøre med musikk."
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "exaggerated claims of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "statutory damages of"
+msgstr "lovbestemte skader for"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "individual defendants intimidated by"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "statutory damages"
 msgstr "lovbestemte skader"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "intimidation tactics of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 64
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
 msgid ""
@@ -5474,14 +5520,14 @@ msgstr ""
 "RIAA påsto det var mer enn et hundre spesifikke opphavsrettskrenkelser, "
 "krevde de dermed at Jesse betalte dem minst $15&nbsp;000&nbsp;000."
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-msgid "Princeton University"
-msgstr "Princeton University"
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "Michigan Technical University"
 msgstr "Michigan Technical University"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Princeton University"
+msgstr "Princeton University"
+
 #.  f1
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgid ""
@@ -5553,6 +5599,10 @@ msgstr ""
 "insisterte RIAA at de ikke ville inngå forlik før de hadde tatt hver eneste "
 "øre som Jesse hadde spart opp."
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "legal system, attorney costs in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 65
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
 msgid ""
@@ -5589,6 +5639,15 @@ msgstr "artister"
 msgid "recording industry payments to"
 msgstr "musikkindustriens betaling til"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#, mtrans, fuzzy
+msgid "artist remuneration in"
+msgstr "artist godtgjørelse i"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "lobbying power of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f2
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgid ""
@@ -5673,6 +5732,10 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "CHAPTER FOUR: <quote>Pirates</quote>"
 msgstr "Kapittel fire: <quote>Pirater</quote>"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "in development of content industry"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>If <quote>piracy</quote> means</emphasis> using the "
@@ -8132,15 +8195,6 @@ msgstr "lovbestemte lisenser i"
 msgid "music recordings played on"
 msgstr "innspillinger spilt på"
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-msgid "recording industry"
-msgstr "innspillingsindustrien"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid "artist remuneration in"
-msgstr "artist godtgjørelse i"
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
 msgid "copyright protections in"
@@ -17225,6 +17279,10 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Worldcom"
 msgstr "Worldcom"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "doctors malpractice claims against"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
 msgid ""
 "See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
@@ -24860,15 +24918,15 @@ msgid ""
 "<quote>No Rights Reserved</quote> sorts believe you should be able to do "
 "with content as you wish, regardless of whether you have permission or not."
 msgstr ""
-"Tabben her er feilen med å utelukke den gyldne middelvei.  Det er ytterpunkter "
-"i denne debatten, men ytterpunktene er ikke det hele.  Det er de som tror på "
-"maksimal opphavsrett&mdash;<quote>Alle rettigheter reservert</quote>&mdash;"
-"og de som avviser opphavsrett&mdash;<quote>Ingen rettigheter reservert</"
-"quote>. <quote>Alle rettigheter reservert</quote>-typen mener du bør spørre "
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-"kunne gjøre med innhold som du selv ønsker uavhengig av om du har tillatelse "
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+"Tabben her er feilen med å utelukke den gyldne middelvei.  Det er "
+"ytterpunkter i denne debatten, men ytterpunktene er ikke det hele.  Det er "
+"de som tror på maksimal opphavsrett&mdash;<quote>Alle rettigheter reservert</"
+"quote>&mdash;og de som avviser opphavsrett&mdash;<quote>Ingen rettigheter "
+"reservert</quote>. <quote>Alle rettigheter reservert</quote>-typen mener du "
+"bør spørre om tillatelse før du <quote>bruker</quote> et "
+"opphavsrettsbeskyttet verk på noe vis.  <quote>Ingen rettigheter reservert</"
+"quote>-typen mener du bør kunne gjøre med innhold som du selv ønsker "
+"uavhengig av om du har tillatelse eller ikke."
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 282
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
@@ -24904,20 +24962,18 @@ msgid ""
 "<quote>get permission to cut and paste</quote> world that is a creator's "
 "nightmare."
 msgstr ""
-"Denne opprinnelige egenskapen ga en reaksjon (med motsatt fortegn, "
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-"omgir internettets utforming vil i stadig større grad gi en omgivelse "
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-"lim</quote>-verden som definerer internettet i dag vil bli en "
-"<quote>skaff tillatelse til å klippe og lime</quote>-verden som er en "
-"skapers mareritt."
+"Denne opprinnelige egenskapen ga en reaksjon (med motsatt fortegn, men ikke "
+"helt likt) fra opphavsrettseierne.  Den reaksjonen har vært tema for denne "
+"boken.  Gjennom lovgiving, søksmål og endringer i nettverkets utforming har "
+"opphavsrettsinnehaverne vært i stand ti lå endre den grunnlegende egenskapen "
+"til omgivelsen for det originale internett.  Hvis den opprinnelige "
+"arkitekturen gir et effektivt utgangspunkt med <quote>ingen rettigheter "
+"reserver</quote>, så vil fremtidens arkitektur gjøre det effektive "
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+"og loven som omgir internettets utforming vil i stadig større grad gi en "
+"omgivelse hvor all bruk av innhold krever tillatelse.  <quote>Klipp og lim</"
+"quote>-verden som definerer internettet i dag vil bli en <quote>skaff "
+"tillatelse til å klippe og lime</quote>-verden som er en skapers mareritt."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
 msgid ""
@@ -25011,15 +25067,15 @@ msgid ""
 "friction has disappeared, and hence any <quote>privacy</quote> protected by "
 "the friction disappears, too."
 msgstr ""
-"Så kommer internettet, hvor kostnaden med å spore spesielt det blir "
-"bladd i har blitt svært liten.  Hvis du er en kunde av Amazon, så vil "
-"Amazon samle informasjon om hva du har sett på mens du tittet på "
-"sidene der.  Du vet dette på grunn av at det i en spalte på siden "
-"vises en liste med <quote>nylig sette</quote> sider.  På grunn av "
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-"Friksjonen har forsvunnet, og dermed forsvinner ogsåå ethver "
-"<quote>personvern</quote> som var beskyttet av denne friksjonen."
+"Så kommer internettet, hvor kostnaden med å spore spesielt det blir bladd i "
+"har blitt svært liten.  Hvis du er en kunde av Amazon, så vil Amazon samle "
+"informasjon om hva du har sett på mens du tittet på sidene der.  Du vet "
+"dette på grunn av at det i en spalte på siden vises en liste med "
+"<quote>nylig sette</quote> sider.  På grunn av arkitekturen til nettet og "
+"hvordan informasjonskapsler fungerer på nettet, så er det enklere å samle "
+"inn disse dataene enn å la være. Friksjonen har forsvunnet, og dermed "
+"forsvinner ogsåå ethver <quote>personvern</quote> som var beskyttet av denne "
+"friksjonen."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
 msgid ""
@@ -25031,14 +25087,13 @@ msgid ""
 "becomes simple to gather and sort who does what in electronic spaces, then "
 "the friction-induced privacy of yesterday disappears."
 msgstr ""
-"Amazon er naturligvis ikke problemet.  Men vi kan begynne å bekymre "
-"oss for biblioteker.  Hvis du er en av disse sprø venstrevridde som "
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+"Amazon er naturligvis ikke problemet.  Men vi kan begynne å bekymre oss for "
+"biblioteker.  Hvis du er en av disse sprø venstrevridde som mener at folk "
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+"får vite hvilke bøker du ser på (jeg er også en av disse venstrevridde), da "
+"kan det hende denne endringen i teknologien for overvåkning angår deg.  Hvis "
+"det blir enkelt å samle inn og sortere hvem som gjør hva i det elektroniske "
+"rom, så forsvinner det friksjons-induserte personvernet fra tidligere tider."
 
 #.  f1.
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
@@ -25190,14 +25245,13 @@ msgid ""
 "innovative creative code was a byproduct."
 msgstr ""
 "Stallmans teknikk var å bruke åndsverksloven til å bygge en verden av "
-"programvare som må forbli fri.  Programvare lisensiert med GPL fra "
-"Free Software Foundation kan ikke endres og distribueres uten at "
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-"fundamentale mål var frihet.  Nyskapende kreativ kode var et "
-"biprodukt."
+"programvare som må forbli fri.  Programvare lisensiert med GPL fra Free "
+"Software Foundation kan ikke endres og distribueres uten at kildekoden for "
+"den programvaren også blir gjort tilgjengelig.  Dermed må enhver som bygger "
+"på GPL-et programvare også frigjøre sitt byggverk.  Dette trodde Stallman "
+"ville sikre, at en økologi av kode ville utvikle seg som forble fri for "
+"andre å bygge på.  Hans fundamentale mål var frihet.  Nyskapende kreativ "
+"kode var et biprodukt."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
@@ -25536,12 +25590,11 @@ msgid ""
 "Kingdom</citetitle>, was released on-line and for free, under a Creative "
 "Commons license, on the same day that it went on sale in bookstores."
 msgstr ""
-"Hvorfor ville skapere delta i å gi slipp på total kontroll?  Noen "
-"deltar for å øke spredningen av deres innhold.  Et eksempel er Cory "
-"Doctorow som er en science fiction-forfatter.  Hans første roman, "
-"<citetitle>Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom</citetitle>, ble sluppet "
-"gratis på nettet med en Creative Commons-lisens, samme dag som den "
-"ble lagt ut for salg i bokhandler."
+"Hvorfor ville skapere delta i å gi slipp på total kontroll?  Noen deltar for "
+"å øke spredningen av deres innhold.  Et eksempel er Cory Doctorow som er en "
+"science fiction-forfatter.  Hans første roman, <citetitle>Down and Out in "
+"the Magic Kingdom</citetitle>, ble sluppet gratis på nettet med en Creative "
+"Commons-lisens, samme dag som den ble lagt ut for salg i bokhandler."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
@@ -25572,10 +25625,10 @@ msgid ""
 "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
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 msgstr ""
-"Faktisk støtter erfaringene fra hans utgiver helt klart denne "
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+"Faktisk støtter erfaringene fra hans utgiver helt klart denne konklusjonen.  "
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+"hadde forventet.  Denne første romanen til en science fiction-formfatter var "
+"en total suksess."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
@@ -25732,11 +25785,11 @@ msgid ""
 "implement these reforms.  But that also means that we have time to build "
 "awareness around the changes that we need."
 msgstr ""
-"<emphasis role='strong'>Vi vil</emphasis> ikke vinne tilbake en fri "
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+"implementere disse reformene.  Men det betyr også at vi har tid til å bygge "
+"opp bevistheten rundt endringene som trengs."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
 msgid ""
@@ -25745,10 +25798,10 @@ msgid ""
 "step, not an end. But any of these steps would carry us a long way to our "
 "end."
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-"I dette kapittelet skisserer jeg fem typer endringer: fire som er "
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+"I dette kapittelet skisserer jeg fem typer endringer: fire som er generelle "
+"og en som er spesifikk for den mest opphetede kampen for tiden, musikk.  "
+"Hver av dem er et steg, ikke et mål.  Men hver av disse stegene vil føre oss "
+"et godt stykke mot vårt mål."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
 msgid "1. More Formalities"
@@ -25761,11 +25814,10 @@ msgid ""
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+"Hvis du kjøper en flybillett så har den navnet ditt på den."
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 293
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
@@ -25773,9 +25825,8 @@ msgid ""
 "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
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 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
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@@ -25803,13 +25854,13 @@ msgid ""
 "relaxed the formal requirements that a copyright owner must bear to protect "
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+"Som jeg foreslo i kapittel <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
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+"veien."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
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@@ -25841,9 +25892,9 @@ msgid ""
 "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
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-"Forslaget jeg fremmmer her ville kun gjelde for amerikanske verk.  Jeg "
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+"Forslaget jeg fremmmer her ville kun gjelde for amerikanske verk.  Jeg tror "
+"naturligvis at det ville være en fordel om samme ide ble adoptert også av "
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@@ -25853,11 +25904,10 @@ msgid ""
 "system that will create the incentives to minimize the burden of these "
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 msgid ""
@@ -25869,11 +25919,11 @@ msgid ""
 "approving standards developed by others."
 msgstr ""
 "Det er tre viktige formaliteter: merke opphavsrettsbeskyttede verk, "
-"registrere opphavsrett og fornøye krav om opphavsrett.  Tradisjonelt "
-"var den første av disse tre noe opphavsrettsinnehaveren gjorde og de "
-"andre to var noe myndighetene gjorde.  Men et revidert system med "
-"formaliterer bør fjerne myndighetene fra prosessen, med unntak fra det "
-"ene formålet med å godkjenne standarder utviklet av andre."
+"registrere opphavsrett og fornøye krav om opphavsrett.  Tradisjonelt var den "
+"første av disse tre noe opphavsrettsinnehaveren gjorde og de andre to var "
+"noe myndighetene gjorde.  Men et revidert system med formaliterer bør fjerne "
+"myndighetene fra prosessen, med unntak fra det ene formålet med å godkjenne "
+"standarder utviklet av andre."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
 msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"

diff --git a/freeculture.pot b/freeculture.pot
index 9f9f70335108556e88595a2ea037b3347c5c2031..1ec1f7e4ccb222bf442326aec2168db132879ded 100644 (file)
--- a/freeculture.pot
+++ b/freeculture.pot
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-08-31 22:25+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-01 20:38+0300\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -476,12 +476,12 @@ msgid "power, concentration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13375
+#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13402
 msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13376
+#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13403
 msgid "Safire, William"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -603,17 +603,17 @@ msgid "air traffic, land ownership vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14370
+#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14397
 msgid "land ownership, air traffic and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4654 freeculture.xml:14371
+#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4677 freeculture.xml:14398
 msgid "property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14371
+#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14398
 msgid "air traffic vs."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -650,12 +650,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:1017 freeculture.xml:1035 freeculture.xml:1083 freeculture.xml:9271 freeculture.xml:12739 freeculture.xml:13479
+#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:1017 freeculture.xml:1035 freeculture.xml:1083 freeculture.xml:9294 freeculture.xml:12766 freeculture.xml:13506
 msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:1018 freeculture.xml:1036 freeculture.xml:1084 freeculture.xml:9272 freeculture.xml:12740 freeculture.xml:13480
+#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:1018 freeculture.xml:1036 freeculture.xml:1084 freeculture.xml:9295 freeculture.xml:12767 freeculture.xml:13507
 msgid "Causby, Tinie"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ msgid "Douglas, William O."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4543
+#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4566
 msgid "Supreme Court, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:606 freeculture.xml:9279 freeculture.xml:9934
+#: freeculture.xml:606 freeculture.xml:9302 freeculture.xml:9961
 msgid "Armstrong, Edwin Howard"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ msgid "Faraday, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:610 freeculture.xml:4285
+#: freeculture.xml:610 freeculture.xml:4308
 msgid "radio"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:1156 freeculture.xml:2395 freeculture.xml:2407 freeculture.xml:2491 freeculture.xml:2525 freeculture.xml:2551 freeculture.xml:2799 freeculture.xml:7316
+#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:1156 freeculture.xml:2395 freeculture.xml:2407 freeculture.xml:2491 freeculture.xml:2525 freeculture.xml:2551 freeculture.xml:2801 freeculture.xml:7339
 msgid "Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1149,9 +1149,9 @@ msgid ""
 "tapes&mdash;were left alone by the law."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:848
-msgid "Copyright infringement lawsuits"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:848 freeculture.xml:2898 freeculture.xml:2899 freeculture.xml:2926 freeculture.xml:2927 freeculture.xml:2928 freeculture.xml:9361 freeculture.xml:9362
+msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ msgid "free culture vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:878 freeculture.xml:9827
+#: freeculture.xml:878 freeculture.xml:9854
 msgid "Litman, Jessica"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1344,7 +1344,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:968 freeculture.xml:11060 freeculture.xml:11706
+#: freeculture.xml:968 freeculture.xml:11087 freeculture.xml:11733
 msgid "Constitution, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ msgid "First Amendment to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:969 freeculture.xml:1134 freeculture.xml:1241 freeculture.xml:1266 freeculture.xml:1610 freeculture.xml:1654 freeculture.xml:1768 freeculture.xml:3137 freeculture.xml:4283 freeculture.xml:4284 freeculture.xml:7315 freeculture.xml:7445
+#: freeculture.xml:969 freeculture.xml:1134 freeculture.xml:1241 freeculture.xml:1266 freeculture.xml:1610 freeculture.xml:1654 freeculture.xml:1768 freeculture.xml:3159 freeculture.xml:4306 freeculture.xml:4307 freeculture.xml:7338 freeculture.xml:7468
 msgid "copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ msgid "First Amendment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:971 freeculture.xml:981 freeculture.xml:14769
+#: freeculture.xml:971 freeculture.xml:981 freeculture.xml:14796
 msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1580,7 +1580,7 @@ msgid "English"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1135 freeculture.xml:5056
+#: freeculture.xml:1135 freeculture.xml:5079
 msgid "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1590,7 +1590,7 @@ msgid "music publishing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1137 freeculture.xml:3225
+#: freeculture.xml:1137 freeculture.xml:3247
 msgid "sheet music"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1720,7 +1720,7 @@ msgid "<quote>if value, then right</quote> theory of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1207 freeculture.xml:3033
+#: freeculture.xml:1207 freeculture.xml:3055
 msgid "<quote>if value, then right</quote> theory"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1226 freeculture.xml:7218
+#: freeculture.xml:1226 freeculture.xml:7241
 msgid "Zittrain, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1241 freeculture.xml:7445
+#: freeculture.xml:1241 freeculture.xml:7468
 msgid "on republishing vs. transformation of original work"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1894,7 +1894,7 @@ msgid "cartoon films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1317 freeculture.xml:5930 freeculture.xml:5974
+#: freeculture.xml:1317 freeculture.xml:5953 freeculture.xml:5997
 msgid "films"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1909,7 +1909,7 @@ msgid "Steamboat Willie"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1319 freeculture.xml:7242
+#: freeculture.xml:1319 freeculture.xml:7265
 msgid "Mickey Mouse"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1925,7 +1925,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1327 freeculture.xml:1544 freeculture.xml:1598 freeculture.xml:1739 freeculture.xml:1985 freeculture.xml:4530 freeculture.xml:6106 freeculture.xml:7241 freeculture.xml:10681 freeculture.xml:11063
+#: freeculture.xml:1327 freeculture.xml:1544 freeculture.xml:1598 freeculture.xml:1739 freeculture.xml:1985 freeculture.xml:4553 freeculture.xml:6129 freeculture.xml:7264 freeculture.xml:10708 freeculture.xml:11090
 msgid "Disney, Walt"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2033,22 +2033,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1395 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:7318 freeculture.xml:7418
+#: freeculture.xml:1395 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:7341 freeculture.xml:7441
 msgid "derivative works"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1395 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:7318
+#: freeculture.xml:1395 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:7341
 msgid "piracy vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:3714 freeculture.xml:7319 freeculture.xml:14835
+#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:3054 freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:7342 freeculture.xml:14862
 msgid "piracy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:7319
+#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:7342
 msgid "derivative work vs."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2087,7 +2087,7 @@ msgid "by transforming previous works"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1425 freeculture.xml:6147
+#: freeculture.xml:1425 freeculture.xml:6170
 msgid "Disney, Inc."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2116,7 +2116,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1445 freeculture.xml:1740 freeculture.xml:10682
+#: freeculture.xml:1445 freeculture.xml:1740 freeculture.xml:10709
 msgid "Grimm fairy tales"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2173,17 +2173,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1490 freeculture.xml:11061 freeculture.xml:11062
+#: freeculture.xml:1490 freeculture.xml:11088 freeculture.xml:11089
 msgid "copyright"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1490 freeculture.xml:11062
+#: freeculture.xml:1490 freeculture.xml:11089
 msgid "duration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1491 freeculture.xml:1492 freeculture.xml:7799 freeculture.xml:13031
+#: freeculture.xml:1491 freeculture.xml:1492 freeculture.xml:7822 freeculture.xml:13058
 msgid "public domain"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2494,7 +2494,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1726 freeculture.xml:3050 freeculture.xml:4754 freeculture.xml:4982 freeculture.xml:7618 freeculture.xml:8731
+#: freeculture.xml:1726 freeculture.xml:3072 freeculture.xml:4777 freeculture.xml:5005 freeculture.xml:7641 freeculture.xml:8754
 msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2576,7 +2576,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1794 freeculture.xml:4696 freeculture.xml:5142
+#: freeculture.xml:1794 freeculture.xml:4719 freeculture.xml:5165
 msgid "Shakespeare, William"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2643,7 +2643,7 @@ msgid "Daguerre, Louis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1845 freeculture.xml:2000 freeculture.xml:2055 freeculture.xml:6637
+#: freeculture.xml:1845 freeculture.xml:2000 freeculture.xml:2055 freeculture.xml:6660
 msgid "camera technology"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2874,7 +2874,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1986 freeculture.xml:9421
+#: freeculture.xml:1986 freeculture.xml:9448
 msgid "images, ownership of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3051,7 +3051,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2125 freeculture.xml:2671 freeculture.xml:6636 freeculture.xml:7487 freeculture.xml:8565 freeculture.xml:8636
+#: freeculture.xml:2125 freeculture.xml:2671 freeculture.xml:6659 freeculture.xml:7510 freeculture.xml:8588 freeculture.xml:8659
 msgid "advertising"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3061,7 +3061,7 @@ msgid "commercials"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2127 freeculture.xml:14833
+#: freeculture.xml:2127 freeculture.xml:14860
 msgid "television"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3218,7 +3218,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f31 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2241 freeculture.xml:4078 freeculture.xml:5174 freeculture.xml:8454
+#: freeculture.xml:2241 freeculture.xml:4101 freeculture.xml:5197 freeculture.xml:8477
 msgid "Ibid."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3336,7 +3336,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2334 freeculture.xml:2393 freeculture.xml:5959
+#: freeculture.xml:2334 freeculture.xml:2393 freeculture.xml:5982
 msgid "September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3346,7 +3346,7 @@ msgid "World Trade Center"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2336 freeculture.xml:5879
+#: freeculture.xml:2336 freeculture.xml:5902
 msgid "news coverage"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3376,7 +3376,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2357 freeculture.xml:8393 freeculture.xml:8630
+#: freeculture.xml:2357 freeculture.xml:8416 freeculture.xml:8653
 msgid "ABC"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3723,7 +3723,7 @@ msgid "CNN"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2577 freeculture.xml:2626 freeculture.xml:5823
+#: freeculture.xml:2577 freeculture.xml:2626 freeculture.xml:5846
 msgid "Iraq war"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4005,33 +4005,43 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2795 freeculture.xml:2839 freeculture.xml:9364
+msgid "Jordan, Jesse"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2795
+#: freeculture.xml:2796
 msgid "RPI"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2795 freeculture.xml:2796
+#: freeculture.xml:2796 freeculture.xml:2797 freeculture.xml:2798
 msgid "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2798
+msgid "computer network search engine of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2797
+#: freeculture.xml:2799
 msgid "search engines"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2798
+#: freeculture.xml:2800
 msgid "university computer networks, p2p sharing on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2799
+#: freeculture.xml:2801
 msgid "search engines used on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2801
+#: freeculture.xml:2803
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In the fall</emphasis> of 2002, Jesse Jordan of "
 "Oceanside, New York, enrolled as a freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic "
@@ -4042,7 +4052,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2809
+#: freeculture.xml:2811
 msgid ""
 "RPI is one of America's foremost technological research institutions.  It "
 "offers degrees in fields ranging from architecture and engineering to "
@@ -4053,7 +4063,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2817
+#: freeculture.xml:2819
 msgid ""
 "RPI's computer network links students, faculty, and administration to one "
 "another. It also links RPI to the Internet. Not everything available on the "
@@ -4063,13 +4073,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2823 freeculture.xml:2879
+#: freeculture.xml:2825 freeculture.xml:2881
 msgid "Google"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 62 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2825
+#: freeculture.xml:2827
 msgid ""
 "Search engines are a measure of a network's intimacy. Google brought the "
 "Internet much closer to all of us by fantastically improving the quality of "
@@ -4082,23 +4092,18 @@ msgid ""
 "well."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2837
-msgid "Jordan, Jesse"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2838 freeculture.xml:3718 freeculture.xml:3720 freeculture.xml:3721 freeculture.xml:5415 freeculture.xml:7929 freeculture.xml:13191
+#: freeculture.xml:2840 freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:3743 freeculture.xml:3744 freeculture.xml:5438 freeculture.xml:7952 freeculture.xml:13218
 msgid "Microsoft"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2838
+#: freeculture.xml:2840
 msgid "network file system of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2840
+#: freeculture.xml:2842
 msgid ""
 "These engines are enabled by the network technology itself.  Microsoft, for "
 "example, has a network file system that makes it very easy for search "
@@ -4109,7 +4114,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2850
+#: freeculture.xml:2852
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's wasn't the first search engine built for the RPI network.  Indeed, "
 "his engine was a simple modification of engines that others had built. His "
@@ -4123,7 +4128,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2863
+#: freeculture.xml:2865
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's engine went on-line in late October. Over the following six months, "
 "he continued to tweak it to improve its functionality. By March, the system "
@@ -4134,7 +4139,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 63 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2871
+#: freeculture.xml:2873
 msgid ""
 "Thus the index his search engine produced included pictures, which students "
 "could use to put on their own Web sites; copies of notes or research; copies "
@@ -4144,17 +4149,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2880
+#: freeculture.xml:2882
 msgid "education"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2880
+#: freeculture.xml:2882
 msgid "tinkering as means of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2882
+#: freeculture.xml:2884
 msgid ""
 "But the index also included music files. In fact, one quarter of the files "
 "that Jesse's search engine listed were music files. But that means, of "
@@ -4170,8 +4175,38 @@ msgid ""
 "supposed to do."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2898 freeculture.xml:9362
+msgid "in recording industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2899
+msgid "against student file sharing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2900 freeculture.xml:2998 freeculture.xml:4309 freeculture.xml:4310 freeculture.xml:4311
+msgid "recording industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2900
+msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2901 freeculture.xml:2930 freeculture.xml:2999
+msgid "Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2901
+msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits filed by"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2897
+#: freeculture.xml:2904
 msgid ""
 "On April 3, 2003, Jesse was contacted by the dean of students at RPI. The "
 "dean informed Jesse that the Recording Industry Association of America, the "
@@ -4182,7 +4217,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2906
+#: freeculture.xml:2913
 msgid ""
 "<quote>It was absurd,</quote> he told me. <quote>I don't think I did "
 "anything wrong. &hellip; I don't think there's anything wrong with the "
@@ -4196,14 +4231,34 @@ msgid ""
 "majority of which had nothing to do with music."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2926 freeculture.xml:9361
+msgid "exaggerated claims of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2927
+msgid "statutory damages of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2928
+msgid "individual defendants intimidated by"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2919
+#: freeculture.xml:2929
 msgid "statutory damages"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2930
+msgid "intimidation tactics of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 64 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2921
+#: freeculture.xml:2932
 msgid ""
 "But the RIAA branded Jesse a pirate. They claimed he operated a network and "
 "had therefore <quote>willfully</quote> violated copyright laws. They "
@@ -4216,18 +4271,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2931
-msgid "Princeton University"
+#: freeculture.xml:2942
+msgid "Michigan Technical University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2932
-msgid "Michigan Technical University"
+#: freeculture.xml:2943
+msgid "Princeton University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2946
+#: freeculture.xml:2957
 msgid ""
 "Tim Goral, <quote>Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
 "Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,</quote> <citetitle>Professional Media "
@@ -4235,7 +4290,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2934
+#: freeculture.xml:2945
 msgid ""
 "Similar lawsuits were brought against three other students: one other "
 "student at RPI, one at Michigan Technical University, and one at "
@@ -4250,7 +4305,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2953
+#: freeculture.xml:2964
 msgid ""
 "Jesse called his parents. They were supportive but a bit frightened.  An "
 "uncle was a lawyer. He began negotiations with the RIAA. They demanded to "
@@ -4259,12 +4314,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2959
+#: freeculture.xml:2970
 msgid "Oppenheimer, Matt"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2961
+#: freeculture.xml:2972
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA wanted Jesse to admit to doing something wrong. He refused. They "
 "wanted him to agree to an injunction that would essentially make it "
@@ -4277,9 +4332,14 @@ msgid ""
 "saved."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2982
+msgid "legal system, attorney costs in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 65 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2972
+#: freeculture.xml:2984
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's family was outraged at these claims. They wanted to fight.  But "
 "Jesse's uncle worked to educate the family about the nature of the American "
@@ -4291,25 +4351,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2982
+#: freeculture.xml:2994
 msgid ""
 "So Jesse faced a mafia-like choice: $250,000 and a chance at winning, or "
 "$12,000 and a settlement."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2985 freeculture.xml:3344 freeculture.xml:4279 freeculture.xml:5424 freeculture.xml:5473 freeculture.xml:9886 freeculture.xml:9984 freeculture.xml:10153 freeculture.xml:14734 freeculture.xml:14799
+#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:5447 freeculture.xml:5496 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14761 freeculture.xml:14826
 msgid "artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2985 freeculture.xml:3344 freeculture.xml:4279 freeculture.xml:9886 freeculture.xml:9984 freeculture.xml:10153 freeculture.xml:14734 freeculture.xml:14799
+#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14761 freeculture.xml:14826
 msgid "recording industry payments to"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2998 freeculture.xml:4309
+msgid "artist remuneration in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2999
+msgid "lobbying power of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2995
+#: freeculture.xml:3009
 msgid ""
 "Occupational Employment Survey, U.S. Dept. of Labor (2001)  "
 "(27&ndash;2042&mdash;Musicians and Singers). See also National Endowment for "
@@ -4318,7 +4388,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3003
+#: freeculture.xml:3017
 msgid ""
 "Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in <quote>KaZaA and "
 "Punishment,</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10 September "
@@ -4326,7 +4396,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2987
+#: freeculture.xml:3001
 msgid ""
 "The recording industry insists this is a matter of law and morality.  Let's "
 "put the law aside for a moment and think about the morality.  Where is the "
@@ -4340,7 +4410,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3008
+#: freeculture.xml:3024
 msgid ""
 "On June 23, Jesse wired his savings to the lawyer working for the RIAA. The "
 "case against him was then dismissed. And with this, this kid who had "
@@ -4348,7 +4418,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3015
+#: freeculture.xml:3031
 msgid ""
 "I was definitely not an activist [before]. I never really meant to be an "
 "activist. &hellip; [But] I've been pushed into this. In no way did I ever "
@@ -4357,7 +4427,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3022
+#: freeculture.xml:3038
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's parents betray a certain pride in their reluctant activist. As his "
 "father told me, Jesse <quote>considers himself very conservative, and so do "
@@ -4367,12 +4437,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3032
+#: freeculture.xml:3053
 msgid "CHAPTER FOUR: <quote>Pirates</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3054
+msgid "in development of content industry"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3035
+#: freeculture.xml:3057
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>If <quote>piracy</quote> means</emphasis> using the "
 "creative property of others without their permission&mdash;if <quote>if "
@@ -4384,12 +4459,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3046
+#: freeculture.xml:3068
 msgid "Film"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3050
+#: freeculture.xml:3072
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> I am grateful to Peter DiMauro "
 "for pointing me to this extraordinary history. See also Siva Vaidhyanathan, "
@@ -4399,7 +4474,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 67 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3048
+#: freeculture.xml:3070
 msgid ""
 "The film industry of Hollywood was built by fleeing pirates.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Creators and directors migrated from the East "
@@ -4413,12 +4488,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3066
+#: freeculture.xml:3088
 msgid "As one commentator tells one part of the story,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3070
+#: freeculture.xml:3092
 msgid ""
 "A January 1909 deadline was set for all companies to comply with the "
 "license. By February, unlicensed outlaws, who referred to themselves as "
@@ -4429,27 +4504,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3078
+#: freeculture.xml:3100
 msgid "Fox, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3079
+#: freeculture.xml:3101
 msgid "General Film Company"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3080 freeculture.xml:3362 freeculture.xml:4512 freeculture.xml:10026
+#: freeculture.xml:3102 freeculture.xml:3384 freeculture.xml:4535 freeculture.xml:10053
 msgid "Picker, Randal C."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3104 freeculture.xml:4511 freeculture.xml:9760 freeculture.xml:9881
+#: freeculture.xml:3126 freeculture.xml:4534 freeculture.xml:9787 freeculture.xml:9908
 msgid "broadcast flag"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3093
+#: freeculture.xml:3115
 msgid ""
 "J. A. Aberdeen, <citetitle>Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent "
 "Motion Picture Producers</citetitle> (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and "
@@ -4465,7 +4540,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3082
+#: freeculture.xml:3104
 msgid ""
 "With the country experiencing a tremendous expansion in the number of "
 "nickelodeons, the Patents Company reacted to the independent movement by "
@@ -4481,7 +4556,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3115
+#: freeculture.xml:3137
 msgid ""
 "Marc Wanamaker, <quote>The First Studios,</quote> <citetitle>The Silents "
 "Majority</citetitle>, archived at <ulink "
@@ -4489,7 +4564,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3109
+#: freeculture.xml:3131
 msgid ""
 "The Napsters of those days, the <quote>independents,</quote> were companies "
 "like Fox. And no less than today, these independents were vigorously "
@@ -4504,7 +4579,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 68 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3125
+#: freeculture.xml:3147
 msgid ""
 "Of course, California grew quickly, and the effective enforcement of federal "
 "law eventually spread west. But because patents grant the patent holder a "
@@ -4515,34 +4590,34 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3136
+#: freeculture.xml:3158
 msgid "Recorded Music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3137 freeculture.xml:4283
+#: freeculture.xml:3159 freeculture.xml:4306
 msgid "on music recordings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3139
+#: freeculture.xml:3161
 msgid ""
 "The record industry was born of another kind of piracy, though to see how "
 "requires a bit of detail about the way the law regulates music."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3142
+#: freeculture.xml:3164
 msgid "Fourneaux, Henri"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3143
+#: freeculture.xml:3165
 msgid "Russel, Phil"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3145
+#: freeculture.xml:3167
 msgid ""
 "At the time that Edison and Henri Fourneaux invented machines for "
 "reproducing music (Edison the phonograph, Fourneaux the player piano), the "
@@ -4555,12 +4630,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3154 freeculture.xml:3306
+#: freeculture.xml:3176 freeculture.xml:3328
 msgid "Beatles"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3156
+#: freeculture.xml:3178
 msgid ""
 "But what if I wanted to record <quote>Happy Mose,</quote> using Edison's "
 "phonograph or Fourneaux's player piano? Here the law stumbled. It was clear "
@@ -4580,12 +4655,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3179 freeculture.xml:3196
+#: freeculture.xml:3201 freeculture.xml:3218
 msgid "Kittredge, Alfred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3175
+#: freeculture.xml:3197
 msgid ""
 "The composers (and publishers) were none too happy about this capacity to "
 "pirate. As South Dakota senator Alfred Kittredge put it, <placeholder "
@@ -4593,7 +4668,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3190
+#: freeculture.xml:3212
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright: Hearings on S. 6330 "
 "and H.R. 19853 Before the ( Joint) Committees on Patents, 59th Cong. 59, 1st "
@@ -4605,7 +4680,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3183
+#: freeculture.xml:3205
 msgid ""
 "Imagine the injustice of the thing. A composer writes a song or an opera. A "
 "publisher buys at great expense the rights to the same and copyrights "
@@ -4616,13 +4691,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3200
+#: freeculture.xml:3222
 msgid "Sousa, John Philip"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3206
+#: freeculture.xml:3228
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
@@ -4630,7 +4705,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3212
+#: freeculture.xml:3234
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
@@ -4638,14 +4713,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3219
+#: freeculture.xml:3241
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (statement of "
 "John Philip Sousa, composer)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3202
+#: freeculture.xml:3224
 msgid ""
 "The innovators who developed the technology to record other people's works "
 "were <quote>sponging upon the toil, the work, the talent, and genius of "
@@ -4658,18 +4733,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3223
+#: freeculture.xml:3245
 msgid "American Graphophone Company"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3224
+#: freeculture.xml:3246
 msgid "player pianos"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3235
+#: freeculture.xml:3257
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283&ndash;84 "
 "(statement of Albert Walker, representative of the Auto-Music Perforating "
@@ -4678,7 +4753,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3246
+#: freeculture.xml:3268
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 376 (prepared "
 "memorandum of Philip Mauro, general patent counsel of the American "
@@ -4686,7 +4761,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3227
+#: freeculture.xml:3249
 msgid ""
 "These arguments have familiar echoes in the wars of our day. So, too, do the "
 "arguments on the other side. The innovators who developed the player piano "
@@ -4704,7 +4779,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 70 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3252
+#: freeculture.xml:3274
 msgid ""
 "The law soon resolved this battle in favor of the composer "
 "<emphasis>and</emphasis> the recording artist. Congress amended the law to "
@@ -4719,7 +4794,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3267
+#: freeculture.xml:3289
 msgid ""
 "American law ordinarily calls this a <quote>compulsory license,</quote> but "
 "I will refer to it as a <quote>statutory license.</quote> A statutory "
@@ -4730,12 +4805,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3274 freeculture.xml:14430
+#: freeculture.xml:3296 freeculture.xml:14457
 msgid "Grisham, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3276
+#: freeculture.xml:3298
 msgid ""
 "This is an exception within the law of copyright. When John Grisham writes a "
 "novel, a publisher is free to publish that novel only if Grisham gives the "
@@ -4747,7 +4822,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3300
+#: freeculture.xml:3322
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and "
 "H.R. 11794 Before the ( Joint) Committee on Patents, 60th Cong., 1st sess., "
@@ -4758,7 +4833,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3286
+#: freeculture.xml:3308
 msgid ""
 "But the law governing recordings gives recording artists less. And thus, in "
 "effect, the law <emphasis>subsidizes</emphasis> the recording industry "
@@ -4775,7 +4850,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3309
+#: freeculture.xml:3331
 msgid ""
 "While the recording industry has been quite coy about this recently, "
 "historically it has been quite a supporter of the statutory license for "
@@ -4784,7 +4859,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3331
+#: freeculture.xml:3353
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Report to Accompany H.R. 2512, House Committee on "
 "the Judiciary, 90th Cong., 1st sess., House Document no. 83, (8 March "
@@ -4792,7 +4867,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3316
+#: freeculture.xml:3338
 msgid ""
 "the record producers argued vigorously that the compulsory license system "
 "must be retained. They asserted that the record industry is a "
@@ -4809,29 +4884,29 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3338
+#: freeculture.xml:3360
 msgid ""
 "By limiting the rights musicians have, by partially pirating their creative "
 "work, the record producers, and the public, benefit."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3343 freeculture.xml:4476
+#: freeculture.xml:3365 freeculture.xml:4499
 msgid "Radio"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3346
+#: freeculture.xml:3368
 msgid "Radio was also born of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3361
+#: freeculture.xml:3383
 msgid "Hand, Learned"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3352
+#: freeculture.xml:3374
 msgid ""
 "See 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, sections 106 and 110. At "
 "the beginning, record companies printed <quote>Not Licensed for Radio "
@@ -4848,7 +4923,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3349
+#: freeculture.xml:3371
 msgid ""
 "When a radio station plays a record on the air, that constitutes a "
 "<quote>public performance</quote> of the composer's work.<placeholder "
@@ -4859,13 +4934,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3379 freeculture.xml:9095 freeculture.xml:9554 freeculture.xml:12553
+#: freeculture.xml:3401 freeculture.xml:9118 freeculture.xml:9581 freeculture.xml:12580
 msgid "Lovett, Lyle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 72 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3369
+#: freeculture.xml:3391
 msgid ""
 "But when the radio station plays a record, it is not only performing a copy "
 "of the <emphasis>composer's</emphasis> work. The radio station is also "
@@ -4880,7 +4955,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3384
+#: freeculture.xml:3406
 msgid ""
 "But it doesn't. Under the law governing radio performances, the radio "
 "station does not have to pay the recording artist. The radio station need "
@@ -4890,12 +4965,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3391 freeculture.xml:3896 freeculture.xml:6391
+#: freeculture.xml:3413 freeculture.xml:3919 freeculture.xml:6414
 msgid "Madonna"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3393
+#: freeculture.xml:3415
 msgid ""
 "This difference can be huge. Imagine you compose a piece of music.  Imagine "
 "it is your first. You own the exclusive right to authorize public "
@@ -4904,7 +4979,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3399
+#: freeculture.xml:3421
 msgid ""
 "Imagine she does sing your song, and imagine she likes it a lot. She then "
 "decides to make a recording of your song, and it becomes a top hit. Under "
@@ -4916,7 +4991,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3410
+#: freeculture.xml:3432
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, one might argue that, on balance, the recording artists "
 "benefit. On average, the promotion they get is worth more than the "
@@ -4927,23 +5002,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3420 freeculture.xml:4482
+#: freeculture.xml:3442 freeculture.xml:4505
 msgid "Cable TV"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3421 freeculture.xml:4303 freeculture.xml:8290 freeculture.xml:8329 freeculture.xml:14832
+#: freeculture.xml:3443 freeculture.xml:4326 freeculture.xml:8313 freeculture.xml:8352 freeculture.xml:14859
 msgid "cable television"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3423
+#: freeculture.xml:3445
 msgid "Cable TV was also born of a kind of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 73 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3426
+#: freeculture.xml:3448
 msgid ""
 "When cable entrepreneurs first started wiring communities with cable "
 "television in 1948, most refused to pay broadcasters for the content that "
@@ -4955,22 +5030,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3436
+#: freeculture.xml:3458
 msgid "Anello, Douglas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3437
+#: freeculture.xml:3459
 msgid "Burdick, Quentin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3438 freeculture.xml:3449
+#: freeculture.xml:3460 freeculture.xml:3471
 msgid "Hyde, Rosel H."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3444
+#: freeculture.xml:3466
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV: Hearing on S. 1006 Before the "
 "Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Senate Committee "
@@ -4981,14 +5056,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3456
+#: freeculture.xml:3478
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 116 (statement of Douglas A. Anello, "
 "general counsel of the National Association of Broadcasters)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3440
+#: freeculture.xml:3462
 msgid ""
 "Broadcasters and copyright owners were quick to attack this theft.  Rosel "
 "Hyde, chairman of the FCC, viewed the practice as a kind of <quote>unfair "
@@ -5003,14 +5078,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3467
+#: freeculture.xml:3489
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 126 (statement of Ernest W. Jennes, "
 "general counsel of the Association of Maximum Service Telecasters, Inc.)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3463
+#: freeculture.xml:3485
 msgid ""
 "The extraordinary thing about the CATV business is that it is the only "
 "business I know of where the product that is being sold is not paid "
@@ -5018,13 +5093,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3473
+#: freeculture.xml:3495
 msgid "Again, the demand of the copyright holders seemed reasonable enough:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3482
+#: freeculture.xml:3504
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 169 (joint statement of Arthur B.  Krim, "
 "president of United Artists Corp., and John Sinn, president of United "
@@ -5032,7 +5107,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3477
+#: freeculture.xml:3499
 msgid ""
 "All we are asking for is a very simple thing, that people who now take our "
 "property for nothing pay for it. We are trying to stop piracy and I don't "
@@ -5041,12 +5116,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3488 freeculture.xml:3496
+#: freeculture.xml:3510 freeculture.xml:3518
 msgid "Heston, Charlton"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3494
+#: freeculture.xml:3516
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 209 (statement of Charlton Heston, "
 "president of the Screen Actors Guild).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -5054,7 +5129,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3490
+#: freeculture.xml:3512
 msgid ""
 "These were <quote>free-ride[rs],</quote> Screen Actor's Guild president "
 "Charlton Heston said, who were <quote>depriving actors of "
@@ -5062,19 +5137,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3501
+#: freeculture.xml:3523
 msgid ""
 "But again, there was another side to the debate. As Assistant Attorney "
 "General Edwin Zimmerman put it,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3517 freeculture.xml:3519
+#: freeculture.xml:3539 freeculture.xml:3541
 msgid "Zimmerman, Edwin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3515
+#: freeculture.xml:3537
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 216 (statement of Edwin M.  Zimmerman, "
 "acting assistant attorney general).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -5082,7 +5157,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3506
+#: freeculture.xml:3528
 msgid ""
 "Our point here is that unlike the problem of whether you have any copyright "
 "protection at all, the problem here is whether copyright holders who are "
@@ -5094,14 +5169,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3523
+#: freeculture.xml:3545
 msgid ""
 "Copyright owners took the cable companies to court. Twice the Supreme Court "
 "held that the cable companies owed the copyright owners nothing."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3527
+#: freeculture.xml:3549
 msgid ""
 "It took Congress almost thirty years before it resolved the question of "
 "whether cable companies had to pay for the content they "
@@ -5117,7 +5192,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3545
+#: freeculture.xml:3568
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, <citetitle>The "
 "Engine of Free Expression: Copyright on the Internet&mdash;The Myth of Free "
@@ -5128,7 +5203,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3540
+#: freeculture.xml:3563
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>These separate stories</emphasis> sing a common "
 "theme. If <quote>piracy</quote> means using value from someone else's "
@@ -5142,12 +5217,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3562
+#: freeculture.xml:3585
 msgid "CHAPTER FIVE: <quote>Piracy</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3564
+#: freeculture.xml:3587
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There is piracy</emphasis> of copyrighted "
 "material. Lots of it. This piracy comes in many forms. The most significant "
@@ -5159,7 +5234,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 76 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3572
+#: freeculture.xml:3595
 msgid ""
 "But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of "
 "<quote>taking</quote> that is more directly related to the Internet. That "
@@ -5171,28 +5246,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3582
+#: freeculture.xml:3605
 msgid "Piracy I"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3583 freeculture.xml:3663 freeculture.xml:3713 freeculture.xml:14834
+#: freeculture.xml:3606 freeculture.xml:3686 freeculture.xml:3736 freeculture.xml:14861
 msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3584 freeculture.xml:4031 freeculture.xml:9555 freeculture.xml:10362 freeculture.xml:14225 freeculture.xml:14816
+#: freeculture.xml:3607 freeculture.xml:4054 freeculture.xml:9582 freeculture.xml:10389 freeculture.xml:14252 freeculture.xml:14843
 msgid "CDs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3584
+#: freeculture.xml:3607
 msgid "foreign piracy of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3592
+#: freeculture.xml:3615
 msgid ""
 "See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), "
 "<citetitle>The Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003</citetitle>, "
@@ -5202,7 +5277,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3586
+#: freeculture.xml:3609
 msgid ""
 "All across the world, but especially in Asia and Eastern Europe, there are "
 "businesses that do nothing but take others people's copyrighted content, "
@@ -5214,7 +5289,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3602
+#: freeculture.xml:3625
 msgid ""
 "This is piracy plain and simple. Nothing in the argument of this book, nor "
 "in the argument that most people make when talking about the subject of this "
@@ -5222,7 +5297,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3608
+#: freeculture.xml:3631
 msgid ""
 "Which is not to say that excuses and justifications couldn't be made for "
 "it. We could, for example, remind ourselves that for the first one hundred "
@@ -5234,7 +5309,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3617
+#: freeculture.xml:3640
 msgid ""
 "That excuse isn't terribly strong. Technically, our law did not ban the "
 "taking of foreign works. It explicitly limited itself to American "
@@ -5249,7 +5324,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 77
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3628
+#: freeculture.xml:3651
 msgid ""
 "True, these local rules have, in effect, been imposed upon these "
 "countries. No country can be part of the world economy and choose not to "
@@ -5258,17 +5333,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3656
+#: freeculture.xml:3679
 msgid "agricultural patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3657 freeculture.xml:12837 freeculture.xml:13295 freeculture.xml:13302
+#: freeculture.xml:3680 freeculture.xml:12864 freeculture.xml:13322 freeculture.xml:13329
 msgid "Drahos, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3641
+#: freeculture.xml:3664
 msgid ""
 "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: "
 "<citetitle>Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New "
@@ -5288,7 +5363,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3636
+#: freeculture.xml:3659
 msgid ""
 "If a country is to be treated as a sovereign, however, then its laws are its "
 "laws regardless of their source. The international law under which these "
@@ -5300,12 +5375,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3678 freeculture.xml:3952 freeculture.xml:14982
+#: freeculture.xml:3701 freeculture.xml:3975 freeculture.xml:15009
 msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3671
+#: freeculture.xml:3694
 msgid ""
 "For an analysis of the economic impact of copying technology, see Stan "
 "Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle> (New York: "
@@ -5318,7 +5393,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3665
+#: freeculture.xml:3688
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could try to excuse this piracy by noting that in any "
 "case, it does no harm to the industry. The Chinese who get access to "
@@ -5328,7 +5403,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3682
+#: freeculture.xml:3705
 msgid ""
 "This is often true (though I have friends who have purchased many thousands "
 "of pirated DVDs who certainly have enough money to pay for the content they "
@@ -5344,7 +5419,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 78 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3696
+#: freeculture.xml:3719
 msgid ""
 "This argument is still very weak. However, although copyright is a property "
 "right of a very special sort, it <emphasis>is</emphasis> a property "
@@ -5363,47 +5438,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3714 freeculture.xml:14835
+#: freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:14862
 msgid "in Asia"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3715
+#: freeculture.xml:3738
 msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3716 freeculture.xml:3746 freeculture.xml:11637 freeculture.xml:13138 freeculture.xml:13739
+#: freeculture.xml:3739 freeculture.xml:3769 freeculture.xml:11664 freeculture.xml:13165 freeculture.xml:13766
 msgid "GNU/Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3717 freeculture.xml:3747 freeculture.xml:11639 freeculture.xml:13139 freeculture.xml:13740
+#: freeculture.xml:3740 freeculture.xml:3770 freeculture.xml:11666 freeculture.xml:13166 freeculture.xml:13767
 msgid "Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3718
+#: freeculture.xml:3741
 msgid "competitive strategies of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3719
+#: freeculture.xml:3742
 msgid "Windows"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3720
+#: freeculture.xml:3743
 msgid "international software piracy of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3721
+#: freeculture.xml:3744
 msgid "Windows operating system of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3723
+#: freeculture.xml:3746
 msgid ""
 "Finally, we could try to excuse this piracy with the argument that the "
 "piracy actually helps the copyright owner. When the Chinese "
@@ -5419,17 +5494,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3735
+#: freeculture.xml:3758
 msgid "law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3735
+#: freeculture.xml:3758
 msgid "databases of case reports in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3737
+#: freeculture.xml:3760
 msgid ""
 "This argument, too, is somewhat true. The addiction strategy is a good "
 "one. Many businesses practice it. Some thrive because of it. Law students, "
@@ -5440,17 +5515,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3744
+#: freeculture.xml:3767
 msgid "Netscape"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3745
+#: freeculture.xml:3768
 msgid "Internet Explorer"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3749
+#: freeculture.xml:3772
 msgid ""
 "Still, the argument is not terribly persuasive. We don't give the alcoholic "
 "a defense when he steals his first beer, merely because that will make it "
@@ -5466,7 +5541,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 79 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3763
+#: freeculture.xml:3786
 msgid ""
 "Thus, while I understand the pull of these justifications for piracy, and I "
 "certainly see the motivation, in my view, in the end, these efforts at "
@@ -5478,7 +5553,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3773
+#: freeculture.xml:3796
 msgid ""
 "But as the examples from the four chapters that introduced this part "
 "suggest, even if some piracy is plainly wrong, not all <quote>piracy</quote> "
@@ -5491,7 +5566,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3782
+#: freeculture.xml:3805
 msgid ""
 "This doesn't mean that there are no questions raised by the latest piracy "
 "concern, peer-to-peer file sharing. But it does mean that we need to "
@@ -5500,7 +5575,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3788
+#: freeculture.xml:3811
 msgid ""
 "For (1) like the original Hollywood, p2p sharing escapes an overly "
 "controlling industry; and (2) like the original recording industry, it "
@@ -5509,20 +5584,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3794
+#: freeculture.xml:3817
 msgid ""
 "These differences distinguish p2p sharing from true piracy. They should push "
 "us to find a way to protect artists while enabling this sharing to survive."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3800
+#: freeculture.xml:3823
 msgid "Piracy II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3805
+#: freeculture.xml:3828
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 "
 "Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
@@ -5530,7 +5605,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 80 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3802
+#: freeculture.xml:3825
 msgid ""
 "The key to the <quote>piracy</quote> that the law aims to quash is a use "
 "that <quote>rob[s] the author of [his] profit.</quote><placeholder "
@@ -5540,22 +5615,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3813 freeculture.xml:3821
+#: freeculture.xml:3836 freeculture.xml:3844
 msgid "innovation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3814
+#: freeculture.xml:3837
 msgid "Fanning, Shawn"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3831 freeculture.xml:8523
+#: freeculture.xml:3854 freeculture.xml:8546
 msgid "Christensen, Clayton M."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3821
+#: freeculture.xml:3844
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> See Clayton M. Christensen, "
 "<citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary National Bestseller "
@@ -5570,7 +5645,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3816
+#: freeculture.xml:3839
 msgid ""
 "Peer-to-peer sharing was made famous by Napster. But the inventors of the "
 "Napster technology had not made any major technological innovations.  Like "
@@ -5582,7 +5657,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3841
+#: freeculture.xml:3864
 msgid ""
 "See Carolyn Lochhead, <quote>Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood "
 "Nightmare,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 24 "
@@ -5596,7 +5671,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3836
+#: freeculture.xml:3859
 msgid ""
 "The result was spontaneous combustion. Launched in July 1999, Napster "
 "amassed over 10 million users within nine months. After eighteen months, "
@@ -5612,7 +5687,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3863
+#: freeculture.xml:3886
 msgid ""
 "See Ipsos-Insight, <citetitle>TEMPO: Keeping Pace with Online Music "
 "Distribution</citetitle> (September 2002), reporting that 28 percent of "
@@ -5623,14 +5698,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3872
+#: freeculture.xml:3895
 msgid ""
 "Amy Harmon, <quote>Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 6 June 2003, A1."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3857
+#: freeculture.xml:3880
 msgid ""
 "According to a number of estimates, a huge proportion of Americans have "
 "tasted file-sharing technology. A study by Ipsos-Insight in September 2002 "
@@ -5646,7 +5721,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3881
+#: freeculture.xml:3904
 msgid ""
 "Some of this enjoying involves copyright infringement. Some of it does "
 "not. And even among the part that is technically copyright infringement, "
@@ -5658,7 +5733,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 81 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3891
+#: freeculture.xml:3914
 msgid ""
 "File sharers share different kinds of content. We can divide these different "
 "kinds into four types."
@@ -5666,7 +5741,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3899
+#: freeculture.xml:3922
 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "content. Thus, when a new Madonna CD is released, rather than buying the CD, "
@@ -5679,7 +5754,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3909
+#: freeculture.xml:3932
 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks to sample music before purchasing "
 "it. Thus, a friend sends another friend an MP3 of an artist he's not heard "
@@ -5692,7 +5767,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  C. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3920
+#: freeculture.xml:3943
 msgid ""
 "There are many who use sharing networks to get access to copyrighted content "
 "that is no longer sold or that they would not have purchased because the "
@@ -5711,26 +5786,26 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  PAGE BREAK 82 
 #.  D. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3937
+#: freeculture.xml:3960
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who use sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or that the copyright owner wants to give away."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3943
+#: freeculture.xml:3966
 msgid "How do these different types of sharing balance out?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3951
+#: freeculture.xml:3974
 msgid ""
 "See Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle>, "
 "148&ndash;49.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3946
+#: freeculture.xml:3969
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with some simple but important points. From the perspective of "
 "the law, only type D sharing is clearly legal. From the perspective of "
@@ -5744,7 +5819,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3962
+#: freeculture.xml:3985
 msgid ""
 "Whether on balance sharing is harmful depends importantly on how harmful "
 "type A sharing is. Just as Edison complained about Hollywood, composers "
@@ -5755,17 +5830,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3969 freeculture.xml:3978 freeculture.xml:4335 freeculture.xml:8089 freeculture.xml:8118 freeculture.xml:9816 freeculture.xml:14542
+#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4001 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:14569
 msgid "cassette recording"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3969 freeculture.xml:4335 freeculture.xml:8089 freeculture.xml:8118 freeculture.xml:9816 freeculture.xml:9817 freeculture.xml:14542 freeculture.xml:14543
+#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:9844 freeculture.xml:14569 freeculture.xml:14570
 msgid "VCRs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3978
+#: freeculture.xml:4001
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> See Cap Gemini Ernst &amp; Young, "
 "<citetitle>Technology Evolution and the Music Industry's Business Model "
@@ -5782,7 +5857,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3971
+#: freeculture.xml:3994
 msgid ""
 "While the numbers do suggest that sharing is harmful, how harmful is harder "
 "to reckon. It has long been the recording industry's practice to blame "
@@ -5797,18 +5872,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3996
+#: freeculture.xml:4019
 msgid "MTV"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4006
+#: freeculture.xml:4029
 msgid "U.S. Congress, <citetitle>Copyright and Home Copying</citetitle>, 4."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3998
+#: freeculture.xml:4021
 msgid ""
 "Yet soon thereafter, and before Congress was given an opportunity to enact "
 "regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record "
@@ -5820,7 +5895,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4011
+#: freeculture.xml:4034
 msgid ""
 "But just because the industry was wrong before does not mean it is wrong "
 "today. To evaluate the real threat that p2p sharing presents to the industry "
@@ -5833,7 +5908,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4021
+#: freeculture.xml:4044
 msgid ""
 "We start to answer this question by focusing on the net harm, from the "
 "standpoint of the industry as a whole, that sharing networks cause.  The "
@@ -5845,12 +5920,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4031
+#: freeculture.xml:4054
 msgid "sales levels of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4033
+#: freeculture.xml:4056
 msgid ""
 "Could that be true? Could the industry as a whole be gaining because of file "
 "sharing? Odd as that might sound, the data about CD sales actually suggest "
@@ -5859,7 +5934,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4042
+#: freeculture.xml:4065
 msgid ""
 "See Recording Industry Association of America, <citetitle>2002 Yearend "
 "Statistics</citetitle>, available at <ulink "
@@ -5877,12 +5952,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4069
+#: freeculture.xml:4092
 msgid "Black, Jane"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4066
+#: freeculture.xml:4089
 msgid ""
 "Jane Black, <quote>Big Music's Broken Record,</quote> BusinessWeek online, "
 "13 February 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -5891,7 +5966,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4038
+#: freeculture.xml:4061
 msgid ""
 "In 2002, the RIAA reported that CD sales had fallen by 8.9 percent, from 882 "
 "million to 803 million units; revenues fell 6.7 percent.<placeholder "
@@ -5912,7 +5987,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 84 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4084
+#: freeculture.xml:4107
 msgid ""
 "But let's assume the RIAA is right, and all of the decline in CD sales is "
 "because of Internet sharing. Here's the rub: In the same period that the "
@@ -5923,7 +5998,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4092
+#: freeculture.xml:4115
 msgid ""
 "There are too many different things happening at the same time to explain "
 "these numbers definitively, but one conclusion is unavoidable: The recording "
@@ -5941,7 +6016,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4108
+#: freeculture.xml:4131
 msgid ""
 "These are the harms&mdash;alleged and perhaps exaggerated but, let's assume, "
 "real. What of the benefits? File sharing may impose costs on the recording "
@@ -5950,7 +6025,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4120
+#: freeculture.xml:4143
 msgid ""
 "By one estimate, 75 percent of the music released by the major labels is no "
 "longer in print. See Online Entertainment and Copyright Law&mdash;Coming "
@@ -5961,7 +6036,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4114
+#: freeculture.xml:4137
 msgid ""
 "One benefit is type C sharing&mdash;making available content that is "
 "technically still under copyright but is no longer commercially available.  "
@@ -5975,17 +6050,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4133 freeculture.xml:4141 freeculture.xml:4163 freeculture.xml:4185 freeculture.xml:4693 freeculture.xml:6034 freeculture.xml:6039 freeculture.xml:6091 freeculture.xml:6971 freeculture.xml:6972 freeculture.xml:7314 freeculture.xml:7383 freeculture.xml:7417 freeculture.xml:7633 freeculture.xml:13928 freeculture.xml:14654 freeculture.xml:14655
+#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:4716 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6114 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:7337 freeculture.xml:7406 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7656 freeculture.xml:13955 freeculture.xml:14681 freeculture.xml:14682
 msgid "books"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4133 freeculture.xml:4141 freeculture.xml:6972 freeculture.xml:14655
+#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:14682
 msgid "resales of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4141
+#: freeculture.xml:4164
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> While there are not good "
 "estimates of the number of used record stores in existence, in 2002, there "
@@ -5999,7 +6074,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4135
+#: freeculture.xml:4158
 msgid ""
 "In real space&mdash;long before the Internet&mdash;the market had a simple "
 "response to this problem: used book and record stores. There are thousands "
@@ -6014,17 +6089,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4162
+#: freeculture.xml:4185
 msgid "Bernstein, Leonard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4163 freeculture.xml:6034 freeculture.xml:6039 freeculture.xml:6971 freeculture.xml:14654
+#: freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:14681
 msgid "out of print"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4165
+#: freeculture.xml:4188
 msgid ""
 "Type C sharing, then, is very much like used book stores or used record "
 "stores. It is different, of course, because the person making the content "
@@ -6040,7 +6115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4178
+#: freeculture.xml:4201
 msgid ""
 "It may well be, all things considered, that it would be better if the "
 "copyright owner got something from this trade. But just because it may well "
@@ -6051,13 +6126,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4185 freeculture.xml:13928
+#: freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:13955
 msgid "free on-line releases of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 86 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4187
+#: freeculture.xml:4210
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and perhaps most importantly, file-sharing networks enable type D "
 "sharing to occur&mdash;the sharing of content that copyright owners want to "
@@ -6075,7 +6150,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4205
+#: freeculture.xml:4228
 msgid ""
 "Likewise for work in the public domain: This sharing benefits society with "
 "no legal harm to authors at all. If efforts to solve the problem of type A "
@@ -6084,7 +6159,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4211
+#: freeculture.xml:4234
 msgid ""
 "The point throughout is this: While the recording industry understandably "
 "says, <quote>This is how much we've lost,</quote> we must also ask, "
@@ -6094,7 +6169,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4218
+#: freeculture.xml:4241
 msgid ""
 "For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "
 "of the <quote>piracy</quote> that file sharing enables is plainly legal and "
@@ -6110,7 +6185,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4232
+#: freeculture.xml:4255
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the "
 "target just what you call type A sharing?</quote>"
@@ -6118,7 +6193,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4249
+#: freeculture.xml:4272
 msgid ""
 "See Transcript of Proceedings, In Re: Napster Copyright Litigation at 34- 35 "
 "(N.D. Cal., 11 July 2001), nos. MDL-00-1369 MHP, C 99-5183 MHP, available at "
@@ -6129,7 +6204,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4236
+#: freeculture.xml:4259
 msgid ""
 "You would think. And we should hope. But so far, it is not. The effect of "
 "the war purportedly on type A sharing alone has been felt far beyond that "
@@ -6142,7 +6217,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4260
+#: freeculture.xml:4283
 msgid ""
 "If 99.4 percent is not good enough, then this is a war on file-sharing "
 "technologies, not a war on copyright infringement. There is no way to assure "
@@ -6156,7 +6231,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4271
+#: freeculture.xml:4294
 msgid ""
 "Zero tolerance has not been our history. It has not produced the content "
 "industry that we know today. The history of American law has been a process "
@@ -6168,67 +6243,57 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4280
+#: freeculture.xml:4303
 msgid "composers, copyright protections of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4281 freeculture.xml:4282 freeculture.xml:4365 freeculture.xml:4366 freeculture.xml:11705
+#: freeculture.xml:4304 freeculture.xml:4305 freeculture.xml:4388 freeculture.xml:4389 freeculture.xml:11732
 msgid "Congress, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4281 freeculture.xml:4365
+#: freeculture.xml:4304 freeculture.xml:4388
 msgid "on copyright laws"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4282
+#: freeculture.xml:4305
 msgid "on recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4284
+#: freeculture.xml:4307
 msgid "statutory licenses in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4285
+#: freeculture.xml:4308
 msgid "music recordings played on"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4286 freeculture.xml:4287 freeculture.xml:4288
-msgid "recording industry"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4286
-msgid "artist remuneration in"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4287
+#: freeculture.xml:4310
 msgid "copyright protections in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4288
+#: freeculture.xml:4311
 msgid "radio broadcast and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4289
+#: freeculture.xml:4312
 msgid "statutory licenses"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4290
+#: freeculture.xml:4313
 msgid "composer's rights vs. producers' rights in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4292
+#: freeculture.xml:4315
 msgid ""
 "So, as we've seen, when <quote>mechanical reproduction</quote> threatened "
 "the interests of composers, Congress balanced the rights of composers "
@@ -6242,7 +6307,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4305
+#: freeculture.xml:4328
 msgid ""
 "Cable TV followed the pattern of record albums. When the courts rejected the "
 "claim that cable broadcasters had to pay for the content they rebroadcast, "
@@ -6253,7 +6318,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 88 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4316
+#: freeculture.xml:4339
 msgid ""
 "This compromise, like the compromise affecting records and player pianos, "
 "served two important goals&mdash;indeed, the two central goals of any "
@@ -6271,12 +6336,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4334
+#: freeculture.xml:4357
 msgid "Betamax"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4337
+#: freeculture.xml:4360
 msgid ""
 "In the same year that Congress struck this balance, two major producers and "
 "distributors of film content filed a lawsuit against another technology, the "
@@ -6293,7 +6358,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 89 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4351
+#: freeculture.xml:4374
 msgid ""
 "There was something to Disney's and Universal's claim. Sony did decide to "
 "design its machine to make it very simple to record television shows. It "
@@ -6309,13 +6374,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4366
+#: freeculture.xml:4389
 msgid "on VCR technology"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4375
+#: freeculture.xml:4398
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders): Hearing on S. 1758 "
 "Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 97th Cong., 1st and 2nd sess., "
@@ -6325,13 +6390,13 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4387
+#: freeculture.xml:4410
 msgid "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 475."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4392
+#: freeculture.xml:4415
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
 "Corp. of America</citetitle>, 480 F. Supp. 429, (C.D. Cal., 1979)."
@@ -6339,14 +6404,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4403
+#: freeculture.xml:4426
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 485 (testimony of Jack "
 "Valenti)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4368
+#: freeculture.xml:4391
 msgid ""
 "MPAA president Jack Valenti became the studios' most vocal champion. Valenti "
 "called VCRs <quote>tapeworms.</quote> He warned, <quote>When there are 20, "
@@ -6373,19 +6438,19 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4420
+#: freeculture.xml:4443
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
 "Corp. of America</citetitle>, 659 F. 2d 963 (9th Cir.  1981)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4423
+#: freeculture.xml:4446
 msgid "Kozinski, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4408
+#: freeculture.xml:4431
 msgid ""
 "It took eight years for this case to be resolved by the Supreme Court. In "
 "the interim, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes Hollywood in "
@@ -6402,7 +6467,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 90 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4426
+#: freeculture.xml:4449
 msgid ""
 "But the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Ninth Circuit.  And in "
 "its reversal, the Court clearly articulated its understanding of when and "
@@ -6411,14 +6476,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f23 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4445
+#: freeculture.xml:4468
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
 "Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, 431 (1984)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4435
+#: freeculture.xml:4458
 msgid ""
 "Sound policy, as well as history, supports our consistent deference to "
 "Congress when major technological innovations alter the market for "
@@ -6429,7 +6494,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4451
+#: freeculture.xml:4474
 msgid ""
 "Congress was asked to respond to the Supreme Court's decision.  But as with "
 "the plea of recording artists about radio broadcasts, Congress ignored the "
@@ -6439,77 +6504,77 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4462
+#: freeculture.xml:4485
 msgid "CASE"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4463
+#: freeculture.xml:4486
 msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS <quote>PIRATED</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4464
+#: freeculture.xml:4487
 msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4465
+#: freeculture.xml:4488
 msgid "RESPONSE OF CONGRESS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4470
+#: freeculture.xml:4493
 msgid "Recordings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4471
+#: freeculture.xml:4494
 msgid "Composers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4472 freeculture.xml:4484 freeculture.xml:4490
+#: freeculture.xml:4495 freeculture.xml:4507 freeculture.xml:4513
 msgid "No protection"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4473 freeculture.xml:4485
+#: freeculture.xml:4496 freeculture.xml:4508
 msgid "Statutory license"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4477
+#: freeculture.xml:4500
 msgid "Recording artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4478
+#: freeculture.xml:4501
 msgid "N/A"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4479 freeculture.xml:4491
+#: freeculture.xml:4502 freeculture.xml:4514
 msgid "Nothing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4483
+#: freeculture.xml:4506
 msgid "Broadcasters"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4488
+#: freeculture.xml:4511
 msgid "VCR"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4489
+#: freeculture.xml:4512
 msgid "Film creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4501
+#: freeculture.xml:4524
 msgid ""
 "These are the most important instances in our history, but there are other "
 "cases as well. The technology of digital audio tape (DAT), for example, was "
@@ -6526,7 +6591,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4498
+#: freeculture.xml:4521
 msgid ""
 "In each case throughout our history, a new technology changed the way "
 "content was distributed.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In each "
@@ -6536,7 +6601,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 91 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4519
+#: freeculture.xml:4542
 msgid ""
 "In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these cases did either the courts or "
 "Congress eliminate all free riding. In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these "
@@ -6550,7 +6615,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4532
+#: freeculture.xml:4555
 msgid ""
 "When you think across these examples, and the other examples that make up "
 "the first four chapters of this section, this balance makes sense. Was Walt "
@@ -6563,20 +6628,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4543
+#: freeculture.xml:4566
 msgid "on balance of interests in copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f25 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4550
+#: freeculture.xml:4573
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
 "Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4545
+#: freeculture.xml:4568
 msgid ""
 "We could answer yes to each of these questions, but our tradition has "
 "answered no. In our tradition, as the Supreme Court has stated, copyright "
@@ -6590,7 +6655,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4561
+#: freeculture.xml:4584
 msgid ""
 "We should be doing the same thing today. The technology of the Internet is "
 "changing quickly. The way people connect to the Internet (wires "
@@ -6607,7 +6672,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4585
+#: freeculture.xml:4608
 msgid ""
 "John Schwartz, <quote>New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software "
 "Echoes Past Efforts,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22 "
@@ -6615,7 +6680,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4577
+#: freeculture.xml:4600
 msgid ""
 "This is especially true when a new technology enables a vastly superior mode "
 "of distribution. And this p2p has done. P2p technologies can be ideally "
@@ -6627,7 +6692,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4590
+#: freeculture.xml:4613
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Yet when anyone</emphasis> begins to talk about "
 "<quote>balance,</quote> the copyright warriors raise a different "
@@ -6641,7 +6706,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4602
+#: freeculture.xml:4625
 msgid ""
 "<quote>It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,</quote> the warriors "
 "insist. <quote>And it should be protected just as any other property is "
@@ -6649,13 +6714,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4611
+#: freeculture.xml:4634
 msgid "<quote>PROPERTY</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 94 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4616
+#: freeculture.xml:4639
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The copyright warriors</emphasis> are right: A "
 "copyright is a kind of property. It can be owned and sold, and the law "
@@ -6665,7 +6730,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4623
+#: freeculture.xml:4646
 msgid ""
 "But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a <quote>property</quote> "
 "right is a bit misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of "
@@ -6679,13 +6744,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4634 freeculture.xml:6325 freeculture.xml:13915
+#: freeculture.xml:4657 freeculture.xml:6348 freeculture.xml:13942
 msgid "Jefferson, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4649
+#: freeculture.xml:4672
 msgid ""
 "Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson (13 August 1813) in "
 "<citetitle>The Writings of Thomas Jefferson</citetitle>, vol. 6 (Andrew "
@@ -6693,7 +6758,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4636
+#: freeculture.xml:4659
 msgid ""
 "The point is not just about the thingness of picnic tables versus ideas, "
 "though that's an important difference. The point instead is that in the "
@@ -6709,12 +6774,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4654
+#: freeculture.xml:4677
 msgid "intangibility of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4656
+#: freeculture.xml:4679
 msgid ""
 "The exceptions to free use are ideas and expressions within the reach of the "
 "law of patent and copyright, and a few other domains that I won't discuss "
@@ -6724,7 +6789,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4669
+#: freeculture.xml:4692
 msgid ""
 "As the legal realists taught American law, all property rights are "
 "intangible.  A property right is simply a right that an individual has "
@@ -6736,7 +6801,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4664
+#: freeculture.xml:4687
 msgid ""
 "But how, and to what extent, and in what form&mdash;the details, in other "
 "words&mdash;matter. To get a good sense of how this practice of turning the "
@@ -6746,7 +6811,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4679
+#: freeculture.xml:4702
 msgid ""
 "My strategy in doing this will be the same as my strategy in the preceding "
 "part. I offer four stories to help put the idea of <quote>copyright material "
@@ -6759,32 +6824,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4692
+#: freeculture.xml:4715
 msgid "CHAPTER SIX: Founders"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4693
+#: freeculture.xml:4716
 msgid "English copyright law developed for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4694 freeculture.xml:4847
+#: freeculture.xml:4717 freeculture.xml:4870
 msgid "Branagh, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4695
+#: freeculture.xml:4718
 msgid "Henry V"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4697
+#: freeculture.xml:4720
 msgid "Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4699
+#: freeculture.xml:4722
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>William Shakespeare</emphasis> wrote "
 "<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. The play was first "
@@ -6798,27 +6863,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4710
+#: freeculture.xml:4733
 msgid "Conger"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4711
+#: freeculture.xml:4734
 msgid "Tonson, Jacob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4717
+#: freeculture.xml:4740
 msgid "Jonson, Ben"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4718
+#: freeculture.xml:4741
 msgid "Dryden, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4717
+#: freeculture.xml:4740
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with "
@@ -6833,7 +6898,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4730
+#: freeculture.xml:4753
 msgid ""
 "Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical "
 "Perspective</citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), "
@@ -6842,7 +6907,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 97 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4713
+#: freeculture.xml:4736
 msgid ""
 "In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
 "written, the <quote>copy-right</quote> for the work was still thought by "
@@ -6858,17 +6923,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4742
+#: freeculture.xml:4765
 msgid "British Parliament"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4743 freeculture.xml:4825 freeculture.xml:6905
+#: freeculture.xml:4766 freeculture.xml:4848 freeculture.xml:6928
 msgid "Statute of Anne (1710)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4754
+#: freeculture.xml:4777
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely "
 "argues, it is erroneous to call this a <quote>copyright law.</quote> See "
@@ -6876,7 +6941,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4745
+#: freeculture.xml:4768
 msgid ""
 "Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
 "little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
@@ -6891,12 +6956,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4763
+#: freeculture.xml:4786
 msgid "Licensing Act (1662)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4765
+#: freeculture.xml:4788
 msgid ""
 "The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a "
 "<quote>copyright</quote> was&mdash;indeed, no one had. At the time the "
@@ -6909,7 +6974,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4776
+#: freeculture.xml:4799
 msgid ""
 "There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
 "there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
@@ -6925,7 +6990,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 98 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4788
+#: freeculture.xml:4811
 msgid ""
 "This question was important to the publishers, or "
 "<quote>booksellers,</quote> as they were called, because there was growing "
@@ -6937,7 +7002,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4800
+#: freeculture.xml:4823
 msgid ""
 "The Statute of Anne granted the author or <quote>proprietor</quote> of a "
 "book an exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, "
@@ -6948,7 +7013,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4809
+#: freeculture.xml:4832
 msgid ""
 "Now, the thing to puzzle about for a moment is this: Why would Parliament "
 "limit the exclusive right? Not why would they limit it to the particular "
@@ -6957,7 +7022,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4815
+#: freeculture.xml:4838
 msgid ""
 "For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "
 "strong claim. Take <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> as an example: "
@@ -6971,7 +7036,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4827
+#: freeculture.xml:4850
 msgid ""
 "The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "
 "the notion of <quote>copyright</quote> that existed at the time of the "
@@ -6981,7 +7046,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 99 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4833
+#: freeculture.xml:4856
 msgid ""
 "First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
 "apply the concept of <quote>copyright</quote> ever more broadly. But in "
@@ -6997,7 +7062,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4849
+#: freeculture.xml:4872
 msgid ""
 "So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
 "perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the term "
@@ -7010,17 +7075,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4858
+#: freeculture.xml:4881
 msgid "Henry VIII, King of England"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4859
+#: freeculture.xml:4882
 msgid "Statute of Monopolies (1656)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4861
+#: freeculture.xml:4884
 msgid ""
 "Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British.  They had "
 "had a long and ugly experience with <quote>exclusive rights,</quote> "
@@ -7035,7 +7100,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4874
+#: freeculture.xml:4897
 msgid ""
 "Thus the <quote>copy-right,</quote> when viewed as a monopoly right, was "
 "naturally viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the "
@@ -7047,20 +7112,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4882
+#: freeculture.xml:4905
 msgid "booksellers, English"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4899
+#: freeculture.xml:4922
 msgid ""
 "Philip Wittenberg, <citetitle>The Protection and Marketing of Literary "
 "Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4884
+#: freeculture.xml:4907
 msgid ""
 "Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a "
 "monopoly. It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers.  "
@@ -7076,7 +7141,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4904
+#: freeculture.xml:4927
 msgid ""
 "Many believed the power the booksellers exercised over the spread of "
 "knowledge was harming that spread, just at the time the Enlightenment was "
@@ -7086,7 +7151,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4912
+#: freeculture.xml:4935
 msgid ""
 "To balance this power, Parliament decided to increase competition among "
 "booksellers, and the simplest way to do that was to spread the wealth of "
@@ -7100,7 +7165,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4924
+#: freeculture.xml:4947
 msgid ""
 "When 1731 (1710 + 21) came along, however, the booksellers were getting "
 "anxious. They saw the consequences of more competition, and like every "
@@ -7112,7 +7177,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4933
+#: freeculture.xml:4956
 msgid ""
 "Parliament rejected their requests. As one pamphleteer put it, in words that "
 "echo today,"
@@ -7120,7 +7185,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4948
+#: freeculture.xml:4971
 msgid ""
 "A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the Bill now depending in the "
 "House of Commons, for making more effectual an Act in the Eighth Year of the "
@@ -7132,7 +7197,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4938
+#: freeculture.xml:4961
 msgid ""
 "I see no Reason for granting a further Term now, which will not hold as well "
 "for granting it again and again, as often as the Old ones Expire; so that "
@@ -7144,7 +7209,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4959
+#: freeculture.xml:4982
 msgid ""
 "Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a series "
 "of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of Anne gave "
@@ -7161,12 +7226,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4973 freeculture.xml:4981 freeculture.xml:5028
+#: freeculture.xml:4996 freeculture.xml:5004 freeculture.xml:5051
 msgid "Patterson, Raymond"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4981
+#: freeculture.xml:5004
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, <quote>Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair "
@@ -7175,7 +7240,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4975
+#: freeculture.xml:4998
 msgid ""
 "This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
 "leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah.  Until "
@@ -7188,14 +7253,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4995
+#: freeculture.xml:5018
 msgid ""
 "For a compelling account, see David Saunders, <citetitle>Authorship and "
 "Copyright</citetitle> (London: Routledge, 1992), 62&ndash;69."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4991
+#: freeculture.xml:5014
 msgid ""
 "The booksellers' argument was not accepted without a fight.  The hero of "
 "this fight was a Scottish bookseller named Alexander Donaldson.<placeholder "
@@ -7203,22 +7268,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4999
+#: freeculture.xml:5022
 msgid "Boswell, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5000
+#: freeculture.xml:5023
 msgid "Erskine, Andrew"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5009 freeculture.xml:15078
+#: freeculture.xml:5032 freeculture.xml:15105
 msgid "Rose, Mark"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5007
+#: freeculture.xml:5030
 msgid ""
 "Mark Rose, <citetitle>Authors and Owners</citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard "
 "University Press, 1993), 92.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
@@ -7226,12 +7291,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5018
+#: freeculture.xml:5041
 msgid "Ibid., 93."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5002
+#: freeculture.xml:5025
 msgid ""
 "Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
 "Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints "
@@ -7245,7 +7310,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5028
+#: freeculture.xml:5051
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, "
 "<citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</citetitle>, 167 (quoting "
@@ -7253,7 +7318,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5022
+#: freeculture.xml:5045
 msgid ""
 "When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
 "he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "
@@ -7265,7 +7330,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5037
+#: freeculture.xml:5060
 msgid ""
 "The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block <quote>piracy</quote> "
 "like Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the "
@@ -7274,18 +7339,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5041
+#: freeculture.xml:5064
 msgid "Seasons, The (Thomson)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5042
+#: freeculture.xml:5065
 msgid "Taylor, Robert"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5051
+#: freeculture.xml:5074
 msgid ""
 "Howard B. Abrams, <quote>The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
 "Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>Wayne Law "
@@ -7293,7 +7358,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5044
+#: freeculture.xml:5067
 msgid ""
 "Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
 "Thomson's poem <quote>The Seasons.</quote> Millar complied with the "
@@ -7305,7 +7370,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5058
+#: freeculture.xml:5081
 msgid ""
 "Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
 "history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
@@ -7320,7 +7385,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 103 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5069
+#: freeculture.xml:5092
 msgid ""
 "Considered as a matter of abstract justice&mdash;reasoning as if justice "
 "were just a matter of logical deduction from first "
@@ -7335,25 +7400,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5084
+#: freeculture.xml:5107
 msgid ""
 "The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
 "however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5087
+#: freeculture.xml:5110
 msgid "Beckett, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5093
+#: freeculture.xml:5116
 msgid "Ibid., 1156."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5089
+#: freeculture.xml:5112
 msgid ""
 "Millar died soon after his victory, so his case was not appealed. His estate "
 "sold Thomson's poems to a syndicate of printers that included Thomas "
@@ -7367,7 +7432,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5103
+#: freeculture.xml:5126
 msgid ""
 "As few legal cases ever do, <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> drew an enormous amount of attention "
@@ -7380,7 +7445,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5113
+#: freeculture.xml:5136
 msgid ""
 "The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "
 "the House and voted upon first by the <quote>law lords,</quote> members of "
@@ -7391,7 +7456,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 104 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5120
+#: freeculture.xml:5143
 msgid ""
 "The reports about the law lords' votes are mixed. On some counts, it looks "
 "as if perpetual copyright prevailed. But there is no ambiguity about how the "
@@ -7403,27 +7468,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5138
+#: freeculture.xml:5161
 msgid "Bacon, Francis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5139
+#: freeculture.xml:5162
 msgid "Bunyan, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5140
+#: freeculture.xml:5163
 msgid "Johnson, Samuel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5141
+#: freeculture.xml:5164
 msgid "Milton, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5130
+#: freeculture.xml:5153
 msgid ""
 "<quote>The public domain.</quote> Before the case of "
 "<citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there "
@@ -7440,12 +7505,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5155
+#: freeculture.xml:5178
 msgid "Rose, 97."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5145
+#: freeculture.xml:5168
 msgid ""
 "It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
 "an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "
@@ -7460,7 +7525,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5159
+#: freeculture.xml:5182
 msgid ""
 "In London, however, at least among publishers, the reaction was equally "
 "strong in the opposite direction. The <citetitle>Morning "
@@ -7468,7 +7533,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5165
+#: freeculture.xml:5188
 msgid ""
 "By the above decision &hellip; near 200,000 pounds worth of what was "
 "honestly purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property "
@@ -7482,7 +7547,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 105 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5180
+#: freeculture.xml:5203
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Ruined</quote> is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an "
 "exaggeration to say that the change was profound. The decision of the House "
@@ -7505,7 +7570,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5202
+#: freeculture.xml:5225
 msgid ""
 "At least, this was the rule in a world where the Parliament is antimonopoly, "
 "resistant to the protectionist pleas of publishers. In a world where the "
@@ -7513,12 +7578,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5212
+#: freeculture.xml:5235
 msgid "CHAPTER SEVEN: Recorders"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5214
+#: freeculture.xml:5237
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Jon Else</emphasis> is a filmmaker. He is best known "
 "for his documentaries and has been very successful in spreading his art. He "
@@ -7528,19 +7593,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5221
+#: freeculture.xml:5244
 msgid ""
 "Else worked on a documentary that I was involved in. At a break, he told me "
 "a story about the freedom to create with film in America today."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5232 freeculture.xml:5295
+#: freeculture.xml:5255 freeculture.xml:5318
 msgid "San Francisco Opera"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5226
+#: freeculture.xml:5249
 msgid ""
 "In 1990, Else was working on a documentary about Wagner's Ring Cycle. The "
 "focus was stagehands at the San Francisco Opera.  Stagehands are a "
@@ -7552,7 +7617,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 107 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5235
+#: freeculture.xml:5258
 msgid ""
 "During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
 "checkers. In one corner of the room was a television set.  Playing on the "
@@ -7563,7 +7628,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5244
+#: freeculture.xml:5267
 msgid ""
 "Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
 "attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
@@ -7574,12 +7639,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5250 freeculture.xml:5258
+#: freeculture.xml:5273 freeculture.xml:5281
 msgid "Gracie Films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5252
+#: freeculture.xml:5275
 msgid ""
 "Else called <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> creator Matt Groening's office "
 "to get permission.  Groening approved the shot. The shot was a "
@@ -7589,7 +7654,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5260
+#: freeculture.xml:5283
 msgid ""
 "Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted to be "
 "careful. So they told Else to contact Fox, Gracie's parent company.  Else "
@@ -7599,7 +7664,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5267
+#: freeculture.xml:5290
 msgid ""
 "Then, as Else told me, <quote>two things happened. First we discovered "
 "&hellip; that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation&mdash;or at least "
@@ -7610,12 +7675,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5274
+#: freeculture.xml:5297
 msgid "Herrera, Rebecca"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5276
+#: freeculture.xml:5299
 msgid ""
 "Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
 "thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera.  He explained "
@@ -7627,7 +7692,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 108 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5284
+#: freeculture.xml:5307
 msgid ""
 "<quote>I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,</quote> he told "
 "me. <quote>Yes, you have your facts straight,</quote> she said. It would "
@@ -7639,12 +7704,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5296
+#: freeculture.xml:5319
 msgid "Day After Trinity, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5298
+#: freeculture.xml:5321
 msgid ""
 "Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
 "the television backstage at the San Francisco Opera. To reproduce this "
@@ -7655,7 +7720,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5306
+#: freeculture.xml:5329
 msgid ""
 "There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "
 "copyright to <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>. That copyright is their "
@@ -7669,7 +7734,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5317
+#: freeculture.xml:5340
 msgid ""
 "For example, <quote>public performance</quote> is a use of <citetitle>The "
 "Simpsons</citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a "
@@ -7682,7 +7747,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5329
+#: freeculture.xml:5352
 msgid ""
 "For an excellent argument that such use is <quote>fair use,</quote> but that "
 "lawyers don't permit recognition that it is <quote>fair use,</quote> see "
@@ -7692,7 +7757,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5326
+#: freeculture.xml:5349
 msgid ""
 "But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
 "is <quote>fair use.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's "
@@ -7704,14 +7769,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 109 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5341
+#: freeculture.xml:5364
 msgid ""
 "So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon <quote>fair use.</quote> Here's "
 "his reply:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5345
+#: freeculture.xml:5368
 msgid ""
 "The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
 "gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what "
@@ -7723,7 +7788,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5355
+#: freeculture.xml:5378
 msgid ""
 "Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
 "and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed <quote>visual cue "
@@ -7733,18 +7798,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5362
+#: freeculture.xml:5385
 msgid "<citetitle>Star Wars</citetitle>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5363
+#: freeculture.xml:5386
 msgid "Lucas, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5366
+#: freeculture.xml:5389
 msgid ""
 "I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But I "
 "knew (at least from folklore) that Fox had a history of tracking down and "
@@ -7760,7 +7825,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  3. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 110 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5378
+#: freeculture.xml:5401
 msgid ""
 "I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "
 "&hellip; who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
@@ -7771,14 +7836,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5388
+#: freeculture.xml:5411
 msgid ""
 "The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
 "are up against a release deadline and out of money."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5395
+#: freeculture.xml:5418
 msgid ""
 "In theory, fair use means you need no permission. The theory therefore "
 "supports free culture and insulates against a permission culture.  But in "
@@ -7789,7 +7854,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5403
+#: freeculture.xml:5426
 msgid ""
 "This practice shows just how far the law has come from its "
 "eighteenth-century roots. The law was born as a shield to protect "
@@ -7798,22 +7863,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5412
+#: freeculture.xml:5435
 msgid "CHAPTER EIGHT: Transformers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5413
+#: freeculture.xml:5436
 msgid "Allen, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5414 freeculture.xml:5474 freeculture.xml:5659 freeculture.xml:10131 freeculture.xml:14445
+#: freeculture.xml:5437 freeculture.xml:5497 freeculture.xml:5682 freeculture.xml:10158 freeculture.xml:14472
 msgid "Alben, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5417
+#: freeculture.xml:5440
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1993</emphasis>, Alex Alben was a lawyer working "
 "at Starwave, Inc.  Starwave was an innovative company founded by Microsoft "
@@ -7823,17 +7888,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5424
+#: freeculture.xml:5447
 msgid "retrospective compilations on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5425
+#: freeculture.xml:5448
 msgid "CD-ROMs, film clips used in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5427
+#: freeculture.xml:5450
 msgid ""
 "Alben had a special interest in new technology. He was intrigued by the "
 "emerging market for CD-ROM technology&mdash;not to distribute film, but to "
@@ -7845,7 +7910,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5437
+#: freeculture.xml:5460
 msgid ""
 "At that time, Eastwood had made more than fifty films, as an actor and as a "
 "director. Alben began with a series of interviews with Eastwood, asking him "
@@ -7855,7 +7920,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 112 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5444
+#: freeculture.xml:5467
 msgid ""
 "That alone would not have made a very interesting product, so Starwave "
 "wanted to add content from the movies in Eastwood's career: posters, "
@@ -7865,7 +7930,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5451
+#: freeculture.xml:5474
 msgid ""
 "Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. <quote>Our "
 "goal was that we were going to have a clip from every one of Eastwood's "
@@ -7876,19 +7941,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5459
+#: freeculture.xml:5482
 msgid ""
 "Alben brought the idea to Michael Slade, the CEO of Starwave.  Slade asked, "
 "<quote>Well, what will it take?</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5473
+#: freeculture.xml:5496
 msgid "publicity rights on images of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5469
+#: freeculture.xml:5492
 msgid ""
 "Technically, the rights that Alben had to clear were mainly those of "
 "publicity&mdash;rights an artist has to control the commercial exploitation "
@@ -7898,7 +7963,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5463
+#: freeculture.xml:5486
 msgid ""
 "Alben replied, <quote>Well, we're going to have to clear rights from "
 "everyone who appears in these films, and the music and everything else that "
@@ -7907,7 +7972,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5478
+#: freeculture.xml:5501
 msgid ""
 "The problem was that neither Alben nor Slade had any idea what clearing "
 "those rights would mean. Every actor in each of the films could have a claim "
@@ -7917,7 +7982,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5485
+#: freeculture.xml:5508
 msgid ""
 "I asked Alben how he dealt with the problem. With an obvious pride in his "
 "resourcefulness that obscured the obvious bizarreness of his tale, Alben "
@@ -7925,7 +7990,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5491
+#: freeculture.xml:5514
 msgid ""
 "So we very mechanically went about looking up the film clips.  We made some "
 "artistic decisions about what film clips to include&mdash;of course we were "
@@ -7937,7 +8002,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 113 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5500
+#: freeculture.xml:5523
 msgid ""
 "We decided that it would be fair if we offered them the dayplayer rate for "
 "the right to reuse that performance. We're talking about a clip of less than "
@@ -7950,12 +8015,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5511
+#: freeculture.xml:5534
 msgid "Sutherland, Donald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5513
+#: freeculture.xml:5536
 msgid ""
 "Some actors were glad to help&mdash;Donald Sutherland, for example, followed "
 "up himself to be sure that the rights had been cleared.  Others were "
@@ -7968,14 +8033,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5524
+#: freeculture.xml:5547
 msgid ""
 "It was one <emphasis>year</emphasis> later&mdash;<quote>and even then we "
 "weren't sure whether we were totally in the clear.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5528
+#: freeculture.xml:5551
 msgid ""
 "Alben is proud of his work. The project was the first of its kind and the "
 "only time he knew of that a team had undertaken such a massive project for "
@@ -7983,7 +8048,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5534
+#: freeculture.xml:5557
 msgid ""
 "Everyone thought it would be too hard. Everyone just threw up their hands "
 "and said, <quote>Oh, my gosh, a film, it's so many copyrights, there's the "
@@ -7996,20 +8061,20 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 114 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5546
+#: freeculture.xml:5569
 msgid ""
 "And no doubt, the product itself was exceptionally good. Eastwood loved it, "
 "and it sold very well."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5549
+#: freeculture.xml:5572
 msgid "Drucker, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5557
+#: freeculture.xml:5580
 msgid ""
 "U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Acquisition Management, "
 "<citetitle>Seven Steps to Performance-Based Services "
@@ -8018,7 +8083,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5551
+#: freeculture.xml:5574
 msgid ""
 "But I pressed Alben about how weird it seems that it would have to take a "
 "year's work simply to clear rights. No doubt Alben had done this "
@@ -8029,7 +8094,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5565
+#: freeculture.xml:5588
 msgid ""
 "For, as he acknowledged, <quote>very few &hellip; have the time and "
 "resources, and the will to do this,</quote> and thus, very few such works "
@@ -8039,7 +8104,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5573
+#: freeculture.xml:5596
 msgid ""
 "I don't think so. When an actor renders a performance in a movie, he or she "
 "gets paid very well. &hellip; And then when 30 seconds of that performance "
@@ -8048,7 +8113,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5581
+#: freeculture.xml:5604
 msgid ""
 "Or at least, is this <emphasis>how</emphasis> the artist should be "
 "compensated? Would it make sense, I asked, for there to be some kind of "
@@ -8061,7 +8126,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 115 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5592
+#: freeculture.xml:5615
 msgid ""
 "Absolutely. I think that if there were some fair-licensing "
 "mechanism&mdash;where you weren't subject to hold-ups and you weren't "
@@ -8082,7 +8147,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5612
+#: freeculture.xml:5635
 msgid ""
 "Alben worked for a big company. His company was backed by some of the "
 "richest investors in the world. He therefore had authority and access that "
@@ -8092,7 +8157,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5621
+#: freeculture.xml:5644
 msgid ""
 "These costs are the burdens of a kind of regulation. Put on a Republican hat "
 "for a moment, and get angry for a bit. The government defines the scope of "
@@ -8107,7 +8172,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 116 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5634
+#: freeculture.xml:5657
 msgid ""
 "I've seen the flash of recognition when people get this point, but only a "
 "few times. The first was at a conference of federal judges in California.  "
@@ -8118,7 +8183,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5644
+#: freeculture.xml:5667
 msgid ""
 "The video was a brilliant collage of film from every period in the twentieth "
 "century, all framed around the idea of a <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> "
@@ -8127,12 +8192,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5649
+#: freeculture.xml:5672
 msgid "Nimmer, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5651
+#: freeculture.xml:5674
 msgid ""
 "When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
 "perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
@@ -8143,12 +8208,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5658
+#: freeculture.xml:5681
 msgid "Boies, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5661
+#: freeculture.xml:5684
 msgid ""
 "For of course, the two brilliantly talented creators who made this film "
 "hadn't done what Alben did. They hadn't spent a year clearing the rights to "
@@ -8165,7 +8230,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5676
+#: freeculture.xml:5699
 msgid ""
 "We live in a <quote>cut and paste</quote> culture enabled by "
 "technology. Anyone building a presentation knows the extraordinary freedom "
@@ -8175,13 +8240,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5682
+#: freeculture.xml:5705
 msgid "Camp Chaos"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 117 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5684
+#: freeculture.xml:5707
 msgid ""
 "But presentations are just a tiny beginning. Using the Internet and its "
 "archives, musicians are able to string together mixes of sound never before "
@@ -8194,7 +8259,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5695
+#: freeculture.xml:5718
 msgid ""
 "All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators wanted "
 "to be <quote>legal,</quote> the cost of complying with the law is impossibly "
@@ -8204,7 +8269,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5702
+#: freeculture.xml:5725
 msgid ""
 "To some, these stories suggest a solution: Let's alter the mix of rights so "
 "that people are free to build upon our culture. Free to add or mix as they "
@@ -8221,7 +8286,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5717
+#: freeculture.xml:5740
 msgid ""
 "Who could possibly object to this? And what reason would there be for "
 "objecting? We're talking about work that is not now being made; which if "
@@ -8231,7 +8296,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 118 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5723
+#: freeculture.xml:5746
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In February 2003</emphasis>, DreamWorks studios "
 "announced an agreement with Mike Myers, the comic genius of "
@@ -8245,7 +8310,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5736
+#: freeculture.xml:5759
 msgid ""
 "The announcement called this <quote>film sampling.</quote> As Myers "
 "explained, <quote>Film Sampling is an exciting way to put an original spin "
@@ -8257,7 +8322,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5745
+#: freeculture.xml:5768
 msgid ""
 "Spielberg is right. Film sampling by Myers will be brilliant. But if you "
 "don't think about it, you might miss the truly astonishing point about this "
@@ -8270,7 +8335,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5755
+#: freeculture.xml:5778
 msgid ""
 "This privilege becomes reserved for two sorts of reasons. The first "
 "continues the story of the last chapter: the vagueness of <quote>fair "
@@ -8286,22 +8351,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5770
+#: freeculture.xml:5793
 msgid "CHAPTER NINE: Collectors"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5771 freeculture.xml:8929 freeculture.xml:11150 freeculture.xml:11395
+#: freeculture.xml:5794 freeculture.xml:8952 freeculture.xml:11177 freeculture.xml:11422
 msgid "archives, digital"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5772 freeculture.xml:8228
+#: freeculture.xml:5795 freeculture.xml:8251
 msgid "bots"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5774
+#: freeculture.xml:5797
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In April 1996</emphasis>, millions of "
 "<quote>bots</quote>&mdash;computer codes designed to <quote>spider,</quote> "
@@ -8314,12 +8379,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5784 freeculture.xml:5815 freeculture.xml:5877
+#: freeculture.xml:5807 freeculture.xml:5838 freeculture.xml:5900
 msgid "Way Back Machine"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5786
+#: freeculture.xml:5809
 msgid ""
 "By October 2001, the bots had collected more than five years of copies. And "
 "at a small announcement in Berkeley, California, the archive that these "
@@ -8330,12 +8395,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5793
+#: freeculture.xml:5816
 msgid "Orwell, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5795
+#: freeculture.xml:5818
 msgid ""
 "This is the thing about the Internet that Orwell would have appreciated.  In "
 "the dystopia described in <citetitle>1984</citetitle>, old newspapers were "
@@ -8345,7 +8410,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 120 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5803
+#: freeculture.xml:5826
 msgid ""
 "Thousands of workers constantly reedited the past, meaning there was no way "
 "ever to know whether the story you were reading today was the story that was "
@@ -8353,7 +8418,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5808
+#: freeculture.xml:5831
 msgid ""
 "It's the same with the Internet. If you go to a Web page today, there's no "
 "way for you to know whether the content you are reading is the same as the "
@@ -8363,12 +8428,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5824
+#: freeculture.xml:5847
 msgid "White House press releases"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5823
+#: freeculture.xml:5846
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the "
@@ -8379,7 +8444,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5817
+#: freeculture.xml:5840
 msgid ""
 "Until the Way Back Machine, at least. With the Way Back Machine, and the "
 "Internet Archive underlying it, you can see what the Internet was. You have "
@@ -8389,12 +8454,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5832
+#: freeculture.xml:5855
 msgid "history, records of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5834
+#: freeculture.xml:5857
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>We take it</emphasis> for granted that we can go "
 "back to see what we remember reading. Think about newspapers. If you wanted "
@@ -8407,7 +8472,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5845
+#: freeculture.xml:5868
 msgid ""
 "It is said that those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat "
 "it. That's not quite correct. We <emphasis>all</emphasis> forget "
@@ -8420,7 +8485,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 121 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5854
+#: freeculture.xml:5877
 msgid ""
 "The Internet was an exception to this presumption. Until the Internet "
 "Archive, there was no way to go back. The Internet was the quintessentially "
@@ -8432,7 +8497,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5865
+#: freeculture.xml:5888
 msgid ""
 "Brewster Kahle is the founder of the Internet Archive. He was a very "
 "successful Internet entrepreneur after he was a successful computer "
@@ -8445,32 +8510,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5874 freeculture.xml:5929
+#: freeculture.xml:5897 freeculture.xml:5952
 msgid "Library of Congress"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5875
+#: freeculture.xml:5898
 msgid "Television Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5876
+#: freeculture.xml:5899
 msgid "Vanderbilt University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5878
+#: freeculture.xml:5901
 msgid "libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5878
+#: freeculture.xml:5901
 msgid "archival function of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5881
+#: freeculture.xml:5904
 msgid ""
 "The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in human "
 "history. At the end of 2002, it held <quote>two hundred and thirty terabytes "
@@ -8490,18 +8555,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5898
+#: freeculture.xml:5921
 msgid "Quayle, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5899
+#: freeculture.xml:5922
 msgid "60 Minutes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 122 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5901
+#: freeculture.xml:5924
 msgid ""
 "Do you remember when Dan Quayle was interacting with Murphy Brown? Remember "
 "that back and forth surreal experience of a politician interacting with a "
@@ -8513,17 +8578,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5912
+#: freeculture.xml:5935
 msgid "newspapers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5912
+#: freeculture.xml:5935
 msgid "archives of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5914
+#: freeculture.xml:5937
 msgid ""
 "Why is that? Why is it that the part of our culture that is recorded in "
 "newspapers remains perpetually accessible, while the part that is recorded "
@@ -8534,7 +8599,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5922
+#: freeculture.xml:5945
 msgid ""
 "In part, this is because of the law. Early in American copyright law, "
 "copyright owners were required to deposit copies of their work in "
@@ -8544,13 +8609,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5930 freeculture.xml:5974
+#: freeculture.xml:5953 freeculture.xml:5997
 msgid "archive of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5941
+#: freeculture.xml:5964
 msgid ""
 "Doug Herrick, <quote>Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at "
 "the Library of Congress,</quote> <citetitle>Film Library "
@@ -8560,7 +8625,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5932
+#: freeculture.xml:5955
 msgid ""
 "These rules applied to film as well. But in 1915, the Library of Congress "
 "made an exception for film. Film could be copyrighted so long as such "
@@ -8573,7 +8638,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5949
+#: freeculture.xml:5972
 msgid ""
 "The same is generally true about television. Television broadcasts were "
 "originally not copyrighted&mdash;there was no way to capture the broadcasts, "
@@ -8588,7 +8653,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 123 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5961
+#: freeculture.xml:5984
 msgid ""
 "Kahle was eager to correct this. Before September 11, 2001, he and his "
 "allies had started capturing television. They selected twenty stations from "
@@ -8600,37 +8665,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5971
+#: freeculture.xml:5994
 msgid "Movie Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5972
+#: freeculture.xml:5995
 msgid "archive.org"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5972 freeculture.xml:5975
+#: freeculture.xml:5995 freeculture.xml:5998
 msgid "Internet Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5976
+#: freeculture.xml:5999
 msgid "Duck and Cover film"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5977
+#: freeculture.xml:6000
 msgid "ephemeral films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5978
+#: freeculture.xml:6001
 msgid "Prelinger, Rick"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5980
+#: freeculture.xml:6003
 msgid ""
 "Kahle had the same idea with film. Working with Rick Prelinger, whose "
 "archive of film includes close to 45,000 <quote>ephemeral films</quote> "
@@ -8650,7 +8715,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5998
+#: freeculture.xml:6021
 msgid ""
 "Here again, Kahle is providing access to a part of our culture that we "
 "otherwise could not get easily, if at all. It is yet another part of what "
@@ -8660,7 +8725,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6006
+#: freeculture.xml:6029
 msgid ""
 "The key here is access, not price. Kahle wants to enable free access to this "
 "content, but he also wants to enable others to sell access to it. His aim is "
@@ -8671,7 +8736,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 124 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6014
+#: freeculture.xml:6037
 msgid ""
 "For here is an idea that we should more clearly recognize. Every bit of "
 "creative property goes through different <quote>lives.</quote> In its first "
@@ -8683,7 +8748,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6026
+#: freeculture.xml:6049
 msgid ""
 "After the commercial life of creative property has ended, our tradition has "
 "always supported a second life as well. A newspaper delivers the news every "
@@ -8694,7 +8759,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6039
+#: freeculture.xml:6062
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Dave Barns, <quote>Fledgling "
 "Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar Owner Starts a New Chapter "
@@ -8706,7 +8771,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6036
+#: freeculture.xml:6059
 msgid ""
 "The same has always been true about books. A book goes out of print very "
 "quickly (the average today is after about a year<placeholder "
@@ -8718,7 +8783,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6054
+#: freeculture.xml:6077
 msgid ""
 "Yet increasingly, any assumption about a stable second life for creative "
 "property does not hold true with the most important components of popular "
@@ -8732,7 +8797,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 125 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6065
+#: freeculture.xml:6088
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>For most of</emphasis> the twentieth century, it was "
 "economics that made this so. It would have been insanely expensive to "
@@ -8745,7 +8810,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6077
+#: freeculture.xml:6100
 msgid ""
 "Perhaps the single most important feature of the digital revolution is that "
 "for the first time since the Library of Alexandria, it is feasible to "
@@ -8756,7 +8821,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6085
+#: freeculture.xml:6108
 msgid ""
 "The scale of this potential archive is something we've never imagined "
 "before. The Brewster Kahles of our history have dreamed about it; but we are "
@@ -8765,12 +8830,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6091
+#: freeculture.xml:6114
 msgid "total number of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6093
+#: freeculture.xml:6116
 msgid ""
 "It looks like there's about two to three million recordings of music.  "
 "Ever. There are about a hundred thousand theatrical releases of movies, "
@@ -8787,7 +8852,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 126 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6108
+#: freeculture.xml:6131
 msgid ""
 "Kahle is not the only librarian. The Internet Archive is not the only "
 "archive. But Kahle and the Internet Archive suggest what the future of "
@@ -8803,7 +8868,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6123
+#: freeculture.xml:6146
 msgid ""
 "Technologists have thus removed the economic costs of building such an "
 "archive. But lawyers' costs remain. For as much as we might like to call "
@@ -8815,22 +8880,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6134
+#: freeculture.xml:6157
 msgid "CHAPTER TEN: <quote>Property</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6135
+#: freeculture.xml:6158
 msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6136 freeculture.xml:9887
+#: freeculture.xml:6159 freeculture.xml:9914
 msgid "Kennedy, John F."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6138
+#: freeculture.xml:6161
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Jack Valenti</emphasis> has been the president of "
 "the Motion Picture Association of America since 1966. He first came to "
@@ -8842,37 +8907,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6148
+#: freeculture.xml:6171
 msgid "Sony Pictures Entertainment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6149
+#: freeculture.xml:6172
 msgid "MGM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6150
+#: freeculture.xml:6173
 msgid "Paramount Pictures"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6151
+#: freeculture.xml:6174
 msgid "Twentieth Century Fox"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6152
+#: freeculture.xml:6175
 msgid "Universal Pictures"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6153 freeculture.xml:7599 freeculture.xml:7770
+#: freeculture.xml:6176 freeculture.xml:7622 freeculture.xml:7793
 msgid "Warner Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6155
+#: freeculture.xml:6178
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA is the American branch of the international Motion Picture "
 "Association. It was formed in 1922 as a trade association whose goal was to "
@@ -8887,7 +8952,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 128 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6168
+#: freeculture.xml:6191
 msgid ""
 "Valenti is only the third president of the MPAA. No president before him has "
 "had as much influence over that organization, or over Washington. As a "
@@ -8901,7 +8966,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6180
+#: freeculture.xml:6203
 msgid ""
 "In defending artistic liberty and the freedom of speech that our culture "
 "depends upon, the MPAA has done important good. In crafting the MPAA rating "
@@ -8913,13 +8978,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6189
+#: freeculture.xml:6212
 msgid "In 1982, Valenti's testimony to Congress captured the strategy perfectly:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6203
+#: freeculture.xml:6226
 msgid ""
 "Home Recording of Copyrighted Works: Hearings on H.R. 4783, H.R.  4794, "
 "H.R. 4808, H.R. 5250, H.R. 5488, and H.R. 5705 Before the Subcommittee on "
@@ -8929,7 +8994,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6194
+#: freeculture.xml:6217
 msgid ""
 "No matter the lengthy arguments made, no matter the charges and the "
 "counter-charges, no matter the tumult and the shouting, reasonable men and "
@@ -8943,7 +9008,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 129 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6213
+#: freeculture.xml:6236
 msgid ""
 "The strategy of this rhetoric, like the strategy of most of Valenti's "
 "rhetoric, is brilliant and simple and brilliant because simple. The "
@@ -8955,7 +9020,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6224
+#: freeculture.xml:6247
 msgid ""
 "This claim has an obvious and powerful intuitive pull. It is stated with "
 "such clarity as to make the idea as obvious as the notion that we use "
@@ -8971,7 +9036,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6239
+#: freeculture.xml:6262
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers speak of <quote>property</quote> not as an absolute thing, but as a "
 "bundle of rights that are sometimes associated with a particular "
@@ -8984,7 +9049,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6236
+#: freeculture.xml:6259
 msgid ""
 "While <quote>creative property</quote> is certainly <quote>property</quote> "
 "in a nerdy and precise sense that lawyers are trained to "
@@ -8997,7 +9062,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6254
+#: freeculture.xml:6277
 msgid ""
 "Valenti knows this. But he speaks for an industry that cares squat for our "
 "tradition and the values it represents. He speaks for an industry that is "
@@ -9008,7 +9073,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 130 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6262
+#: freeculture.xml:6285
 msgid ""
 "I have two purposes in this chapter. The first is to convince you that, "
 "historically, Valenti's claim is absolutely wrong. The second is to convince "
@@ -9022,7 +9087,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6277
+#: freeculture.xml:6300
 msgid ""
 "Organizations such as the MPAA, whose board includes the most powerful of "
 "the old guard, have little interest, their rhetoric notwithstanding, in "
@@ -9034,7 +9099,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6286
+#: freeculture.xml:6309
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>To get</emphasis> just a hint that there is "
 "something fundamentally wrong in Valenti's argument, we need look no further "
@@ -9042,7 +9107,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6291
+#: freeculture.xml:6314
 msgid ""
 "The framers of our Constitution loved <quote>property.</quote> Indeed, so "
 "strongly did they love property that they built into the Constitution an "
@@ -9057,7 +9122,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 131 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6302
+#: freeculture.xml:6325
 msgid ""
 "Yet the very same Constitution speaks very differently about what Valenti "
 "calls <quote>creative property.</quote> In the clause granting Congress the "
@@ -9074,7 +9139,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6317
+#: freeculture.xml:6340
 msgid ""
 "The Constitution thus on its face states that these two forms of property "
 "are not to be accorded the same rights. They are plainly to be treated "
@@ -9085,7 +9150,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6327
+#: freeculture.xml:6350
 msgid ""
 "Arguing for a change in our Constitution is not necessarily wrong.  There "
 "was much in our original Constitution that was plainly wrong.  The "
@@ -9099,7 +9164,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6339
+#: freeculture.xml:6362
 msgid ""
 "Instead, my argument is that because Jefferson did it, we should at least "
 "try to understand <emphasis>why</emphasis>. Why did the framers, fanatical "
@@ -9109,7 +9174,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6349
+#: freeculture.xml:6372
 msgid ""
 "To answer this question, we need to get some perspective on the history of "
 "these <quote>creative property</quote> rights, and the control that they "
@@ -9125,7 +9190,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 132 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6364
+#: freeculture.xml:6387
 msgid ""
 "To answer these questions, we need a more general way to talk about how "
 "property is protected. More precisely, we need a more general way than the "
@@ -9137,19 +9202,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6373
+#: freeculture.xml:6396
 msgid ""
 "How four different modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken "
 "the right or regulation."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6374 freeculture.xml:6558 freeculture.xml:6865
+#: freeculture.xml:6397 freeculture.xml:6581 freeculture.xml:6888
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6377
+#: freeculture.xml:6400
 msgid ""
 "At the center of this picture is a regulated dot: the individual or group "
 "that is the target of regulation, or the holder of a right. (In each case "
@@ -9166,12 +9231,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6393 freeculture.xml:6452 freeculture.xml:6561
+#: freeculture.xml:6416 freeculture.xml:6475 freeculture.xml:6584
 msgid "norms, regulatory influence of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6395
+#: freeculture.xml:6418
 msgid ""
 "Norms are a different kind of constraint. They, too, punish an individual "
 "for violating a rule. But the punishment of a norm is imposed by a "
@@ -9184,12 +9249,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6405 freeculture.xml:6451 freeculture.xml:6541 freeculture.xml:6560 freeculture.xml:9512 freeculture.xml:9711
+#: freeculture.xml:6428 freeculture.xml:6474 freeculture.xml:6564 freeculture.xml:6583 freeculture.xml:9539 freeculture.xml:9738
 msgid "market constraints"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6407
+#: freeculture.xml:6430
 msgid ""
 "The market is a third type of constraint. Its constraint is effected through "
 "conditions: You can do X if you pay Y; you'll be paid M if you do N. These "
@@ -9201,12 +9266,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6416 freeculture.xml:6450 freeculture.xml:6499 freeculture.xml:6540
+#: freeculture.xml:6439 freeculture.xml:6473 freeculture.xml:6522 freeculture.xml:6563
 msgid "architecture, constraint effected through"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6418
+#: freeculture.xml:6441
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, "
 "<quote>architecture</quote>&mdash;the physical world as one finds "
@@ -9225,7 +9290,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 134 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6435
+#: freeculture.xml:6458
 msgid ""
 "So the first point about these four modalities of regulation is obvious: "
 "They interact. Restrictions imposed by one might be reinforced by "
@@ -9233,7 +9298,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6441
+#: freeculture.xml:6464
 msgid ""
 "The second point follows directly: If we want to understand the effective "
 "freedom that anyone has at a given moment to do any particular thing, we "
@@ -9245,12 +9310,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6449
+#: freeculture.xml:6472
 msgid "driving speed, constraints on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6454
+#: freeculture.xml:6477
 msgid ""
 "So, for example, consider the <quote>freedom</quote> to drive a car at a "
 "high speed. That freedom is in part restricted by laws: speed limits that "
@@ -9267,7 +9332,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6472
+#: freeculture.xml:6495
 msgid ""
 "By describing the way law affects the other three modalities, I don't mean "
 "to suggest that the other three don't affect law. Obviously, they do. Law's "
@@ -9281,7 +9346,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 135 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6468
+#: freeculture.xml:6491
 msgid ""
 "The final point about this simple model should also be fairly clear: While "
 "these four modalities are analytically independent, law has a special role "
@@ -9298,27 +9363,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6496
+#: freeculture.xml:6519
 msgid "Law has a special role in affecting the three."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6497
+#: freeculture.xml:6520
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6538
+#: freeculture.xml:6561
 msgid "Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6539
+#: freeculture.xml:6562
 msgid "Commons, John R."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6509
+#: freeculture.xml:6532
 msgid ""
 "Some people object to this way of talking about <quote>liberty.</quote> They "
 "object because their focus when considering the constraints that exist at "
@@ -9353,7 +9418,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6501
+#: freeculture.xml:6524
 msgid ""
 "These constraints can thus change, and they can be changed. To understand "
 "the effective protection of liberty or protection of property at any "
@@ -9364,12 +9429,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6545
+#: freeculture.xml:6568
 msgid "Why Hollywood Is Right"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6547
+#: freeculture.xml:6570
 msgid ""
 "The most obvious point that this model reveals is just why, or just how, "
 "Hollywood is right. The copyright warriors have rallied Congress and the "
@@ -9378,18 +9443,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6553
+#: freeculture.xml:6576
 msgid "Let's say this is the picture of copyright's regulation before the Internet:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6557 freeculture.xml:6864
+#: freeculture.xml:6580 freeculture.xml:6887
 msgid "Copyright's regulation before the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 136 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6564
+#: freeculture.xml:6587
 msgid ""
 "There is balance between law, norms, market, and architecture. The law "
 "limits the ability to copy and share content, by imposing penalties on those "
@@ -9403,7 +9468,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6576
+#: freeculture.xml:6599
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, or, more precisely, technologies such as MP3s and p2p "
 "sharing. Now the constraint of architecture changes dramatically, as does "
@@ -9415,7 +9480,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 137 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6584
+#: freeculture.xml:6607
 msgid ""
 "Thus the sense of, and justification for, the warriors' response.  "
 "Technology has changed, the warriors say, and the effect of this change, "
@@ -9426,17 +9491,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6594
+#: freeculture.xml:6617
 msgid "effective state of anarchy after the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6595
+#: freeculture.xml:6618
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6598
+#: freeculture.xml:6621
 msgid ""
 "Neither this analysis nor the conclusions that follow are new to the "
 "warriors. Indeed, in a <quote>White Paper</quote> prepared by the Commerce "
@@ -9450,13 +9515,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6609
+#: freeculture.xml:6632
 msgid "steel industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 138 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6611
+#: freeculture.xml:6634
 msgid ""
 "This mixed strategy is just what copyright needed&mdash;if it was to "
 "preserve the particular balance that existed before the change induced by "
@@ -9473,7 +9538,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6628
+#: freeculture.xml:6651
 msgid ""
 "Thus, there's nothing wrong or surprising in the content industry's campaign "
 "to protect itself from the harmful consequences of a technological "
@@ -9484,13 +9549,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6635
+#: freeculture.xml:6658
 msgid "railroad industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6647
+#: freeculture.xml:6670
 msgid ""
 "See Geoffrey Smith, <quote>Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a "
 "Bridge?</quote> BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink "
@@ -9502,7 +9567,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6639
+#: freeculture.xml:6662
 msgid ""
 "But just because a particular interest asks for government support, it "
 "doesn't follow that support should be granted. And just because technology "
@@ -9524,25 +9589,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6668 freeculture.xml:15021
+#: freeculture.xml:6691 freeculture.xml:15048
 msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6669 freeculture.xml:13256
+#: freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:13283
 msgid "Gates, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6681
+#: freeculture.xml:6704
 msgid ""
 "Fred Warshofsky, <citetitle>The Patent Wars</citetitle> (New York: Wiley, "
 "1994), 170&ndash;71."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6671
+#: freeculture.xml:6694
 msgid ""
 "The obvious answer to these obviously rhetorical questions is no.  In a free "
 "society, with a free market, supported by free enterprise and free trade, "
@@ -9560,7 +9625,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6692
+#: freeculture.xml:6715
 msgid ""
 "Thus, while it is understandable for industries threatened with new "
 "technologies that change the way they do business to look to the government "
@@ -9572,7 +9637,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6702
+#: freeculture.xml:6725
 msgid ""
 "In the context of laws regulating speech&mdash;which include, obviously, "
 "copyright law&mdash;that duty is even stronger. When the industry "
@@ -9589,7 +9654,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 140 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6716
+#: freeculture.xml:6739
 msgid ""
 "My argument just now, however, has nothing to do with whether the changes "
 "that are being pushed by the copyright warriors are "
@@ -9600,22 +9665,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6725
+#: freeculture.xml:6748
 msgid "Here's the metaphor that will capture the argument to follow."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6727
+#: freeculture.xml:6750
 msgid "DDT"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6728
+#: freeculture.xml:6751
 msgid "Müller, Paul Hermann"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6730
+#: freeculture.xml:6753
 msgid ""
 "In 1873, the chemical DDT was first synthesized. In 1948, Swiss chemist Paul "
 "Hermann Müller won the Nobel Prize for his work demonstrating the "
@@ -9625,7 +9690,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6737
+#: freeculture.xml:6760
 msgid ""
 "No one doubts that killing disease-carrying pests or increasing crop "
 "production is a good thing. No one doubts that the work of Müller was "
@@ -9633,17 +9698,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6741
+#: freeculture.xml:6764
 msgid "Carson, Rachel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6742
+#: freeculture.xml:6765
 msgid "Silent Sprint (Carson)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6744
+#: freeculture.xml:6767
 msgid ""
 "But in 1962, Rachel Carson published <citetitle>Silent Spring</citetitle>, "
 "which argued that DDT, whatever its primary benefits, was also having "
@@ -9652,7 +9717,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6750
+#: freeculture.xml:6773
 msgid ""
 "No one set out to destroy the environment. Paul Müller certainly did not aim "
 "to harm any birds. But the effort to solve one set of problems produced "
@@ -9664,13 +9729,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6758
+#: freeculture.xml:6781
 msgid "Boyle, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6764
+#: freeculture.xml:6787
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, James Boyle, <quote>A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
 "Environmentalism for the Net?</quote> <citetitle>Duke Law "
@@ -9679,7 +9744,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 141 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6760
+#: freeculture.xml:6783
 msgid ""
 "It is to this image precisely that Duke University law professor James Boyle "
 "appeals when he argues that we need an <quote>environmentalism</quote> for "
@@ -9697,7 +9762,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6781
+#: freeculture.xml:6804
 msgid ""
 "My argument, in the balance of this chapter, tries to map exactly this "
 "effect. No doubt the technology of the Internet has had a dramatic effect on "
@@ -9711,19 +9776,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6792
+#: freeculture.xml:6815
 msgid ""
 "In a line: To kill a gnat, we are spraying DDT with consequences for free "
 "culture that will be far more devastating than that this gnat will be lost."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6799
+#: freeculture.xml:6822
 msgid "Beginnings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6801
+#: freeculture.xml:6824
 msgid ""
 "America copied English copyright law. Actually, we copied and improved "
 "English copyright law. Our Constitution makes the purpose of <quote>creative "
@@ -9732,7 +9797,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6807
+#: freeculture.xml:6830
 msgid ""
 "The power to establish <quote>creative property</quote> rights is granted to "
 "Congress in a way that, for our Constitution, at least, is very odd. Article "
@@ -9741,7 +9806,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 142 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6812
+#: freeculture.xml:6835
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
 "by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right "
@@ -9755,7 +9820,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6825
+#: freeculture.xml:6848
 msgid ""
 "The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "
 "chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"founders\"/>, the "
@@ -9768,7 +9833,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6835
+#: freeculture.xml:6858
 msgid ""
 "The design of the Progress Clause reflects something about the "
 "Constitution's design in general. To avoid a problem, the framers built "
@@ -9785,7 +9850,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6850
+#: freeculture.xml:6873
 msgid ""
 "I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call "
 "<quote>copyright</quote> today. The scope of that regulation is far beyond "
@@ -9796,7 +9861,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 143 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6857
+#: freeculture.xml:6880
 msgid ""
 "Some of these changes come from the law: some in light of changes in "
 "technology, and some in light of changes in technology given a particular "
@@ -9804,38 +9869,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6868
+#: freeculture.xml:6891
 msgid "We will end here:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6871
+#: freeculture.xml:6894
 msgid "<quote>Copyright</quote> today."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6872
+#: freeculture.xml:6895
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 144 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6875
+#: freeculture.xml:6898
 msgid "Let me explain how."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6880
+#: freeculture.xml:6903
 msgid "Law: Duration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6896
+#: freeculture.xml:6919
 msgid "Crosskey, William W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6890
+#: freeculture.xml:6913
 msgid ""
 "William W. Crosskey, <citetitle>Politics and the Constitution in the History "
 "of the United States</citetitle> (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), "
@@ -9846,7 +9911,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6882
+#: freeculture.xml:6905
 msgid ""
 "When the first Congress enacted laws to protect creative property, it faced "
 "the same uncertainty about the status of creative property that the English "
@@ -9862,7 +9927,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6907
+#: freeculture.xml:6930
 msgid ""
 "That uncertainty ended after Congress passed legislation granting "
 "copyrights. Because federal law overrides any contrary state law, federal "
@@ -9873,7 +9938,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6915
+#: freeculture.xml:6938
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, Congress enacted the first copyright law. It created a federal "
 "copyright and secured that copyright for fourteen years. If the author was "
@@ -9884,7 +9949,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6930
+#: freeculture.xml:6953
 msgid ""
 "Although 13,000 titles were published in the United States from 1790 to "
 "1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, <citetitle>A "
@@ -9903,7 +9968,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6922
+#: freeculture.xml:6945
 msgid ""
 "While there were many works created in the United States in the first ten "
 "years of the Republic, only 5 percent of the works were actually registered "
@@ -9916,7 +9981,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 145 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6946
+#: freeculture.xml:6969
 msgid ""
 "This system of renewal was a crucial part of the American system of "
 "copyright. It assured that the maximum terms of copyright would be granted "
@@ -9927,7 +9992,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6961
+#: freeculture.xml:6984
 msgid ""
 "Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
 "the 25,006 copyrights registered in 1883, only 894 were renewed in 1910. For "
@@ -9941,7 +10006,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6955
+#: freeculture.xml:6978
 msgid ""
 "Fourteen years may not seem long to us, but for the vast majority of "
 "copyright owners at that time, it was long enough: Only a small minority of "
@@ -9952,12 +10017,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6978
+#: freeculture.xml:7001
 msgid "See Ringer, ch. 9, n. 2."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6974
+#: freeculture.xml:6997
 msgid ""
 "Even today, this structure would make sense. Most creative work has an "
 "actual commercial life of just a couple of years. Most books fall out of "
@@ -9970,7 +10035,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6986
+#: freeculture.xml:7009
 msgid ""
 "In the first hundred years of the Republic, the term of copyright was "
 "changed once. In 1831, the term was increased from a maximum of 28 years to "
@@ -9981,7 +10046,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6994
+#: freeculture.xml:7017
 msgid ""
 "Then, beginning in 1962, Congress started a practice that has defined "
 "copyright law since. Eleven times in the last forty years, Congress has "
@@ -9995,7 +10060,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 146 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7004
+#: freeculture.xml:7027
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions is simply to toll, or delay, the passing of "
 "works into the public domain. This latest extension means that the public "
@@ -10007,7 +10072,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7015
+#: freeculture.xml:7038
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions has been exacerbated by another, "
 "little-noticed change in the copyright law. Remember I said that the framers "
@@ -10019,7 +10084,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7025
+#: freeculture.xml:7048
 msgid ""
 "The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
 "created after 1978, there was only one copyright term&mdash;the maximum "
@@ -10031,7 +10096,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7035
+#: freeculture.xml:7058
 msgid ""
 "This change meant that American law no longer had an automatic way to assure "
 "that works that were no longer exploited passed into the public domain. And "
@@ -10043,7 +10108,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7052
+#: freeculture.xml:7075
 msgid ""
 "These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
 "year the renewal term was extended), the average term was never more than "
@@ -10052,7 +10117,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7044
+#: freeculture.xml:7067
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these changes on the average duration of copyright is "
 "dramatic. In 1973, more than 85 percent of copyright owners failed to renew "
@@ -10064,12 +10129,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7061
+#: freeculture.xml:7084
 msgid "Law: Scope"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7063
+#: freeculture.xml:7086
 msgid ""
 "The <quote>scope</quote> of a copyright is the range of rights granted by "
 "the law.  The scope of American copyright has changed dramatically. Those "
@@ -10078,7 +10143,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7069
+#: freeculture.xml:7092
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only <quote>maps, "
 "charts, and books.</quote> That means it didn't cover, for example, music or "
@@ -10094,7 +10159,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7082
+#: freeculture.xml:7105
 msgid ""
 "This, too, has changed dramatically. While the contours of copyright today "
 "are extremely hard to describe simply, in general terms, the right covers "
@@ -10112,7 +10177,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 148 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7097
+#: freeculture.xml:7120
 msgid ""
 "At the same time that the scope of copyright has expanded, procedural "
 "limitations on the right have been relaxed. I've already described the "
@@ -10127,7 +10192,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7111
+#: freeculture.xml:7134
 msgid ""
 "The reason for the registration requirement was the sensible understanding "
 "that for most works, no copyright was required. Again, in the first ten "
@@ -10143,7 +10208,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7125
+#: freeculture.xml:7148
 msgid ""
 "All of these <quote>formalities</quote> were abolished in the American "
 "system when we decided to follow European copyright law. There is no "
@@ -10154,13 +10219,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7133
+#: freeculture.xml:7156
 msgid "Consider a practical example to understand the scope of these differences."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7144
+#: freeculture.xml:7167
 msgid ""
 "See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, <quote>Poets, Pirates, and the "
 "Creation of American Literature,</quote> 29 <citetitle>New York University "
@@ -10170,7 +10235,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7137
+#: freeculture.xml:7160
 msgid ""
 "If, in 1790, you wrote a book and you were one of the 5 percent who actually "
 "copyrighted that book, then the copyright law protected you against another "
@@ -10184,7 +10249,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 149 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7156
+#: freeculture.xml:7179
 msgid ""
 "The act left other creators totally unregulated. If I copied your poem by "
 "hand, over and over again, as a way to learn it by heart, my act was totally "
@@ -10195,7 +10260,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7165
+#: freeculture.xml:7188
 msgid ""
 "Today the story is very different: If you write a book, your book is "
 "automatically protected. Indeed, not just your book. Every e-mail, every "
@@ -10206,7 +10271,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7174
+#: freeculture.xml:7197
 msgid ""
 "That protection gives you the right (subject to a narrow range of fair use "
 "exceptions) to control how others copy the work, whether they copy it to "
@@ -10214,7 +10279,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7179
+#: freeculture.xml:7202
 msgid ""
 "That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
 "competing publishing. But there's a second part to the copyright of today "
@@ -10229,7 +10294,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7193
+#: freeculture.xml:7216
 msgid ""
 "It is this derivative right that would seem most bizarre to our framers, "
 "though it has become second nature to us. Initially, this expansion was "
@@ -10241,7 +10306,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7215
+#: freeculture.xml:7238
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage,</quote> <citetitle>Legal "
 "Affairs</citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -10250,7 +10315,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7205
+#: freeculture.xml:7228
 msgid ""
 "In preventing that joke, the law created an astonishing power within a free "
 "culture&mdash;at least, it's astonishing when you understand that the law "
@@ -10265,12 +10330,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7237
+#: freeculture.xml:7260
 msgid "Rubenfeld, Jeb"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7230
+#: freeculture.xml:7253
 msgid ""
 "Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
 "the difference that copyright law should draw (from the perspective of the "
@@ -10282,7 +10347,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7225
+#: freeculture.xml:7248
 msgid ""
 "Yet copyright law treats these two different wrongs in the same way. I can "
 "go to court and get an injunction against your pirating my book. I can go to "
@@ -10292,7 +10357,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7244
+#: freeculture.xml:7267
 msgid ""
 "This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
 "able to write a movie that takes my story and makes money from it without "
@@ -10302,7 +10367,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7252
+#: freeculture.xml:7275
 msgid ""
 "These are good arguments, and, in general, my point is not that the "
 "derivative right is unjustified. My aim just now is much narrower: simply to "
@@ -10311,13 +10376,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7259
+#: freeculture.xml:7282
 msgid "Law and Architecture: Reach"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7266
+#: freeculture.xml:7289
 msgid ""
 "This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "
 "regulates more than <quote>copies</quote>&mdash;a public performance of a "
@@ -10331,7 +10396,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7261
+#: freeculture.xml:7284
 msgid ""
 "Whereas originally the law regulated only publishers, the change in "
 "copyright's scope means that the law today regulates publishers, users, and "
@@ -10342,7 +10407,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 151 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7278
+#: freeculture.xml:7301
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copies.</quote> That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for "
 "<emphasis>copy</emphasis>right law to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's "
@@ -10358,7 +10423,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7296
+#: freeculture.xml:7319
 msgid ""
 "Thus, my argument is not that in each place that copyright law extends, we "
 "should repeal it. It is instead that we should have a good argument for its "
@@ -10367,7 +10432,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7291
+#: freeculture.xml:7314
 msgid ""
 "This is perhaps the central claim of this book, so let me take this very "
 "slowly so that the point is not easily missed. My claim is that the Internet "
@@ -10379,50 +10444,50 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7307
+#: freeculture.xml:7330
 msgid ""
 "We can see this point abstractly by beginning with this largely empty "
 "circle."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7311
+#: freeculture.xml:7334
 msgid "All potential uses of a book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7312
+#: freeculture.xml:7335
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7314
+#: freeculture.xml:7337
 msgid "three types of uses of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7315
+#: freeculture.xml:7338
 msgid "copies as core issue of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7316
+#: freeculture.xml:7339
 msgid "copyright applicability altered by technology of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7317
+#: freeculture.xml:7340
 msgid "technology"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7317
+#: freeculture.xml:7340
 msgid "copyright intent altered by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 152 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7322
+#: freeculture.xml:7345
 msgid ""
 "Think about a book in real space, and imagine this circle to represent all "
 "its potential <emphasis>uses</emphasis>. Most of these uses are unregulated "
@@ -10437,17 +10502,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7335
+#: freeculture.xml:7358
 msgid "Examples of unregulated uses of a book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7336
+#: freeculture.xml:7359
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7339
+#: freeculture.xml:7362
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, some uses of a copyrighted book are regulated by "
 "copyright law. Republishing the book, for example, makes a copy. It is "
@@ -10458,26 +10523,26 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7349
+#: freeculture.xml:7372
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
 "remain unregulated because the law considers these <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7354
+#: freeculture.xml:7377
 msgid ""
 "Republishing stands at the core of this circle of possible uses of a "
 "copyrighted work."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7355
+#: freeculture.xml:7378
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7358
+#: freeculture.xml:7381
 msgid ""
 "These are uses that themselves involve copying, but which the law treats as "
 "unregulated because public policy demands that they remain unregulated.  You "
@@ -10490,30 +10555,30 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7368
+#: freeculture.xml:7391
 msgid "Unregulated copying considered <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7369
+#: freeculture.xml:7392
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7373
+#: freeculture.xml:7396
 msgid ""
 "Uses that before were presumptively unregulated are now presumptively "
 "regulated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7374
+#: freeculture.xml:7397
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 154 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7378
+#: freeculture.xml:7401
 msgid ""
 "In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
 "sorts: (1) unregulated uses, (2) regulated uses, and (3) regulated uses that "
@@ -10522,13 +10587,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7383 freeculture.xml:7417 freeculture.xml:7633
+#: freeculture.xml:7406 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7656
 msgid "on Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7388
+#: freeculture.xml:7411
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean <quote>nature</quote> in the sense that it couldn't be "
 "different, but rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical "
@@ -10538,7 +10603,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7385
+#: freeculture.xml:7408
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet&mdash;a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
 "copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
@@ -10555,7 +10620,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 155 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7406
+#: freeculture.xml:7429
 msgid ""
 "So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
 "Internet, if you purchased a book and read it ten times, there would be no "
@@ -10568,12 +10633,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7418
+#: freeculture.xml:7441
 msgid "technological developments and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7420
+#: freeculture.xml:7443
 msgid ""
 "But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
 "rules. Now if the copyright owner says you may read the book only once or "
@@ -10587,7 +10652,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7432
+#: freeculture.xml:7455
 msgid ""
 "There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
 "not to argue about whether it makes sense or not. My aim is only to make "
@@ -10596,7 +10661,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7438
+#: freeculture.xml:7461
 msgid ""
 "First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
 "intended. Congress did not think through the collapse of the presumptively "
@@ -10607,7 +10672,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7447
+#: freeculture.xml:7470
 msgid ""
 "Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
 "uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "
@@ -10622,7 +10687,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 156 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7459
+#: freeculture.xml:7482
 msgid ""
 "Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
 "on category 3 (<quote>fair use</quote>) that fair use never before had to "
@@ -10636,7 +10701,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7478
+#: freeculture.xml:7501
 msgid ""
 "This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
 "culture. We have been cornered into arguing that our rights depend upon fair "
@@ -10648,7 +10713,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7489
+#: freeculture.xml:7512
 msgid ""
 "The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
 "business of making <quote>trailer</quote> advertisements for movies "
@@ -10658,12 +10723,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7495 freeculture.xml:7555 freeculture.xml:13607
+#: freeculture.xml:7518 freeculture.xml:7578 freeculture.xml:13634
 msgid "browsing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7497
+#: freeculture.xml:7520
 msgid ""
 "The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
 "think about the Internet as another way to distribute these previews.  The "
@@ -10676,7 +10741,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 157 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7506
+#: freeculture.xml:7529
 msgid ""
 "In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
 "intended to distribute the trailers through the Internet (rather than "
@@ -10692,7 +10757,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7521
+#: freeculture.xml:7544
 msgid ""
 "Disney countersued&mdash;for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
 "predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had <quote>willfully "
@@ -10705,7 +10770,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7531
+#: freeculture.xml:7554
 msgid ""
 "Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
 "stores that were selling Disney's films also had some sort of right to be "
@@ -10717,7 +10782,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7541
+#: freeculture.xml:7564
 msgid ""
 "Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
 "consider it a close case. My point here is to map the change that gives "
@@ -10733,13 +10798,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7554
+#: freeculture.xml:7577
 msgid "Barnes &amp; Noble"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 158 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7558
+#: freeculture.xml:7581
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
 "is not yet the abuse of control. Barnes &amp; Noble has the right to say you "
@@ -10756,7 +10821,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7573
+#: freeculture.xml:7596
 msgid ""
 "Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
 "architecture enables. Enabling technology to enforce the control of "
@@ -10767,12 +10832,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7582
+#: freeculture.xml:7605
 msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7584
+#: freeculture.xml:7607
 msgid ""
 "The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
 "important change brought about by the Internet magnifies its "
@@ -10781,7 +10846,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7590
+#: freeculture.xml:7613
 msgid ""
 "In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
 "controlled whether and how someone was regulated by copyright law.  The law, "
@@ -10791,18 +10856,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7597
+#: freeculture.xml:7620
 msgid "Casablanca"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7598 freeculture.xml:7769
+#: freeculture.xml:7621 freeculture.xml:7792
 msgid "Marx Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7609
+#: freeculture.xml:7632
 msgid ""
 "See David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): "
@@ -10810,7 +10875,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7601
+#: freeculture.xml:7624
 msgid ""
 "There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "
 "Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of "
@@ -10821,14 +10886,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7618
+#: freeculture.xml:7641
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, "
 "<citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 1&ndash;3."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7614
+#: freeculture.xml:7637
 msgid ""
 "This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
 "that the Marx Brothers <quote>were brothers long before you "
@@ -10840,7 +10905,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7628
+#: freeculture.xml:7651
 msgid ""
 "An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
 "Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly "
@@ -10849,7 +10914,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7635
+#: freeculture.xml:7658
 msgid ""
 "On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
 "Internet, increasingly, rules are enforced not by a human but by a machine: "
@@ -10861,17 +10926,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7647
+#: freeculture.xml:7670
 msgid "Adobe eBook Reader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7649
+#: freeculture.xml:7672
 msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7652
+#: freeculture.xml:7675
 msgid ""
 "An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
 "book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "
@@ -10880,13 +10945,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7659
+#: freeculture.xml:7682
 msgid "On the next page is a picture of an old version of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 160 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7663
+#: freeculture.xml:7686
 msgid ""
 "As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
 "library. Some of these books reproduce content that is in the public domain: "
@@ -10899,35 +10964,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7676
+#: freeculture.xml:7699
 msgid "Picture of an old version of Adobe eBook Reader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7677
+#: freeculture.xml:7700
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1611.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7680
+#: freeculture.xml:7703
 msgid ""
 "If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
 "that the publisher purports to grant with this book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7684
+#: freeculture.xml:7707
 msgid "List of the permissions that the publisher purports to grant."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7685
+#: freeculture.xml:7708
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 161 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7689
+#: freeculture.xml:7712
 msgid ""
 "According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
 "of the computer ten text selections every ten days. (So far, I've copied no "
@@ -10938,84 +11003,84 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7696
+#: freeculture.xml:7719
 msgid "Aristotle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7697
+#: freeculture.xml:7720
 msgid "<citetitle>Politics</citetitle>, (Aristotle)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7699
+#: freeculture.xml:7722
 msgid ""
 "Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
 "translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7703
+#: freeculture.xml:7726
 msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7704
+#: freeculture.xml:7727
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7707
+#: freeculture.xml:7730
 msgid ""
 "According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at "
 "all. But fortunately, you can use the Read Aloud button to hear the book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7712
+#: freeculture.xml:7735
 msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7713
+#: freeculture.xml:7736
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7715
+#: freeculture.xml:7738
 msgid "Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7716
+#: freeculture.xml:7739
 msgid "Lessig, Lawrence"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7718
+#: freeculture.xml:7741
 msgid ""
 "Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
 "e-book version of my last book, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7724
+#: freeculture.xml:7747
 msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>The Future of Ideas</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7725
+#: freeculture.xml:7748
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7728
+#: freeculture.xml:7751
 msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7738
+#: freeculture.xml:7761
 msgid ""
 "In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
 "example, buy a book from you that includes a contract that says I will read "
@@ -11026,7 +11091,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7731
+#: freeculture.xml:7754
 msgid ""
 "Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls "
 "<quote>permissions</quote>&mdash; as if the publisher has the power to "
@@ -11041,7 +11106,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7753
+#: freeculture.xml:7776
 msgid ""
 "The control comes instead from the code&mdash;from the technology within "
 "which the e-book <quote>lives.</quote> Though the e-book says that these are "
@@ -11061,7 +11126,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 163 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7773
+#: freeculture.xml:7796
 msgid ""
 "These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
 "where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
@@ -11070,7 +11135,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7779
+#: freeculture.xml:7802
 msgid ""
 "This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright "
 "<emphasis>law</emphasis> as copyright <emphasis>code</emphasis>. The "
@@ -11082,7 +11147,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7788
+#: freeculture.xml:7811
 msgid ""
 "How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
 "built into the technology? Software used to be sold with technologies that "
@@ -11092,24 +11157,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7795
+#: freeculture.xml:7818
 msgid ""
 "We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
 "Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7798
+#: freeculture.xml:7821
 msgid "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7799
+#: freeculture.xml:7822
 msgid "e-book restrictions on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7801
+#: freeculture.xml:7824
 msgid ""
 "Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
 "relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "
@@ -11119,17 +11184,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7809
+#: freeculture.xml:7832
 msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7811
+#: freeculture.xml:7834
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7815
+#: freeculture.xml:7838
 msgid ""
 "Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
 "not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the "
@@ -11138,7 +11203,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7820
+#: freeculture.xml:7843
 msgid ""
 "The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission.  For the "
 "text did not say that you were not permitted to use the Read Aloud button; "
@@ -11149,7 +11214,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7828
+#: freeculture.xml:7851
 msgid ""
 "Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
 "restrict the right to read a book aloud. Obviously it was only restricting "
@@ -11164,7 +11229,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7843
+#: freeculture.xml:7866
 msgid ""
 "The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
 "companies developing strategies to balance open access to content with "
@@ -11174,34 +11239,34 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7853
+#: freeculture.xml:7876
 msgid ""
 "To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
 "of mine that makes the same point."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7856 freeculture.xml:8000 freeculture.xml:8065 freeculture.xml:8173
+#: freeculture.xml:7879 freeculture.xml:8023 freeculture.xml:8088 freeculture.xml:8196
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7857 freeculture.xml:8001 freeculture.xml:8066 freeculture.xml:8174
+#: freeculture.xml:7880 freeculture.xml:8024 freeculture.xml:8089 freeculture.xml:8197
 msgid "robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7858 freeculture.xml:8002 freeculture.xml:8067 freeculture.xml:8175
+#: freeculture.xml:7881 freeculture.xml:8025 freeculture.xml:8090 freeculture.xml:8198
 msgid "Sony"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7858 freeculture.xml:8002 freeculture.xml:8067 freeculture.xml:8175
+#: freeculture.xml:7881 freeculture.xml:8025 freeculture.xml:8090 freeculture.xml:8198
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog produced by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7860
+#: freeculture.xml:7883
 msgid ""
 "Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named <quote>Aibo.</quote> The Aibo "
 "learns tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and "
@@ -11210,7 +11275,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 165
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7865
+#: freeculture.xml:7888
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
 "clubs to trade stories. One fan in particular set up a Web site to enable "
@@ -11221,7 +11286,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7874
+#: freeculture.xml:7897
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Teach</quote> here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute "
 "computers.  You teach a computer how to do something by programming it "
@@ -11232,12 +11297,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7881
+#: freeculture.xml:7904
 msgid "hacks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7883
+#: freeculture.xml:7906
 msgid ""
 "If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word "
 "<citetitle>hack</citetitle> has a particularly unfriendly "
@@ -11253,7 +11318,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7897
+#: freeculture.xml:7920
 msgid ""
 "Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
 "to challenge themselves and others with increasingly difficult "
@@ -11263,7 +11328,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7904
+#: freeculture.xml:7927
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
 "offered to the world a bit of code that would enable the Aibo to dance "
@@ -11274,7 +11339,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 166 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7914
+#: freeculture.xml:7937
 msgid ""
 "I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
 "States. Once I was asked by a puzzled member of the audience, is it "
@@ -11289,12 +11354,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7929
+#: freeculture.xml:7952
 msgid "government case against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7931
+#: freeculture.xml:7954
 msgid ""
 "Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show&mdash; not "
 "literally a pony show, but rather a paper that a Princeton academic named Ed "
@@ -11308,12 +11373,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7954 freeculture.xml:10443
+#: freeculture.xml:7977 freeculture.xml:10470
 msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7944
+#: freeculture.xml:7967
 msgid ""
 "See Pamela Samuelson, <quote>Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to "
 "Science,</quote> <citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan "
@@ -11332,7 +11397,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7942
+#: freeculture.xml:7965
 msgid ""
 "But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a "
@@ -11342,7 +11407,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7962
+#: freeculture.xml:7985
 msgid ""
 "The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
 "exercise much better control over their content than the Internet, as it "
@@ -11354,7 +11419,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7972
+#: freeculture.xml:7995
 msgid ""
 "When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition.  In "
 "exchange for providing contestants with the code to an SDMI-encrypted bit of "
@@ -11364,7 +11429,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 167 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7979
+#: freeculture.xml:8002
 msgid ""
 "Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
 "team saw the weakness of this system as a type: Many encryption systems "
@@ -11373,7 +11438,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7985
+#: freeculture.xml:8008
 msgid ""
 "Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United "
 "States. We have a principle of free speech. We have this principle not just "
@@ -11384,7 +11449,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7993
+#: freeculture.xml:8016
 msgid ""
 "What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
 "the weakness in a technology. They were not spreading free music, or "
@@ -11394,7 +11459,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8004
+#: freeculture.xml:8027
 msgid ""
 "What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
 "received. Aibopet.com received a letter from Sony about the aibopet.com "
@@ -11402,7 +11467,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8011
+#: freeculture.xml:8034
 msgid ""
 "Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
 "copy protection protocol constituting a violation of the anti-circumvention "
@@ -11410,7 +11475,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8020
+#: freeculture.xml:8043
 msgid ""
 "And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
 "encryption should also be perfectly legal, Felten received a letter from an "
@@ -11419,7 +11484,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 168 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8026
+#: freeculture.xml:8049
 msgid ""
 "Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
 "Challenge would be outside the scope of activities permitted by the "
@@ -11428,7 +11493,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8034
+#: freeculture.xml:8057
 msgid ""
 "In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
 "of information. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act made spreading such "
@@ -11436,7 +11501,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8039
+#: freeculture.xml:8062
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
 "cyberspace. The fear was that copyright control was effectively dead; the "
@@ -11449,7 +11514,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8050
+#: freeculture.xml:8073
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "
 "designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, "
@@ -11459,7 +11524,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8057
+#: freeculture.xml:8080
 msgid ""
 "But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
 "extent copyright law protected them. Its protection, that is, did not end at "
@@ -11471,7 +11536,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 169 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8069
+#: freeculture.xml:8092
 msgid ""
 "Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
 "copyright protection system for the purpose of enabling the dog to dance "
@@ -11485,7 +11550,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8081
+#: freeculture.xml:8104
 msgid ""
 "The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
 "of reasoning. By publishing a paper describing how a copyright protection "
@@ -11496,17 +11561,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8088 freeculture.xml:8123
+#: freeculture.xml:8111 freeculture.xml:8146
 msgid "Rogers, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8099 freeculture.xml:8136 freeculture.xml:8162
+#: freeculture.xml:8122 freeculture.xml:8159 freeculture.xml:8185
 msgid "Conrad, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8091
+#: freeculture.xml:8114
 msgid ""
 "The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
 "Paul Conrad. At that time, a court in California had held that the VCR could "
@@ -11519,7 +11584,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8118
+#: freeculture.xml:8141
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <citetitle>Sony Corporation of "
 "America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>., "
@@ -11530,7 +11595,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8103
+#: freeculture.xml:8126
 msgid ""
 "Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
 "<quote>Neighborhood</quote> at hours when some children cannot use it. I "
@@ -11550,7 +11615,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 170 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8129
+#: freeculture.xml:8152
 msgid ""
 "Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
 "that were illegal, the court held the companies producing the VCR "
@@ -11558,19 +11623,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8134
+#: freeculture.xml:8157
 msgid ""
 "This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA.  "
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8139
+#: freeculture.xml:8162
 msgid "No argument I have can top this picture, but let me try to get close."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8142
+#: freeculture.xml:8165
 msgid ""
 "The anticircumvention provisions of the DMCA target copyright circumvention "
 "technologies. Circumvention technologies can be used for different "
@@ -11581,13 +11646,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8149
+#: freeculture.xml:8172
 msgid "handguns"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 171 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8151
+#: freeculture.xml:8174
 msgid ""
 "A handgun can be used to shoot a police officer or a child. Most would agree "
 "such a use is bad. Or a handgun can be used for target practice or to "
@@ -11596,17 +11661,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8159
+#: freeculture.xml:8182
 msgid "VCR/handgun cartoon."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8160
+#: freeculture.xml:8183
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8164
+#: freeculture.xml:8187
 msgid ""
 "The obvious point of Conrad's cartoon is the weirdness of a world where guns "
 "are legal, despite the harm they can do, while VCRs (and circumvention "
@@ -11617,7 +11682,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8177
+#: freeculture.xml:8200
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo and RIAA examples demonstrate how copyright owners are changing the "
 "balance that copyright law grants. Using code, copyright owners restrict "
@@ -11628,7 +11693,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8185
+#: freeculture.xml:8208
 msgid ""
 "This is how <emphasis>code</emphasis> becomes <emphasis>law</emphasis>. The "
 "controls built into the technology of copy and access protection become "
@@ -11642,7 +11707,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8197
+#: freeculture.xml:8220
 msgid ""
 "There is one final aspect of the interaction between architecture and law "
 "that contributes to the force of copyright's regulation. This is the ease "
@@ -11657,7 +11722,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f24 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8216
+#: freeculture.xml:8239
 msgid ""
 "For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, <quote>Legal "
 "Fictions, Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,</quote> "
@@ -11666,7 +11731,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8210
+#: freeculture.xml:8233
 msgid ""
 "For example, imagine you were part of a <citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> fan "
 "club. You gathered every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of "
@@ -11676,7 +11741,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8222
+#: freeculture.xml:8245
 msgid ""
 "Before the Internet, this was, in effect, a totally unregulated activity.  "
 "No matter what happened inside your club room, you would never be interfered "
@@ -11686,7 +11751,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8230
+#: freeculture.xml:8253
 msgid ""
 "But if you moved your club onto the Internet, and made it generally "
 "available for others to join, the story would be very different. Bots "
@@ -11699,7 +11764,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8240
+#: freeculture.xml:8263
 msgid ""
 "This change in the effective force of the law is caused by a change in the "
 "ease with which the law can be enforced. That change too shifts the law's "
@@ -11710,13 +11775,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8249
+#: freeculture.xml:8272
 msgid "Market: Concentration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 173 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8251
+#: freeculture.xml:8274
 msgid ""
 "So copyright's duration has increased dramatically&mdash;tripled in the past "
 "thirty years. And copyright's scope has increased as well&mdash;from "
@@ -11734,7 +11799,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8269
+#: freeculture.xml:8292
 msgid ""
 "Still, in my view, all of these changes would not matter much if it weren't "
 "for one more change that we must also consider. This is a change that is in "
@@ -11744,7 +11809,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8276
+#: freeculture.xml:8299
 msgid ""
 "This is the change in the concentration and integration of the media.  In "
 "the past twenty years, the nature of media ownership has undergone a radical "
@@ -11757,38 +11822,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8287
+#: freeculture.xml:8310
 msgid "These changes are of two sorts: the scope of concentration, and its nature."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8291
+#: freeculture.xml:8314
 msgid "BMG"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8292 freeculture.xml:9636
+#: freeculture.xml:8315 freeculture.xml:9663
 msgid "EMI"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8293
+#: freeculture.xml:8316
 msgid "McCain, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8294 freeculture.xml:9637
+#: freeculture.xml:8317 freeculture.xml:9664
 msgid "Universal Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8295
+#: freeculture.xml:8318
 msgid "Warner Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f25 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8301
+#: freeculture.xml:8324
 msgid ""
 "FCC Oversight: Hearing Before the Senate Commerce, Science and "
 "Transportation Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (22 May 2003)  (statement "
@@ -11797,7 +11862,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8308
+#: freeculture.xml:8331
 msgid ""
 "Lynette Holloway, <quote>Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to "
 "Slide,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 23 December 2002."
@@ -11805,14 +11870,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f27 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8314
+#: freeculture.xml:8337
 msgid ""
 "Molly Ivins, <quote>Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Charleston Gazette</citetitle>, 31 May 2003."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8297
+#: freeculture.xml:8320
 msgid ""
 "Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "
 "summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, "
@@ -11827,7 +11892,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 174 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8319
+#: freeculture.xml:8342
 msgid ""
 "The story with radio is even more dramatic. Before deregulation, the "
 "nation's largest radio broadcasting conglomerate owned fewer than "
@@ -11840,7 +11905,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8331
+#: freeculture.xml:8354
 msgid ""
 "Newspaper ownership is becoming more concentrated as well.  Today, there are "
 "six hundred fewer daily newspapers in the United States than there were "
@@ -11854,12 +11919,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8345 freeculture.xml:8362
+#: freeculture.xml:8368 freeculture.xml:8385
 msgid "Fallows, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8342
+#: freeculture.xml:8365
 msgid ""
 "Concentration in size alone is one thing. The more invidious change is in "
 "the nature of that concentration. As author James Fallows put it in a recent "
@@ -11867,7 +11932,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8360
+#: freeculture.xml:8383
 msgid ""
 "James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch,</quote> <citetitle>Atlantic "
 "Monthly</citetitle> (September 2003): 89.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -11875,7 +11940,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8349
+#: freeculture.xml:8372
 msgid ""
 "Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "
 "integration. They supply content&mdash;Fox movies &hellip; Fox TV shows "
@@ -11890,7 +11955,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8367
+#: freeculture.xml:8390
 msgid ""
 "The pattern with Murdoch is the pattern of modern media. Not just large "
 "companies owning many radio stations, but a few companies owning as many "
@@ -11899,18 +11964,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8373
+#: freeculture.xml:8396
 msgid "Pattern of modern media ownership."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8374
+#: freeculture.xml:8397
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1761.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 175 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8378
+#: freeculture.xml:8401
 msgid ""
 "Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
 "distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
@@ -11918,7 +11983,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8383
+#: freeculture.xml:8406
 msgid ""
 "My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
 "more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "
@@ -11927,24 +11992,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8389
+#: freeculture.xml:8412
 msgid ""
 "Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
 "may matter."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8392
+#: freeculture.xml:8415
 msgid "Lear, Norman"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8394 freeculture.xml:8457
+#: freeculture.xml:8417 freeculture.xml:8480
 msgid "All in the Family"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8396
+#: freeculture.xml:8419
 msgid ""
 "In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle>. He took the pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It "
@@ -11955,7 +12020,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f29 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8408
+#: freeculture.xml:8431
 msgid ""
 "Leonard Hill, <quote>The Axis of Access,</quote> remarks before Weidenbaum "
 "Center Forum, <quote>Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,</quote> "
@@ -11966,7 +12031,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8403
+#: freeculture.xml:8426
 msgid ""
 "Rather than comply, Lear simply took the show elsewhere. CBS was happy to "
 "have the series; ABC could not stop Lear from walking.  The copyrights that "
@@ -11976,7 +12041,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 176 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8419
+#: freeculture.xml:8442
 msgid ""
 "The network did not control those copyrights because the law forbade the "
 "networks from controlling the content they syndicated. The law required a "
@@ -11988,7 +12053,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f30 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8438
+#: freeculture.xml:8461
 msgid ""
 "NewsCorp./DirecTV Merger and Media Consolidation: Hearings on Media "
 "Ownership Before the Senate Commerce Committee, 108th Cong., 1st "
@@ -12000,7 +12065,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8428
+#: freeculture.xml:8451
 msgid ""
 "In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence.  After "
 "that change, the networks quickly changed the balance.  In 1985, there were "
@@ -12019,7 +12084,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8459
+#: freeculture.xml:8482
 msgid ""
 "Today, another Norman Lear with another <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle> would find that he had the choice either to make the show "
@@ -12028,17 +12093,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8464
+#: freeculture.xml:8487
 msgid "Diller, Barry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8465
+#: freeculture.xml:8488
 msgid "Moyers, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8467
+#: freeculture.xml:8490
 msgid ""
 "While the number of channels has increased dramatically, the ownership of "
 "those channels has narrowed to an ever smaller and smaller few. As Barry "
@@ -12047,7 +12112,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f32 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8482
+#: freeculture.xml:8505
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,</quote> <citetitle>Now with "
 "Bill Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript "
@@ -12055,7 +12120,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8473
+#: freeculture.xml:8496
 msgid ""
 "Well, if you have companies that produce, that finance, that air on their "
 "channel and then distribute worldwide everything that goes through their "
@@ -12066,7 +12131,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8489
+#: freeculture.xml:8512
 msgid ""
 "This narrowing has an effect on what is produced. The product of such large "
 "and concentrated networks is increasingly homogenous.  Increasingly "
@@ -12080,13 +12145,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8500
+#: freeculture.xml:8523
 msgid "Clark, Kim B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f33 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8509
+#: freeculture.xml:8532
 msgid ""
 "Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
 "Revolutionary National Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do "
@@ -12102,7 +12167,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8502
+#: freeculture.xml:8525
 msgid ""
 "Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "
 "affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the "
@@ -12117,7 +12182,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8526
+#: freeculture.xml:8549
 msgid ""
 "I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media market to say "
 "with certainty what concentration and integration will do. The efficiencies "
@@ -12125,14 +12190,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8532
+#: freeculture.xml:8555
 msgid ""
 "But there is a quintessentially obvious example that does strongly suggest "
 "the concern."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8536
+#: freeculture.xml:8559
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the copyright wars, we're in the middle of the drug "
 "wars. Government policy is strongly directed against the drug cartels; "
@@ -12141,7 +12206,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 178 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8541
+#: freeculture.xml:8564
 msgid ""
 "Let me hereby disqualify myself from any possible appointment to any "
 "position in government by saying I believe this war is a profound mistake. I "
@@ -12159,7 +12224,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8560
+#: freeculture.xml:8583
 msgid ""
 "You may not be convinced. That's fine. We live in a democracy, and it is "
 "through votes that we are to choose policy. But to do that, we depend "
@@ -12167,7 +12232,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8567
+#: freeculture.xml:8590
 msgid ""
 "Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "
 "media campaign as part of the <quote>war on drugs.</quote> The campaign "
@@ -12182,14 +12247,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8579
+#: freeculture.xml:8602
 msgid ""
 "Fair enough. It's a good ad. Not terribly misleading. It delivers its "
 "message well. It's a fair and reasonable message."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8583
+#: freeculture.xml:8606
 msgid ""
 "But let's say you think it is a wrong message, and you'd like to run a "
 "countercommercial. Say you want to run a series of ads that try to "
@@ -12199,7 +12264,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 179 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8589
+#: freeculture.xml:8612
 msgid ""
 "Well, obviously, these ads cost lots of money. Assume you raise the "
 "money. Assume a group of concerned citizens donates all the money in the "
@@ -12208,32 +12273,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8631
+#: freeculture.xml:8654
 msgid "Comcast"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8632
+#: freeculture.xml:8655
 msgid "Marijuana Policy Project"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8633
+#: freeculture.xml:8656
 msgid "NBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8634
+#: freeculture.xml:8657
 msgid "WJOA"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8635
+#: freeculture.xml:8658
 msgid "WRC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8606
+#: freeculture.xml:8629
 msgid ""
 "The Marijuana Policy Project, in February 2003, sought to place ads that "
 "directly responded to the Nick and Norm series on stations within the "
@@ -12267,7 +12332,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8596
+#: freeculture.xml:8619
 msgid ""
 "No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "
 "<quote>controversial</quote> ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
@@ -12281,7 +12346,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8640
+#: freeculture.xml:8663
 msgid ""
 "I'd be happy to defend the networks' rights, as well&mdash;if we lived in a "
 "media market that was truly diverse. But concentration in the media throws "
@@ -12294,12 +12359,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8653
+#: freeculture.xml:8676
 msgid "Together"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8655
+#: freeculture.xml:8678
 msgid ""
 "There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "
 "warriors that the government should <quote>protect my property.</quote> In "
@@ -12309,7 +12374,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 180 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8661
+#: freeculture.xml:8684
 msgid ""
 "But when we see how dramatically this <quote>property</quote> has "
 "changed&mdash; when we recognize how it might now interact with both "
@@ -12324,7 +12389,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8677
+#: freeculture.xml:8700
 msgid ""
 "Not starkly. Or absolutely. My point is not that we should abolish copyright "
 "or go back to the eighteenth century. That would be a total mistake, "
@@ -12333,7 +12398,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8683
+#: freeculture.xml:8706
 msgid ""
 "But there is a space between zero and one, Internet culture "
 "notwithstanding.  And these massive shifts in the effective power of "
@@ -12347,7 +12412,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8695
+#: freeculture.xml:8718
 msgid ""
 "Copyright law has not been a rock of Gibraltar. It's not a set of constant "
 "commitments that, for some mysterious reason, teenagers and geeks now "
@@ -12362,7 +12427,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 181 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8707
+#: freeculture.xml:8730
 msgid ""
 "For the single point that is lost in this war on pirates is a point that we "
 "see only after surveying the range of these changes. When you add together "
@@ -12373,7 +12438,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8731
+#: freeculture.xml:8754
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a "
 "similar point in his <quote>four surrenders</quote> of copyright law in the "
@@ -12381,7 +12446,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8716
+#: freeculture.xml:8739
 msgid ""
 "Not when copyrights were perpetual, for when copyrights were perpetual, they "
 "affected only that precise creative work. Not when only publishers had the "
@@ -12399,14 +12464,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8737
+#: freeculture.xml:8760
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>This has been</emphasis> a long chapter. Its point "
 "can now be briefly stated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8741
+#: freeculture.xml:8764
 msgid ""
 "At the start of this book, I distinguished between commercial and "
 "noncommercial culture. In the course of this chapter, I have distinguished "
@@ -12416,38 +12481,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8753 freeculture.xml:8790
+#: freeculture.xml:8776 freeculture.xml:8813
 msgid "PUBLISH"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8754 freeculture.xml:8791 freeculture.xml:8829 freeculture.xml:8861
+#: freeculture.xml:8777 freeculture.xml:8814 freeculture.xml:8852 freeculture.xml:8884
 msgid "TRANSFORM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8759 freeculture.xml:8796 freeculture.xml:8834 freeculture.xml:8866
+#: freeculture.xml:8782 freeculture.xml:8819 freeculture.xml:8857 freeculture.xml:8889
 msgid "Commercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8760 freeculture.xml:8797 freeculture.xml:8798 freeculture.xml:8835 freeculture.xml:8836 freeculture.xml:8867 freeculture.xml:8868 freeculture.xml:8872 freeculture.xml:8873
+#: freeculture.xml:8783 freeculture.xml:8820 freeculture.xml:8821 freeculture.xml:8858 freeculture.xml:8859 freeculture.xml:8890 freeculture.xml:8891 freeculture.xml:8895 freeculture.xml:8896
 msgid "&copy;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8761 freeculture.xml:8765 freeculture.xml:8766 freeculture.xml:8802 freeculture.xml:8803 freeculture.xml:8841
+#: freeculture.xml:8784 freeculture.xml:8788 freeculture.xml:8789 freeculture.xml:8825 freeculture.xml:8826 freeculture.xml:8864
 msgid "Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8764 freeculture.xml:8801 freeculture.xml:8839 freeculture.xml:8871
+#: freeculture.xml:8787 freeculture.xml:8824 freeculture.xml:8862 freeculture.xml:8894
 msgid "Noncommercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 182 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8773
+#: freeculture.xml:8796
 msgid ""
 "The act of publishing a map, chart, and book was regulated by copyright "
 "law. Nothing else was. Transformations were free. And as copyright attached "
@@ -12457,12 +12522,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8782
+#: freeculture.xml:8805
 msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8810
+#: freeculture.xml:8833
 msgid ""
 "Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law&mdash;if published, "
 "which again, given the economics of publishing at the time, means if offered "
@@ -12471,7 +12536,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8816
+#: freeculture.xml:8839
 msgid ""
 "In 1909 the law changed to regulate copies, not publishing, and after this "
 "change, the scope of the law was tied to technology. As the technology of "
@@ -12481,17 +12546,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8828 freeculture.xml:8860
+#: freeculture.xml:8851 freeculture.xml:8883
 msgid "COPY"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8840
+#: freeculture.xml:8863
 msgid "&copy;/Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8848
+#: freeculture.xml:8871
 msgid ""
 "The law was interpreted to reach noncommercial copying through, say, copy "
 "machines, but still much of copying outside of the commercial market "
@@ -12502,7 +12567,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 183 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8880
+#: freeculture.xml:8903
 msgid ""
 "Every realm is governed by copyright law, whereas before most creativity was "
 "not. The law now regulates the full range of creativity&mdash; commercial or "
@@ -12511,7 +12576,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8888
+#: freeculture.xml:8911
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, copyright law is not the enemy. The enemy is regulation that does "
 "no good. So the question that we should be asking just now is whether "
@@ -12520,7 +12585,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8894
+#: freeculture.xml:8917
 msgid ""
 "I have no doubt that it does good in regulating commercial copying.  But I "
 "also have no doubt that it does more harm than good when regulating (as it "
@@ -12534,12 +12599,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8918
+#: freeculture.xml:8941
 msgid "legal realist movement"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8912
+#: freeculture.xml:8935
 msgid ""
 "It was the single most important contribution of the legal realist movement "
 "to demonstrate that all property rights are always crafted to balance public "
@@ -12550,7 +12615,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8906
+#: freeculture.xml:8929
 msgid ""
 "The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "
 "copyright is a kind of <quote>property,</quote> and of course, as with any "
@@ -12568,7 +12633,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 184 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8931
+#: freeculture.xml:8954
 msgid ""
 "We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "
 "the scope of the interests protected by <quote>property.</quote> The very "
@@ -12587,7 +12652,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8950
+#: freeculture.xml:8973
 msgid ""
 "Free culture is increasingly the casualty in this war on piracy. In response "
 "to a real, if not yet quantified, threat that the technologies of the "
@@ -12602,33 +12667,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8967
+#: freeculture.xml:8990
 msgid "PUZZLES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8971
+#: freeculture.xml:8994
 msgid "CHAPTER ELEVEN: Chimera"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8972
+#: freeculture.xml:8995
 msgid "chimeras"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8973
+#: freeculture.xml:8996
 msgid "Wells, H. G."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8974
+#: freeculture.xml:8997
 msgid "<quote>Country of the Blind, The</quote> (Wells)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8982
+#: freeculture.xml:9005
 msgid ""
 "H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). See "
 "H. G. Wells, <citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other "
@@ -12637,7 +12702,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8977
+#: freeculture.xml:9000
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In a well-known</emphasis> short story by "
 "H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez trips (literally, down an ice "
@@ -12652,7 +12717,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8994
+#: freeculture.xml:9017
 msgid ""
 "Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "
 "to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are "
@@ -12667,7 +12732,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 187 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9006
+#: freeculture.xml:9029
 msgid ""
 "The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
 "virtue of his special power. Not even the ultimate target of his affection, "
@@ -12681,7 +12746,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9017
+#: freeculture.xml:9040
 msgid ""
 "When Nunez announces his desire to marry his <quote>mysteriously "
 "delighted</quote> love, the father and the village object. <quote>You see, "
@@ -12691,14 +12756,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9023
+#: freeculture.xml:9046
 msgid ""
 "After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. <quote>His brain "
 "is affected,</quote> he reports."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9027
+#: freeculture.xml:9050
 msgid ""
 "<quote>What affects it?</quote> the father asks.  <quote>Those queer things "
 "that are called the eyes &hellip; are diseased &hellip; in such a way as to "
@@ -12706,7 +12771,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9032
+#: freeculture.xml:9055
 msgid ""
 "The doctor continues: <quote>I think I may say with reasonable certainty "
 "that in order to cure him completely, all that we need to do is a simple and "
@@ -12715,7 +12780,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9038
+#: freeculture.xml:9061
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Thank Heaven for science!</quote> says the father to the doctor. They "
 "inform Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride.  "
@@ -12725,7 +12790,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 188 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9044
+#: freeculture.xml:9067
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It sometimes</emphasis> happens that the eggs of "
 "twins fuse in the mother's womb. That fusion produces a "
@@ -12737,7 +12802,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9058
+#: freeculture.xml:9081
 msgid ""
 "Before I had read about chimeras, I would have said they were impossible.  A "
 "single person can't have two sets of DNA. The very idea of DNA is that it is "
@@ -12748,7 +12813,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9066
+#: freeculture.xml:9089
 msgid ""
 "The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
 "culture, which I've sometimes called unfairly, and sometimes not unfairly "
@@ -12765,7 +12830,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9080
+#: freeculture.xml:9103
 msgid ""
 "But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
 "p2p network through which anyone can get access to my music, then sure, my "
@@ -12778,7 +12843,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9089
+#: freeculture.xml:9112
 msgid ""
 "Likewise, when the other side says, <quote>File sharing is just like walking "
 "into a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with "
@@ -12790,7 +12855,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 189 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9100
+#: freeculture.xml:9123
 msgid ""
 "But it is not quite stealing from Tower. After all, when I take a CD from "
 "Tower Records, Tower has one less CD to sell. And when I take a CD from "
@@ -12802,7 +12867,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9110
+#: freeculture.xml:9133
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that it is as neither side describes. The point is that it "
 "is both&mdash;both as the RIAA describes it and as Kazaa describes it. It is "
@@ -12812,22 +12877,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9126 freeculture.xml:9408 freeculture.xml:10444
+#: freeculture.xml:9149 freeculture.xml:9435 freeculture.xml:10471
 msgid "ISPs (Internet service providers), user identities revealed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9157
+#: freeculture.xml:9180
 msgid "Conyers, John, Jr."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9158 freeculture.xml:9879
+#: freeculture.xml:9181 freeculture.xml:9906
 msgid "Berman, Howard L."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9126
+#: freeculture.xml:9149
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For an excellent summary, see the "
 "report prepared by GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society "
@@ -12863,7 +12928,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9117
+#: freeculture.xml:9140
 msgid ""
 "We could respond by simply pretending that it is not a chimera. We could, "
 "with the RIAA, decide that every act of file sharing should be a felony. We "
@@ -12876,7 +12941,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9164
+#: freeculture.xml:9187
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could respond to file sharing the way many kids act as "
 "though we've responded. We could totally legalize it. Let there be no "
@@ -12886,7 +12951,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9171
+#: freeculture.xml:9194
 msgid ""
 "Either response is possible. I think either would be a mistake.  Rather than "
 "embrace one of these two extremes, we should embrace something that "
@@ -12900,7 +12965,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 190 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9183
+#: freeculture.xml:9206
 msgid ""
 "Yet zero tolerance is increasingly our government's policy. In the middle of "
 "the chaos that the Internet has created, an extraordinary land grab is "
@@ -12911,7 +12976,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9191
+#: freeculture.xml:9214
 msgid ""
 "I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to <quote>steal</quote> "
 "music. My focus instead is the commercial and cultural innovation that this "
@@ -12925,14 +12990,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9204
+#: freeculture.xml:9227
 msgid ""
 "eMusic opposes music piracy. We are a distributor of copyrighted material, "
 "and we want to protect those rights."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9208
+#: freeculture.xml:9231
 msgid ""
 "But building a technology fortress that locks in the clout of the major "
 "labels is by no means the only way to protect copyright interests, nor is it "
@@ -12943,7 +13008,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9225
+#: freeculture.xml:9248
 msgid ""
 "WIPO and the DMCA One Year Later: Assessing Consumer Access to Digital "
 "Entertainment on the Internet and Other Media: Hearing Before the "
@@ -12954,7 +13019,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9215
+#: freeculture.xml:9238
 msgid ""
 "This is a critical point. The choices that industry sectors make with "
 "respect to these systems will in many ways directly shape the market for "
@@ -12967,12 +13032,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9239 freeculture.xml:9597
+#: freeculture.xml:9262 freeculture.xml:9624
 msgid "Vivendi Universal"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9236
+#: freeculture.xml:9259
 msgid ""
 "In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of "
 "<quote>the major labels.</quote> Its position on these matters has now "
@@ -12980,7 +13045,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9242
+#: freeculture.xml:9265
 msgid ""
 "Reversing our tradition of tolerance now will not merely quash piracy. It "
 "will sacrifice values that are important to this culture, and will kill "
@@ -12988,12 +13053,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9250
+#: freeculture.xml:9273
 msgid "CHAPTER TWELVE: Harms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9252
+#: freeculture.xml:9275
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>To fight</emphasis> <quote>piracy,</quote> to "
 "protect <quote>property,</quote> the content industry has launched a "
@@ -13004,7 +13069,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9260
+#: freeculture.xml:9283
 msgid ""
 "My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "
 "particular, the consequences for <quote>free culture.</quote> But my aim now "
@@ -13013,7 +13078,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9266
+#: freeculture.xml:9289
 msgid ""
 "In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
 "time, the law should defend the old against the new, just when the power of "
@@ -13022,7 +13087,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9274
+#: freeculture.xml:9297
 msgid ""
 "Yet <quote>common sense</quote> does not see it this way. Common sense is "
 "still on the side of the Causbys and the content industry. The extreme "
@@ -13032,7 +13097,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 193 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9282
+#: freeculture.xml:9305
 msgid ""
 "There will be many consequences of continuing this war. I want to describe "
 "just three. All three might be said to be unintended. I am quite confident "
@@ -13042,12 +13107,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9289
+#: freeculture.xml:9312
 msgid "Constraining Creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9291
+#: freeculture.xml:9314
 msgid ""
 "In the next ten years we will see an explosion of digital technologies.  "
 "These technologies will enable almost anyone to capture and share "
@@ -13064,7 +13129,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9306
+#: freeculture.xml:9329
 msgid ""
 "This digital <quote>capturing and sharing</quote> is in part an extension of "
 "the capturing and sharing that has always been integral to our culture, and "
@@ -13079,7 +13144,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 194 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9317
+#: freeculture.xml:9340
 msgid ""
 "Technology has thus given us an opportunity to do something with culture "
 "that has only ever been possible for individuals in small groups, isolated "
@@ -13089,7 +13154,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9327
+#: freeculture.xml:9350
 msgid ""
 "Yet all this is possible only if the activity is presumptively legal. In the "
 "current regime of legal regulation, it is not. Forget file sharing for a "
@@ -13103,12 +13168,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9337 freeculture.xml:9356
+#: freeculture.xml:9360 freeculture.xml:9383
 msgid "Worldcom"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9363
+msgid "doctors malpractice claims against"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9351
+#: freeculture.xml:9378
 msgid ""
 "See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
 "WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
@@ -13119,12 +13189,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9372
+#: freeculture.xml:9399
 msgid "Bush, George W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9363
+#: freeculture.xml:9390
 msgid ""
 "The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
 "House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "
@@ -13138,7 +13208,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9339
+#: freeculture.xml:9366
 msgid ""
 "That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the examples of "
 "extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to proliferate. It is "
@@ -13159,13 +13229,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9378
+#: freeculture.xml:9405
 msgid "art, underground"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9399
+#: freeculture.xml:9426
 msgid ""
 "See Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Wired</citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -13175,7 +13245,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9380
+#: freeculture.xml:9407
 msgid ""
 "The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
 "penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
@@ -13195,7 +13265,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9410
+#: freeculture.xml:9437
 msgid ""
 "Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "
 "law. I described that change in detail in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
@@ -13209,7 +13279,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9423
+#: freeculture.xml:9450
 msgid ""
 "Never in our history has a painter had to worry about whether his painting "
 "infringed on someone else's work; but the modern-day painter, using the "
@@ -13223,7 +13293,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9434
+#: freeculture.xml:9461
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "
 "in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/>, "
@@ -13234,7 +13304,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 196 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9445
+#: freeculture.xml:9472
 msgid ""
 "But fair use in America simply means the right to hire a lawyer to defend "
 "your right to create. And as lawyers love to forget, our system for "
@@ -13247,7 +13317,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9455
+#: freeculture.xml:9482
 msgid ""
 "Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "
 "<quote>breathing room</quote> between regulation by the law and the access "
@@ -13260,7 +13330,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9466
+#: freeculture.xml:9493
 msgid ""
 "For in a world that threatens $150,000 for a single willful infringement of "
 "a copyright, and which demands tens of thousands of dollars to even defend "
@@ -13273,13 +13343,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9477
+#: freeculture.xml:9504
 msgid "As Jed Horovitz, the businessman behind Video Pipeline, said to me,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 197 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9481
+#: freeculture.xml:9508
 msgid ""
 "We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
 "being forced not to express themselves. Thoughts are not being "
@@ -13292,12 +13362,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9494
+#: freeculture.xml:9521
 msgid "Constraining Innovators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9496
+#: freeculture.xml:9523
 msgid ""
 "The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty story&mdash;creativity "
 "quashed, artists who can't speak, yada yada yada. Maybe that doesn't get you "
@@ -13308,7 +13378,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9504
+#: freeculture.xml:9531
 msgid ""
 "But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense.  Indeed, "
 "it is an aspect that could be written by the most extreme promarket "
@@ -13320,7 +13390,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9514
+#: freeculture.xml:9541
 msgid ""
 "The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the same "
 "charge free marketers make about regulating markets. Everyone, of course, "
@@ -13335,13 +13405,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9526 freeculture.xml:9634
+#: freeculture.xml:9553 freeculture.xml:9661
 msgid "Barry, Hank"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 198 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9528
+#: freeculture.xml:9555
 msgid ""
 "This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "
 "that I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
@@ -13356,7 +13426,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9541
+#: freeculture.xml:9568
 msgid ""
 "Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning I told in "
 "<citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> and which has progressed in a way "
@@ -13364,12 +13434,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9545
+#: freeculture.xml:9572
 msgid "Roberts, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9547
+#: freeculture.xml:9574
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com.  MP3.com was "
 "keen to remake the music business. Their goal was not just to facilitate new "
@@ -13380,12 +13450,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9555
+#: freeculture.xml:9582
 msgid "preference data on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9557
+#: freeculture.xml:9584
 msgid ""
 "To make this system work, however, MP3.com needed a reliable way to "
 "recommend music to its users. The idea behind this alternative was to "
@@ -13395,7 +13465,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9564
+#: freeculture.xml:9591
 msgid ""
 "This idea required a simple way to gather data about user preferences.  "
 "MP3.com came up with an extraordinarily clever way to gather this preference "
@@ -13410,7 +13480,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 199 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9576
+#: freeculture.xml:9603
 msgid ""
 "No doubt some could use this system to illegally copy content. But that "
 "opportunity existed with or without MP3.com. The aim of the my.mp3.com "
@@ -13420,7 +13490,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9586
+#: freeculture.xml:9613
 msgid ""
 "To make this system function, however, MP3.com needed to copy 50,000 CDs to "
 "a server. (In principle, it could have been the user who uploaded the music, "
@@ -13434,7 +13504,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9599
+#: freeculture.xml:9626
 msgid ""
 "Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels, headed "
 "by the RIAA, brought a lawsuit against MP3.com. MP3.com settled with four of "
@@ -13446,12 +13516,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9609
+#: freeculture.xml:9636
 msgid "That part of the story I have told before. Now consider its conclusion."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9612
+#: freeculture.xml:9639
 msgid ""
 "After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a "
 "malpractice lawsuit against the lawyers who had advised it that they had a "
@@ -13464,7 +13534,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 200 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9622
+#: freeculture.xml:9649
 msgid ""
 "The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an unspecified "
 "amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in the press) was to "
@@ -13476,18 +13546,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9633
+#: freeculture.xml:9660
 msgid "Hummer, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9635
+#: freeculture.xml:9662
 msgid "Hummer Winblad"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9645
+#: freeculture.xml:9672
 msgid ""
 "See Joseph Menn, <quote>Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel "
@@ -13500,7 +13570,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9639
+#: freeculture.xml:9666
 msgid ""
 "This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003, Universal "
 "and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the venture capital firm "
@@ -13520,22 +13590,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9667
+#: freeculture.xml:9694
 msgid "BMW"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9668
+#: freeculture.xml:9695
 msgid "cars, MP3 sound system in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9683
+#: freeculture.xml:9710
 msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9679
+#: freeculture.xml:9706
 msgid ""
 "Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -13545,7 +13615,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9670
+#: freeculture.xml:9697
 msgid ""
 "I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in the car, "
 "there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW engineers in Germany "
@@ -13557,7 +13627,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9688
+#: freeculture.xml:9715
 msgid ""
 "This is the world of the mafia&mdash;filled with <quote>your money or your "
 "life</quote> offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats "
@@ -13569,7 +13639,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 201 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9698
+#: freeculture.xml:9725
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "
 "enterprises. The point is the definition of <quote>illegal.</quote> The law "
@@ -13585,7 +13655,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9713
+#: freeculture.xml:9740
 msgid ""
 "The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair "
 "use. Whatever the <quote>real</quote> law is, realism about the effect of "
@@ -13600,7 +13670,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 202 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9725
+#: freeculture.xml:9752
 msgid ""
 "The building of a permission culture, rather than a free culture, is the "
 "first important way in which the changes I have described will burden "
@@ -13619,7 +13689,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9744
+#: freeculture.xml:9771
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The uncertainty</emphasis> of the law is one burden "
 "on innovation. There is a second burden that operates more directly. This is "
@@ -13629,7 +13699,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9751
+#: freeculture.xml:9778
 msgid ""
 "The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
 "efficient spread of content. That efficiency is a feature of the Internet's "
@@ -13643,7 +13713,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9766
+#: freeculture.xml:9793
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> "
 "GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law "
@@ -13653,12 +13723,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9779
+#: freeculture.xml:9806
 msgid "GartnerG2, 26&ndash;27."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9762
+#: freeculture.xml:9789
 msgid ""
 "The examples of this form of legislation are many. At the urging of the "
 "content industry, some in Congress have threatened legislation that would "
@@ -13676,7 +13746,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 203 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9783
+#: freeculture.xml:9810
 msgid ""
 "In one sense, these solutions seem sensible. If the problem is the code, why "
 "not regulate the code to remove the problem. But any regulation of technical "
@@ -13686,20 +13756,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9792 freeculture.xml:11638
+#: freeculture.xml:9819 freeculture.xml:11665
 msgid "Intel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9798
+#: freeculture.xml:9825
 msgid ""
 "See David McGuire, <quote>Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,</quote> "
 "Newsbytes, February 2002 (Entertainment)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9794
+#: freeculture.xml:9821
 msgid ""
 "In March 2002, a broad coalition of technology companies, led by Intel, "
 "tried to get Congress to see the harm that such legislation would "
@@ -13709,7 +13779,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9806
+#: freeculture.xml:9833
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There is one</emphasis> more obvious way in which "
 "this war has harmed innovation&mdash;again, a story that will be quite "
@@ -13717,7 +13787,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9811
+#: freeculture.xml:9838
 msgid ""
 "Copyright may be property, but like all property, it is also a form of "
 "regulation. It is a regulation that benefits some and harms others.  When "
@@ -13726,14 +13796,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9825
+#: freeculture.xml:9852
 msgid ""
 "Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
 "Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9819
+#: freeculture.xml:9846
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, despite this feature of copyright as regulation, "
@@ -13747,7 +13817,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9836
+#: freeculture.xml:9863
 msgid ""
 "But that pattern of deference to new technologies has now changed with the "
 "rise of the Internet. Rather than striking a balance between the claims of a "
@@ -13757,12 +13827,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9845
+#: freeculture.xml:9872
 msgid "Grokster, Ltd."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9845
+#: freeculture.xml:9872
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The only circuit court exception "
 "is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry Association of America "
@@ -13781,17 +13851,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9864
+#: freeculture.xml:9891
 msgid "Tauzin, Billy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9880
+#: freeculture.xml:9907
 msgid "Hollings, Fritz"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9864
+#: freeculture.xml:9891
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For example, in July 2002, "
 "Representative Howard Berman introduced the Peer-to-Peer Piracy Prevention "
@@ -13812,7 +13882,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9843
+#: freeculture.xml:9870
 msgid ""
 "The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It has been mirrored in the responses "
@@ -13824,7 +13894,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 204 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9891
+#: freeculture.xml:9918
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"pirates\"/>, when a radio station plays a song, the recording "
@@ -13838,7 +13908,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9902
+#: freeculture.xml:9929
 msgid ""
 "The reasoning behind this balance struck by Congress makes some sense. The "
 "justification was that radio was a kind of advertising. The recording artist "
@@ -13851,7 +13921,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9913
+#: freeculture.xml:9940
 msgid ""
 "Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
 "stream content from a broadcaster to a listener. The broadcast travels "
@@ -13862,7 +13932,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9922
+#: freeculture.xml:9949
 msgid ""
 "This feature of the architecture of Internet radio means that there are "
 "potentially an unlimited number of radio stations that a user could tune in "
@@ -13878,7 +13948,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 205 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9938
+#: freeculture.xml:9965
 msgid ""
 "Internet radio is thus to radio what FM was to AM. It is an improvement "
 "potentially vastly more significant than the FM improvement over AM, since "
@@ -13890,12 +13960,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9962
+#: freeculture.xml:9989
 msgid "Lessing, 239."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9948
+#: freeculture.xml:9975
 msgid ""
 "An almost unlimited number of FM stations was possible in the shortwaves, "
 "thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
@@ -13913,12 +13983,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9972
+#: freeculture.xml:9999
 msgid "Ibid., 229."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9967
+#: freeculture.xml:9994
 msgid ""
 "This potential for FM radio was never realized&mdash;not because Armstrong "
 "was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "
@@ -13928,7 +13998,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9977
+#: freeculture.xml:10004
 msgid ""
 "Now the very same claim could be made about Internet radio. For again, there "
 "is no technical limitation that could restrict the number of Internet radio "
@@ -13939,7 +14009,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 206 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9986
+#: freeculture.xml:10013
 msgid ""
 "But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a new "
 "industry. The recording artists, on the other hand, have a very powerful "
@@ -13954,12 +14024,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10025
+#: freeculture.xml:10052
 msgid "CARP (Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10008
+#: freeculture.xml:10035
 msgid ""
 "This example was derived from fees set by the original Copyright Arbitration "
 "Royalty Panel (CARP) proceedings, and is drawn from an example offered by "
@@ -13981,7 +14051,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10001
+#: freeculture.xml:10028
 msgid ""
 "This financial burden is not slight. As Harvard law professor William Fisher "
 "estimates, if an Internet radio station distributed adfree popular music to "
@@ -13992,7 +14062,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10033
+#: freeculture.xml:10060
 msgid ""
 "The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were "
 "proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio station) "
@@ -14001,57 +14071,57 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10041
+#: freeculture.xml:10068
 msgid "name of the service;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10044
+#: freeculture.xml:10071
 msgid "channel of the program (AM/FM stations use station ID);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10047
+#: freeculture.xml:10074
 msgid "type of program (archived/looped/live);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10050
+#: freeculture.xml:10077
 msgid "date of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10053
+#: freeculture.xml:10080
 msgid "time of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10056
+#: freeculture.xml:10083
 msgid "time zone of origination of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10059
+#: freeculture.xml:10086
 msgid "numeric designation of the place of the sound recording within the program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10062
+#: freeculture.xml:10089
 msgid "duration of transmission (to nearest second);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10065
+#: freeculture.xml:10092
 msgid "sound recording title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10068
+#: freeculture.xml:10095
 msgid "ISRC code of the recording;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10071
+#: freeculture.xml:10098
 msgid ""
 "release year of the album per copyright notice and in the case of "
 "compilation albums, the release year of the album and copy- right date of "
@@ -14059,77 +14129,77 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10074
+#: freeculture.xml:10101
 msgid "featured recording artist;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10077
+#: freeculture.xml:10104
 msgid "retail album title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10080
+#: freeculture.xml:10107
 msgid "recording label;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10083
+#: freeculture.xml:10110
 msgid "UPC code of the retail album;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10086
+#: freeculture.xml:10113
 msgid "catalog number;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10089
+#: freeculture.xml:10116
 msgid "copyright owner information;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10092
+#: freeculture.xml:10119
 msgid "musical genre of the channel or program (station format);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10095
+#: freeculture.xml:10122
 msgid "name of the service or entity;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10098
+#: freeculture.xml:10125
 msgid "channel or program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10101
+#: freeculture.xml:10128
 msgid "date and time that the user logged in (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10104
+#: freeculture.xml:10131
 msgid "date and time that the user logged out (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10107
+#: freeculture.xml:10134
 msgid "time zone where the signal was received (user);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10110
+#: freeculture.xml:10137
 msgid "unique user identifier;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10113
+#: freeculture.xml:10140
 msgid "the country in which the user received the transmissions."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10118
+#: freeculture.xml:10145
 msgid ""
 "The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting requirements, "
 "pending further study. And he also changed the original rates set by the "
@@ -14140,7 +14210,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10126
+#: freeculture.xml:10153
 msgid ""
 "Why? What justifies this difference? Was there any study of the economic "
 "consequences from Internet radio that would justify these differences? Was "
@@ -14148,12 +14218,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10130 freeculture.xml:14815
+#: freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:14842
 msgid "Real Networks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10133
+#: freeculture.xml:10160
 msgid ""
 "In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious to "
 "everyone at the time. As Alex Alben, vice president for Public Policy at "
@@ -14162,7 +14232,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 208 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10139
+#: freeculture.xml:10166
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA, which was representing the record labels, presented some testimony "
 "about what they thought a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller, and "
@@ -14176,7 +14246,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10155
+#: freeculture.xml:10182
 msgid ""
 "And the RIAA experts said, <quote>Well, we don't really model this as an "
 "industry with thousands of webcasters, <emphasis>we think it should be an "
@@ -14185,7 +14255,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10164
+#: freeculture.xml:10191
 msgid ""
 "Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so that "
 "this platform of potentially immense competition, which would cause the "
@@ -14196,12 +14266,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10174
+#: freeculture.xml:10201
 msgid "Corrupting Citizens"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10176
+#: freeculture.xml:10203
 msgid ""
 "Overregulation stifles creativity. It smothers innovation. It gives "
 "dinosaurs a veto over the future. It wastes the extraordinary opportunity "
@@ -14209,7 +14279,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10182
+#: freeculture.xml:10209
 msgid ""
 "In addition to these important harms, there is one more that was important "
 "to our forebears, but seems forgotten today. Overregulation corrupts "
@@ -14218,7 +14288,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10191
+#: freeculture.xml:10218
 msgid ""
 "Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, <quote>The Music Downloading Deluge,</quote> "
 "Pew Internet and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink "
@@ -14229,7 +14299,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 209 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10187
+#: freeculture.xml:10214
 msgid ""
 "The war that is being waged today is a war of prohibition. As with every war "
 "of prohibition, it is targeted against the behavior of a very large number "
@@ -14247,7 +14317,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10225
+#: freeculture.xml:10252
 msgid ""
 "Alex Pham, <quote>The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA "
 "Case,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, "
@@ -14255,7 +14325,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10212
+#: freeculture.xml:10239
 msgid ""
 "The content industry's tactics exploit the failings of the American legal "
 "system. When the RIAA brought suit against Jesse Jordan, it knew that in "
@@ -14277,13 +14347,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10236
+#: freeculture.xml:10263
 msgid "alcohol prohibition"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10248
+#: freeculture.xml:10275
 msgid ""
 "Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, <quote>Alcohol Consumption During "
 "Prohibition,</quote> <citetitle>American Economic Review</citetitle> 81, "
@@ -14292,7 +14362,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10256
+#: freeculture.xml:10283
 msgid ""
 "National Drug Control Policy: Hearing Before the House Government Reform "
 "Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (5 March 2003) (statement of John "
@@ -14301,7 +14371,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10266
+#: freeculture.xml:10293
 msgid ""
 "See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, <quote>Tax "
 "Compliance,</quote> <citetitle>Journal of Economic Literature</citetitle> 36 "
@@ -14309,7 +14379,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10238
+#: freeculture.xml:10265
 msgid ""
 "Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
 "more extreme than anything we've seen before. We experimented with alcohol "
@@ -14332,12 +14402,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10274
+#: freeculture.xml:10301
 msgid "law schools"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10276
+#: freeculture.xml:10303
 msgid ""
 "This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
 "salient issue for teachers like me, whose job it is to teach law students "
@@ -14356,7 +14426,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10293
+#: freeculture.xml:10320
 msgid ""
 "The response to this general illegality is either to enforce the law more "
 "severely or to change the law. We, as a society, have to learn how to make "
@@ -14370,7 +14440,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 211 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10306
+#: freeculture.xml:10333
 msgid ""
 "My point is not the idiotic one: Just because people violate a law, we "
 "should therefore repeal it. Obviously, we could reduce murder statistics "
@@ -14380,7 +14450,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10313
+#: freeculture.xml:10340
 msgid ""
 "My point is instead one that democracies understood for generations, but "
 "that we recently have learned to forget. The rule of law depends upon people "
@@ -14397,7 +14467,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10327
+#: freeculture.xml:10354
 msgid ""
 "When at least forty-three million citizens download content from the "
 "Internet, and when they use tools to combine that content in ways "
@@ -14411,13 +14481,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10339
+#: freeculture.xml:10366
 msgid "This abstract point can be made more clear with a particular example."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 212 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10342
+#: freeculture.xml:10369
 msgid ""
 "We all own CDs. Many of us still own phonograph records. These pieces of "
 "plastic encode music that in a certain sense we have bought.  The law "
@@ -14428,7 +14498,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10353
+#: freeculture.xml:10380
 msgid ""
 "But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
 "records that is effectively free. Because these recordings were made without "
@@ -14440,17 +14510,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10361
+#: freeculture.xml:10388
 msgid "Andromeda"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10362
+#: freeculture.xml:10389
 msgid "mix technology and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10364
+#: freeculture.xml:10391
 msgid ""
 "This <quote>use</quote> of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a "
 "large process at home of ripping all of my and my wife's CDs, and storing "
@@ -14464,7 +14534,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10375
+#: freeculture.xml:10402
 msgid ""
 "This use is enabled by unprotected media&mdash;either CDs or records.  But "
 "unprotected media also enable file sharing. File sharing threatens (or so "
@@ -14477,7 +14547,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 213 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10385
+#: freeculture.xml:10412
 msgid ""
 "If these technologies took off, then the building of large archives of your "
 "own music would become quite difficult. You might hang in hacker circles, "
@@ -14491,7 +14561,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10400
+#: freeculture.xml:10427
 msgid ""
 "If the only way to assure that artists get paid were the elimination of the "
 "ability to freely move content, then these technologies to interfere with "
@@ -14503,7 +14573,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10409
+#: freeculture.xml:10436
 msgid ""
 "My point just now is not to prove that there is such a system. I offer a "
 "version of such a system in the last chapter of this book. For now, the only "
@@ -14516,7 +14586,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10420
+#: freeculture.xml:10447
 msgid ""
 "I believe there is a way to assure that artists are paid without turning "
 "forty-three million Americans into felons. But the salient feature of this "
@@ -14528,7 +14598,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10429
+#: freeculture.xml:10456
 msgid ""
 "Except that this generation's buggy manufacturers have already saddled "
 "Congress, and are riding the law to protect themselves against this new form "
@@ -14538,7 +14608,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 214 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10435
+#: freeculture.xml:10462
 msgid ""
 "It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable "
 "why we as a democracy continue to choose as we do. Jack Valenti is charming; "
@@ -14547,7 +14617,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10446
+#: freeculture.xml:10473
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There's one more</emphasis> aspect to this "
 "corruption that is particularly important to civil liberties, and follows "
@@ -14559,19 +14629,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10454 freeculture.xml:10554
+#: freeculture.xml:10481 freeculture.xml:10581
 msgid "von Lohmann, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10456
+#: freeculture.xml:10483
 msgid ""
 "<quote>If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,</quote> von "
 "Lohmann explains,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10461
+#: freeculture.xml:10488
 msgid ""
 "then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "
 "one degree or another. &hellip; If you're a copyright infringer, how can you "
@@ -14585,7 +14655,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10473
+#: freeculture.xml:10500
 msgid ""
 "And the consequence of this transformation of the American public into "
 "criminals is that it becomes trivial, as a matter of due process, to "
@@ -14593,7 +14663,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10478
+#: freeculture.xml:10505
 msgid ""
 "Users of the Internet began to see this generally in 2003 as the RIAA "
 "launched its campaign to force Internet service providers to turn over the "
@@ -14605,7 +14675,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10496
+#: freeculture.xml:10523
 msgid ""
 "See Frank Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single "
 "Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,</quote> "
@@ -14622,7 +14692,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10487
+#: freeculture.xml:10514
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA then expanded this campaign, by announcing a general strategy to "
 "sue individual users of the Internet who are alleged to have downloaded "
@@ -14636,7 +14706,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10514
+#: freeculture.xml:10541
 msgid ""
 "See <quote>Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses "
 "Some Methods Used,</quote> CNN.com, available at <ulink "
@@ -14644,7 +14714,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10510
+#: freeculture.xml:10537
 msgid ""
 "Even this understates the espionage that is being waged by the RIAA. A "
 "report from CNN late last summer described a strategy the RIAA had adopted "
@@ -14656,7 +14726,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10535
+#: freeculture.xml:10562
 msgid ""
 "See Jeff Adler, <quote>Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not "
 "Penitent,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City "
@@ -14679,7 +14749,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10523
+#: freeculture.xml:10550
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the following not-implausible scenario: Imagine a friend gives a "
 "CD to your daughter&mdash;a collection of songs just like the cassettes you "
@@ -14697,7 +14767,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 216 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10556
+#: freeculture.xml:10583
 msgid ""
 "Now, of course, she'll have the right to defend herself. You can hire a "
 "lawyer for her (at $300 per hour, if you're lucky), and she can plead that "
@@ -14711,7 +14781,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10571
+#: freeculture.xml:10598
 msgid ""
 "So when we're talking about numbers like forty to sixty million Americans "
 "that are essentially copyright infringers, you create a situation where the "
@@ -14732,7 +14802,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10591
+#: freeculture.xml:10618
 msgid ""
 "When forty to sixty million Americans are considered "
 "<quote>criminals</quote> under the law, and when the law could achieve the "
@@ -14743,12 +14813,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10604
+#: freeculture.xml:10631
 msgid "BALANCES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10609
+#: freeculture.xml:10636
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>So here's</emphasis> the picture: You're standing at "
 "the side of the road. Your car is on fire. You are angry and upset because "
@@ -14758,7 +14828,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10616
+#: freeculture.xml:10643
 msgid ""
 "As you ponder the mess, someone else comes along. In a panic, she grabs the "
 "bucket. Before you have a chance to tell her to stop&mdash;or before she "
@@ -14768,7 +14838,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10624
+#: freeculture.xml:10651
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A war</emphasis> about copyright rages all "
 "around&mdash;and we're all focusing on the wrong thing. No doubt, current "
@@ -14781,7 +14851,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 219 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10634
+#: freeculture.xml:10661
 msgid ""
 "Yet policy makers are not willing to leave this fire to itself. Primed with "
 "plenty of lobbyists' money, they are keen to intervene to eliminate the "
@@ -14791,7 +14861,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10642
+#: freeculture.xml:10669
 msgid ""
 "Somehow we have to find a way to turn attention to this more important and "
 "fundamental issue. Somehow we have to find a way to avoid pouring gasoline "
@@ -14799,7 +14869,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10647
+#: freeculture.xml:10674
 msgid ""
 "We have not found that way yet. Instead, we seem trapped in a simpler, "
 "binary view. However much many people push to frame this debate more "
@@ -14808,7 +14878,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10653
+#: freeculture.xml:10680
 msgid ""
 "This challenge has been my life these last few years. It has also been my "
 "failure. In the two chapters that follow, I describe one small brace of "
@@ -14817,17 +14887,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10663
+#: freeculture.xml:10690
 msgid "CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Eldred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10664
+#: freeculture.xml:10691
 msgid "Hawthorne, Nathaniel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10666
+#: freeculture.xml:10693
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1995</emphasis>, a father was frustrated that his "
 "daughters didn't seem to like Hawthorne. No doubt there was more than one "
@@ -14839,7 +14909,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10675
+#: freeculture.xml:10702
 msgid ""
 "It didn't work&mdash;at least for his daughters. They didn't find Hawthorne "
 "any more interesting than before. But Eldred's experiment gave birth to a "
@@ -14849,7 +14919,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 221 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10684
+#: freeculture.xml:10711
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's library was not simply a copy of certain public domain works, "
 "though even a copy would have been of great value to people across the world "
@@ -14861,7 +14931,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10695
+#: freeculture.xml:10722
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's freedom to do this with Hawthorne's work grew from the same source "
 "as Disney's. Hawthorne's <citetitle>Scarlet Letter</citetitle> had passed "
@@ -14877,12 +14947,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10720 freeculture.xml:11737
+#: freeculture.xml:10747 freeculture.xml:11764
 msgid "pornography"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10720
+#: freeculture.xml:10747
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> There's a parallel here with "
 "pornography that is a bit hard to describe, but it's a strong one. One "
@@ -14901,7 +14971,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10709
+#: freeculture.xml:10736
 msgid ""
 "The Internet created the possibility of noncommercial publications of public "
 "domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
@@ -14916,7 +14986,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10738
+#: freeculture.xml:10765
 msgid ""
 "As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "
 "of poems <citetitle>New Hampshire</citetitle> was slated to pass into the "
@@ -14932,17 +15002,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10751 freeculture.xml:10761
+#: freeculture.xml:10778 freeculture.xml:10788
 msgid "Bono, Mary"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10752 freeculture.xml:10762
+#: freeculture.xml:10779 freeculture.xml:10789
 msgid "Bono, Sonny"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10761
+#: freeculture.xml:10788
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> The full text is: <quote>Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of "
@@ -14955,7 +15025,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10756
+#: freeculture.xml:10783
 msgid ""
 "This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
 "memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "
@@ -14964,7 +15034,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10774
+#: freeculture.xml:10801
 msgid ""
 "Eldred decided to fight this law. He first resolved to fight it through "
 "civil disobedience. In a series of interviews, Eldred announced that he "
@@ -14975,7 +15045,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10783
+#: freeculture.xml:10810
 msgid ""
 "It was here that I became involved in Eldred's battle. I was a "
 "constitutional scholar whose first passion was constitutional "
@@ -14985,7 +15055,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10794
+#: freeculture.xml:10821
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science &hellip; by "
 "securing for limited Times to Authors &hellip; exclusive Right to their "
@@ -14993,7 +15063,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10800
+#: freeculture.xml:10827
 msgid ""
 "As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
 "Article I, section 8 of our Constitution. Every other clause granting power "
@@ -15007,13 +15077,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10809 freeculture.xml:12299
+#: freeculture.xml:10836 freeculture.xml:12326
 msgid "Jaszi, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 223 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10811
+#: freeculture.xml:10838
 msgid ""
 "In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
 "existing terms of copyright protection. What puzzled me about this was, if "
@@ -15026,7 +15096,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10822
+#: freeculture.xml:10849
 msgid ""
 "As an academic, my first response was to hit the books. I remember sitting "
 "late at the office, scouring on-line databases for any serious consideration "
@@ -15039,7 +15109,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10833
+#: freeculture.xml:10860
 msgid ""
 "For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of "
 "government. <quote>Corruption</quote> not in the sense that representatives "
@@ -15051,7 +15121,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10842
+#: freeculture.xml:10869
 msgid ""
 "If that's not obvious to you, consider the following: Say you're one of the "
 "very few lucky copyright owners whose copyright continues to make money one "
@@ -15063,7 +15133,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10852
+#: freeculture.xml:10879
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the Robert Frost estate is earning $100,000 a year from three of "
 "Frost's poems. And imagine the copyright for those poems is about to "
@@ -15073,7 +15143,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 224 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10859
+#: freeculture.xml:10886
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Next year,</quote> the adviser announces, <quote>our copyrights in "
 "works A, B, and C will expire. That means that after next year, we will no "
@@ -15082,7 +15152,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10867
+#: freeculture.xml:10894
 msgid ""
 "<quote>There's a proposal in Congress, however,</quote> she continues, "
 "<quote>that could change this. A few congressmen are floating a bill to "
@@ -15091,14 +15161,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10873
+#: freeculture.xml:10900
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Hope?</quote> a fellow board member says. <quote>Can't we be doing "
 "something about it?</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10877
+#: freeculture.xml:10904
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well, obviously, yes,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>We could "
 "contribute to the campaigns of a number of representatives to try to assure "
@@ -15106,7 +15176,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10882
+#: freeculture.xml:10909
 msgid ""
 "You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "
 "whether this disgusting practice is worth it. <quote>How much would we get "
@@ -15115,7 +15185,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10888
+#: freeculture.xml:10915
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well,</quote> the adviser says, <quote>if you're confident that you "
 "will continue to get at least $100,000 a year from these copyrights, and you "
@@ -15124,14 +15194,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10894
+#: freeculture.xml:10921
 msgid ""
 "You're a bit shocked by the number, but you quickly come to the correct "
 "conclusion:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10898
+#: freeculture.xml:10925
 msgid ""
 "<quote>So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than "
 "$1,000,000 in campaign contributions if we were confident those "
@@ -15139,7 +15209,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10904
+#: freeculture.xml:10931
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Absolutely,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>It is worth it to "
 "you to contribute up to the `present value' of the income you expect from "
@@ -15148,7 +15218,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 225 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10910
+#: freeculture.xml:10937
 msgid ""
 "You quickly get the point&mdash;you as the member of the board and, I trust, "
 "you the reader. Each time copyrights are about to expire, every beneficiary "
@@ -15160,7 +15230,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10921
+#: freeculture.xml:10948
 msgid ""
 "Thus a congressional perpetual motion machine: So long as legislation can be "
 "bought (albeit indirectly), there will be all the incentive in the world to "
@@ -15169,7 +15239,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10933
+#: freeculture.xml:10960
 msgid ""
 "Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
 "Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,</quote> "
@@ -15178,7 +15248,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10940
+#: freeculture.xml:10967
 msgid ""
 "See Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information "
 "Age,</quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -15187,7 +15257,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10948
+#: freeculture.xml:10975
 msgid ""
 "Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
@@ -15195,7 +15265,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10926
+#: freeculture.xml:10953
 msgid ""
 "In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "
 "Extension Act, this <quote>theory</quote> about incentives was proved "
@@ -15210,7 +15280,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10955
+#: freeculture.xml:10982
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Constitutional law</emphasis> is not oblivious to "
 "the obvious. Or at least, it need not be. So when I was considering Eldred's "
@@ -15225,7 +15295,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 226 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10967
+#: freeculture.xml:10994
 msgid ""
 "It was also my judgment that <emphasis>this</emphasis> Supreme Court would "
 "not allow Congress to extend existing terms. As anyone close to the Supreme "
@@ -15237,7 +15307,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10980
+#: freeculture.xml:11007
 msgid ""
 "Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
 "broadly; so, while the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate "
@@ -15247,7 +15317,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10990
+#: freeculture.xml:11017
 msgid ""
 "As the economy grew, this standard increasingly meant that there was no "
 "limit to Congress's power to regulate, since just about every activity, when "
@@ -15257,12 +15327,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10996 freeculture.xml:11786
+#: freeculture.xml:11023 freeculture.xml:11813
 msgid "Rehnquist, William H."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10998
+#: freeculture.xml:11025
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Rehnquist's command, changed that in "
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. The "
@@ -15278,7 +15348,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11013
+#: freeculture.xml:11040
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>, 514 "
 "U.S. 549, 564 (1995)."
@@ -15286,14 +15356,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11020
+#: freeculture.xml:11047
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>, 529 "
 "U.S. 598 (2000)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11011
+#: freeculture.xml:11038
 msgid ""
 "<quote>We pause to consider the implications of the government's "
 "arguments,</quote> the Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -15306,7 +15376,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11027
+#: freeculture.xml:11054
 msgid ""
 "If it is a principle about enumerated powers, then the principle carries "
 "from one enumerated power to another. The animating point in the context of "
@@ -15321,7 +15391,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 227 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11024
+#: freeculture.xml:11051
 msgid ""
 "If a principle were at work here, then it should apply to the Progress "
 "Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -15335,7 +15405,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11048
+#: freeculture.xml:11075
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>If</emphasis>, that is, the principle announced in "
 "<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> stood for a principle.  Many believed the "
@@ -15351,17 +15421,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11060
+#: freeculture.xml:11087
 msgid "copyright purpose established in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11061
+#: freeculture.xml:11088
 msgid "constitutional purpose of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11065
+#: freeculture.xml:11092
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Now let's pause</emphasis> for a moment to make sure "
 "we understand what the argument in <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was not "
@@ -15381,13 +15451,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11082
+#: freeculture.xml:11109
 msgid "Nashville Songwriters Association"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11090
+#: freeculture.xml:11117
 msgid ""
 "Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, "
 "<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  "
@@ -15396,7 +15466,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11084
+#: freeculture.xml:11111
 msgid ""
 "Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
 "Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "
@@ -15408,7 +15478,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11100
+#: freeculture.xml:11127
 msgid ""
 "As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on copyright as a "
 "way to assure that copyright holders do not too heavily influence the "
@@ -15420,7 +15490,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11112
+#: freeculture.xml:11139
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is valuable</emphasis> copyrights that are "
 "responsible for terms being extended.  Mickey Mouse and <quote>Rhapsody in "
@@ -15435,7 +15505,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11130
+#: freeculture.xml:11157
 msgid ""
 "The figure of 2 percent is an extrapolation from the study by the "
 "Congressional Research Service, in light of the estimated renewal "
@@ -15445,7 +15515,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11124
+#: freeculture.xml:11151
 msgid ""
 "If you look at the work created in the first twenty years (1923 to 1942) "
 "affected by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, 2 percent of that "
@@ -15457,7 +15527,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 229 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11139
+#: freeculture.xml:11166
 msgid ""
 "Think practically about the consequence of this extension&mdash;practically, "
 "as a businessperson, and not as a lawyer eager for more legal work. In 1930, "
@@ -15468,7 +15538,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11152
+#: freeculture.xml:11179
 msgid ""
 "Well, first, you'd have to determine which of the 9,873 books were still "
 "under copyright. That requires going to a library (these data are not "
@@ -15479,14 +15549,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11160
+#: freeculture.xml:11187
 msgid ""
 "Then for the books still under copyright, you would need to locate the "
 "current copyright owners. How would you do that?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11164
+#: freeculture.xml:11191
 msgid ""
 "Most people think that there must be a list of these copyright owners "
 "somewhere. Practical people think this way. How could there be thousands and "
@@ -15494,7 +15564,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11171
+#: freeculture.xml:11198
 msgid ""
 "But there is no list. There may be a name from 1930, and then in 1959, of "
 "the person who registered the copyright. But just think practically about "
@@ -15504,7 +15574,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11180
+#: freeculture.xml:11207
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,</quote> the "
 "apologists for the system respond. <quote>Why should there be a list of "
@@ -15512,7 +15582,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11185
+#: freeculture.xml:11212
 msgid ""
 "Well, actually, if you think about it, there <emphasis>are</emphasis> plenty "
 "of lists of who owns what property. Think about deeds on houses, or titles "
@@ -15524,7 +15594,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 230 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11194
+#: freeculture.xml:11221
 msgid ""
 "So: You walk down a street and see a house. You can know who owns the house "
 "by looking it up in the courthouse registry. If you see a car, there is "
@@ -15538,7 +15608,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11209
+#: freeculture.xml:11236
 msgid ""
 "Compare this story to intangible property. You go into a library.  The "
 "library owns the books. But who owns the copyrights? As I've already "
@@ -15552,7 +15622,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11221
+#: freeculture.xml:11248
 msgid ""
 "The consequence with respect to old books is that they won't be digitized, "
 "and hence will simply rot away on shelves. But the consequence for other "
@@ -15560,28 +15630,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11226
+#: freeculture.xml:11253
 msgid "Agee, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11227 freeculture.xml:11662
+#: freeculture.xml:11254 freeculture.xml:11689
 msgid "Hal Roach Studios"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11228
+#: freeculture.xml:11255
 msgid "Laurel and Hardy Films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11229
+#: freeculture.xml:11256
 msgid "Lucky Dog, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11242
+#: freeculture.xml:11269
 msgid ""
 "See David G. Savage, <quote>High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright "
 "Law,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 6 October 2002; David "
@@ -15591,7 +15661,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11231
+#: freeculture.xml:11258
 msgid ""
 "Consider the story of Michael Agee, chairman of Hal Roach Studios, which "
 "owns the copyrights for the Laurel and Hardy films. Agee is a direct "
@@ -15606,7 +15676,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11249
+#: freeculture.xml:11276
 msgid ""
 "Yet Agee opposed the CTEA. His reasons demonstrate a rare virtue in this "
 "culture: selflessness. He argued in a brief before the Supreme Court that "
@@ -15616,7 +15686,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 231 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11255
+#: freeculture.xml:11282
 msgid ""
 "His argument is straightforward. A tiny fraction of this work has any "
 "continuing commercial value. The rest&mdash;to the extent it survives at "
@@ -15628,7 +15698,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11273
+#: freeculture.xml:11300
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Hal Roach Studios and Michael Agee as Amicus Curiae Supporting the "
 "Petitoners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
@@ -15640,7 +15710,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11266
+#: freeculture.xml:11293
 msgid ""
 "We can't know the benefits, but we do know a lot about the costs.  For most "
 "of the history of film, the costs of restoring film were very high; digital "
@@ -15651,7 +15721,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11283
+#: freeculture.xml:11310
 msgid ""
 "Restoration technology is not the only cost, nor the most important.  "
 "Lawyers, too, are a cost, and increasingly, a very important one. In "
@@ -15661,7 +15731,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11291
+#: freeculture.xml:11318
 msgid ""
 "Or more accurately, <emphasis>owners</emphasis>. As we've seen, there isn't "
 "only a single copyright associated with a film; there are many. There isn't "
@@ -15672,7 +15742,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11299
+#: freeculture.xml:11326
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
 "copyright owner when she shows up?</quote> Sure, if you want to commit a "
@@ -15687,7 +15757,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 232 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11310
+#: freeculture.xml:11337
 msgid ""
 "For some films, the benefit of releasing the film may well exceed these "
 "costs. But for the vast majority of them, there is no way the benefit would "
@@ -15697,7 +15767,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11321
+#: freeculture.xml:11348
 msgid ""
 "But by the time the copyright for these films expires, the film will have "
 "expired. These films were produced on nitrate-based stock, and nitrate stock "
@@ -15706,7 +15776,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11329
+#: freeculture.xml:11356
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Of all the</emphasis> creative work produced by "
 "humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has continuing commercial value. For that "
@@ -15717,7 +15787,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11337
+#: freeculture.xml:11364
 msgid ""
 "But even for that tiny fraction, the actual time during which the creative "
 "work has a commercial life is extremely short. As I've indicated, most books "
@@ -15728,7 +15798,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11347
+#: freeculture.xml:11374
 msgid ""
 "Yet that doesn't mean the life of the creative work ends. We don't keep "
 "libraries of books in order to compete with Barnes &amp; Noble, and we don't "
@@ -15742,7 +15812,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 233 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11360
+#: freeculture.xml:11387
 msgid ""
 "Copyrights in this context do not drive an engine of free expression.  In "
 "this context, there is no need for an exclusive right. Copyrights in this "
@@ -15750,7 +15820,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11367
+#: freeculture.xml:11394
 msgid ""
 "Yet, for most of our history, they also did little harm. For most of our "
 "history, when a work ended its commercial life, there was no "
@@ -15763,7 +15833,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11378
+#: freeculture.xml:11405
 msgid ""
 "The same was effectively true of film. Because the costs of restoring a "
 "film&mdash;the real economic costs, not the lawyer costs&mdash;were so high, "
@@ -15774,7 +15844,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11387
+#: freeculture.xml:11414
 msgid ""
 "In other words, though copyright has been relatively short for most of our "
 "history, long copyrights wouldn't have mattered for the works that lost "
@@ -15783,12 +15853,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11393
+#: freeculture.xml:11420
 msgid "But this situation has now changed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11397
+#: freeculture.xml:11424
 msgid ""
 "One crucially important consequence of the emergence of digital technologies "
 "is to enable the archive that Brewster Kahle dreams of.  Digital "
@@ -15803,7 +15873,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 234 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11410
+#: freeculture.xml:11437
 msgid ""
 "And now copyright law does get in the way. Every step of producing this "
 "digital archive of our culture infringes on the exclusive right of "
@@ -15816,7 +15886,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11420
+#: freeculture.xml:11447
 msgid ""
 "Here is the core of the harm that comes from extending terms: Now that "
 "technology enables us to rebuild the library of Alexandria, the law gets in "
@@ -15830,7 +15900,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11431
+#: freeculture.xml:11458
 msgid ""
 "You may well ask, <quote>But if digital technologies lower the costs for "
 "Brewster Kahle, then they will lower the costs for Random House, too.  So "
@@ -15839,7 +15909,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11437
+#: freeculture.xml:11464
 msgid ""
 "Maybe. Someday. But there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that "
 "publishers would be as complete as libraries. If Barnes &amp; Noble offered "
@@ -15854,7 +15924,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11461
+#: freeculture.xml:11488
 msgid ""
 "Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,</quote> "
 "20 December 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -15862,7 +15932,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11449
+#: freeculture.xml:11476
 msgid ""
 "I would be the first to agree that it should do as much as it can: We should "
 "rely upon the market as much as possible to spread and enable culture. My "
@@ -15876,7 +15946,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11468
+#: freeculture.xml:11495
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In January 1999</emphasis>, we filed a lawsuit on "
 "Eric Eldred's behalf in federal district court in Washington, D.C., asking "
@@ -15888,7 +15958,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11477
+#: freeculture.xml:11504
 msgid ""
 "The district court dismissed our claims without even hearing an argument.  A "
 "panel of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit also dismissed our "
@@ -15898,7 +15968,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11484
+#: freeculture.xml:11511
 msgid ""
 "Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "
 "be for <quote>limited Times</quote> only. His argument was as elegant as it "
@@ -15912,7 +15982,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11495
+#: freeculture.xml:11522
 msgid ""
 "We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
 "case. Cases are ordinarily heard in panels of three, except for important "
@@ -15921,13 +15991,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11500
+#: freeculture.xml:11527
 msgid "Tatel, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 236 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11502
+#: freeculture.xml:11529
 msgid ""
 "The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc.  This "
 "time, Judge Sentelle was joined by the most liberal member of the "
@@ -15937,7 +16007,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11511
+#: freeculture.xml:11538
 msgid ""
 "It was here that most expected Eldred v. Ashcroft would die, for the Supreme "
 "Court rarely reviews any decision by a court of appeals. (It hears about one "
@@ -15947,7 +16017,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11518
+#: freeculture.xml:11545
 msgid ""
 "But in February 2002, the Supreme Court surprised the world by granting our "
 "petition to review the D.C. Circuit opinion. Argument was set for October of "
@@ -15955,7 +16025,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11524
+#: freeculture.xml:11551
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is over</emphasis> a year later as I write these "
 "words. It is still astonishingly hard. If you know anything at all about "
@@ -15968,7 +16038,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11535
+#: freeculture.xml:11562
 msgid ""
 "But my client and these friends were wrong. This case could have been "
 "won. It should have been won. And no matter how hard I try to retell this "
@@ -15976,13 +16046,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11540 freeculture.xml:11554
+#: freeculture.xml:11567 freeculture.xml:11581
 msgid "Steward, Geoffrey"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 237 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11542
+#: freeculture.xml:11569
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The mistake</emphasis> was made early, though it "
 "became obvious only at the very end. Our case had been supported from the "
@@ -15994,17 +16064,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11552 freeculture.xml:11915 freeculture.xml:11931 freeculture.xml:12028 freeculture.xml:12248 freeculture.xml:12279 freeculture.xml:12377
+#: freeculture.xml:11579 freeculture.xml:11942 freeculture.xml:11958 freeculture.xml:12055 freeculture.xml:12275 freeculture.xml:12306 freeculture.xml:12404
 msgid "Ayer, Don"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11553
+#: freeculture.xml:11580
 msgid "Bromberg, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11556
+#: freeculture.xml:11583
 msgid ""
 "There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
 "the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite "
@@ -16017,7 +16087,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11566
+#: freeculture.xml:11593
 msgid ""
 "I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
 "dramatic harm to free speech and free culture. Of course I still think it "
@@ -16039,7 +16109,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11587
+#: freeculture.xml:11614
 msgid ""
 "In any case, I thought, the Court must already see the danger and the harm "
 "caused by this sort of law. Why else would they grant review? There was no "
@@ -16050,7 +16120,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 238 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11595
+#: freeculture.xml:11622
 msgid ""
 "There was one way, however, in which I felt politics would matter and in "
 "which I thought a response was appropriate. I was convinced that the Court "
@@ -16069,17 +16139,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11613 freeculture.xml:11640
+#: freeculture.xml:11640 freeculture.xml:11667
 msgid "Eagle Forum"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11614
+#: freeculture.xml:11641
 msgid "Schlafly, Phyllis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11616
+#: freeculture.xml:11643
 msgid ""
 "The first step happened all by itself. Phyllis Schlafly's organization, "
 "Eagle Forum, had been an opponent of the CTEA from the very beginning.  "
@@ -16096,7 +16166,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11630
+#: freeculture.xml:11657
 msgid ""
 "In the Court of Appeals, Eagle Forum was eager to file a brief supporting "
 "our position. Their brief made the argument that became the core claim in "
@@ -16107,7 +16177,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 239 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11642
+#: freeculture.xml:11669
 msgid ""
 "In the Supreme Court, the briefs on our side were about as diverse as it "
 "gets. They included an extraordinary historical brief by the Free Software "
@@ -16120,17 +16190,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11654
+#: freeculture.xml:11681
 msgid "American Association of Law Libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11655
+#: freeculture.xml:11682
 msgid "National Writers Union"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11657
+#: freeculture.xml:11684
 msgid ""
 "Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
 "there were a number of powerful briefs by libraries and archives, including "
@@ -16139,7 +16209,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11664
+#: freeculture.xml:11691
 msgid ""
 "But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the argument I've "
 "already described: A brief by Hal Roach Studios argued that unless the law "
@@ -16148,32 +16218,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11670
+#: freeculture.xml:11697
 msgid "Akerlof, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11671
+#: freeculture.xml:11698
 msgid "Arrow, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11672
+#: freeculture.xml:11699
 msgid "Buchanan, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11673
+#: freeculture.xml:11700
 msgid "Coase, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11674
+#: freeculture.xml:11701
 msgid "Friedman, Milton"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11676
+#: freeculture.xml:11703
 msgid ""
 "This economists' brief was signed by seventeen economists, including five "
 "Nobel Prize winners, including Ronald Coase, James Buchanan, Milton "
@@ -16187,28 +16257,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11686 freeculture.xml:11704 freeculture.xml:11917 freeculture.xml:12280
+#: freeculture.xml:11713 freeculture.xml:11731 freeculture.xml:11944 freeculture.xml:12307
 msgid "Fried, Charles"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11687
+#: freeculture.xml:11714
 msgid "Morrison, Alan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11688
+#: freeculture.xml:11715
 msgid "Public Citizen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11689 freeculture.xml:11916 freeculture.xml:13036
+#: freeculture.xml:11716 freeculture.xml:11943 freeculture.xml:13063
 msgid "Reagan, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 240 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11691
+#: freeculture.xml:11718
 msgid ""
 "The same effort at balance was reflected in the legal team we gathered to "
 "write our briefs in the case. The Jones Day lawyers had been with us from "
@@ -16222,17 +16292,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11705
+#: freeculture.xml:11732
 msgid "constitutional powers of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11706
+#: freeculture.xml:11733
 msgid "Commerce Clause of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11708
+#: freeculture.xml:11735
 msgid ""
 "Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor "
 "general was hired by the other side to defend Congress's power to give media "
@@ -16246,7 +16316,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11720
+#: freeculture.xml:11747
 msgid ""
 "The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "
 "well. Significantly, however, none of these <quote>friends</quote> included "
@@ -16256,7 +16326,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11727
+#: freeculture.xml:11754
 msgid ""
 "The media companies were not surprising. They had the most to gain from the "
 "law. The congressmen were not surprising either&mdash;they were defending "
@@ -16267,18 +16337,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11735
+#: freeculture.xml:11762
 msgid "Gershwin, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11736
+#: freeculture.xml:11763
 msgid "Porgy and Bess"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11746
+#: freeculture.xml:11773
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  (2003) (No. 01-618), 19."
@@ -16286,7 +16356,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11754
+#: freeculture.xml:11781
 msgid ""
 "Dinitia Smith, <quote>Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse "
 "Joins the Fray,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 28 March "
@@ -16295,7 +16365,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 241 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11739
+#: freeculture.xml:11766
 msgid ""
 "Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
 "Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work&mdash; better "
@@ -16312,7 +16382,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11763
+#: freeculture.xml:11790
 msgid ""
 "This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this debate.  "
 "When Congress decides to extend the term of existing copyrights, Congress is "
@@ -16327,7 +16397,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11775
+#: freeculture.xml:11802
 msgid ""
 "We argued as much in a final brief. Not only would upholding the CTEA mean "
 "that there was no limit to the power of Congress to extend "
@@ -16337,7 +16407,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11782
+#: freeculture.xml:11809
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Between February</emphasis> and October, there was "
 "little I did beyond preparing for this case. Early on, as I said, I set the "
@@ -16345,12 +16415,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11787 freeculture.xml:11973
+#: freeculture.xml:11814 freeculture.xml:12000
 msgid "O'Connor, Sandra Day"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11789
+#: freeculture.xml:11816
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "
 "<quote>the Conservatives.</quote> The other we called <quote>the "
@@ -16363,18 +16433,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11798 freeculture.xml:11823 freeculture.xml:12175 freeculture.xml:12187
+#: freeculture.xml:11825 freeculture.xml:11850 freeculture.xml:12202 freeculture.xml:12214
 msgid "Breyer, Stephen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11799 freeculture.xml:12139
+#: freeculture.xml:11826 freeculture.xml:12166
 msgid "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 242 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11801
+#: freeculture.xml:11828
 msgid ""
 "The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on "
 "Congress's power. These four&mdash;Justice Stevens, Justice Souter, Justice "
@@ -16387,7 +16457,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11813
+#: freeculture.xml:11840
 msgid ""
 "In particular, the least likely was Justice Ginsburg's. In addition to her "
 "general view about deference to Congress (except where issues of gender are "
@@ -16400,7 +16470,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11825
+#: freeculture.xml:11852
 msgid ""
 "Close behind Justice Ginsburg were two justices whom we also viewed as "
 "unlikely allies, though possible surprises. Justice Souter strongly favored "
@@ -16410,7 +16480,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11834
+#: freeculture.xml:11861
 msgid ""
 "The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice "
 "Stevens. History will record Justice Stevens as one of the greatest judges "
@@ -16421,7 +16491,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11842
+#: freeculture.xml:11869
 msgid ""
 "This analysis of <quote>the Rest</quote> showed most clearly where our focus "
 "had to be: on the Conservatives. To win this case, we had to crack open "
@@ -16434,7 +16504,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 243 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11852
+#: freeculture.xml:11879
 msgid ""
 "This then was the core of our strategy&mdash;a strategy for which I am "
 "responsible. We would get the Court to see that just as with the "
@@ -16449,7 +16519,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11866
+#: freeculture.xml:11893
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The argument</emphasis> on the government's side "
 "came down to this: Congress has done it before. It should be allowed to do "
@@ -16459,7 +16529,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11874
+#: freeculture.xml:11901
 msgid ""
 "There was some truth to the government's claim, but not much. We certainly "
 "agreed that Congress had extended existing terms in 1831 and in 1909. And of "
@@ -16468,7 +16538,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11881
+#: freeculture.xml:11908
 msgid ""
 "But this <quote>consistency</quote> should be kept in perspective. Congress "
 "extended existing terms once in the first hundred years of the Republic.  It "
@@ -16483,7 +16553,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 244 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11896
+#: freeculture.xml:11923
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Oral argument</emphasis> was scheduled for the first "
 "week in October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During "
@@ -16493,7 +16563,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11906
+#: freeculture.xml:11933
 msgid ""
 "I was convinced that to win, I had to keep the Court focused on a single "
 "point: that if this extension is permitted, then there is no limit to the "
@@ -16504,7 +16574,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11919
+#: freeculture.xml:11946
 msgid ""
 "One moot was before the lawyers at Jones Day. Don Ayer was the skeptic. He "
 "had served in the Reagan Justice Department with Solicitor General Charles "
@@ -16513,7 +16583,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11925
+#: freeculture.xml:11952
 msgid ""
 "<quote>I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
 "willing to upset this practice that the government says has been a "
@@ -16523,7 +16593,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11933
+#: freeculture.xml:11960
 msgid ""
 "He may have argued many cases before this Court, I thought, but he didn't "
 "understand its soul. As a clerk, I had seen the Justices do the right "
@@ -16537,7 +16607,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 245 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11943
+#: freeculture.xml:11970
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The night before</emphasis> the argument, a line of "
 "people began to form in front of the Supreme Court. The case had become a "
@@ -16547,7 +16617,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11953
+#: freeculture.xml:11980
 msgid ""
 "Not everyone has to wait in line. People who know the Justices can ask for "
 "seats they control. (I asked Justice Scalia's chambers for seats for my "
@@ -16563,7 +16633,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11968
+#: freeculture.xml:11995
 msgid ""
 "When the Chief Justice called me to begin my argument, I began where I "
 "intended to stay: on the question of the limits on Congress's power. This "
@@ -16572,14 +16642,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11975
+#: freeculture.xml:12002
 msgid ""
 "Justice O'Connor stopped me within one minute of my opening.  The history "
 "was bothering her."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11980
+#: freeculture.xml:12007
 msgid ""
 "justice o'connor: Congress has extended the term so often through the years, "
 "and if you are right, don't we run the risk of upsetting previous extensions "
@@ -16588,7 +16658,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11987
+#: freeculture.xml:12014
 msgid ""
 "She was quite willing to concede <quote>that this flies directly in the face "
 "of what the framers had in mind.</quote> But my response again and again was "
@@ -16597,7 +16667,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 246 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11993
+#: freeculture.xml:12020
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Well, if it flies in the face of what the framers had in mind, "
 "then the question is, is there a way of interpreting their words that gives "
@@ -16605,14 +16675,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12001
+#: freeculture.xml:12028
 msgid ""
 "There were two points in this argument when I should have seen where the "
 "Court was going. The first was a question by Justice Kennedy, who observed,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12007
+#: freeculture.xml:12034
 msgid ""
 "justice kennedy: Well, I suppose implicit in the argument that the '76 act, "
 "too, should have been declared void, and that we might leave it alone "
@@ -16622,14 +16692,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12015
+#: freeculture.xml:12042
 msgid ""
 "Here follows my clear mistake. Like a professor correcting a student, I "
 "answered,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12021
+#: freeculture.xml:12048
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all.  Nothing "
 "in our Copyright Clause claim hangs upon the empirical assertion about "
@@ -16639,7 +16709,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12030
+#: freeculture.xml:12057
 msgid ""
 "That was a correct answer, but it wasn't the right answer. The right answer "
 "was instead that there was an obvious and profound harm. Any number of "
@@ -16649,7 +16719,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12037
+#: freeculture.xml:12064
 msgid ""
 "The second came from the Chief, for whom the whole case had been "
 "crafted. For the Chief Justice had crafted the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> "
@@ -16658,21 +16728,21 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 247 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12042
+#: freeculture.xml:12069
 msgid ""
 "It was clear a second into his question that he wasn't at all sympathetic.  "
 "To him, we were a bunch of anarchists. As he asked:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12049
+#: freeculture.xml:12076
 msgid ""
 "chief justice: Well, but you want more than that. You want the right to copy "
 "verbatim other people's books, don't you?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12053
+#: freeculture.xml:12080
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: We want the right to copy verbatim works that should be in the "
 "public domain and would be in the public domain but for a statute that "
@@ -16681,12 +16751,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12061
+#: freeculture.xml:12088
 msgid "Olson, Theodore B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12063
+#: freeculture.xml:12090
 msgid ""
 "Things went better for us when the government gave its argument; for now the "
 "Court picked up on the core of our claim. As Justice Scalia asked Solicitor "
@@ -16694,7 +16764,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12069
+#: freeculture.xml:12096
 msgid ""
 "justice scalia: You say that the functional equivalent of an unlimited time "
 "would be a violation [of the Constitution], but that's precisely the "
@@ -16703,7 +16773,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12077
+#: freeculture.xml:12104
 msgid ""
 "When Olson was finished, it was my turn to give a closing rebuttal.  Olson's "
 "flailing had revived my anger. But my anger still was directed to the "
@@ -16719,7 +16789,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 248 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12090
+#: freeculture.xml:12117
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I left</emphasis> the court that day, I knew "
 "there were a hundred points I wished I could remake. There were a hundred "
@@ -16728,7 +16798,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12099
+#: freeculture.xml:12126
 msgid ""
 "The government had been asked over and over again, what is the limit? Over "
 "and over again, it had answered there is no limit. This was precisely the "
@@ -16745,7 +16815,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12114
+#: freeculture.xml:12141
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The morning</emphasis> of January 15, 2003, I was "
 "five minutes late to the office and missed the 7:00 A.M. call from the "
@@ -16756,7 +16826,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12122
+#: freeculture.xml:12149
 msgid ""
 "A few seconds later, the opinions arrived by e-mail. I took the phone off "
 "the hook, posted an announcement to our blog, and sat down to see where I "
@@ -16764,7 +16834,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12127
+#: freeculture.xml:12154
 msgid ""
 "My <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. Here was a case that pitted all the money "
 "in the world against <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. And here was the last "
@@ -16772,7 +16842,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12133
+#: freeculture.xml:12160
 msgid ""
 "I first scoured the opinion, looking for how the Court would distinguish the "
 "principle in this case from the principle in "
@@ -16783,7 +16853,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 249 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12143
+#: freeculture.xml:12170
 msgid ""
 "Justice Ginsburg simply ignored the enumerated powers argument.  Consistent "
 "with her view that Congress's power was not limited generally, she had found "
@@ -16791,7 +16861,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12148
+#: freeculture.xml:12175
 msgid ""
 "Her opinion was perfectly reasonable&mdash;for her, and for Justice "
 "Souter. Neither believes in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. It would be too "
@@ -16800,7 +16870,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12154
+#: freeculture.xml:12181
 msgid ""
 "But as I realized what had happened, I couldn't quite believe what I was "
 "reading. I had said there was no way this Court could reconcile limited "
@@ -16814,7 +16884,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12165
+#: freeculture.xml:12192
 msgid ""
 "Yet by what right did they get to choose which of the framers' values they "
 "would respect? By what right did they&mdash;the silent five&mdash;get to "
@@ -16827,7 +16897,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12177
+#: freeculture.xml:12204
 msgid ""
 "Justices Breyer and Stevens wrote very strong dissents. Stevens's opinion "
 "was crafted internal to the law: He argued that the tradition of "
@@ -16842,7 +16912,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 250 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12190
+#: freeculture.xml:12217
 msgid ""
 "Justice Breyer's opinion, perhaps the best opinion he has ever written, was "
 "external to the Constitution. He argued that the term of copyrights has "
@@ -16856,7 +16926,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12201
+#: freeculture.xml:12228
 msgid ""
 "These two justices understood all the arguments we had made. But because "
 "neither believed in the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, neither was "
@@ -16867,7 +16937,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12208
+#: freeculture.xml:12235
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Defeat brings depression</emphasis>. They say it is "
 "a sign of health when depression gives way to anger. My anger came quickly, "
@@ -16875,12 +16945,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12213
+#: freeculture.xml:12240
 msgid "originalism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12215
+#: freeculture.xml:12242
 msgid ""
 "It was first anger with the five <quote>Conservatives.</quote> It would have "
 "been one thing for them to have explained why the principle of "
@@ -16898,7 +16968,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 251 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12228
+#: freeculture.xml:12255
 msgid ""
 "Here, they had joined an opinion that never once tried to explain what the "
 "framers had meant by crafting the Progress Clause as they did; they joined "
@@ -16913,7 +16983,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12243
+#: freeculture.xml:12270
 msgid ""
 "My anger with the Conservatives quickly yielded to anger with myself.  For I "
 "had let a view of the law that I liked interfere with a view of the law as "
@@ -16921,7 +16991,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12250
+#: freeculture.xml:12277
 msgid ""
 "Most lawyers, and most law professors, have little patience for idealism "
 "about courts in general and this Supreme Court in particular.  Most have a "
@@ -16936,7 +17006,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 252 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12261
+#: freeculture.xml:12288
 msgid ""
 "As I read back over the transcript from that argument in October, I can see "
 "a hundred places where the answers could have taken the conversation in "
@@ -16955,7 +17025,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12282
+#: freeculture.xml:12309
 msgid ""
 "Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it have "
 "been different if Don Ayer had argued it? Or Charles Fried? Or Kathleen "
@@ -16963,7 +17033,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12287
+#: freeculture.xml:12314
 msgid ""
 "My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court was not "
 "ready, my friends insisted. This was a loss that was destined. It would take "
@@ -16972,7 +17042,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12293
+#: freeculture.xml:12320
 msgid ""
 "Maybe, but I doubt it. These Justices have no financial interest in doing "
 "anything except the right thing. They are not lobbied. They have little "
@@ -16982,7 +17052,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12301
+#: freeculture.xml:12328
 msgid ""
 "And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in "
 "January. For at the start of this case, one of America's leading "
@@ -16992,7 +17062,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12308
+#: freeculture.xml:12335
 msgid ""
 "After the argument and after the decision, Peter said to me, and publicly, "
 "that he was wrong. But if indeed that Court could not have been persuaded, "
@@ -17005,7 +17075,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 253 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12317
+#: freeculture.xml:12344
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>While the reaction</emphasis> to the Sonny Bono Act "
 "itself was almost unanimously negative, the reaction to the Court's decision "
@@ -17019,7 +17089,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12332
+#: freeculture.xml:12359
 msgid ""
 "In effect, the Supreme Court's decision makes it likely that we are seeing "
 "the beginning of the end of public domain and the birth of copyright "
@@ -17030,12 +17100,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12346 freeculture.xml:12351
+#: freeculture.xml:12373 freeculture.xml:12378
 msgid "Bolling, Ruben"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12341
+#: freeculture.xml:12368
 msgid ""
 "The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
 "images&mdash;of Mickey in jail and the like. The best, from my view of the "
@@ -17046,19 +17116,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12349
+#: freeculture.xml:12376
 msgid "Tom the Dancing Bug cartoon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:12350
+#: freeculture.xml:12377
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/18.png\"></graphic> <placeholder "
 "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12354
+#: freeculture.xml:12381
 msgid ""
 "The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>. That <quote>grand "
@@ -17071,12 +17141,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12365
+#: freeculture.xml:12392
 msgid "CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Eldred II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12367
+#: freeculture.xml:12394
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The day</emphasis> <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was "
 "decided, fate would have it that I was to travel to Washington, D.C. (The "
@@ -17089,7 +17159,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12379
+#: freeculture.xml:12406
 msgid ""
 "It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
 "Francisco to Washington, I had heard over and over again in my head the same "
@@ -17103,7 +17173,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 256 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12389
+#: freeculture.xml:12416
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> published the piece. In it, I "
 "proposed a simple fix: Fifty years after a work has been published, the "
@@ -17113,7 +17183,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12397
+#: freeculture.xml:12424
 msgid ""
 "We called this the Eldred Act, but that was just to give it a name.  Eric "
 "Eldred was kind enough to let his name be used once again, but as he said "
@@ -17121,7 +17191,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12402
+#: freeculture.xml:12429
 msgid ""
 "Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "
 "the <quote>Public Domain Enhancement Act</quote> or the <quote>Copyright "
@@ -17133,12 +17203,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12410 freeculture.xml:12611
+#: freeculture.xml:12437 freeculture.xml:12638
 msgid "Forbes, Steve"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12412
+#: freeculture.xml:12439
 msgid ""
 "The reaction to this idea was amazingly strong. Steve Forbes endorsed it in "
 "an editorial. I received an avalanche of e-mail and letters expressing "
@@ -17152,7 +17222,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12424
+#: freeculture.xml:12451
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, many recognized the obvious benefit of the registration "
 "requirement.  For one of the hardest things about the current system for "
@@ -17165,22 +17235,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12434
+#: freeculture.xml:12461
 msgid "Berlin Act (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12435 freeculture.xml:12476
+#: freeculture.xml:12462 freeculture.xml:12503
 msgid "Berne Convention (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12443
+#: freeculture.xml:12470
 msgid "German copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12443
+#: freeculture.xml:12470
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the "
 "Berne Convention, national copyright legislation sometimes made protection "
@@ -17203,7 +17273,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12438
+#: freeculture.xml:12465
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, formalities in copyright law were removed in 1976, "
@@ -17218,7 +17288,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12470
+#: freeculture.xml:12497
 msgid ""
 "That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
 "copyright policy. It is absurd especially for authors, because a world "
@@ -17228,7 +17298,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12478
+#: freeculture.xml:12505
 msgid ""
 "The fight against formalities achieved its first real victory in Berlin in "
 "1908. International copyright lawyers amended the Berne Convention in 1908, "
@@ -17241,7 +17311,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12488
+#: freeculture.xml:12515
 msgid ""
 "These complaints were real and sensible. And the strictness of the "
 "formalities, especially in the United States, was absurd. The law should "
@@ -17252,7 +17322,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12496
+#: freeculture.xml:12523
 msgid ""
 "Even that would have been resisted, however, because registration in the "
 "nineteenth and twentieth centuries was still expensive. It was also a "
@@ -17263,7 +17333,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 258 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12504
+#: freeculture.xml:12531
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the practical complaint of authors in 1908, there was a moral "
 "claim as well. There was no reason that creative property should be a "
@@ -17275,7 +17345,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12516
+#: freeculture.xml:12543
 msgid ""
 "This argument is correct, but its implications are misleading. For the "
 "argument in favor of formalities does not depend upon creative property "
@@ -17286,7 +17356,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12525
+#: freeculture.xml:12552
 msgid ""
 "No one thinks, for example, that land is second-class property just because "
 "you have to register a deed with a court if your sale of land is to be "
@@ -17304,7 +17374,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12541
+#: freeculture.xml:12568
 msgid ""
 "It is similarly special physics that makes formalities important in "
 "copyright law. Unlike a carpenter's table, there's nothing in nature that "
@@ -17319,7 +17389,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12556
+#: freeculture.xml:12583
 msgid ""
 "This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "
 "tried to demonstrate to the Court. This was the part it didn't "
@@ -17332,7 +17402,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12566
+#: freeculture.xml:12593
 msgid ""
 "But now that copyrights can be just about a century long, the inability to "
 "know what is protected and what is not protected becomes a huge and obvious "
@@ -17344,7 +17414,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12575
+#: freeculture.xml:12602
 msgid ""
 "The Eldred Act was designed to respond to exactly this problem. If it is "
 "worth $1 to you, then register your work and you can get the longer "
@@ -17354,7 +17424,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12582
+#: freeculture.xml:12609
 msgid ""
 "If it isn't worth it to you to register to get the benefit of an extended "
 "term, then it shouldn't be worth it for the government to defend your "
@@ -17364,7 +17434,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12589
+#: freeculture.xml:12616
 msgid ""
 "Some worry about the burden on authors. Won't the burden of registering the "
 "work mean that the $1 is really misleading? Isn't the hassle worth more than "
@@ -17373,7 +17443,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 260 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12595
+#: freeculture.xml:12622
 msgid ""
 "It is. The hassle is terrible. The system that exists now is awful. I "
 "completely agree that the Copyright Office has done a terrible job (no doubt "
@@ -17391,7 +17461,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12613
+#: freeculture.xml:12640
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>When Steve Forbes</emphasis> endorsed the idea, some "
 "in Washington began to pay attention. Many people contacted me pointing to "
@@ -17401,12 +17471,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12619
+#: freeculture.xml:12646
 msgid "Lofgren, Zoe"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12621
+#: freeculture.xml:12648
 msgid ""
 "One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
 "bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
@@ -17417,7 +17487,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12630
+#: freeculture.xml:12657
 msgid ""
 "But at this stage, the lobbyists began to intervene. Jack Valenti and the "
 "MPAA general counsel came to the congresswoman's office to give the view of "
@@ -17429,7 +17499,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 261 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12638
+#: freeculture.xml:12665
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA argued first that Congress had <quote>firmly rejected the central "
 "concept in the proposed bill</quote>&mdash;that copyrights be renewed. That "
@@ -17451,7 +17521,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12659
+#: freeculture.xml:12686
 msgid ""
 "Finally, the MPAA argued that existing law enabled copyright owners to do "
 "this if they wanted. But the whole point is that there are thousands of "
@@ -17462,7 +17532,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12667
+#: freeculture.xml:12694
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At the beginning</emphasis> of this book, I told two "
 "stories about the law reacting to changes in technology. In the one, common "
@@ -17475,7 +17545,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12677
+#: freeculture.xml:12704
 msgid ""
 "I used these two cases as a way to frame the war that this book has been "
 "about. For here, too, a new technology is forcing the law to react.  And "
@@ -17485,7 +17555,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 262 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12686
+#: freeculture.xml:12713
 msgid ""
 "When the issue is piracy, it is right for the law to back the copyright "
 "owners. The commercial piracy that I described is wrong and harmful, and the "
@@ -17499,12 +17569,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12696
+#: freeculture.xml:12723
 msgid "Kelly, Kevin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12698
+#: freeculture.xml:12725
 msgid ""
 "But when the copyright owners oppose a proposal such as the Eldred Act, "
 "then, finally, there is an example that lays bare the naked selfinterest "
@@ -17517,12 +17587,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12708
+#: freeculture.xml:12735
 msgid "What does this industry really want?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12711
+#: freeculture.xml:12738
 msgid ""
 "With very little effort, the warriors could protect their content. So the "
 "effort to block something like the Eldred Act is not really about protecting "
@@ -17535,7 +17605,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12722
+#: freeculture.xml:12749
 msgid ""
 "The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
 "most powerful and sexy and well loved of lobbies really has as its aim not "
@@ -17546,7 +17616,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 263 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12730
+#: freeculture.xml:12757
 msgid ""
 "It is not hard to understand why the warriors take this view. It is not hard "
 "to see why it would benefit them if the competition of the public domain "
@@ -17557,7 +17627,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12742
+#: freeculture.xml:12769
 msgid ""
 "What is hard to understand is why the public takes this view. It is as if "
 "the law made airplanes trespassers. The MPAA stands with the Causbys and "
@@ -17567,7 +17637,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12749
+#: freeculture.xml:12776
 msgid ""
 "All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "
 "<quote>property</quote> in intellectual property. Common sense supports it, "
@@ -17579,27 +17649,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12761
+#: freeculture.xml:12788
 msgid "CONCLUSION"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12762
+#: freeculture.xml:12789
 msgid "antiretroviral drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12763
+#: freeculture.xml:12790
 msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12764
+#: freeculture.xml:12791
 msgid "Africa, medications for HIV patients in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12766
+#: freeculture.xml:12793
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are more</emphasis> than 35 million people "
 "with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-five million of them live in "
@@ -17609,7 +17679,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12773
+#: freeculture.xml:12800
 msgid ""
 "There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression.  "
 "These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "
@@ -17620,7 +17690,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12788
+#: freeculture.xml:12815
 msgid ""
 "Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
 "Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
@@ -17631,7 +17701,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12781
+#: freeculture.xml:12808
 msgid ""
 "These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
 "States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "
@@ -17644,7 +17714,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 265 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12799
+#: freeculture.xml:12826
 msgid ""
 "These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
 "expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by "
@@ -17655,7 +17725,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12807
+#: freeculture.xml:12834
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
 "not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "
@@ -17668,7 +17738,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12818
+#: freeculture.xml:12845
 msgid ""
 "But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
 "thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "
@@ -17678,12 +17748,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12836 freeculture.xml:13296
+#: freeculture.xml:12863 freeculture.xml:13323
 msgid "Braithwaite, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12834
+#: freeculture.xml:12861
 msgid ""
 "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism: "
 "Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
@@ -17692,7 +17762,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12825
+#: freeculture.xml:12852
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
 "importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
@@ -17705,7 +17775,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12847
+#: freeculture.xml:12874
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -17720,7 +17790,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12874
+#: freeculture.xml:12901
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -17729,7 +17799,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12841
+#: freeculture.xml:12868
 msgid ""
 "However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
 "opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
@@ -17752,7 +17822,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12880
+#: freeculture.xml:12907
 msgid ""
 "We should place the intervention by the United States in context.  No doubt "
 "patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "
@@ -17764,7 +17834,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12890
+#: freeculture.xml:12917
 msgid ""
 "By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
 "government was not saving drugs for United States citizens.  This is not "
@@ -17775,7 +17845,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12898
+#: freeculture.xml:12925
 msgid ""
 "Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
 "of United States drug companies&mdash;at least, not substantially. It was "
@@ -17789,7 +17859,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f5. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 333 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12913
+#: freeculture.xml:12940
 msgid ""
 "See Sabin Russell, <quote>New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's "
 "Needs at Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco "
@@ -17807,7 +17877,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12907
+#: freeculture.xml:12934
 msgid ""
 "Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
 "which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
@@ -17819,7 +17889,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12934
+#: freeculture.xml:12961
 msgid ""
 "Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
 "when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
@@ -17832,7 +17902,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12944
+#: freeculture.xml:12971
 msgid ""
 "Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations.  Their "
 "managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation.  They push a "
@@ -17843,7 +17913,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12952
+#: freeculture.xml:12979
 msgid ""
 "The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
 "companies would love&mdash;they say, and I believe them&mdash;to sell their "
@@ -17855,7 +17925,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 268 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12960
+#: freeculture.xml:12987
 msgid ""
 "A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
 "grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
@@ -17872,7 +17942,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12975
+#: freeculture.xml:13002
 msgid ""
 "So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
 "When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "
@@ -17880,7 +17950,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12981
+#: freeculture.xml:13008
 msgid ""
 "A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
 "system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same "
@@ -17894,7 +17964,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12993
+#: freeculture.xml:13020
 msgid ""
 "But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
 "critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism.  "
@@ -17906,7 +17976,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 269 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13004
+#: freeculture.xml:13031
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A simple idea</emphasis> blinds us, and under the "
 "cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if any of us "
@@ -17921,7 +17991,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13018
+#: freeculture.xml:13045
 msgid ""
 "So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
 "see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
@@ -17938,38 +18008,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13031
+#: freeculture.xml:13058
 msgid "public projects in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13032
+#: freeculture.xml:13059
 msgid "single nucleotied polymorphisms (SNPs)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13033
+#: freeculture.xml:13060
 msgid "Wellcome Trust"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13034
+#: freeculture.xml:13061
 msgid "World Wide Web"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13035
+#: freeculture.xml:13062
 msgid "Global Positioning System"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13037
+#: freeculture.xml:13064
 msgid "biomedical research"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13042
+#: freeculture.xml:13069
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink "
@@ -17984,22 +18054,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13070 freeculture.xml:13766
+#: freeculture.xml:13097 freeculture.xml:13793
 msgid "academic journals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13071 freeculture.xml:13140 freeculture.xml:13692
+#: freeculture.xml:13098 freeculture.xml:13167 freeculture.xml:13719
 msgid "IBM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13072 freeculture.xml:13829
+#: freeculture.xml:13099 freeculture.xml:13856
 msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13039
+#: freeculture.xml:13066
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In August 2003</emphasis>, a fight broke out in the "
 "United States about a decision by the World Intellectual Property "
@@ -18025,7 +18095,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13076
+#: freeculture.xml:13103
 msgid ""
 "The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
 "common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "
@@ -18036,14 +18106,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13084
+#: freeculture.xml:13111
 msgid ""
 "I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
 "meeting."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13083
+#: freeculture.xml:13110
 msgid ""
 "From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was "
 "ideal.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its "
@@ -18054,13 +18124,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13093 freeculture.xml:13239
+#: freeculture.xml:13120 freeculture.xml:13266
 msgid "World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 271 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13095
+#: freeculture.xml:13122
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
 "WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
@@ -18084,7 +18154,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13119
+#: freeculture.xml:13146
 msgid ""
 "So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
 "thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
@@ -18093,12 +18163,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13125 freeculture.xml:14813
+#: freeculture.xml:13152 freeculture.xml:14840
 msgid "Apple Corporation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13127
+#: freeculture.xml:13154
 msgid ""
 "But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
 "least among lobbyists. That project is <quote>open source and free "
@@ -18112,13 +18182,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13137
+#: freeculture.xml:13164
 msgid "<quote>copyleft</quote> licenses"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13153
+#: freeculture.xml:13180
 msgid ""
 "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
 "sophisticated.  As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
@@ -18139,7 +18209,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13142
+#: freeculture.xml:13169
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
 "that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
@@ -18154,18 +18224,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13170
+#: freeculture.xml:13197
 msgid "General Public License (GPL)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13171
+#: freeculture.xml:13198
 msgid "GPL (General Public License)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 272 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13173
+#: freeculture.xml:13200
 msgid ""
 "More important for our purposes, to support <quote>open source and free "
 "software</quote> is not to oppose copyright. <quote>Open source and free "
@@ -18183,25 +18253,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13190
+#: freeculture.xml:13217
 msgid "Krim, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13191
+#: freeculture.xml:13218
 msgid "WIPO meeting opposed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13201
+#: freeculture.xml:13228
 msgid ""
 "Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> available at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13193
+#: freeculture.xml:13220
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
 "Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
@@ -18214,7 +18284,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13207
+#: freeculture.xml:13234
 msgid ""
 "I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
 "consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "
@@ -18224,12 +18294,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13214 freeculture.xml:13270
+#: freeculture.xml:13241 freeculture.xml:13297
 msgid "Boland, Lois"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13216
+#: freeculture.xml:13243
 msgid ""
 "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
 "the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
@@ -18241,12 +18311,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13226
+#: freeculture.xml:13253
 msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13230
+#: freeculture.xml:13257
 msgid ""
 "First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
 "software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
@@ -18259,32 +18329,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13240
+#: freeculture.xml:13267
 msgid "drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13240
+#: freeculture.xml:13267
 msgid "pharmaceutical"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13241
+#: freeculture.xml:13268
 msgid "generic drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13242
+#: freeculture.xml:13269
 msgid "patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13242
+#: freeculture.xml:13269
 msgid "on pharmaceuticals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13244
+#: freeculture.xml:13271
 msgid ""
 "Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to "
 "<quote>promote</quote> intellectual property maximally? As I had been "
@@ -18300,7 +18370,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13258
+#: freeculture.xml:13285
 msgid ""
 "Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
 "intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
@@ -18316,7 +18386,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 274 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13272
+#: freeculture.xml:13299
 msgid ""
 "When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting "
 "<quote>which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,</quote> "
@@ -18330,7 +18400,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13284
+#: freeculture.xml:13311
 msgid ""
 "There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
 "Anglo-American tradition. It is called <quote>feudalism.</quote> Under "
@@ -18344,14 +18414,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13301
+#: freeculture.xml:13328
 msgid ""
 "See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
 "210&ndash;20.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13298
+#: freeculture.xml:13325
 msgid ""
 "As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
 "are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -18362,7 +18432,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13310
+#: freeculture.xml:13337
 msgid ""
 "When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
 "section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "
@@ -18372,7 +18442,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 275 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13317
+#: freeculture.xml:13344
 msgid ""
 "George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
 "should be (<quote>the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should "
@@ -18385,7 +18455,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13329
+#: freeculture.xml:13356
 msgid ""
 "I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
 "the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "
@@ -18398,7 +18468,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13340
+#: freeculture.xml:13367
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea.  Instead, the "
 "poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the "
@@ -18410,7 +18480,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13348
+#: freeculture.xml:13375
 msgid ""
 "I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
 "too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "
@@ -18418,7 +18488,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13354
+#: freeculture.xml:13381
 msgid ""
 "But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
 "should be to <quote>seek balance,</quote> then count me with the silly, for "
@@ -18433,7 +18503,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 276 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13365
+#: freeculture.xml:13392
 msgid ""
 "It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the "
 "truth. It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something "
@@ -18443,17 +18513,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13373
+#: freeculture.xml:13400
 msgid "If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13377
+#: freeculture.xml:13404
 msgid "Turner, Ted"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13379
+#: freeculture.xml:13406
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are moments</emphasis> of hope in this "
 "struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was considering relaxing "
@@ -18467,7 +18537,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13390
+#: freeculture.xml:13417
 msgid ""
 "This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
 "Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "
@@ -18477,7 +18547,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13398
+#: freeculture.xml:13425
 msgid ""
 "But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle.  Largeness "
 "as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "
@@ -18487,7 +18557,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13405
+#: freeculture.xml:13432
 msgid ""
 "The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
 "instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "
@@ -18499,7 +18569,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13415
+#: freeculture.xml:13442
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
 "and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
@@ -18509,7 +18579,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13422
+#: freeculture.xml:13449
 msgid ""
 "It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
 "could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
@@ -18520,20 +18590,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13430
+#: freeculture.xml:13457
 msgid ""
 "If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
 "tragedy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13433
+#: freeculture.xml:13460
 msgid "Dylan, Bob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13439
+#: freeculture.xml:13466
 msgid ""
 "John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,</quote> CNET News.com, "
 "September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18552,7 +18622,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13457
+#: freeculture.xml:13484
 msgid ""
 "Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued &hellip; by a Little Old "
 "Lady,</quote> mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18562,7 +18632,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f13. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 334 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13464
+#: freeculture.xml:13491
 msgid ""
 "Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
 "Dylan Songs,</quote> Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18570,7 +18640,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13435
+#: freeculture.xml:13462
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I write</emphasis> these final words, the news is "
 "filled with stories about the RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred "
@@ -18590,38 +18660,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13481
+#: freeculture.xml:13508
 msgid "BBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13482
+#: freeculture.xml:13509
 msgid "Brazil, free culture in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13483 freeculture.xml:13845
+#: freeculture.xml:13510 freeculture.xml:13872
 msgid "Creative Commons"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13484
+#: freeculture.xml:13511
 msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13485
+#: freeculture.xml:13512
 msgid "United Kingdom"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13485
+#: freeculture.xml:13512
 msgid "public creative archive in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13490
+#: freeculture.xml:13517
 msgid ""
 "<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,</quote> BBC press "
 "release, 24 August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18630,7 +18700,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13499
+#: freeculture.xml:13526
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil,</quote> Creative Commons Weblog, 6 "
 "August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -18639,7 +18709,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 278 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13487
+#: freeculture.xml:13514
 msgid ""
 "Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
 "will build a <quote>Creative Archive,</quote> from which British citizens "
@@ -18658,20 +18728,20 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 279 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13513
+#: freeculture.xml:13540
 msgid ""
 "Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
 "potential is ever to be realized."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13521
+#: freeculture.xml:13548
 msgid "AFTERWORD"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 280 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13525
+#: freeculture.xml:13552
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will "
 "agree with me that something must be done to change where we are "
@@ -18679,7 +18749,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13530
+#: freeculture.xml:13557
 msgid ""
 "I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
 "which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can "
@@ -18688,7 +18758,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13536
+#: freeculture.xml:13563
 msgid ""
 "That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
 "significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, "
@@ -18697,7 +18767,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13543
+#: freeculture.xml:13570
 msgid ""
 "Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
 "an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think "
@@ -18707,12 +18777,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13552
+#: freeculture.xml:13579
 msgid "US, NOW"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13554
+#: freeculture.xml:13581
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright "
 "warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes&mdash;as "
@@ -18722,7 +18792,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13561
+#: freeculture.xml:13588
 msgid ""
 "The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
 "this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "
@@ -18736,7 +18806,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 282 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13571
+#: freeculture.xml:13598
 msgid ""
 "When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
 "tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be "
@@ -18748,7 +18818,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13583
+#: freeculture.xml:13610
 msgid ""
 "This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
 "by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through "
@@ -18765,7 +18835,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13597
+#: freeculture.xml:13624
 msgid ""
 "What's needed is a way to say something in the middle&mdash;neither "
 "<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but "
@@ -18776,12 +18846,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13606
+#: freeculture.xml:13633
 msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13609
+#: freeculture.xml:13636
 msgid ""
 "If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
 "recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the "
@@ -18793,12 +18863,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13619
+#: freeculture.xml:13646
 msgid "What made it assured?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13623
+#: freeculture.xml:13650
 msgid ""
 "Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
 "xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
@@ -18816,17 +18886,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13638
+#: freeculture.xml:13665
 msgid "Amazon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13639
+#: freeculture.xml:13666
 msgid "cookies, Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13641
+#: freeculture.xml:13668
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
 "become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
@@ -18839,7 +18909,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13651
+#: freeculture.xml:13678
 msgid ""
 "Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
 "libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "
@@ -18852,7 +18922,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13668
+#: freeculture.xml:13695
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the "
 "Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> "
@@ -18867,7 +18937,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 284 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13662
+#: freeculture.xml:13689
 msgid ""
 "It is this reality that explains the push of many to define "
 "<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that "
@@ -18881,7 +18951,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13686
+#: freeculture.xml:13713
 msgid ""
 "A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software "
 "movement. When computers with software were first made available "
@@ -18893,12 +18963,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13694
+#: freeculture.xml:13721
 msgid "Stallman, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13696
+#: freeculture.xml:13723
 msgid ""
 "That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
 "researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
@@ -18908,7 +18978,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13704
+#: freeculture.xml:13731
 msgid ""
 "In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
 "math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone "
@@ -18922,7 +18992,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13716
+#: freeculture.xml:13743
 msgid ""
 "No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
 "computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system "
@@ -18935,7 +19005,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 285 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13725
+#: freeculture.xml:13752
 msgid ""
 "Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
 "1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code.  The world of "
@@ -18945,12 +19015,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13733
+#: freeculture.xml:13760
 msgid "Torvalds, Linus"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13735
+#: freeculture.xml:13762
 msgid ""
 "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
 "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
@@ -18961,7 +19031,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13743
+#: freeculture.xml:13770
 msgid ""
 "Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
 "that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software "
@@ -18974,7 +19044,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13754
+#: freeculture.xml:13781
 msgid ""
 "Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
 "privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken "
@@ -18985,7 +19055,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13762
+#: freeculture.xml:13789
 msgid ""
 "Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
 "the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific "
@@ -18994,7 +19064,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 286 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13768
+#: freeculture.xml:13795
 msgid ""
 "As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
 "printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to "
@@ -19011,7 +19081,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13784
+#: freeculture.xml:13811
 msgid ""
 "There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
 "charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for "
@@ -19023,7 +19093,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13793
+#: freeculture.xml:13820
 msgid ""
 "But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
 "through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this "
@@ -19031,7 +19101,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13798
+#: freeculture.xml:13825
 msgid ""
 "As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
 "scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, "
@@ -19046,7 +19116,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13810
+#: freeculture.xml:13837
 msgid ""
 "As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
 "libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means "
@@ -19056,7 +19126,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13818
+#: freeculture.xml:13845
 msgid ""
 "This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
 "freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for "
@@ -19071,7 +19141,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13832
+#: freeculture.xml:13859
 msgid ""
 "This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
 "before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets.  There's no "
@@ -19082,24 +19152,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13844
+#: freeculture.xml:13871
 msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13847
+#: freeculture.xml:13874
 msgid ""
 "The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
 "increasing control effected through law and technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13850
+#: freeculture.xml:13877
 msgid "Stanford University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13852
+#: freeculture.xml:13879
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
 "established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "
@@ -19113,7 +19183,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 288 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13863
+#: freeculture.xml:13890
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>&mdash;which means without a middleman, or "
 "without a lawyer.  By developing a free set of licenses that people can "
@@ -19132,7 +19202,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13881
+#: freeculture.xml:13908
 msgid ""
 "These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
 "contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a "
@@ -19146,7 +19216,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13892
+#: freeculture.xml:13919
 msgid ""
 "These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
 "copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair "
@@ -19159,13 +19229,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13902
+#: freeculture.xml:13929
 msgid "Garlick, Mia"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 289 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13904
+#: freeculture.xml:13931
 msgid ""
 "This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons.  And of "
 "course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such "
@@ -19179,7 +19249,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13917
+#: freeculture.xml:13944
 msgid ""
 "The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The "
 "aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a "
@@ -19194,7 +19264,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13930
+#: freeculture.xml:13957
 msgid ""
 "Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
 "to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "
@@ -19204,7 +19274,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13937
+#: freeculture.xml:13964
 msgid ""
 "Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
 "like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1)  those who will buy "
@@ -19218,7 +19288,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13949
+#: freeculture.xml:13976
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion.  "
 "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
@@ -19226,18 +19296,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13954
+#: freeculture.xml:13981
 msgid "Free for All (Wayner)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13955
+#: freeculture.xml:13982
 msgid "Wayner, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 290 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13957
+#: freeculture.xml:13984
 msgid ""
 "The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
 "confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "
@@ -19249,23 +19319,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13968
+#: freeculture.xml:13995
 msgid "Public Enemy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13969
+#: freeculture.xml:13996
 msgid "rap music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13970
+#: freeculture.xml:13997
 msgid "Leaphart, Walter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13987
+#: freeculture.xml:14014
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
 "Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
@@ -19274,7 +19344,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13972
+#: freeculture.xml:13999
 msgid ""
 "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
 "content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
@@ -19294,7 +19364,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13996
+#: freeculture.xml:14023
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
 "license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
@@ -19309,7 +19379,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 291 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14008
+#: freeculture.xml:14035
 msgid ""
 "In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
 "objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is "
@@ -19320,7 +19390,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14018
+#: freeculture.xml:14045
 msgid ""
 "These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
 "arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to "
@@ -19331,7 +19401,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14026
+#: freeculture.xml:14053
 msgid ""
 "Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
 "creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The "
@@ -19342,12 +19412,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14040
+#: freeculture.xml:14067
 msgid "THEM, SOON"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14042
+#: freeculture.xml:14069
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by "
 "individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We "
@@ -19357,7 +19427,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14049
+#: freeculture.xml:14076
 msgid ""
 "In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
 "one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a "
@@ -19366,12 +19436,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14056
+#: freeculture.xml:14083
 msgid "1. More Formalities"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14058
+#: freeculture.xml:14085
 msgid ""
 "If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
 "upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed.  If "
@@ -19381,14 +19451,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 293 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14065
+#: freeculture.xml:14092
 msgid ""
 "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
 "that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14070
+#: freeculture.xml:14097
 msgid ""
 "In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
 "regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
@@ -19397,12 +19467,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14076
+#: freeculture.xml:14103
 msgid "Why?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14079
+#: freeculture.xml:14106
 msgid ""
 "As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good "
@@ -19413,7 +19483,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14088
+#: freeculture.xml:14115
 msgid ""
 "But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a "
 "burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens "
@@ -19428,7 +19498,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14102
+#: freeculture.xml:14129
 msgid ""
 "The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only.  "
 "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
@@ -19436,7 +19506,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14100
+#: freeculture.xml:14127
 msgid ""
 "The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>&mdash;but it should not change it by going back "
@@ -19446,7 +19516,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14110
+#: freeculture.xml:14137
 msgid ""
 "The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
 "copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of "
@@ -19457,12 +19527,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14122
+#: freeculture.xml:14149
 msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14124
+#: freeculture.xml:14151
 msgid ""
 "Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
 "Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that "
@@ -19477,7 +19547,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14137
+#: freeculture.xml:14164
 msgid ""
 "Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
 "extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think "
@@ -19489,7 +19559,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14146
+#: freeculture.xml:14173
 msgid ""
 "In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet.  There "
 "are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world.  Domain name "
@@ -19502,7 +19572,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 295 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14156
+#: freeculture.xml:14183
 msgid ""
 "We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
 "copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but "
@@ -19516,12 +19586,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14171
+#: freeculture.xml:14198
 msgid "MARKING"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14173
+#: freeculture.xml:14200
 msgid ""
 "It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
 "work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for "
@@ -19533,7 +19603,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14183
+#: freeculture.xml:14210
 msgid ""
 "The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
 "and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy "
@@ -19541,7 +19611,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14189
+#: freeculture.xml:14216
 msgid ""
 "One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
 "different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear "
@@ -19555,7 +19625,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14206
+#: freeculture.xml:14233
 msgid ""
 "There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
 "here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system "
@@ -19564,7 +19634,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 296 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14199
+#: freeculture.xml:14226
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
 "published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
@@ -19580,7 +19650,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14219
+#: freeculture.xml:14246
 msgid ""
 "That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
 "again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way "
@@ -19590,12 +19660,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14225
+#: freeculture.xml:14252
 msgid "copyright marking of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14227
+#: freeculture.xml:14254
 msgid ""
 "For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
 "marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
@@ -19609,7 +19679,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14239
+#: freeculture.xml:14266
 msgid ""
 "Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements.  "
 "If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason "
@@ -19620,7 +19690,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14247
+#: freeculture.xml:14274
 msgid ""
 "The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
 "does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things "
@@ -19628,7 +19698,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14252
+#: freeculture.xml:14279
 msgid ""
 "If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
 "difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed.  It "
@@ -19639,12 +19709,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14264
+#: freeculture.xml:14291
 msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14266
+#: freeculture.xml:14293
 msgid ""
 "The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
 "corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
@@ -19653,7 +19723,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14279
+#: freeculture.xml:14306
 msgid ""
 "<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
 "(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink "
@@ -19661,7 +19731,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14271
+#: freeculture.xml:14298
 msgid ""
 "In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a "
 "seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement "
@@ -19674,7 +19744,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14286
+#: freeculture.xml:14313
 msgid ""
 "I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
 "term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles "
@@ -19683,7 +19753,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (1) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14294
+#: freeculture.xml:14321
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
 "to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong "
@@ -19696,7 +19766,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  (2) 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 298 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14303
+#: freeculture.xml:14330
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
 "protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
@@ -19710,13 +19780,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14315
+#: freeculture.xml:14342
 msgid "veterans' pensions"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14326
+#: freeculture.xml:14353
 msgid ""
 "Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation "
 "and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at "
@@ -19724,7 +19794,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14318
+#: freeculture.xml:14345
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed.  "
 "Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
@@ -19739,7 +19809,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (4) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14337
+#: freeculture.xml:14364
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
 "should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once "
@@ -19756,7 +19826,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14353
+#: freeculture.xml:14380
 msgid ""
 "These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
 "copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
@@ -19764,7 +19834,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14359
+#: freeculture.xml:14386
 msgid ""
 "No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
 "all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
@@ -19774,12 +19844,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14369
+#: freeculture.xml:14396
 msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14373
+#: freeculture.xml:14400
 msgid ""
 "As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
 "property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the "
@@ -19790,7 +19860,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14381
+#: freeculture.xml:14408
 msgid ""
 "Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive "
 "right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors "
@@ -19802,20 +19872,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14389
+#: freeculture.xml:14416
 msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14395
+#: freeculture.xml:14422
 msgid ""
 "Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
 "York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14391
+#: freeculture.xml:14418
 msgid ""
 "Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
 "exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
@@ -19827,12 +19897,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14408
+#: freeculture.xml:14435
 msgid "Ibid., 56."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14404
+#: freeculture.xml:14431
 msgid ""
 "So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
 "of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
@@ -19841,7 +19911,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14413
+#: freeculture.xml:14440
 msgid ""
 "I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
 "the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make "
@@ -19851,7 +19921,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14420
+#: freeculture.xml:14447
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
 "then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect "
@@ -19863,7 +19933,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14433
+#: freeculture.xml:14460
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
 "be narrowed.  Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
@@ -19878,7 +19948,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14447
+#: freeculture.xml:14474
 msgid ""
 "This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
 "Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable "
@@ -19888,12 +19958,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14463
+#: freeculture.xml:14490
 msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14461
+#: freeculture.xml:14488
 msgid ""
 "Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
 "Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
@@ -19901,7 +19971,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14455
+#: freeculture.xml:14482
 msgid ""
 "In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
 "the presumption should be that other uses are not protected.  This is the "
@@ -19911,7 +19981,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14469
+#: freeculture.xml:14496
 msgid ""
 "Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
 "system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the "
@@ -19922,7 +19992,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 301 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14476
+#: freeculture.xml:14503
 msgid ""
 "The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
 "part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory "
@@ -19932,12 +20002,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14486
+#: freeculture.xml:14513
 msgid "4. Liberate the Music&mdash;Again"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14488
+#: freeculture.xml:14515
 msgid ""
 "The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
 "fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, "
@@ -19947,7 +20017,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14495
+#: freeculture.xml:14522
 msgid ""
 "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
 "growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any "
@@ -19958,7 +20028,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14504
+#: freeculture.xml:14531
 msgid ""
 "The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
 "particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, "
@@ -19968,7 +20038,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14511
+#: freeculture.xml:14538
 msgid ""
 "File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
 "content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
@@ -19979,7 +20049,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14520
+#: freeculture.xml:14547
 msgid ""
 "There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "CDs."
@@ -19987,7 +20057,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14525
+#: freeculture.xml:14552
 msgid ""
 "There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
 "purchasing CDs."
@@ -19996,7 +20066,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  PAGE BREAK 302 
 #.  C. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14531
+#: freeculture.xml:14558
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
@@ -20005,7 +20075,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  D. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14537
+#: freeculture.xml:14564
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
@@ -20013,7 +20083,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14545
+#: freeculture.xml:14572
 msgid ""
 "Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
 "avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness "
@@ -20024,7 +20094,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14553
+#: freeculture.xml:14580
 msgid ""
 "As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial.  "
@@ -20034,7 +20104,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14561
+#: freeculture.xml:14588
 msgid ""
 "Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
 "that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should "
@@ -20042,7 +20112,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14566
+#: freeculture.xml:14593
 msgid ""
 "Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
 "today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of "
@@ -20057,7 +20127,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 303 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14578
+#: freeculture.xml:14605
 msgid ""
 "But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
 "Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make "
@@ -20073,13 +20143,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14592
+#: freeculture.xml:14619
 msgid "cell phones, music streamed over"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14612
+#: freeculture.xml:14639
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan "
 "Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -20087,7 +20157,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14594
+#: freeculture.xml:14621
 msgid ""
 "In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
 "you access to content on the fly&mdash;such as Internet radio, content that "
@@ -20109,7 +20179,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 304 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14619
+#: freeculture.xml:14646
 msgid ""
 "This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
 "present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file "
@@ -20125,7 +20195,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14635
+#: freeculture.xml:14662
 msgid ""
 "The answer begins with recognizing that there are different "
 "<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D "
@@ -20139,7 +20209,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14646
+#: freeculture.xml:14673
 msgid ""
 "Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content "
 "that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be "
@@ -20151,7 +20221,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14657
+#: freeculture.xml:14684
 msgid ""
 "Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
 "it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries "
@@ -20164,7 +20234,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14667
+#: freeculture.xml:14694
 msgid ""
 "The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem "
 "out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the "
@@ -20177,7 +20247,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 305 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14678
+#: freeculture.xml:14705
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
 "that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the "
@@ -20189,7 +20259,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14688
+#: freeculture.xml:14715
 msgid ""
 "This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
 "available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be "
@@ -20202,7 +20272,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14698
+#: freeculture.xml:14725
 msgid ""
 "The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
 "because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies "
@@ -20213,14 +20283,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14706
+#: freeculture.xml:14733
 msgid ""
 "So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
 "this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14710
+#: freeculture.xml:14737
 msgid ""
 "Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
 "the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet)  has harmed a "
@@ -20234,7 +20304,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 306 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14721
+#: freeculture.xml:14748
 msgid ""
 "I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
 "asbestos.  But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law.  "
@@ -20245,17 +20315,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14728 freeculture.xml:14770
+#: freeculture.xml:14755 freeculture.xml:14797
 msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14768
+#: freeculture.xml:14795
 msgid "Fisher, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14734
+#: freeculture.xml:14761
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, "
 "<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last "
@@ -20297,7 +20367,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14730
+#: freeculture.xml:14757
 msgid ""
 "The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
 "Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -20312,7 +20382,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14784
+#: freeculture.xml:14811
 msgid ""
 "Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
 "questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, "
@@ -20330,7 +20400,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 307 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14801
+#: freeculture.xml:14828
 msgid ""
 "Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
 "not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "
@@ -20343,17 +20413,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14814
+#: freeculture.xml:14841
 msgid "MusicStore"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14816
+#: freeculture.xml:14843
 msgid "prices of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14818
+#: freeculture.xml:14845
 msgid ""
 "No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of "
 "<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that "
@@ -20371,22 +20441,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14833
+#: freeculture.xml:14860
 msgid "cable vs. broadcast"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14836
+#: freeculture.xml:14863
 msgid "film industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14836
+#: freeculture.xml:14863
 msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14838
+#: freeculture.xml:14865
 msgid ""
 "This competition has already occurred against the background of "
 "<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable "
@@ -20402,7 +20472,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14850
+#: freeculture.xml:14877
 msgid ""
 "This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
 "lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
@@ -20413,13 +20483,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14859
+#: freeculture.xml:14886
 msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 308 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14864
+#: freeculture.xml:14891
 msgid ""
 "The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
 "transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
@@ -20428,19 +20498,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14871
+#: freeculture.xml:14898
 msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14877
+#: freeculture.xml:14904
 msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14881
+#: freeculture.xml:14908
 msgid ""
 "permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
 "type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
@@ -20448,14 +20518,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14887
+#: freeculture.xml:14914
 msgid ""
 "while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
 "extent actual harm is demonstrated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14892
+#: freeculture.xml:14919
 msgid ""
 "But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
 "competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
@@ -20464,7 +20534,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14898
+#: freeculture.xml:14925
 msgid ""
 "Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
 "develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
@@ -20481,7 +20551,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 309 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14912
+#: freeculture.xml:14939
 msgid ""
 "But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
 "type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
@@ -20491,12 +20561,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14923
+#: freeculture.xml:14950
 msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14925
+#: freeculture.xml:14952
 msgid ""
 "I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
 "in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
@@ -20505,7 +20575,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14931
+#: freeculture.xml:14958
 msgid ""
 "Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
 "have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
@@ -20515,23 +20585,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14938
+#: freeculture.xml:14965
 msgid "Nimmer, Melville"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14939
+#: freeculture.xml:14966
 msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14939
+#: freeculture.xml:14966
 msgid "Supreme Court challenge of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14950
+#: freeculture.xml:14977
 msgid ""
 "Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville "
 "B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 "
@@ -20539,7 +20609,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14941
+#: freeculture.xml:14968
 msgid ""
 "The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
 "<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
@@ -20552,7 +20622,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14956
+#: freeculture.xml:14983
 msgid ""
 "However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
 "not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
@@ -20560,7 +20630,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14966
+#: freeculture.xml:14993
 msgid ""
 "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
 "commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
@@ -20580,7 +20650,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14961
+#: freeculture.xml:14988
 msgid ""
 "Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits.  But "
 "more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
@@ -20592,7 +20662,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 310 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14990
+#: freeculture.xml:15017
 msgid ""
 "But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
 "anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
@@ -20602,7 +20672,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14998
+#: freeculture.xml:15025
 msgid ""
 "These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
 "the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
@@ -20615,7 +20685,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15008
+#: freeculture.xml:15035
 msgid ""
 "The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
 "tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
@@ -20626,7 +20696,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15016
+#: freeculture.xml:15043
 msgid ""
 "But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
 "from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
@@ -20634,7 +20704,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15023
+#: freeculture.xml:15050
 msgid ""
 "Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
 "technology&mdash;the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
@@ -20647,7 +20717,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 311
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15032
+#: freeculture.xml:15059
 msgid ""
 "The law should regulate in certain areas of culture&mdash;but it should "
 "regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
@@ -20657,7 +20727,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15041
+#: freeculture.xml:15068
 msgid ""
 "We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is "
 "needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
@@ -20665,12 +20735,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15050
+#: freeculture.xml:15077
 msgid "NOTES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15052
+#: freeculture.xml:15079
 msgid ""
 "Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide "
 "Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly "
@@ -20684,12 +20754,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15071
+#: freeculture.xml:15098
 msgid "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15073
+#: freeculture.xml:15100
 msgid ""
 "This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that "
 "began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work "
@@ -20698,7 +20768,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15080
+#: freeculture.xml:15107
 msgid ""
 "I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including "
 "Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and "
@@ -20714,7 +20784,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. PAGE BREAK 337
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15093
+#: freeculture.xml:15120
 msgid ""
 "Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its "
 "culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me "
@@ -20727,7 +20797,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15104
+#: freeculture.xml:15131
 msgid ""
 "These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw "
 "upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive "
@@ -20749,7 +20819,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15124
+#: freeculture.xml:15151
 msgid ""
 "Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and "
 "each provided extremely helpful correction and advice.  Michael helped me to "
@@ -20760,7 +20830,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15133
+#: freeculture.xml:15160
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that "
 "there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "

diff --git a/freeculture.xml b/freeculture.xml
index 2ead4baf57433a348c0ecbfe3d2f2cef85bb5fde..9c3040df161d99719860d7ec8f9dae2afa537a67 100644 (file)
--- a/freeculture.xml
+++ b/freeculture.xml
@@ -2792,8 +2792,10 @@ quipped to me in a rare moment of despondence.
 </chapter>
 <chapter label="3" id="catalogs">
 <title>CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs</title>
+<indexterm><primary>Jordan, Jesse</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm><primary>RPI</primary><see>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)</see></indexterm>
 <indexterm id='idxrensselaer' class='startofrange'><primary>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxrensselaerpolytechnicinstituterpicomputernetworksearchengineof' class='startofrange'><primary>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)</primary><secondary>computer network search engine of</secondary></indexterm>
 <indexterm id='idxsearchengines' class='startofrange'><primary>search engines</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm id='idxuniversitycomputernetworksppsharingon' class='startofrange'><primary>university computer networks, p2p sharing on</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm id='idxinternetsearchenginesusedon' class='startofrange'><primary>Internet</primary><secondary>search engines used on</secondary></indexterm>
@@ -9356,6 +9358,10 @@ work spread across the Internet. But as the law is currently crafted, this
 work is presumptively illegal.
 </para>
 <indexterm><primary>Worldcom</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>copyright infringement lawsuits</primary><secondary>exaggerated claims of</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>copyright infringement lawsuits</primary><secondary>in recording industry</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>doctors malpractice claims against</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Jordan, Jesse</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the
 examples of extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to