Add several indexterm entries after comparing with the ones in http://www.jus.uio...

diff --git a/freeculture.nb.po b/freeculture.nb.po
index 4a735c18196847e3d47c3d97c3ef06e587da21a5..999ece2b34ae5dbf9a4fd5feca6e185d8a44928e 100644 (file)
--- a/freeculture.nb.po
+++ b/freeculture.nb.po
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-03 22:46+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-04 14:48+0300\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2012-08-29 11:14+0200\n"
 "Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <i18n-nb@lister.ping.uio.no>\n"
@@ -3763,7 +3763,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "fanges uten å klarere rettighetene for a fange det.<placeholder type="
 "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>)"
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "Napster"
 msgstr "Napster"
 
@@ -5435,17 +5435,17 @@ msgstr "mot student-fildeling"
 msgid "recording industry"
 msgstr "innspillingsindustrien"
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits of"
 msgstr "krenkelse av opphavsrett søksmål"
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
 msgid "Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)"
 msgstr "Recording industry association of america (riaa)"
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits filed by"
 msgstr "krenkelse av opphavsrett søksmål"
@@ -5660,7 +5660,7 @@ msgstr "musikkindustriens betaling til"
 msgid "artist remuneration in"
 msgstr "artist godtgjørelse i"
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
 msgid "lobbying power of"
 msgstr "lobbyvirksomhet makt"
@@ -7297,7 +7297,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "og hvor mye p2p-deling skader før vi vet hvor sterkt loven bør søke å enten "
 "hindre det eller finne et alternativ for å sikre forfatteren hans overskudd."
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "innovation"
 msgstr "innovasjon"
 
@@ -11202,7 +11202,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "2002, arkivet hadde over 10 milliarder sider, og det ble vokser om en "
 "milliard sider per måned."
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
 msgid "Library of Congress"
 msgstr "Library of congress"
@@ -17553,6 +17553,22 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Constraining Innovators"
 msgstr "Begrensende innovators"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "innovation hampered by"
+msgstr "nyskapning hemmet av"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "industry establishment opposed to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "regulation"
+msgstr "regulering"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "as establishment protectionism"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
 msgid ""
@@ -17615,6 +17631,10 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Barry, Hank"
 msgstr "Barry, Hank"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "venture capitalists"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 198
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
@@ -17651,6 +17671,14 @@ msgstr ""
 "fortalt i fremtiden for idéer og som har kommet i en måte at selv jeg "
 "(pessimist extraordinaire) ville aldri ha forutsett."
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "MP3.com"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "my.mp3.com"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "Roberts, Michael"
 msgstr "Roberts, Michael"
@@ -17754,6 +17782,14 @@ msgstr ""
 "dette var 50 000 eksemplarer, det var 50,000 kopier som er rettet mot å gi "
 "kunder noe de hadde allerede kjøpt."
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "distribution technology targeted in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "outsize penalties of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
 msgid ""
@@ -17815,6 +17851,14 @@ msgstr ""
 "også du.  Så de av dere som tror loven burde være mindre restriktiv bør "
 "innse at et slikt syn på loven vil koste deg og ditt firma dyrt."
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "BMW"
+msgstr "BMW"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "cars, MP3 sound systems in"
+msgstr "biler, MP3-lydsystem i"
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "Hummer, John"
 msgstr "Hummer, John"
@@ -17823,6 +17867,18 @@ msgstr "Hummer, John"
 msgid "Hummer Winblad"
 msgstr "Hummer Winblad"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "MP3 players"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "venture capital for"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
+msgstr "Needleman, Rafe"
+
 #.  f4.
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
 msgid ""
@@ -17855,18 +17911,6 @@ msgid ""
 "Rafe Needleman describes a discussion with BMW:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-msgid "BMW"
-msgstr "BMW"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-msgid "cars, MP3 sound system in"
-msgstr "biler, MP3-lydsystem i"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
-msgstr "Needleman, Rafe"
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
 msgid ""
 "Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s,</quote> "
@@ -18118,11 +18162,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "gjøres riktig, det fordeler skaperne og skader leeches. Når gjort galt, det "
 "er regulering kraftig bruk å beseire konkurrenter."
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Digital Copyright (Litman)"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
-"Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 "Jessica litman, digitale copyright (amherst, n.y.: prometheus bøker, 2001)."
 
@@ -18154,6 +18203,10 @@ msgstr ""
 "domstoler og Kongressen innført juridiske restriksjoner som vil ha effekten "
 "av smothering ny for å dra nytte av gamle."
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "radio on"
+msgstr "radio på"
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "Grokster, Ltd."
 msgstr "Grokster, Ltd."
@@ -18383,6 +18436,18 @@ msgstr ""
 "opphavsrett er en slik lov. så det første spørsmålet som vi bør spørre er, "
 "hvilke opphavsrett regler ville styre Internett-radio?"
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "on radio"
+msgstr "om radio"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "Internet radio hampered by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "on Internet radio fees"
+msgstr "om radio-avgifter på internet"
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 206
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
@@ -25671,16 +25736,15 @@ msgid ""
 "and, by their work, demonstrate the importance of the public domain to other "
 "creativity."
 msgstr ""
-"Dette er bare et av mange prosjekter innen Creative Commons.  Og "
-"Creative Commons er naturligvis ikke den eneste organisasjonen som "
-"bidrar til slike friheter.  Men det som skiller Creative Commons fra "
-"mange andre er at vi er ikke bare interessert i å snakke om et "
-"allemannseie eller i å få lovgiverne til å bidra til å bygge et "
-"allemannseie.  Vårt mål er å bygge en bevegelse av konsumenter og "
-"produsenter av innhold (<quote>innholds-kondusenter</quote>, som "
-"advokat Mia Garlick kaller dem) som hjelper til å bygge allemannseie "
-"og demonstrerer med deres egne verker hvor viktig allemannseiet er for "
-"annen kreativitet."
+"Dette er bare et av mange prosjekter innen Creative Commons.  Og Creative "
+"Commons er naturligvis ikke den eneste organisasjonen som bidrar til slike "
+"friheter.  Men det som skiller Creative Commons fra mange andre er at vi er "
+"ikke bare interessert i å snakke om et allemannseie eller i å få lovgiverne "
+"til å bidra til å bygge et allemannseie.  Vårt mål er å bygge en bevegelse "
+"av konsumenter og produsenter av innhold (<quote>innholds-kondusenter</"
+"quote>, som advokat Mia Garlick kaller dem) som hjelper til å bygge "
+"allemannseie og demonstrerer med deres egne verker hvor viktig allemannseiet "
+"er for annen kreativitet."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
@@ -25805,9 +25869,9 @@ msgid ""
 "culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 "<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
-"Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produsert av Jed Horovitz, regissert av Greg "
-"Hittelman, en produksjon av Fiat Lucre, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink>."
+"Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produsert av Jed Horovitz, regissert av "
+"Greg Hittelman, en produksjon av Fiat Lucre, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink>."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
 msgid ""
@@ -26226,18 +26290,17 @@ msgid ""
 "new work from then on though no penalty would attach for existing uses.  "
 "This would create a strong incentive for copyright owners to mark their work."
 msgstr ""
-"La oss starte med det siste poenget.  Hvis en opphavsrettsinnehaver "
-"tillater at hans verk blir publirset uten opphavsrettsmerking, så "
-"trenger ikke konsekvensen være at opphavsretten er tapt.  Konsekvensen "
-"kan i stedet være at enhver da har rett til å bruke dette verket "
-"inntil opphavsrettsinnehaveren klager og demonstrerer at det er hans "
-"verk og at han ikke gir tillatelse.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Meningen til et umerket verk ville dermed væræ <quote>bruk "
-"med mindre noen klager</quote>.  Hvis noen klager, så er forpliktelsen "
-"at en må slutte å bruke verket i ethvert nytt verk fra da av, selv om "
-"det ikke er noen straffereaksjon knyttet til eksisterende bruk.  Dette "
-"vil skape et sterkt insentiv for opphavsrettseiere til å merke sine "
-"verk."
+"La oss starte med det siste poenget.  Hvis en opphavsrettsinnehaver tillater "
+"at hans verk blir publirset uten opphavsrettsmerking, så trenger ikke "
+"konsekvensen være at opphavsretten er tapt.  Konsekvensen kan i stedet være "
+"at enhver da har rett til å bruke dette verket inntil "
+"opphavsrettsinnehaveren klager og demonstrerer at det er hans verk og at han "
+"ikke gir tillatelse.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Meningen til "
+"et umerket verk ville dermed væræ <quote>bruk med mindre noen klager</"
+"quote>.  Hvis noen klager, så er forpliktelsen at en må slutte å bruke "
+"verket i ethvert nytt verk fra da av, selv om det ikke er noen "
+"straffereaksjon knyttet til eksisterende bruk.  Dette vil skape et sterkt "
+"insentiv for opphavsrettseiere til å merke sine verk."
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
 #, mtrans, fuzzy
@@ -26556,12 +26619,12 @@ msgid ""
 "This expansion has been commented upon by one of the law's greatest judges, "
 "Judge Benjamin Kaplan."
 msgstr ""
-"Kongressen innvilget starten på denne retten i 1870, da den utvidet "
-"den eksklusive retten i opphavsretten til å inneholde retten til å "
-"kontrollere oversettelser og dramatiseringer av et verk.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Domstolene har utvidet det sakte gjennom "
-"lovfortolkninger siden da.  Denne utvidelsen har vært kommentert av en "
-"av jussverdens beste dommere, dommer Benjamin Kaplan."
+"Kongressen innvilget starten på denne retten i 1870, da den utvidet den "
+"eksklusive retten i opphavsretten til å inneholde retten til å kontrollere "
+"oversettelser og dramatiseringer av et verk.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> Domstolene har utvidet det sakte gjennom lovfortolkninger siden "
+"da.  Denne utvidelsen har vært kommentert av en av jussverdens beste "
+"dommere, dommer Benjamin Kaplan."
 
 #.  f6.
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>

diff --git a/freeculture.pot b/freeculture.pot
index c824af5755dc8efa94d87307b3a9a72e1cab6671..3b59840b8e95380d4d02025b76fb98bdccbb5f93 100644 (file)
--- a/freeculture.pot
+++ b/freeculture.pot
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-03 22:46+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-04 14:48+0300\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -471,17 +471,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:398 freeculture.xml:1048
+#: freeculture.xml:398 freeculture.xml:1052
 msgid "power, concentration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13445
+#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13505
 msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13446
+#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13506
 msgid "Safire, William"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ msgid "INTRODUCTION"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:480 freeculture.xml:583 freeculture.xml:1037
+#: freeculture.xml:480 freeculture.xml:583 freeculture.xml:1041
 msgid "Wright brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -603,17 +603,17 @@ msgid "air traffic, land ownership vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14450
+#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14510
 msgid "land ownership, air traffic and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4677 freeculture.xml:13348 freeculture.xml:14451
+#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4681 freeculture.xml:13408 freeculture.xml:14511
 msgid "property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14451
+#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14511
 msgid "air traffic vs."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -650,12 +650,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:1017 freeculture.xml:1035 freeculture.xml:1083 freeculture.xml:9294 freeculture.xml:12766 freeculture.xml:13549
+#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:767 freeculture.xml:894 freeculture.xml:1021 freeculture.xml:1039 freeculture.xml:1087 freeculture.xml:9298 freeculture.xml:12826 freeculture.xml:13609
 msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:1018 freeculture.xml:1036 freeculture.xml:1084 freeculture.xml:9295 freeculture.xml:12767 freeculture.xml:13550
+#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:768 freeculture.xml:895 freeculture.xml:1022 freeculture.xml:1040 freeculture.xml:1088 freeculture.xml:9299 freeculture.xml:12827 freeculture.xml:13610
 msgid "Causby, Tinie"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ msgid "Douglas, William O."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4566 freeculture.xml:13841
+#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4570 freeculture.xml:13901
 msgid "Supreme Court, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:606 freeculture.xml:9302 freeculture.xml:9961
+#: freeculture.xml:606 freeculture.xml:9306 freeculture.xml:9997
 msgid "Armstrong, Edwin Howard"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ msgid "Faraday, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:610 freeculture.xml:4308
+#: freeculture.xml:610 freeculture.xml:4312 freeculture.xml:9904
 msgid "radio"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -869,12 +869,12 @@ msgid "RCA"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:663 freeculture.xml:2524 freeculture.xml:2542 freeculture.xml:2576 freeculture.xml:2578
+#: freeculture.xml:663 freeculture.xml:2528 freeculture.xml:2546 freeculture.xml:2580 freeculture.xml:2582
 msgid "media"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:663 freeculture.xml:2578
+#: freeculture.xml:663 freeculture.xml:2582
 msgid "ownership concentration in"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. PAGE BREAK 22
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:768
+#: freeculture.xml:770
 msgid ""
 "This is how the law sometimes works. Not often this tragically, and rarely "
 "with heroic drama, but sometimes, this is how it works. From the beginning, "
@@ -1045,17 +1045,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:1156 freeculture.xml:2395 freeculture.xml:2407 freeculture.xml:2491 freeculture.xml:2525 freeculture.xml:2551 freeculture.xml:2801 freeculture.xml:7339 freeculture.xml:13082
+#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:1160 freeculture.xml:2399 freeculture.xml:2411 freeculture.xml:2495 freeculture.xml:2529 freeculture.xml:2555 freeculture.xml:2805 freeculture.xml:7343 freeculture.xml:9903 freeculture.xml:13142
 msgid "Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:13082
+#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:13142
 msgid "development of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:793
+#: freeculture.xml:795
 msgid ""
 "Amanda Lenhart, <quote>The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A New Look at "
 "Internet Access and the Digital Divide,</quote> Pew Internet and American "
@@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:787
+#: freeculture.xml:789
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">There's no</emphasis> single inventor of the "
 "Internet. Nor is there any good date upon which to mark its birth. Yet in a "
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:802
+#: freeculture.xml:804
 msgid ""
 "As the Internet has been integrated into ordinary life, it has changed "
 "things. Some of these changes are technical&mdash;the Internet has made "
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:813
+#: freeculture.xml:815
 msgid ""
 "Instead, this book is about an effect of the Internet beyond the Internet "
 "itself: an effect upon how culture is made. My claim is that the Internet "
@@ -1101,28 +1101,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:822
+#: freeculture.xml:824
 msgid "Barlow, Joel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:823
+#: freeculture.xml:825
 msgid "culture"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:823
+#: freeculture.xml:825
 msgid "commercial vs. noncommercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:824
+#: freeculture.xml:826
 msgid "Webster, Noah"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 23 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:826
+#: freeculture.xml:828
 msgid ""
 "We can glimpse a sense of this change by distinguishing between commercial "
 "and noncommercial culture, and by mapping the law's regulation of each. By "
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:838
+#: freeculture.xml:840
 msgid ""
 "At the beginning of our history, and for just about the whole of our "
 "tradition, noncommercial culture was essentially unregulated. Of course, if "
@@ -1150,22 +1150,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:848 freeculture.xml:2898 freeculture.xml:2899 freeculture.xml:2926 freeculture.xml:2927 freeculture.xml:2928 freeculture.xml:9361 freeculture.xml:9362
+#: freeculture.xml:850 freeculture.xml:2902 freeculture.xml:2903 freeculture.xml:2930 freeculture.xml:2931 freeculture.xml:2932 freeculture.xml:9365 freeculture.xml:9366 freeculture.xml:9638 freeculture.xml:9639 freeculture.xml:9640 freeculture.xml:9683
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:848
+#: freeculture.xml:850
 msgid "commercial creativity as primary purpose of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:864 freeculture.xml:1998 freeculture.xml:2011
+#: freeculture.xml:866 freeculture.xml:2002 freeculture.xml:2015
 msgid "Brandeis, Louis D."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:856
+#: freeculture.xml:858
 msgid ""
 "This is not the only purpose of copyright, though it is the overwhelmingly "
 "primary purpose of the copyright established in the federal constitution.  "
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:850
+#: freeculture.xml:852
 msgid ""
 "The focus of the law was on commercial creativity. At first slightly, then "
 "quite extensively, the law protected the incentives of creators by granting "
@@ -1191,39 +1191,39 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:871 freeculture.xml:1757
+#: freeculture.xml:873 freeculture.xml:1761
 msgid "free culture"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:871
+#: freeculture.xml:873
 msgid "permission culture vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:872
+#: freeculture.xml:874
 msgid "permission culture"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:872
+#: freeculture.xml:874
 msgid "free culture vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:878 freeculture.xml:9854
+#: freeculture.xml:880 freeculture.xml:9888
 msgid "Litman, Jessica"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:876
+#: freeculture.xml:878
 msgid ""
 "See Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (New York: "
 "Prometheus Books, 2001), ch. 13.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:874
+#: freeculture.xml:876
 msgid ""
 "This rough divide between the free and the controlled has now been "
 "erased.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has set the "
@@ -1239,12 +1239,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:892
+#: freeculture.xml:896
 msgid "protection of artists vs. business interests"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:894
+#: freeculture.xml:898
 msgid ""
 "This change gets justified as necessary to protect commercial creativity.  "
 "And indeed, protectionism is precisely its motivation. But the protectionism "
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:908
+#: freeculture.xml:912
 msgid ""
 "For the Internet has unleashed an extraordinary possibility for many to "
 "participate in the process of building and cultivating a culture that "
@@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:927
+#: freeculture.xml:931
 msgid ""
 "Yet, as I argue in the pages that follow, that is precisely what is "
 "happening in our culture today. These modern-day equivalents of the early "
@@ -1290,17 +1290,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:936
+#: freeculture.xml:940
 msgid "Valenti, Jack"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:936
+#: freeculture.xml:940
 msgid "on creative property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:946
+#: freeculture.xml:950
 msgid ""
 "Amy Harmon, <quote>Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
 "Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,</quote> <citetitle>New "
@@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:938
+#: freeculture.xml:942
 msgid ""
 "It doesn't seem this way to many. The battles over copyright and the "
 "Internet seem remote to most. To the few who follow them, they seem mainly "
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:955
+#: freeculture.xml:959
 msgid ""
 "If those really were the choices, then I would be with Jack Valenti and the "
 "content industry. I, too, am a believer in property, and especially in the "
@@ -1335,7 +1335,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:963
+#: freeculture.xml:967
 msgid ""
 "But those simple beliefs mask a much more fundamental question and a much "
 "more dramatic change. My fear is that unless we come to see this change, the "
@@ -1344,37 +1344,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:968 freeculture.xml:11087 freeculture.xml:11733
+#: freeculture.xml:972 freeculture.xml:11147 freeculture.xml:11793
 msgid "Constitution, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:968
+#: freeculture.xml:972
 msgid "First Amendment to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:969 freeculture.xml:1134 freeculture.xml:1241 freeculture.xml:1266 freeculture.xml:1610 freeculture.xml:1654 freeculture.xml:1768 freeculture.xml:3159 freeculture.xml:4306 freeculture.xml:4307 freeculture.xml:7338 freeculture.xml:7468
+#: freeculture.xml:973 freeculture.xml:1138 freeculture.xml:1245 freeculture.xml:1270 freeculture.xml:1614 freeculture.xml:1658 freeculture.xml:1772 freeculture.xml:3163 freeculture.xml:4310 freeculture.xml:4311 freeculture.xml:7342 freeculture.xml:7472 freeculture.xml:9526 freeculture.xml:9877
 msgid "copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:969
+#: freeculture.xml:973
 msgid "as protection of creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:970
+#: freeculture.xml:974
 msgid "First Amendment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:971 freeculture.xml:981 freeculture.xml:14849
+#: freeculture.xml:975 freeculture.xml:985 freeculture.xml:14909
 msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:979
+#: freeculture.xml:983
 msgid ""
 "Neil W. Netanel, <quote>Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 106 (1996): 283.  <placeholder "
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:973
+#: freeculture.xml:977
 msgid ""
 "These values built a tradition that, for at least the first 180 years of our "
 "Republic, guaranteed creators the right to build freely upon their past, and "
@@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:989
+#: freeculture.xml:993
 msgid ""
 "Yet the law's response to the Internet, when tied to changes in the "
 "technology of the Internet itself, has massively increased the effective "
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1001
+#: freeculture.xml:1005
 msgid ""
 "The story that follows is about this war. Is it not about the "
 "<quote>centrality of technology</quote> to ordinary life. I don't believe in "
@@ -1419,7 +1419,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1009
+#: freeculture.xml:1013
 msgid ""
 "It is instead an effort to understand a hopelessly destructive war inspired "
 "by the technologies of the Internet but reaching far beyond its code. And by "
@@ -1431,12 +1431,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1019 freeculture.xml:12998 freeculture.xml:13081 freeculture.xml:13249
+#: freeculture.xml:1023 freeculture.xml:13058 freeculture.xml:13141 freeculture.xml:13309
 msgid "intellectual property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1021
+#: freeculture.xml:1025
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Like the Causbys'</emphasis> battle, this war is, "
 "in part, about <quote>property.</quote> The property of this war is not as "
@@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. PAGE BREAK 27
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1039
+#: freeculture.xml:1043
 msgid ""
 "And thus, when geeks and technologists defend their Armstrong or Wright "
 "brothers technology, most of us are simply unsympathetic.  Common sense does "
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1050
+#: freeculture.xml:1054
 msgid ""
 "My hope is to push this common sense along. I have become increasingly "
 "amazed by the power of this idea of intellectual property and, more "
@@ -1478,7 +1478,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1060
+#: freeculture.xml:1064
 msgid ""
 "The puzzle is, Why? Is it because we have come to understand a truth about "
 "the value and importance of absolute property over ideas and culture? Is it "
@@ -1487,14 +1487,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1066
+#: freeculture.xml:1070
 msgid ""
 "Or is it because the idea of absolute property over ideas and culture "
 "benefits the RCAs of our time and fits our own unreflective intuitions?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1070
+#: freeculture.xml:1074
 msgid ""
 "Is the radical shift away from our tradition of free culture an instance of "
 "America correcting a mistake from its past, as we did after a bloody war "
@@ -1504,7 +1504,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1077
+#: freeculture.xml:1081
 msgid ""
 "Does common sense lead to the extremes on this question because common sense "
 "actually believes in these extremes? Or does common sense stand silent in "
@@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 28 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1086
+#: freeculture.xml:1090
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to be mysterious. My own views are resolved. I believe it was "
 "right for common sense to revolt against the extremism of the Causbys. I "
@@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1097
+#: freeculture.xml:1101
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">The struggle</emphasis> that rages just now "
 "centers on two ideas: <quote>piracy</quote> and <quote>property.</quote> My "
@@ -1534,7 +1534,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1102
+#: freeculture.xml:1106
 msgid ""
 "My method is not the usual method of an academic. I don't want to plunge you "
 "into a complex argument, buttressed with references to obscure French "
@@ -1545,7 +1545,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1110
+#: freeculture.xml:1114
 msgid ""
 "The two sections set up the core claim of this book: that while the Internet "
 "has indeed produced something fantastic and new, our government, pushed by "
@@ -1559,7 +1559,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1121
+#: freeculture.xml:1125
 msgid ""
 "We allow this, I believe, not because it is right, and not because most of "
 "us really believe in these changes. We allow it because the interests most "
@@ -1570,32 +1570,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:1131
+#: freeculture.xml:1135
 msgid "<quote>PIRACY</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1134
+#: freeculture.xml:1138
 msgid "English"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1135 freeculture.xml:5079
+#: freeculture.xml:1139 freeculture.xml:5083
 msgid "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1136
+#: freeculture.xml:1140
 msgid "music publishing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1137 freeculture.xml:3247
+#: freeculture.xml:1141 freeculture.xml:3251
 msgid "sheet music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1139
+#: freeculture.xml:1143
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Since the inception</emphasis> of the law "
 "regulating creative property, there has been a war against "
@@ -1607,14 +1607,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1151
+#: freeculture.xml:1155
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 "
 "Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1147
+#: freeculture.xml:1151
 msgid ""
 "A person may use the copy by playing it, but he has no right to rob the "
 "author of the profit, by multiplying copies and disposing of them for his "
@@ -1622,23 +1622,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1156
+#: freeculture.xml:1160
 msgid "efficient content distribution on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1157
+#: freeculture.xml:1161
 msgid "peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1157
+#: freeculture.xml:1161
 msgid "efficiency of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 31 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1159
+#: freeculture.xml:1163
 msgid ""
 "Today we are in the middle of another <quote>war</quote> against "
 "<quote>piracy.</quote> The Internet has provoked this war. The Internet "
@@ -1649,7 +1649,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1168
+#: freeculture.xml:1172
 msgid ""
 "This efficiency does not respect the traditional lines of copyright.  The "
 "network doesn't discriminate between the sharing of copyrighted and "
@@ -1659,7 +1659,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1177
+#: freeculture.xml:1181
 msgid ""
 "The warriors have turned to the courts, to the legislatures, and "
 "increasingly to technology to defend their <quote>property</quote> against "
@@ -1670,7 +1670,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1185
+#: freeculture.xml:1189
 msgid ""
 "There's no doubt that <quote>piracy</quote> is wrong, and that pirates "
 "should be punished. But before we summon the executioners, we should put "
@@ -1680,12 +1680,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1191
+#: freeculture.xml:1195
 msgid "The idea goes something like this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1195
+#: freeculture.xml:1199
 msgid ""
 "Creative work has value; whenever I use, or take, or build upon the creative "
 "work of others, I am taking from them something of value. Whenever I take "
@@ -1695,38 +1695,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1203
+#: freeculture.xml:1207
 msgid "ASCAP"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1204
+#: freeculture.xml:1208
 msgid "Dreyfuss, Rochelle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1205
+#: freeculture.xml:1209
 msgid "Girl Scouts"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1206
+#: freeculture.xml:1210
 msgid "creative property"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1206
+#: freeculture.xml:1210
 msgid "<quote>if value, then right</quote> theory of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1207 freeculture.xml:3055
+#: freeculture.xml:1211 freeculture.xml:3059
 msgid "<quote>if value, then right</quote> theory"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1213
+#: freeculture.xml:1217
 msgid ""
 "See Rochelle Dreyfuss, <quote>Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language "
 "in the Pepsi Generation,</quote> <citetitle>Notre Dame Law "
@@ -1734,12 +1734,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1226 freeculture.xml:7241
+#: freeculture.xml:1230 freeculture.xml:7245
 msgid "Zittrain, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1221
+#: freeculture.xml:1225
 msgid ""
 "Lisa Bannon, <quote>The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay "
 "Up,</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21 August 1996, "
@@ -1751,7 +1751,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1209
+#: freeculture.xml:1213
 msgid ""
 "This view runs deep within the current debates. It is what NYU law professor "
 "Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the <quote>if value, then right</quote> "
@@ -1766,7 +1766,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 32 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1233
+#: freeculture.xml:1237
 msgid ""
 "This idea is certainly a possible understanding of how creative property "
 "should work. It might well be a possible design for a system of law "
@@ -1776,22 +1776,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1241 freeculture.xml:7468
+#: freeculture.xml:1245 freeculture.xml:7472
 msgid "on republishing vs. transformation of original work"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1242 freeculture.xml:1424 freeculture.xml:1581
+#: freeculture.xml:1246 freeculture.xml:1428 freeculture.xml:1585
 msgid "creativity"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1242
+#: freeculture.xml:1246
 msgid "legal restrictions on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1244
+#: freeculture.xml:1248
 msgid ""
 "Instead, in our tradition, intellectual property is an instrument. It sets "
 "the groundwork for a richly creative society but remains subservient to the "
@@ -1801,7 +1801,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1251
+#: freeculture.xml:1255
 msgid ""
 "The source of this confusion is a distinction that the law no longer takes "
 "care to draw&mdash;the distinction between republishing someone's work on "
@@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1259
+#: freeculture.xml:1263
 msgid ""
 "Before the technologies of the Internet, this conflation didn't matter all "
 "that much. The technologies of publishing were expensive; that meant the "
@@ -1821,22 +1821,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1266
+#: freeculture.xml:1270
 msgid "creativity impeded by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1267 freeculture.xml:1298
+#: freeculture.xml:1271 freeculture.xml:1302
 msgid "Florida, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1268 freeculture.xml:1299
+#: freeculture.xml:1272 freeculture.xml:1303
 msgid "Rise of the Creative Class, The (Florida)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1290
+#: freeculture.xml:1294
 msgid ""
 "In <citetitle>The Rise of the Creative Class</citetitle> (New York: Basic "
 "Books, 2002), Richard Florida documents a shift in the nature of labor "
@@ -1849,7 +1849,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1270
+#: freeculture.xml:1274
 msgid ""
 "But with the birth of the Internet, this natural limit to the reach of the "
 "law has disappeared. The law controls not just the creativity of commercial "
@@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1306
+#: freeculture.xml:1310
 msgid ""
 "These burdens make no sense in our tradition. We should begin by "
 "understanding that tradition a bit more and by placing in their proper "
@@ -1879,42 +1879,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:1314
+#: freeculture.xml:1318
 msgid "CHAPTER ONE: Creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1315
+#: freeculture.xml:1319
 msgid "animated cartoons"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1316
+#: freeculture.xml:1320
 msgid "cartoon films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1317 freeculture.xml:5953 freeculture.xml:5997
+#: freeculture.xml:1321 freeculture.xml:5957 freeculture.xml:6001
 msgid "films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1317
+#: freeculture.xml:1321
 msgid "animated"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1318
+#: freeculture.xml:1322
 msgid "Steamboat Willie"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1319 freeculture.xml:7265
+#: freeculture.xml:1323 freeculture.xml:7269
 msgid "Mickey Mouse"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1321
+#: freeculture.xml:1325
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">In 1928</emphasis>, a cartoon character was "
 "born. An early Mickey Mouse made his debut in May of that year, in a silent "
@@ -1925,12 +1925,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1327 freeculture.xml:1544 freeculture.xml:1598 freeculture.xml:1739 freeculture.xml:1985 freeculture.xml:4553 freeculture.xml:6129 freeculture.xml:7264 freeculture.xml:10708 freeculture.xml:11090
+#: freeculture.xml:1331 freeculture.xml:1548 freeculture.xml:1602 freeculture.xml:1743 freeculture.xml:1989 freeculture.xml:4557 freeculture.xml:6133 freeculture.xml:7268 freeculture.xml:10768 freeculture.xml:11150
 msgid "Disney, Walt"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1329
+#: freeculture.xml:1333
 msgid ""
 "Synchronized sound had been introduced to film a year earlier in the movie "
 "<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle>. That success led Walt Disney to copy "
@@ -1942,7 +1942,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 35 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1338
+#: freeculture.xml:1342
 msgid ""
 "A couple of my boys could read music, and one of them could play a mouth "
 "organ. We put them in a room where they could not see the screen and "
@@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1345
+#: freeculture.xml:1349
 msgid ""
 "The boys worked from a music and sound-effects score. After several false "
 "starts, sound and action got off with the gun. The mouth organist played the "
@@ -1961,14 +1961,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1358
+#: freeculture.xml:1362
 msgid ""
 "Leonard Maltin, <citetitle>Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated "
 "Cartoons</citetitle> (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34&ndash;35."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1352
+#: freeculture.xml:1356
 msgid ""
 "The effect on our little audience was nothing less than electric.  They "
 "responded almost instinctively to this union of sound and motion. I thought "
@@ -1978,12 +1978,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1363
+#: freeculture.xml:1367
 msgid "Iwerks, Ub"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1365
+#: freeculture.xml:1369
 msgid ""
 "Disney's then partner, and one of animation's most extraordinary talents, Ub "
 "Iwerks, put it more strongly: <quote>I have never been so thrilled in my "
@@ -1991,7 +1991,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1370
+#: freeculture.xml:1374
 msgid ""
 "Disney had created something very new, based upon something relatively "
 "new. Synchronized sound brought life to a form of creativity that had "
@@ -2003,17 +2003,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1379 freeculture.xml:1741
+#: freeculture.xml:1383 freeculture.xml:1745
 msgid "Keaton, Buster"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1380 freeculture.xml:1611 freeculture.xml:1999
+#: freeculture.xml:1384 freeculture.xml:1615 freeculture.xml:2003
 msgid "Steamboat Bill, Jr."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1382
+#: freeculture.xml:1386
 msgid ""
 "This much is familiar. What you might not know is that 1928 also marks "
 "another important transition. In that year, a comic (as opposed to cartoon) "
@@ -2022,7 +2022,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1388
+#: freeculture.xml:1392
 msgid ""
 "Keaton was born into a vaudeville family in 1895. In the era of silent film, "
 "he had mastered using broad physical comedy as a way to spark uncontrollable "
@@ -2033,28 +2033,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1395 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:7341 freeculture.xml:7441
+#: freeculture.xml:1399 freeculture.xml:1556 freeculture.xml:7345 freeculture.xml:7445
 msgid "derivative works"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1395 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:7341
+#: freeculture.xml:1399 freeculture.xml:1556 freeculture.xml:7345
 msgid "piracy vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:3054 freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:7342 freeculture.xml:14915
+#: freeculture.xml:1400 freeculture.xml:1559 freeculture.xml:3058 freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:7346 freeculture.xml:14975
 msgid "piracy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:7342
+#: freeculture.xml:1400 freeculture.xml:1559 freeculture.xml:7346
 msgid "derivative work vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1404
+#: freeculture.xml:1408
 msgid ""
 "I am grateful to David Gerstein and his careful history, described at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>.  According to Dave "
@@ -2068,7 +2068,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1398
+#: freeculture.xml:1402
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. appeared before Disney's cartoon "
 "Steamboat Willie.  The coincidence of titles is not coincidental. Steamboat "
@@ -2082,18 +2082,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1424 freeculture.xml:1581
+#: freeculture.xml:1428 freeculture.xml:1585
 msgid "by transforming previous works"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1425 freeculture.xml:6170
+#: freeculture.xml:1429 freeculture.xml:6174
 msgid "Disney, Inc."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1431
+#: freeculture.xml:1435
 msgid ""
 "He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, <quote>The Mouse "
 "that Ate the Public Domain,</quote> Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink "
@@ -2101,7 +2101,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1427
+#: freeculture.xml:1431
 msgid ""
 "This <quote>borrowing</quote> was nothing unique, either for Disney or for "
 "the industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream "
@@ -2116,12 +2116,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1445 freeculture.xml:1740 freeculture.xml:10709
+#: freeculture.xml:1449 freeculture.xml:1744 freeculture.xml:10769
 msgid "Grimm fairy tales"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1447
+#: freeculture.xml:1451
 msgid ""
 "Sometimes this borrowing was slight. Sometimes it was significant.  Think "
 "about the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. If you're as oblivious as I "
@@ -2134,7 +2134,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 37 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1456
+#: freeculture.xml:1460
 msgid ""
 "Disney took these stories and retold them in a way that carried them into a "
 "new age. He animated the stories, with both characters and light. Without "
@@ -2161,7 +2161,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1479
+#: freeculture.xml:1483
 msgid ""
 "This is a kind of creativity. It is a creativity that we should remember and "
 "celebrate. There are some who would say that there is no creativity except "
@@ -2173,33 +2173,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1490 freeculture.xml:11088 freeculture.xml:11089
+#: freeculture.xml:1494 freeculture.xml:11148 freeculture.xml:11149
 msgid "copyright"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1490 freeculture.xml:11089
+#: freeculture.xml:1494 freeculture.xml:11149
 msgid "duration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1491 freeculture.xml:1492 freeculture.xml:7822 freeculture.xml:13086 freeculture.xml:13858 freeculture.xml:13859
+#: freeculture.xml:1495 freeculture.xml:1496 freeculture.xml:7826 freeculture.xml:13146 freeculture.xml:13918 freeculture.xml:13919
 msgid "public domain"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1491
+#: freeculture.xml:1495
 msgid "defined"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1492
+#: freeculture.xml:1496
 msgid "traditional term for conversion to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1499
+#: freeculture.xml:1503
 msgid ""
 "Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: an "
 "initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the "
@@ -2213,7 +2213,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1493
+#: freeculture.xml:1497
 msgid ""
 "In 1928, the culture that Disney was free to draw upon was relatively "
 "fresh. The public domain in 1928 was not very old and was therefore quite "
@@ -2227,7 +2227,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1516
+#: freeculture.xml:1520
 msgid ""
 "At the end of a copyright term, a work passes into the public domain.  No "
 "permission is then needed to draw upon or use that work. No permission and, "
@@ -2240,7 +2240,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 38 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1527
+#: freeculture.xml:1531
 msgid ""
 "This is the ways things always were&mdash;until quite recently. For most of "
 "our history, the public domain was just over the horizon. From until 1978, "
@@ -2253,7 +2253,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1546
+#: freeculture.xml:1550
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Of course</emphasis>, Walt Disney had no monopoly "
 "on <quote>Walt Disney creativity.</quote> Nor does America. The norm of free "
@@ -2262,22 +2262,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1551 freeculture.xml:1655 freeculture.xml:1769
+#: freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:1659 freeculture.xml:1773
 msgid "comics, Japanese"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1553 freeculture.xml:1771
+#: freeculture.xml:1557 freeculture.xml:1775
 msgid "Japanese comics"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1554 freeculture.xml:1772
+#: freeculture.xml:1558 freeculture.xml:1776
 msgid "manga"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1557
+#: freeculture.xml:1561
 msgid ""
 "Consider, for example, a form of creativity that seems strange to many "
 "Americans but that is inescapable within Japanese culture: "
@@ -2289,7 +2289,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1566
+#: freeculture.xml:1570
 msgid ""
 "Americans tend to look down upon this form of culture. That's an "
 "unattractive characteristic of ours. We're likely to misunderstand much "
@@ -2303,7 +2303,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1577
+#: freeculture.xml:1581
 msgid ""
 "But my purpose here is not to understand manga. It is to describe a variant "
 "on manga that from a lawyer's perspective is quite odd, but from a Disney "
@@ -2311,13 +2311,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1582 freeculture.xml:1770
+#: freeculture.xml:1586 freeculture.xml:1774
 msgid "doujinshi comics"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 39 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1584
+#: freeculture.xml:1588
 msgid ""
 "This is the phenomenon of <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi are "
 "also comics, but they are a kind of copycat comic. A rich ethic governs the "
@@ -2334,7 +2334,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1600
+#: freeculture.xml:1604
 msgid ""
 "These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are "
 "huge. More than 33,000 <quote>circles</quote> of creators from across Japan "
@@ -2348,12 +2348,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1610 freeculture.xml:1654 freeculture.xml:1768
+#: freeculture.xml:1614 freeculture.xml:1658 freeculture.xml:1772
 msgid "Japanese"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1613
+#: freeculture.xml:1617
 msgid ""
 "The most puzzling feature of the doujinshi market, for those trained in the "
 "law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
@@ -2370,20 +2370,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1627
+#: freeculture.xml:1631
 msgid "Winick, Judd"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1639
+#: freeculture.xml:1643
 msgid ""
 "For an excellent history, see Scott McCloud, <citetitle>Reinventing "
 "Comics</citetitle> (New York: Perennial, 2000)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1629
+#: freeculture.xml:1633
 msgid ""
 "Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
 "view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "
@@ -2396,12 +2396,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1644
+#: freeculture.xml:1648
 msgid "Superman comics"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1646
+#: freeculture.xml:1650
 msgid ""
 "American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because of "
 "the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are "
@@ -2412,13 +2412,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1656
+#: freeculture.xml:1660
 msgid "Mehra, Salil"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1666
+#: freeculture.xml:1670
 msgid ""
 "See Salil K. Mehra, <quote>Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain "
 "Why All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?</quote> "
@@ -2432,7 +2432,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1658
+#: freeculture.xml:1662
 msgid ""
 "The norm in Japan mitigates this legal difficulty. Some say it is precisely "
 "the benefit accruing to the Japanese manga market that explains the "
@@ -2444,7 +2444,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1680
+#: freeculture.xml:1684
 msgid ""
 "The problem with this story, however, as Mehra plainly acknowledges, is that "
 "the mechanism producing this laissez faire response is not clear. It may "
@@ -2457,7 +2457,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1693
+#: freeculture.xml:1697
 msgid ""
 "I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as often "
 "as I could. Perhaps the best account in the end was offered by a friend from "
@@ -2468,7 +2468,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 41 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1700
+#: freeculture.xml:1704
 msgid ""
 "This is a theme to which we will return: that regulation by law is a "
 "function of both the words on the books and the costs of making those words "
@@ -2481,12 +2481,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1713
+#: freeculture.xml:1717
 msgid "<emphasis role='strong'>Let's pause</emphasis> for a moment."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1716
+#: freeculture.xml:1720
 msgid ""
 "If you're like I was a decade ago, or like most people are when they first "
 "start thinking about these issues, then just about now you should be puzzled "
@@ -2494,12 +2494,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1726 freeculture.xml:3072 freeculture.xml:4777 freeculture.xml:5005 freeculture.xml:7641 freeculture.xml:8754
+#: freeculture.xml:1730 freeculture.xml:3076 freeculture.xml:4781 freeculture.xml:5009 freeculture.xml:7645 freeculture.xml:8758
 msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1726
+#: freeculture.xml:1730
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The term <citetitle>intellectual "
 "property</citetitle> is of relatively recent origin. See Siva Vaidhyanathan, "
@@ -2512,7 +2512,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1721
+#: freeculture.xml:1725
 msgid ""
 "We live in a world that celebrates <quote>property.</quote> I am one of "
 "those celebrants.  I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "
@@ -2524,7 +2524,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1743
+#: freeculture.xml:1747
 msgid ""
 "But it takes just a second's reflection to realize that there is plenty of "
 "value out there that <quote>property</quote> doesn't capture. I don't mean "
@@ -2541,13 +2541,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1757
+#: freeculture.xml:1761
 msgid "derivative works based on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 42 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1759
+#: freeculture.xml:1763
 msgid ""
 "Thus, even though the things that Disney took&mdash;or more generally, the "
 "things taken by anyone exercising Walt Disney creativity&mdash;are valuable, "
@@ -2556,7 +2556,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1774
+#: freeculture.xml:1778
 msgid ""
 "The same with the doujinshi culture. If a doujinshi artist broke into a "
 "publisher's office and ran off with a thousand copies of his latest "
@@ -2567,7 +2567,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1783
+#: freeculture.xml:1787
 msgid ""
 "Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say that "
 "the copycat comic artists are <quote>stealing.</quote> This form of Walt "
@@ -2576,12 +2576,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1794 freeculture.xml:4719 freeculture.xml:5165
+#: freeculture.xml:1798 freeculture.xml:4723 freeculture.xml:5169
 msgid "Shakespeare, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1796
+#: freeculture.xml:1800
 msgid ""
 "It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you begin "
 "to look. Scientists build upon the work of other scientists without asking "
@@ -2598,7 +2598,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 43 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1810
+#: freeculture.xml:1814
 msgid ""
 "Creators here and everywhere are always and at all times building upon the "
 "creativity that went before and that surrounds them now.  That building is "
@@ -2611,7 +2611,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1822
+#: freeculture.xml:1826
 msgid ""
 "The hard question is therefore not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> a culture is "
 "free. All cultures are free to some degree. The hard question instead is "
@@ -2625,7 +2625,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1834
+#: freeculture.xml:1838
 msgid ""
 "Free cultures are cultures that leave a great deal open for others to build "
 "upon; unfree, or permission, cultures leave much less. Ours was a free "
@@ -2633,27 +2633,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:1843
+#: freeculture.xml:1847
 msgid "CHAPTER TWO: <quote>Mere Copyists</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1844
+#: freeculture.xml:1848
 msgid "Daguerre, Louis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1845 freeculture.xml:2000 freeculture.xml:2055 freeculture.xml:6660
+#: freeculture.xml:1849 freeculture.xml:2004 freeculture.xml:2059 freeculture.xml:6664
 msgid "camera technology"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1846
+#: freeculture.xml:1850
 msgid "photography"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1848
+#: freeculture.xml:1852
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1839</emphasis>, Louis Daguerre invented the "
 "first practical technology for producing what we would call "
@@ -2666,12 +2666,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1857
+#: freeculture.xml:1861
 msgid "Talbot, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1859
+#: freeculture.xml:1863
 msgid ""
 "Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong.  This "
 "pushed inventors to find simpler and cheaper ways to make <quote>automatic "
@@ -2684,13 +2684,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1869
+#: freeculture.xml:1873
 msgid "Eastman, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 45 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1871
+#: freeculture.xml:1875
 msgid ""
 "The technological change that made mass photography possible didn't happen "
 "until 1888, and was the creation of a single man. George Eastman, himself an "
@@ -2703,25 +2703,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1882 freeculture.xml:2037
+#: freeculture.xml:1886 freeculture.xml:2041
 msgid "Kodak cameras"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1883
+#: freeculture.xml:1887
 msgid "Kodak Primer, The (Eastman)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1890
+#: freeculture.xml:1894
 msgid ""
 "Reese V. Jenkins, <citetitle>Images and Enterprise</citetitle> (Baltimore: "
 "Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 112."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1885
+#: freeculture.xml:1889
 msgid ""
 "Eastman developed flexible, emulsion-coated paper film and placed rolls of "
 "it in small, simple cameras: the Kodak. The device was marketed on the basis "
@@ -2731,19 +2731,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1906 freeculture.xml:1932
+#: freeculture.xml:1910 freeculture.xml:1936
 msgid "Coe, Brian"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1906
+#: freeculture.xml:1910
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Brian Coe, <citetitle>The Birth "
 "of Photography</citetitle> (New York: Taplinger Publishing, 1977), 53."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1895
+#: freeculture.xml:1899
 msgid ""
 "The principle of the Kodak system is the separation of the work that any "
 "person whomsoever can do in making a photograph, from the work that only an "
@@ -2757,18 +2757,18 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1925
+#: freeculture.xml:1929
 msgid "Jenkins, 177."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1929
+#: freeculture.xml:1933
 msgid "Based on a chart in Jenkins, p. 178."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1914
+#: freeculture.xml:1918
 msgid ""
 "For $25, anyone could make pictures. The camera came preloaded with film, "
 "and when it had been used, the camera was returned to an Eastman factory, "
@@ -2785,12 +2785,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1947
+#: freeculture.xml:1951
 msgid "Coe, 58."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1936
+#: freeculture.xml:1940
 msgid ""
 "The real significance of Eastman's invention, however, was not economic. It "
 "was social. Professional photography gave individuals a glimpse of places "
@@ -2805,27 +2805,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1950 freeculture.xml:2056 freeculture.xml:2422 freeculture.xml:2440
+#: freeculture.xml:1954 freeculture.xml:2060 freeculture.xml:2426 freeculture.xml:2444
 msgid "democracy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1950 freeculture.xml:2056 freeculture.xml:2422
+#: freeculture.xml:1954 freeculture.xml:2060 freeculture.xml:2426
 msgid "in technologies of expression"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1951 freeculture.xml:2057 freeculture.xml:2424
+#: freeculture.xml:1955 freeculture.xml:2061 freeculture.xml:2428
 msgid "expression, technologies of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1951 freeculture.xml:2057 freeculture.xml:2424
+#: freeculture.xml:1955 freeculture.xml:2061 freeculture.xml:2428
 msgid "democratic"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1953
+#: freeculture.xml:1957
 msgid ""
 "In this way, the Kodak camera and film were technologies of expression.  The "
 "pencil or paintbrush was also a technology of expression, of course. But it "
@@ -2840,18 +2840,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1966
+#: freeculture.xml:1970
 msgid "permissions"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1966
+#: freeculture.xml:1970
 msgid "photography exempted from"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1977
+#: freeculture.xml:1981
 msgid ""
 "For illustrative cases, see, for example, <citetitle>Pavesich</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>N.E. Life Ins. Co</citetitle>., 50 S.E. 68 (Ga. 1905); "
@@ -2861,7 +2861,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1968
+#: freeculture.xml:1972
 msgid ""
 "What was required for this technology to flourish? Obviously, Eastman's "
 "genius was an important part. But also important was the legal environment "
@@ -2874,13 +2874,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1986 freeculture.xml:9448
+#: freeculture.xml:1990 freeculture.xml:9452
 msgid "images, ownership of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 47 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1988
+#: freeculture.xml:1992
 msgid ""
 "The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "
 "familiar. The photographer was <quote>taking</quote> something from the "
@@ -2892,12 +2892,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2012
+#: freeculture.xml:2016
 msgid "Warren, Samuel D."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2009
+#: freeculture.xml:2013
 msgid ""
 "Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, <quote>The Right to Privacy,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193.  <placeholder "
@@ -2905,7 +2905,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2002
+#: freeculture.xml:2006
 msgid ""
 "On the other side was an argument that should be familiar, as well.  Sure, "
 "there may be something of value being used. But citizens should have the "
@@ -2920,7 +2920,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2030
+#: freeculture.xml:2034
 msgid ""
 "See Melville B. Nimmer, <quote>The Right of Publicity,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William "
@@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2020
+#: freeculture.xml:2024
 msgid ""
 "Fortunately for Mr. Eastman, and for photography in general, these early "
 "decisions went in favor of the pirates. In general, no permission would be "
@@ -2944,13 +2944,13 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2038
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2042 freeculture.xml:9691
 msgid "Napster"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2040
+#: freeculture.xml:2044
 msgid ""
 "We can only speculate about how photography would have developed had the law "
 "gone the other way. If the presumption had been against the photographer, "
@@ -2968,7 +2968,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 48 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2061
+#: freeculture.xml:2065
 msgid ""
 "But though we could imagine this system of permission, it would be very hard "
 "to see how photography could have flourished as it did if the requirement "
@@ -2983,7 +2983,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2078
+#: freeculture.xml:2082
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>If you drive</emphasis> through San Francisco's "
 "Presidio, you might see two gaudy yellow school buses painted over with "
@@ -3002,7 +3002,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2100
+#: freeculture.xml:2104
 msgid ""
 "H. Edward Goldberg, <quote>Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and "
 "Software You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,</quote> "
@@ -3011,7 +3011,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2094
+#: freeculture.xml:2098
 msgid ""
 "These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly "
 "so. The cost of a high-quality digital video system has fallen "
@@ -3026,13 +3026,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2110
+#: freeculture.xml:2114
 msgid "Yanofsky, Dave"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 49 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2113
+#: freeculture.xml:2117
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Media literacy,</quote> as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of "
 "Just Think!, puts it, <quote>is the ability &hellip; to understand, analyze, "
@@ -3042,7 +3042,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2120
+#: freeculture.xml:2124
 msgid ""
 "This may seem like an odd way to think about <quote>literacy.</quote> For "
 "most people, literacy is about reading and writing. Faulkner and Hemingway "
@@ -3051,28 +3051,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2125 freeculture.xml:2671 freeculture.xml:6659 freeculture.xml:7510 freeculture.xml:8588 freeculture.xml:8659
+#: freeculture.xml:2129 freeculture.xml:2675 freeculture.xml:6663 freeculture.xml:7514 freeculture.xml:8592 freeculture.xml:8663
 msgid "advertising"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2126
+#: freeculture.xml:2130
 msgid "commercials"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2127 freeculture.xml:14913
+#: freeculture.xml:2131 freeculture.xml:14973
 msgid "television"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2127
+#: freeculture.xml:2131
 msgid "advertising on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2133
+#: freeculture.xml:2137
 msgid ""
 "Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
 "(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); <quote>Findings on "
@@ -3081,7 +3081,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2129
+#: freeculture.xml:2133
 msgid ""
 "Maybe. But in a world where children see on average 390 hours of television "
 "commercials per year, or between 20,000 and 45,000 commercials "
@@ -3094,7 +3094,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2144
+#: freeculture.xml:2148
 msgid ""
 "A growing field of academics and activists sees this form of literacy as "
 "crucial to the next generation of culture. For though anyone who has written "
@@ -3107,7 +3107,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2155
+#: freeculture.xml:2159
 msgid ""
 "It took filmmaking a generation before it could do these things well.  But "
 "even then, the knowledge was in the filming, not in writing about the "
@@ -3118,22 +3118,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2162
+#: freeculture.xml:2166
 msgid "Crichton, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2163 freeculture.xml:2178
+#: freeculture.xml:2167 freeculture.xml:2182
 msgid "Daley, Elizabeth"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2177 freeculture.xml:2237 freeculture.xml:2244 freeculture.xml:2734
+#: freeculture.xml:2181 freeculture.xml:2241 freeculture.xml:2248 freeculture.xml:2738
 msgid "Barish, Stephanie"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2175
+#: freeculture.xml:2179
 msgid ""
 "Interview with Elizabeth Daley and Stephanie Barish, 13 December 2002.  "
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -3142,7 +3142,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2189
+#: freeculture.xml:2193
 msgid ""
 "See Scott Steinberg, <quote>Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,</quote> E!online, "
 "4 November 2000, available at <ulink "
@@ -3152,7 +3152,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2165
+#: freeculture.xml:2169
 msgid ""
 "This grammar has changed as media has changed. When it was just film, as "
 "Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
@@ -3171,12 +3171,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2196
+#: freeculture.xml:2200
 msgid "computer games"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2198
+#: freeculture.xml:2202
 msgid ""
 "This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "
 "<quote>people are very surprised about how they are led through a film. [I]t "
@@ -3186,7 +3186,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2205
+#: freeculture.xml:2209
 msgid ""
 "Yet the push for an expanded literacy&mdash;one that goes beyond text to "
 "include audio and visual elements&mdash;is not about making better film "
@@ -3195,7 +3195,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2212
+#: freeculture.xml:2216
 msgid ""
 "From my perspective, probably the most important digital divide is not "
 "access to a box. It's the ability to be empowered with the language that "
@@ -3204,7 +3204,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2220
+#: freeculture.xml:2224
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Read-only.</quote> Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere.  "
 "Couch potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth "
@@ -3212,18 +3212,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2236
+#: freeculture.xml:2240
 msgid "Interview with Daley and Barish.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f31 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2241 freeculture.xml:4101 freeculture.xml:5197 freeculture.xml:8477
+#: freeculture.xml:2245 freeculture.xml:4105 freeculture.xml:5201 freeculture.xml:8481
 msgid "Ibid."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2225
+#: freeculture.xml:2229
 msgid ""
 "The twenty-first century could be different. This is the crucial point: It "
 "could be both read and write. Or at least reading and better understanding "
@@ -3237,7 +3237,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2246
+#: freeculture.xml:2250
 msgid ""
 "As with any language, this language comes more easily to some than to "
 "others. It doesn't necessarily come more easily to those who excel in "
@@ -3251,7 +3251,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2259
+#: freeculture.xml:2263
 msgid ""
 "The class was held on Friday afternoons, and it created a relatively new "
 "problem for the school. While the challenge in most classes was getting the "
@@ -3262,7 +3262,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2267
+#: freeculture.xml:2271
 msgid ""
 "Using whatever <quote>free web stuff they could find,</quote> and relatively "
 "simple tools to enable the kids to mix <quote>image, sound, and "
@@ -3283,7 +3283,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 52 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2287
+#: freeculture.xml:2291
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But isn't education about teaching kids to write?</quote> I asked. In "
 "part, of course, it is. But why are we teaching kids to write? Education, "
@@ -3295,7 +3295,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2298
+#: freeculture.xml:2302
 msgid ""
 "What you want is to give these students ways of constructing meaning. If all "
 "you give them is text, they're not going to do it.  Because they can't. You "
@@ -3316,7 +3316,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2317
+#: freeculture.xml:2321
 msgid ""
 "That empowers enormously. And then what happens, of course, is eventually, "
 "as it has happened in all these classes, they bump up against the fact, "
@@ -3327,7 +3327,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 53 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2324
+#: freeculture.xml:2328
 msgid ""
 "Because they needed to. There was a reason for doing it. They needed to say "
 "something, as opposed to just jumping through your hoops. They actually "
@@ -3336,22 +3336,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2334 freeculture.xml:2393 freeculture.xml:5982
+#: freeculture.xml:2338 freeculture.xml:2397 freeculture.xml:5986
 msgid "September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2335
+#: freeculture.xml:2339
 msgid "World Trade Center"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2336 freeculture.xml:5902
+#: freeculture.xml:2340 freeculture.xml:5906
 msgid "news coverage"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2338
+#: freeculture.xml:2342
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>When two planes</emphasis> crashed into the World "
 "Trade Center, another into the Pentagon, and a fourth into a Pennsylvania "
@@ -3365,7 +3365,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2350
+#: freeculture.xml:2354
 msgid ""
 "These retellings had an increasingly familiar feel. There was music scored "
 "for the intermissions, and fancy graphics that flashed across the "
@@ -3376,17 +3376,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2357 freeculture.xml:8416 freeculture.xml:8653
+#: freeculture.xml:2361 freeculture.xml:8420 freeculture.xml:8657
 msgid "ABC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2358
+#: freeculture.xml:2362
 msgid "CBS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2360
+#: freeculture.xml:2364
 msgid ""
 "But in addition to this produced news about the <quote>tragedy of September "
 "11,</quote> those of us tied to the Internet came to see a very different "
@@ -3403,7 +3403,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 54 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2375
+#: freeculture.xml:2379
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean simply to praise the Internet&mdash;though I do think the "
 "people who supported this form of speech should be praised. I mean instead "
@@ -3414,7 +3414,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2385
+#: freeculture.xml:2389
 msgid ""
 "But unlike any technology for simply capturing images, the Internet allows "
 "these creations to be shared with an extraordinary number of people, "
@@ -3426,22 +3426,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2394 freeculture.xml:2489 freeculture.xml:2628
+#: freeculture.xml:2398 freeculture.xml:2493 freeculture.xml:2632
 msgid "blogs (Web-logs)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2395 freeculture.xml:2491
+#: freeculture.xml:2399 freeculture.xml:2495
 msgid "blogs on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2396 freeculture.xml:2492
+#: freeculture.xml:2400 freeculture.xml:2496
 msgid "Web-logs (blogs)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2398
+#: freeculture.xml:2402
 msgid ""
 "September 11 was not an aberration. It was a beginning. Around the same "
 "time, a form of communication that has grown dramatically was just beginning "
@@ -3453,17 +3453,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2406 freeculture.xml:2475
+#: freeculture.xml:2410 freeculture.xml:2479
 msgid "political discourse"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2407
+#: freeculture.xml:2411
 msgid "public discourse conducted on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2409
+#: freeculture.xml:2413
 msgid ""
 "But in the United States, blogs have taken on a very different character.  "
 "There are some who use the space simply to talk about their private "
@@ -3479,13 +3479,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2423
+#: freeculture.xml:2427
 msgid "elections"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 55 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2426
+#: freeculture.xml:2430
 msgid ""
 "That's a strong statement. Yet it says as much about our democracy as it "
 "does about blogs. This is the part of America that is most difficult for "
@@ -3497,23 +3497,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2439
+#: freeculture.xml:2443
 msgid "Tocqueville, Alexis de"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2440
+#: freeculture.xml:2444
 msgid "public discourse in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2441
+#: freeculture.xml:2445
 msgid "jury system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2458
+#: freeculture.xml:2462
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, <citetitle>Democracy in "
 "America</citetitle>, bk. 1, trans.  Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, "
@@ -3521,7 +3521,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2443
+#: freeculture.xml:2447
 msgid ""
 "But democracy has never just been about elections. Democracy means rule by "
 "the people, but rule means something more than mere elections. In our "
@@ -3541,14 +3541,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2468
+#: freeculture.xml:2472
 msgid ""
 "Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, <quote>Deliberation Day,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Journal of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2464
+#: freeculture.xml:2468
 msgid ""
 "Yet even this institution flags in American life today. And in its place, "
 "there is no systematic effort to enable citizen deliberation. Some are "
@@ -3560,14 +3560,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2484
+#: freeculture.xml:2488
 msgid ""
 "Cass Sunstein, <citetitle>Republic.com</citetitle> (Princeton: Princeton "
 "University Press, 2001), 65&ndash;80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2477
+#: freeculture.xml:2481
 msgid ""
 "More bizarrely, there is generally not even permission for it to occur.  We, "
 "the most powerful democracy in the world, have developed a strong norm "
@@ -3579,13 +3579,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2490
+#: freeculture.xml:2494
 msgid "e-mail"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 56 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2497
+#: freeculture.xml:2501
 msgid ""
 "Enter the blog. The blog's very architecture solves one part of this "
 "problem. People post when they want to post, and people read when they want "
@@ -3596,7 +3596,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2508
+#: freeculture.xml:2512
 msgid ""
 "But beyond architecture, blogs also have solved the problem of "
 "norms. There's no norm (yet) in blog space not to talk about politics.  "
@@ -3607,12 +3607,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2515
+#: freeculture.xml:2519
 msgid "Dean, Howard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2517
+#: freeculture.xml:2521
 msgid ""
 "The significance of these blogs is tiny now, though not so tiny. The name "
 "Howard Dean may well have faded from the 2004 presidential race but for "
@@ -3621,35 +3621,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2522
+#: freeculture.xml:2526
 msgid "Lott, Trent"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2523
+#: freeculture.xml:2527
 msgid "Thurmond, Strom"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2524
+#: freeculture.xml:2528
 msgid "blog pressure on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2525
+#: freeculture.xml:2529
 msgid "news events on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2538
+#: freeculture.xml:2542
 msgid ""
 "Noah Shachtman, <quote>With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the "
 "Pot,</quote> New York Times, 16 January 2003, G5."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2527
+#: freeculture.xml:2531
 msgid ""
 "One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the "
 "mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott "
@@ -3664,12 +3664,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2542 freeculture.xml:2576
+#: freeculture.xml:2546 freeculture.xml:2580
 msgid "commercial imperatives of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2544
+#: freeculture.xml:2548
 msgid ""
 "This different cycle is possible because the same commercial pressures don't "
 "exist with blogs as with other ventures. Television and newspapers are "
@@ -3678,12 +3678,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2551
+#: freeculture.xml:2555
 msgid "peer-generated rankings on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2553
+#: freeculture.xml:2557
 msgid ""
 "But bloggers don't have a similar constraint. They can obsess, they can "
 "focus, they can get serious. If a particular blogger writes a particularly "
@@ -3694,18 +3694,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2562
+#: freeculture.xml:2566
 msgid "journalism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2563
+#: freeculture.xml:2567
 msgid "Winer, Dave"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 57 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2565
+#: freeculture.xml:2569
 msgid ""
 "There's a second way, as well, in which blogs have a different cycle from "
 "the mainstream press. As Dave Winer, one of the fathers of this movement and "
@@ -3718,23 +3718,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2575 freeculture.xml:2625
+#: freeculture.xml:2579 freeculture.xml:2629
 msgid "CNN"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2577 freeculture.xml:2626 freeculture.xml:5846
+#: freeculture.xml:2581 freeculture.xml:2630 freeculture.xml:5850
 msgid "Iraq war"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2586
+#: freeculture.xml:2590
 msgid "Telephone interview with David Winer, 16 April 2003."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2580
+#: freeculture.xml:2584
 msgid ""
 "These conflicts become more important as media becomes more concentrated "
 "(more on this below). A concentrated media can hide more from the public "
@@ -3752,7 +3752,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2606
+#: freeculture.xml:2610
 msgid ""
 "John Schwartz, <quote>Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of "
 "Information Online,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 "
@@ -3762,7 +3762,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2598
+#: freeculture.xml:2602
 msgid ""
 "Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the "
 "debate&mdash;<quote>amateur</quote> not in the sense of inexperienced, but "
@@ -3778,12 +3778,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2627
+#: freeculture.xml:2631
 msgid "Olafson, Steve"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2625
+#: freeculture.xml:2629
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
@@ -3800,7 +3800,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 58 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2618
+#: freeculture.xml:2622
 msgid ""
 "Winer is optimistic about the future of journalism infected with "
 "blogs. <quote>It's going to become an essential skill,</quote> Winer "
@@ -3817,7 +3817,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2649
+#: freeculture.xml:2653
 msgid ""
 "This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because <quote>you "
 "don't have to work for somebody who controls, [for] a gatekeeper.</quote> "
@@ -3834,12 +3834,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2670
+#: freeculture.xml:2674
 msgid "Brown, John Seely"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2673
+#: freeculture.xml:2677
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>John Seely Brown</emphasis> is the chief scientist "
 "of the Xerox Corporation.  His work, as his Web site describes it, is "
@@ -3848,7 +3848,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2679
+#: freeculture.xml:2683
 msgid ""
 "Brown thus looks at these technologies of digital creativity a bit "
 "differently from the perspectives I've sketched so far. I'm sure he would be "
@@ -3858,7 +3858,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 59 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2686
+#: freeculture.xml:2690
 msgid ""
 "As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When <quote>a lot of us grew "
 "up,</quote> he explains, that tinkering was done <quote>on motorcycle "
@@ -3873,7 +3873,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2699
+#: freeculture.xml:2703
 msgid ""
 "The best large-scale example of this kind of tinkering so far is free "
 "software or open-source software (FS/OSS). FS/OSS is software whose source "
@@ -3883,7 +3883,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2706
+#: freeculture.xml:2710
 msgid ""
 "This opportunity creates a <quote>completely new kind of learning "
 "platform,</quote> as Brown describes. <quote>As soon as you start doing "
@@ -3895,7 +3895,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2714
+#: freeculture.xml:2718
 msgid ""
 "In this process, <quote>the concrete things you tinker with are abstract.  "
 "They are code.</quote> Kids are <quote>shifting to the ability to tinker in "
@@ -3907,7 +3907,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2723
+#: freeculture.xml:2727
 msgid ""
 "This same thing happens with content, too. And it happens in the same "
 "collaborative way when that content is part of the Web. As Brown puts it, "
@@ -3922,7 +3922,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 60 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2736
+#: freeculture.xml:2740
 msgid ""
 "Brown is talking about what Elizabeth Daley, Stephanie Barish, and Just "
 "Think! teach: that this tinkering with culture teaches as well as "
@@ -3931,7 +3931,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2744
+#: freeculture.xml:2748
 msgid ""
 "Yet the freedom to tinker with these objects is not guaranteed.  Indeed, as "
 "we'll see through the course of this book, that freedom is increasingly "
@@ -3944,7 +3944,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2760
+#: freeculture.xml:2764
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, Edward Felten and Andrew Appel, <quote>Technological "
 "Access Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,</quote> "
@@ -3953,7 +3953,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2753
+#: freeculture.xml:2757
 msgid ""
 "These restrictions have become the focus of researchers and scholars.  "
 "Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter <xref "
@@ -3966,7 +3966,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2768
+#: freeculture.xml:2772
 msgid ""
 "<quote>This is where education in the twenty-first century is going,</quote> "
 "Brown explains. We need to <quote>understand how kids who grow up digital "
@@ -3974,7 +3974,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2773
+#: freeculture.xml:2777
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Yet,</quote> as Brown continued, and as the balance of this book will "
 "evince, <quote>we are building a legal system that completely suppresses the "
@@ -3984,7 +3984,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2781
+#: freeculture.xml:2785
 msgid ""
 "We're building a technology that takes the magic of Kodak, mixes moving "
 "images and sound, and adds a space for commentary and an opportunity to "
@@ -3993,7 +3993,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2787
+#: freeculture.xml:2791
 msgid ""
 "<quote>No way to run a culture,</quote> as Brewster Kahle, whom we'll meet "
 "in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>, "
@@ -4001,47 +4001,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:2794
+#: freeculture.xml:2798
 msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2795 freeculture.xml:2839 freeculture.xml:9364
+#: freeculture.xml:2799 freeculture.xml:2843 freeculture.xml:9368
 msgid "Jordan, Jesse"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2796
+#: freeculture.xml:2800
 msgid "RPI"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2796 freeculture.xml:2797 freeculture.xml:2798
+#: freeculture.xml:2800 freeculture.xml:2801 freeculture.xml:2802
 msgid "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2798
+#: freeculture.xml:2802
 msgid "computer network search engine of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2799
+#: freeculture.xml:2803
 msgid "search engines"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2800
+#: freeculture.xml:2804
 msgid "university computer networks, p2p sharing on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2801
+#: freeculture.xml:2805
 msgid "search engines used on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2803
+#: freeculture.xml:2807
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In the fall</emphasis> of 2002, Jesse Jordan of "
 "Oceanside, New York, enrolled as a freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic "
@@ -4052,7 +4052,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2811
+#: freeculture.xml:2815
 msgid ""
 "RPI is one of America's foremost technological research institutions.  It "
 "offers degrees in fields ranging from architecture and engineering to "
@@ -4063,7 +4063,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2819
+#: freeculture.xml:2823
 msgid ""
 "RPI's computer network links students, faculty, and administration to one "
 "another. It also links RPI to the Internet. Not everything available on the "
@@ -4073,13 +4073,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2825 freeculture.xml:2881
+#: freeculture.xml:2829 freeculture.xml:2885
 msgid "Google"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 62 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2827
+#: freeculture.xml:2831
 msgid ""
 "Search engines are a measure of a network's intimacy. Google brought the "
 "Internet much closer to all of us by fantastically improving the quality of "
@@ -4093,17 +4093,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2840 freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:3743 freeculture.xml:3744 freeculture.xml:5438 freeculture.xml:7952 freeculture.xml:13183 freeculture.xml:13252
+#: freeculture.xml:2844 freeculture.xml:3745 freeculture.xml:3747 freeculture.xml:3748 freeculture.xml:5442 freeculture.xml:7956 freeculture.xml:13243 freeculture.xml:13312
 msgid "Microsoft"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2840
+#: freeculture.xml:2844
 msgid "network file system of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2842
+#: freeculture.xml:2846
 msgid ""
 "These engines are enabled by the network technology itself.  Microsoft, for "
 "example, has a network file system that makes it very easy for search "
@@ -4114,7 +4114,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2852
+#: freeculture.xml:2856
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's wasn't the first search engine built for the RPI network.  Indeed, "
 "his engine was a simple modification of engines that others had built. His "
@@ -4128,7 +4128,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2865
+#: freeculture.xml:2869
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's engine went on-line in late October. Over the following six months, "
 "he continued to tweak it to improve its functionality. By March, the system "
@@ -4139,7 +4139,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 63 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2873
+#: freeculture.xml:2877
 msgid ""
 "Thus the index his search engine produced included pictures, which students "
 "could use to put on their own Web sites; copies of notes or research; copies "
@@ -4149,17 +4149,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2882
+#: freeculture.xml:2886
 msgid "education"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2882
+#: freeculture.xml:2886
 msgid "tinkering as means of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2884
+#: freeculture.xml:2888
 msgid ""
 "But the index also included music files. In fact, one quarter of the files "
 "that Jesse's search engine listed were music files. But that means, of "
@@ -4176,37 +4176,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2898 freeculture.xml:9362
+#: freeculture.xml:2902 freeculture.xml:9366 freeculture.xml:9640
 msgid "in recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2899
+#: freeculture.xml:2903
 msgid "against student file sharing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2900 freeculture.xml:2998 freeculture.xml:4309 freeculture.xml:4310 freeculture.xml:4311
+#: freeculture.xml:2904 freeculture.xml:3002 freeculture.xml:4313 freeculture.xml:4314 freeculture.xml:4315 freeculture.xml:9641 freeculture.xml:10051 freeculture.xml:10052 freeculture.xml:10053 freeculture.xml:10209
 msgid "recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2900
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2904 freeculture.xml:9641
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits of"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2901 freeculture.xml:2930 freeculture.xml:2999
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2905 freeculture.xml:2934 freeculture.xml:3003 freeculture.xml:9642 freeculture.xml:10054 freeculture.xml:10055 freeculture.xml:10207
 msgid "Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2901
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2905 freeculture.xml:9642
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits filed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2904
+#: freeculture.xml:2908
 msgid ""
 "On April 3, 2003, Jesse was contacted by the dean of students at RPI. The "
 "dean informed Jesse that the Recording Industry Association of America, the "
@@ -4217,7 +4217,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2913
+#: freeculture.xml:2917
 msgid ""
 "<quote>It was absurd,</quote> he told me. <quote>I don't think I did "
 "anything wrong. &hellip; I don't think there's anything wrong with the "
@@ -4232,33 +4232,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2926 freeculture.xml:9361
+#: freeculture.xml:2930 freeculture.xml:9365 freeculture.xml:9639
 msgid "exaggerated claims of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2927
+#: freeculture.xml:2931
 msgid "statutory damages of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2928
+#: freeculture.xml:2932
 msgid "individual defendants intimidated by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2929
+#: freeculture.xml:2933
 msgid "statutory damages"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2930
+#: freeculture.xml:2934
 msgid "intimidation tactics of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 64 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2932
+#: freeculture.xml:2936
 msgid ""
 "But the RIAA branded Jesse a pirate. They claimed he operated a network and "
 "had therefore <quote>willfully</quote> violated copyright laws. They "
@@ -4271,18 +4271,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2942
+#: freeculture.xml:2946
 msgid "Michigan Technical University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2943
+#: freeculture.xml:2947
 msgid "Princeton University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2957
+#: freeculture.xml:2961
 msgid ""
 "Tim Goral, <quote>Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
 "Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,</quote> <citetitle>Professional Media "
@@ -4290,7 +4290,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2945
+#: freeculture.xml:2949
 msgid ""
 "Similar lawsuits were brought against three other students: one other "
 "student at RPI, one at Michigan Technical University, and one at "
@@ -4305,7 +4305,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2964
+#: freeculture.xml:2968
 msgid ""
 "Jesse called his parents. They were supportive but a bit frightened.  An "
 "uncle was a lawyer. He began negotiations with the RIAA. They demanded to "
@@ -4314,12 +4314,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2970
+#: freeculture.xml:2974
 msgid "Oppenheimer, Matt"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2972
+#: freeculture.xml:2976
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA wanted Jesse to admit to doing something wrong. He refused. They "
 "wanted him to agree to an injunction that would essentially make it "
@@ -4333,13 +4333,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2982
+#: freeculture.xml:2986
 msgid "legal system, attorney costs in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 65 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2984
+#: freeculture.xml:2988
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's family was outraged at these claims. They wanted to fight.  But "
 "Jesse's uncle worked to educate the family about the nature of the American "
@@ -4351,35 +4351,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2994
+#: freeculture.xml:2998
 msgid ""
 "So Jesse faced a mafia-like choice: $250,000 and a chance at winning, or "
 "$12,000 and a settlement."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:5447 freeculture.xml:5496 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14814 freeculture.xml:14879
+#: freeculture.xml:3001 freeculture.xml:3370 freeculture.xml:4306 freeculture.xml:5451 freeculture.xml:5500 freeculture.xml:9949 freeculture.xml:10047 freeculture.xml:10208 freeculture.xml:10231 freeculture.xml:14874 freeculture.xml:14939
 msgid "artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14814 freeculture.xml:14879
+#: freeculture.xml:3001 freeculture.xml:3370 freeculture.xml:4306 freeculture.xml:9949 freeculture.xml:10047 freeculture.xml:10208 freeculture.xml:10231 freeculture.xml:14874 freeculture.xml:14939
 msgid "recording industry payments to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2998 freeculture.xml:4309
+#: freeculture.xml:3002 freeculture.xml:4313 freeculture.xml:10051 freeculture.xml:10209
 msgid "artist remuneration in"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2999
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3003 freeculture.xml:10055
 msgid "lobbying power of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3009
+#: freeculture.xml:3013
 msgid ""
 "Occupational Employment Survey, U.S. Dept. of Labor (2001)  "
 "(27&ndash;2042&mdash;Musicians and Singers). See also National Endowment for "
@@ -4388,7 +4388,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3017
+#: freeculture.xml:3021
 msgid ""
 "Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in <quote>KaZaA and "
 "Punishment,</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10 September "
@@ -4396,7 +4396,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3001
+#: freeculture.xml:3005
 msgid ""
 "The recording industry insists this is a matter of law and morality.  Let's "
 "put the law aside for a moment and think about the morality.  Where is the "
@@ -4410,7 +4410,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3024
+#: freeculture.xml:3028
 msgid ""
 "On June 23, Jesse wired his savings to the lawyer working for the RIAA. The "
 "case against him was then dismissed. And with this, this kid who had "
@@ -4418,7 +4418,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3031
+#: freeculture.xml:3035
 msgid ""
 "I was definitely not an activist [before]. I never really meant to be an "
 "activist. &hellip; [But] I've been pushed into this. In no way did I ever "
@@ -4427,7 +4427,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3038
+#: freeculture.xml:3042
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's parents betray a certain pride in their reluctant activist. As his "
 "father told me, Jesse <quote>considers himself very conservative, and so do "
@@ -4437,17 +4437,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3053
+#: freeculture.xml:3057
 msgid "CHAPTER FOUR: <quote>Pirates</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3054
+#: freeculture.xml:3058
 msgid "in development of content industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3057
+#: freeculture.xml:3061
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>If <quote>piracy</quote> means</emphasis> using the "
 "creative property of others without their permission&mdash;if <quote>if "
@@ -4459,12 +4459,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3068
+#: freeculture.xml:3072
 msgid "Film"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3072
+#: freeculture.xml:3076
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> I am grateful to Peter DiMauro "
 "for pointing me to this extraordinary history. See also Siva Vaidhyanathan, "
@@ -4474,7 +4474,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 67 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3070
+#: freeculture.xml:3074
 msgid ""
 "The film industry of Hollywood was built by fleeing pirates.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Creators and directors migrated from the East "
@@ -4488,12 +4488,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3088
+#: freeculture.xml:3092
 msgid "As one commentator tells one part of the story,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3092
+#: freeculture.xml:3096
 msgid ""
 "A January 1909 deadline was set for all companies to comply with the "
 "license. By February, unlicensed outlaws, who referred to themselves as "
@@ -4504,27 +4504,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3100
+#: freeculture.xml:3104
 msgid "Fox, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3101
+#: freeculture.xml:3105
 msgid "General Film Company"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3102 freeculture.xml:3384 freeculture.xml:4535 freeculture.xml:10053
+#: freeculture.xml:3106 freeculture.xml:3388 freeculture.xml:4539 freeculture.xml:10097
 msgid "Picker, Randal C."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3126 freeculture.xml:4534 freeculture.xml:9787 freeculture.xml:9908
+#: freeculture.xml:3130 freeculture.xml:4538 freeculture.xml:9818 freeculture.xml:9944
 msgid "broadcast flag"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3115
+#: freeculture.xml:3119
 msgid ""
 "J. A. Aberdeen, <citetitle>Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent "
 "Motion Picture Producers</citetitle> (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and "
@@ -4540,7 +4540,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3104
+#: freeculture.xml:3108
 msgid ""
 "With the country experiencing a tremendous expansion in the number of "
 "nickelodeons, the Patents Company reacted to the independent movement by "
@@ -4556,7 +4556,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3137
+#: freeculture.xml:3141
 msgid ""
 "Marc Wanamaker, <quote>The First Studios,</quote> <citetitle>The Silents "
 "Majority</citetitle>, archived at <ulink "
@@ -4564,7 +4564,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3131
+#: freeculture.xml:3135
 msgid ""
 "The Napsters of those days, the <quote>independents,</quote> were companies "
 "like Fox. And no less than today, these independents were vigorously "
@@ -4579,7 +4579,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 68 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3147
+#: freeculture.xml:3151
 msgid ""
 "Of course, California grew quickly, and the effective enforcement of federal "
 "law eventually spread west. But because patents grant the patent holder a "
@@ -4590,34 +4590,34 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3158
+#: freeculture.xml:3162
 msgid "Recorded Music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3159 freeculture.xml:4306
+#: freeculture.xml:3163 freeculture.xml:4310
 msgid "on music recordings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3161
+#: freeculture.xml:3165
 msgid ""
 "The record industry was born of another kind of piracy, though to see how "
 "requires a bit of detail about the way the law regulates music."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3164
+#: freeculture.xml:3168
 msgid "Fourneaux, Henri"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3165
+#: freeculture.xml:3169
 msgid "Russel, Phil"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3167
+#: freeculture.xml:3171
 msgid ""
 "At the time that Edison and Henri Fourneaux invented machines for "
 "reproducing music (Edison the phonograph, Fourneaux the player piano), the "
@@ -4630,12 +4630,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3176 freeculture.xml:3328
+#: freeculture.xml:3180 freeculture.xml:3332
 msgid "Beatles"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3178
+#: freeculture.xml:3182
 msgid ""
 "But what if I wanted to record <quote>Happy Mose,</quote> using Edison's "
 "phonograph or Fourneaux's player piano? Here the law stumbled. It was clear "
@@ -4655,12 +4655,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3201 freeculture.xml:3218
+#: freeculture.xml:3205 freeculture.xml:3222
 msgid "Kittredge, Alfred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3197
+#: freeculture.xml:3201
 msgid ""
 "The composers (and publishers) were none too happy about this capacity to "
 "pirate. As South Dakota senator Alfred Kittredge put it, <placeholder "
@@ -4668,7 +4668,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3212
+#: freeculture.xml:3216
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright: Hearings on S. 6330 "
 "and H.R. 19853 Before the ( Joint) Committees on Patents, 59th Cong. 59, 1st "
@@ -4680,7 +4680,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3205
+#: freeculture.xml:3209
 msgid ""
 "Imagine the injustice of the thing. A composer writes a song or an opera. A "
 "publisher buys at great expense the rights to the same and copyrights "
@@ -4691,13 +4691,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3222
+#: freeculture.xml:3226
 msgid "Sousa, John Philip"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3228
+#: freeculture.xml:3232
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
@@ -4705,7 +4705,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3234
+#: freeculture.xml:3238
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
@@ -4713,14 +4713,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3241
+#: freeculture.xml:3245
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (statement of "
 "John Philip Sousa, composer)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3224
+#: freeculture.xml:3228
 msgid ""
 "The innovators who developed the technology to record other people's works "
 "were <quote>sponging upon the toil, the work, the talent, and genius of "
@@ -4733,18 +4733,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3245
+#: freeculture.xml:3249
 msgid "American Graphophone Company"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3246
+#: freeculture.xml:3250
 msgid "player pianos"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3257
+#: freeculture.xml:3261
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283&ndash;84 "
 "(statement of Albert Walker, representative of the Auto-Music Perforating "
@@ -4753,7 +4753,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3268
+#: freeculture.xml:3272
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 376 (prepared "
 "memorandum of Philip Mauro, general patent counsel of the American "
@@ -4761,7 +4761,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3249
+#: freeculture.xml:3253
 msgid ""
 "These arguments have familiar echoes in the wars of our day. So, too, do the "
 "arguments on the other side. The innovators who developed the player piano "
@@ -4779,7 +4779,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 70 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3274
+#: freeculture.xml:3278
 msgid ""
 "The law soon resolved this battle in favor of the composer "
 "<emphasis>and</emphasis> the recording artist. Congress amended the law to "
@@ -4794,7 +4794,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3289
+#: freeculture.xml:3293
 msgid ""
 "American law ordinarily calls this a <quote>compulsory license,</quote> but "
 "I will refer to it as a <quote>statutory license.</quote> A statutory "
@@ -4805,12 +4805,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3296 freeculture.xml:14510
+#: freeculture.xml:3300 freeculture.xml:14570
 msgid "Grisham, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3298
+#: freeculture.xml:3302
 msgid ""
 "This is an exception within the law of copyright. When John Grisham writes a "
 "novel, a publisher is free to publish that novel only if Grisham gives the "
@@ -4822,7 +4822,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3322
+#: freeculture.xml:3326
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and "
 "H.R. 11794 Before the ( Joint) Committee on Patents, 60th Cong., 1st sess., "
@@ -4833,7 +4833,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3308
+#: freeculture.xml:3312
 msgid ""
 "But the law governing recordings gives recording artists less. And thus, in "
 "effect, the law <emphasis>subsidizes</emphasis> the recording industry "
@@ -4850,7 +4850,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3331
+#: freeculture.xml:3335
 msgid ""
 "While the recording industry has been quite coy about this recently, "
 "historically it has been quite a supporter of the statutory license for "
@@ -4859,7 +4859,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3353
+#: freeculture.xml:3357
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Report to Accompany H.R. 2512, House Committee on "
 "the Judiciary, 90th Cong., 1st sess., House Document no. 83, (8 March "
@@ -4867,7 +4867,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3338
+#: freeculture.xml:3342
 msgid ""
 "the record producers argued vigorously that the compulsory license system "
 "must be retained. They asserted that the record industry is a "
@@ -4884,29 +4884,29 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3360
+#: freeculture.xml:3364
 msgid ""
 "By limiting the rights musicians have, by partially pirating their creative "
 "work, the record producers, and the public, benefit."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3365 freeculture.xml:4499
+#: freeculture.xml:3369 freeculture.xml:4503
 msgid "Radio"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3368
+#: freeculture.xml:3372
 msgid "Radio was also born of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3383
+#: freeculture.xml:3387
 msgid "Hand, Learned"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3374
+#: freeculture.xml:3378
 msgid ""
 "See 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, sections 106 and 110. At "
 "the beginning, record companies printed <quote>Not Licensed for Radio "
@@ -4923,7 +4923,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3371
+#: freeculture.xml:3375
 msgid ""
 "When a radio station plays a record on the air, that constitutes a "
 "<quote>public performance</quote> of the composer's work.<placeholder "
@@ -4934,13 +4934,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3401 freeculture.xml:9118 freeculture.xml:9581 freeculture.xml:12580
+#: freeculture.xml:3405 freeculture.xml:9122 freeculture.xml:9594 freeculture.xml:12640
 msgid "Lovett, Lyle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 72 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3391
+#: freeculture.xml:3395
 msgid ""
 "But when the radio station plays a record, it is not only performing a copy "
 "of the <emphasis>composer's</emphasis> work. The radio station is also "
@@ -4955,7 +4955,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3406
+#: freeculture.xml:3410
 msgid ""
 "But it doesn't. Under the law governing radio performances, the radio "
 "station does not have to pay the recording artist. The radio station need "
@@ -4965,12 +4965,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3413 freeculture.xml:3919 freeculture.xml:6414
+#: freeculture.xml:3417 freeculture.xml:3923 freeculture.xml:6418
 msgid "Madonna"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3415
+#: freeculture.xml:3419
 msgid ""
 "This difference can be huge. Imagine you compose a piece of music.  Imagine "
 "it is your first. You own the exclusive right to authorize public "
@@ -4979,7 +4979,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3421
+#: freeculture.xml:3425
 msgid ""
 "Imagine she does sing your song, and imagine she likes it a lot. She then "
 "decides to make a recording of your song, and it becomes a top hit. Under "
@@ -4991,7 +4991,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3432
+#: freeculture.xml:3436
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, one might argue that, on balance, the recording artists "
 "benefit. On average, the promotion they get is worth more than the "
@@ -5002,23 +5002,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3442 freeculture.xml:4505
+#: freeculture.xml:3446 freeculture.xml:4509
 msgid "Cable TV"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3443 freeculture.xml:4326 freeculture.xml:8313 freeculture.xml:8352 freeculture.xml:14912
+#: freeculture.xml:3447 freeculture.xml:4330 freeculture.xml:8317 freeculture.xml:8356 freeculture.xml:14972
 msgid "cable television"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3445
+#: freeculture.xml:3449
 msgid "Cable TV was also born of a kind of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 73 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3448
+#: freeculture.xml:3452
 msgid ""
 "When cable entrepreneurs first started wiring communities with cable "
 "television in 1948, most refused to pay broadcasters for the content that "
@@ -5030,22 +5030,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3458
+#: freeculture.xml:3462
 msgid "Anello, Douglas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3459
+#: freeculture.xml:3463
 msgid "Burdick, Quentin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3460 freeculture.xml:3471
+#: freeculture.xml:3464 freeculture.xml:3475
 msgid "Hyde, Rosel H."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3466
+#: freeculture.xml:3470
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV: Hearing on S. 1006 Before the "
 "Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Senate Committee "
@@ -5056,14 +5056,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3478
+#: freeculture.xml:3482
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 116 (statement of Douglas A. Anello, "
 "general counsel of the National Association of Broadcasters)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3462
+#: freeculture.xml:3466
 msgid ""
 "Broadcasters and copyright owners were quick to attack this theft.  Rosel "
 "Hyde, chairman of the FCC, viewed the practice as a kind of <quote>unfair "
@@ -5078,14 +5078,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3489
+#: freeculture.xml:3493
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 126 (statement of Ernest W. Jennes, "
 "general counsel of the Association of Maximum Service Telecasters, Inc.)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3485
+#: freeculture.xml:3489
 msgid ""
 "The extraordinary thing about the CATV business is that it is the only "
 "business I know of where the product that is being sold is not paid "
@@ -5093,13 +5093,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3495
+#: freeculture.xml:3499
 msgid "Again, the demand of the copyright holders seemed reasonable enough:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3504
+#: freeculture.xml:3508
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 169 (joint statement of Arthur B.  Krim, "
 "president of United Artists Corp., and John Sinn, president of United "
@@ -5107,7 +5107,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3499
+#: freeculture.xml:3503
 msgid ""
 "All we are asking for is a very simple thing, that people who now take our "
 "property for nothing pay for it. We are trying to stop piracy and I don't "
@@ -5116,12 +5116,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3510 freeculture.xml:3518
+#: freeculture.xml:3514 freeculture.xml:3522
 msgid "Heston, Charlton"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3516
+#: freeculture.xml:3520
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 209 (statement of Charlton Heston, "
 "president of the Screen Actors Guild).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -5129,7 +5129,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3512
+#: freeculture.xml:3516
 msgid ""
 "These were <quote>free-ride[rs],</quote> Screen Actor's Guild president "
 "Charlton Heston said, who were <quote>depriving actors of "
@@ -5137,19 +5137,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3523
+#: freeculture.xml:3527
 msgid ""
 "But again, there was another side to the debate. As Assistant Attorney "
 "General Edwin Zimmerman put it,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3539 freeculture.xml:3541
+#: freeculture.xml:3543 freeculture.xml:3545
 msgid "Zimmerman, Edwin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3537
+#: freeculture.xml:3541
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 216 (statement of Edwin M.  Zimmerman, "
 "acting assistant attorney general).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -5157,7 +5157,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3528
+#: freeculture.xml:3532
 msgid ""
 "Our point here is that unlike the problem of whether you have any copyright "
 "protection at all, the problem here is whether copyright holders who are "
@@ -5169,14 +5169,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3545
+#: freeculture.xml:3549
 msgid ""
 "Copyright owners took the cable companies to court. Twice the Supreme Court "
 "held that the cable companies owed the copyright owners nothing."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3549
+#: freeculture.xml:3553
 msgid ""
 "It took Congress almost thirty years before it resolved the question of "
 "whether cable companies had to pay for the content they "
@@ -5192,7 +5192,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3568
+#: freeculture.xml:3572
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, <citetitle>The "
 "Engine of Free Expression: Copyright on the Internet&mdash;The Myth of Free "
@@ -5203,7 +5203,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3563
+#: freeculture.xml:3567
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>These separate stories</emphasis> sing a common "
 "theme. If <quote>piracy</quote> means using value from someone else's "
@@ -5217,12 +5217,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3585
+#: freeculture.xml:3589
 msgid "CHAPTER FIVE: <quote>Piracy</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3587
+#: freeculture.xml:3591
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There is piracy</emphasis> of copyrighted "
 "material. Lots of it. This piracy comes in many forms. The most significant "
@@ -5234,7 +5234,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 76 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3595
+#: freeculture.xml:3599
 msgid ""
 "But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of "
 "<quote>taking</quote> that is more directly related to the Internet. That "
@@ -5246,28 +5246,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3605
+#: freeculture.xml:3609
 msgid "Piracy I"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3606 freeculture.xml:3686 freeculture.xml:3736 freeculture.xml:14914
+#: freeculture.xml:3610 freeculture.xml:3690 freeculture.xml:3740 freeculture.xml:14974
 msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3607 freeculture.xml:4054 freeculture.xml:9582 freeculture.xml:10389 freeculture.xml:14305 freeculture.xml:14896
+#: freeculture.xml:3611 freeculture.xml:4058 freeculture.xml:9595 freeculture.xml:10449 freeculture.xml:14365 freeculture.xml:14956
 msgid "CDs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3607
+#: freeculture.xml:3611
 msgid "foreign piracy of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3615
+#: freeculture.xml:3619
 msgid ""
 "See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), "
 "<citetitle>The Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003</citetitle>, "
@@ -5277,7 +5277,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3609
+#: freeculture.xml:3613
 msgid ""
 "All across the world, but especially in Asia and Eastern Europe, there are "
 "businesses that do nothing but take others people's copyrighted content, "
@@ -5289,7 +5289,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3625
+#: freeculture.xml:3629
 msgid ""
 "This is piracy plain and simple. Nothing in the argument of this book, nor "
 "in the argument that most people make when talking about the subject of this "
@@ -5297,7 +5297,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3631
+#: freeculture.xml:3635
 msgid ""
 "Which is not to say that excuses and justifications couldn't be made for "
 "it. We could, for example, remind ourselves that for the first one hundred "
@@ -5309,7 +5309,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3640
+#: freeculture.xml:3644
 msgid ""
 "That excuse isn't terribly strong. Technically, our law did not ban the "
 "taking of foreign works. It explicitly limited itself to American "
@@ -5324,7 +5324,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 77
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3651
+#: freeculture.xml:3655
 msgid ""
 "True, these local rules have, in effect, been imposed upon these "
 "countries. No country can be part of the world economy and choose not to "
@@ -5333,17 +5333,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3679
+#: freeculture.xml:3683
 msgid "agricultural patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3680 freeculture.xml:12872 freeculture.xml:13361 freeculture.xml:13368
+#: freeculture.xml:3684 freeculture.xml:12932 freeculture.xml:13421 freeculture.xml:13428
 msgid "Drahos, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3664
+#: freeculture.xml:3668
 msgid ""
 "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: "
 "<citetitle>Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New "
@@ -5363,7 +5363,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3659
+#: freeculture.xml:3663
 msgid ""
 "If a country is to be treated as a sovereign, however, then its laws are its "
 "laws regardless of their source. The international law under which these "
@@ -5375,12 +5375,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3701 freeculture.xml:3975 freeculture.xml:15062
+#: freeculture.xml:3705 freeculture.xml:3979 freeculture.xml:15122
 msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3694
+#: freeculture.xml:3698
 msgid ""
 "For an analysis of the economic impact of copying technology, see Stan "
 "Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle> (New York: "
@@ -5393,7 +5393,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3688
+#: freeculture.xml:3692
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could try to excuse this piracy by noting that in any "
 "case, it does no harm to the industry. The Chinese who get access to "
@@ -5403,7 +5403,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3705
+#: freeculture.xml:3709
 msgid ""
 "This is often true (though I have friends who have purchased many thousands "
 "of pirated DVDs who certainly have enough money to pay for the content they "
@@ -5419,7 +5419,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 78 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3719
+#: freeculture.xml:3723
 msgid ""
 "This argument is still very weak. However, although copyright is a property "
 "right of a very special sort, it <emphasis>is</emphasis> a property "
@@ -5438,47 +5438,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:14915
+#: freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:14975
 msgid "in Asia"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3738 freeculture.xml:13181
+#: freeculture.xml:3742 freeculture.xml:13241
 msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3739 freeculture.xml:3769 freeculture.xml:11664 freeculture.xml:13196 freeculture.xml:13809
+#: freeculture.xml:3743 freeculture.xml:3773 freeculture.xml:11724 freeculture.xml:13256 freeculture.xml:13869
 msgid "GNU/Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3740 freeculture.xml:3770 freeculture.xml:11666 freeculture.xml:13197 freeculture.xml:13810
+#: freeculture.xml:3744 freeculture.xml:3774 freeculture.xml:11726 freeculture.xml:13257 freeculture.xml:13870
 msgid "Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3741
+#: freeculture.xml:3745
 msgid "competitive strategies of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3742
+#: freeculture.xml:3746
 msgid "Windows"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3743
+#: freeculture.xml:3747
 msgid "international software piracy of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3744
+#: freeculture.xml:3748
 msgid "Windows operating system of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3746
+#: freeculture.xml:3750
 msgid ""
 "Finally, we could try to excuse this piracy with the argument that the "
 "piracy actually helps the copyright owner. When the Chinese "
@@ -5494,17 +5494,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3758 freeculture.xml:13839
+#: freeculture.xml:3762 freeculture.xml:13899
 msgid "law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3758 freeculture.xml:13839
+#: freeculture.xml:3762 freeculture.xml:13899
 msgid "databases of case reports in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3760
+#: freeculture.xml:3764
 msgid ""
 "This argument, too, is somewhat true. The addiction strategy is a good "
 "one. Many businesses practice it. Some thrive because of it. Law students, "
@@ -5515,17 +5515,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3767
+#: freeculture.xml:3771
 msgid "Netscape"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3768
+#: freeculture.xml:3772
 msgid "Internet Explorer"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3772
+#: freeculture.xml:3776
 msgid ""
 "Still, the argument is not terribly persuasive. We don't give the alcoholic "
 "a defense when he steals his first beer, merely because that will make it "
@@ -5541,7 +5541,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 79 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3786
+#: freeculture.xml:3790
 msgid ""
 "Thus, while I understand the pull of these justifications for piracy, and I "
 "certainly see the motivation, in my view, in the end, these efforts at "
@@ -5553,7 +5553,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3796
+#: freeculture.xml:3800
 msgid ""
 "But as the examples from the four chapters that introduced this part "
 "suggest, even if some piracy is plainly wrong, not all <quote>piracy</quote> "
@@ -5566,7 +5566,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3805
+#: freeculture.xml:3809
 msgid ""
 "This doesn't mean that there are no questions raised by the latest piracy "
 "concern, peer-to-peer file sharing. But it does mean that we need to "
@@ -5575,7 +5575,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3811
+#: freeculture.xml:3815
 msgid ""
 "For (1) like the original Hollywood, p2p sharing escapes an overly "
 "controlling industry; and (2) like the original recording industry, it "
@@ -5584,20 +5584,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3817
+#: freeculture.xml:3821
 msgid ""
 "These differences distinguish p2p sharing from true piracy. They should push "
 "us to find a way to protect artists while enabling this sharing to survive."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3823
+#: freeculture.xml:3827
 msgid "Piracy II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3828
+#: freeculture.xml:3832
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 "
 "Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
@@ -5605,7 +5605,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 80 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3825
+#: freeculture.xml:3829
 msgid ""
 "The key to the <quote>piracy</quote> that the law aims to quash is a use "
 "that <quote>rob[s] the author of [his] profit.</quote><placeholder "
@@ -5614,23 +5614,23 @@ msgid ""
 "either prevent it or find an alternative to assure the author of his profit."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3836 freeculture.xml:3844
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3840 freeculture.xml:3848 freeculture.xml:9527
 msgid "innovation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3837
+#: freeculture.xml:3841
 msgid "Fanning, Shawn"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3854 freeculture.xml:8546
+#: freeculture.xml:3858 freeculture.xml:8550
 msgid "Christensen, Clayton M."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3844
+#: freeculture.xml:3848
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> See Clayton M. Christensen, "
 "<citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary National Bestseller "
@@ -5645,7 +5645,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3839
+#: freeculture.xml:3843
 msgid ""
 "Peer-to-peer sharing was made famous by Napster. But the inventors of the "
 "Napster technology had not made any major technological innovations.  Like "
@@ -5657,7 +5657,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3864
+#: freeculture.xml:3868
 msgid ""
 "See Carolyn Lochhead, <quote>Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood "
 "Nightmare,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 24 "
@@ -5671,7 +5671,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3859
+#: freeculture.xml:3863
 msgid ""
 "The result was spontaneous combustion. Launched in July 1999, Napster "
 "amassed over 10 million users within nine months. After eighteen months, "
@@ -5687,7 +5687,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3886
+#: freeculture.xml:3890
 msgid ""
 "See Ipsos-Insight, <citetitle>TEMPO: Keeping Pace with Online Music "
 "Distribution</citetitle> (September 2002), reporting that 28 percent of "
@@ -5698,14 +5698,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3895
+#: freeculture.xml:3899
 msgid ""
 "Amy Harmon, <quote>Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 6 June 2003, A1."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3880
+#: freeculture.xml:3884
 msgid ""
 "According to a number of estimates, a huge proportion of Americans have "
 "tasted file-sharing technology. A study by Ipsos-Insight in September 2002 "
@@ -5721,7 +5721,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3904
+#: freeculture.xml:3908
 msgid ""
 "Some of this enjoying involves copyright infringement. Some of it does "
 "not. And even among the part that is technically copyright infringement, "
@@ -5733,7 +5733,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 81 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3914
+#: freeculture.xml:3918
 msgid ""
 "File sharers share different kinds of content. We can divide these different "
 "kinds into four types."
@@ -5741,7 +5741,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3922
+#: freeculture.xml:3926
 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "content. Thus, when a new Madonna CD is released, rather than buying the CD, "
@@ -5754,7 +5754,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3932
+#: freeculture.xml:3936
 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks to sample music before purchasing "
 "it. Thus, a friend sends another friend an MP3 of an artist he's not heard "
@@ -5767,7 +5767,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  C. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3943
+#: freeculture.xml:3947
 msgid ""
 "There are many who use sharing networks to get access to copyrighted content "
 "that is no longer sold or that they would not have purchased because the "
@@ -5786,26 +5786,26 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  PAGE BREAK 82 
 #.  D. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3960
+#: freeculture.xml:3964
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who use sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or that the copyright owner wants to give away."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3966
+#: freeculture.xml:3970
 msgid "How do these different types of sharing balance out?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3974
+#: freeculture.xml:3978
 msgid ""
 "See Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle>, "
 "148&ndash;49.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3969
+#: freeculture.xml:3973
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with some simple but important points. From the perspective of "
 "the law, only type D sharing is clearly legal. From the perspective of "
@@ -5819,7 +5819,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3985
+#: freeculture.xml:3989
 msgid ""
 "Whether on balance sharing is harmful depends importantly on how harmful "
 "type A sharing is. Just as Edison complained about Hollywood, composers "
@@ -5830,17 +5830,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4001 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:14622
+#: freeculture.xml:3996 freeculture.xml:4005 freeculture.xml:4362 freeculture.xml:8116 freeculture.xml:8145 freeculture.xml:9874 freeculture.xml:14682
 msgid "cassette recording"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:9844 freeculture.xml:14622 freeculture.xml:14623
+#: freeculture.xml:3996 freeculture.xml:4362 freeculture.xml:8116 freeculture.xml:8145 freeculture.xml:9874 freeculture.xml:9875 freeculture.xml:14682 freeculture.xml:14683
 msgid "VCRs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4001
+#: freeculture.xml:4005
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> See Cap Gemini Ernst &amp; Young, "
 "<citetitle>Technology Evolution and the Music Industry's Business Model "
@@ -5857,7 +5857,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3994
+#: freeculture.xml:3998
 msgid ""
 "While the numbers do suggest that sharing is harmful, how harmful is harder "
 "to reckon. It has long been the recording industry's practice to blame "
@@ -5872,18 +5872,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4019
+#: freeculture.xml:4023
 msgid "MTV"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4029
+#: freeculture.xml:4033
 msgid "U.S. Congress, <citetitle>Copyright and Home Copying</citetitle>, 4."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4021
+#: freeculture.xml:4025
 msgid ""
 "Yet soon thereafter, and before Congress was given an opportunity to enact "
 "regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record "
@@ -5895,7 +5895,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4034
+#: freeculture.xml:4038
 msgid ""
 "But just because the industry was wrong before does not mean it is wrong "
 "today. To evaluate the real threat that p2p sharing presents to the industry "
@@ -5908,7 +5908,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4044
+#: freeculture.xml:4048
 msgid ""
 "We start to answer this question by focusing on the net harm, from the "
 "standpoint of the industry as a whole, that sharing networks cause.  The "
@@ -5920,12 +5920,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4054
+#: freeculture.xml:4058
 msgid "sales levels of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4056
+#: freeculture.xml:4060
 msgid ""
 "Could that be true? Could the industry as a whole be gaining because of file "
 "sharing? Odd as that might sound, the data about CD sales actually suggest "
@@ -5934,7 +5934,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4065
+#: freeculture.xml:4069
 msgid ""
 "See Recording Industry Association of America, <citetitle>2002 Yearend "
 "Statistics</citetitle>, available at <ulink "
@@ -5952,12 +5952,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4092
+#: freeculture.xml:4096
 msgid "Black, Jane"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4089
+#: freeculture.xml:4093
 msgid ""
 "Jane Black, <quote>Big Music's Broken Record,</quote> BusinessWeek online, "
 "13 February 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -5966,7 +5966,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4061
+#: freeculture.xml:4065
 msgid ""
 "In 2002, the RIAA reported that CD sales had fallen by 8.9 percent, from 882 "
 "million to 803 million units; revenues fell 6.7 percent.<placeholder "
@@ -5987,7 +5987,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 84 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4107
+#: freeculture.xml:4111
 msgid ""
 "But let's assume the RIAA is right, and all of the decline in CD sales is "
 "because of Internet sharing. Here's the rub: In the same period that the "
@@ -5998,7 +5998,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4115
+#: freeculture.xml:4119
 msgid ""
 "There are too many different things happening at the same time to explain "
 "these numbers definitively, but one conclusion is unavoidable: The recording "
@@ -6016,7 +6016,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4131
+#: freeculture.xml:4135
 msgid ""
 "These are the harms&mdash;alleged and perhaps exaggerated but, let's assume, "
 "real. What of the benefits? File sharing may impose costs on the recording "
@@ -6025,7 +6025,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4143
+#: freeculture.xml:4147
 msgid ""
 "By one estimate, 75 percent of the music released by the major labels is no "
 "longer in print. See Online Entertainment and Copyright Law&mdash;Coming "
@@ -6036,7 +6036,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4137
+#: freeculture.xml:4141
 msgid ""
 "One benefit is type C sharing&mdash;making available content that is "
 "technically still under copyright but is no longer commercially available.  "
@@ -6050,17 +6050,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:4716 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6114 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:7337 freeculture.xml:7406 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7656 freeculture.xml:14008 freeculture.xml:14734 freeculture.xml:14735
+#: freeculture.xml:4160 freeculture.xml:4168 freeculture.xml:4190 freeculture.xml:4212 freeculture.xml:4720 freeculture.xml:6061 freeculture.xml:6066 freeculture.xml:6118 freeculture.xml:6998 freeculture.xml:6999 freeculture.xml:7341 freeculture.xml:7410 freeculture.xml:7444 freeculture.xml:7660 freeculture.xml:14068 freeculture.xml:14794 freeculture.xml:14795
 msgid "books"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:14735
+#: freeculture.xml:4160 freeculture.xml:4168 freeculture.xml:6999 freeculture.xml:14795
 msgid "resales of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4164
+#: freeculture.xml:4168
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> While there are not good "
 "estimates of the number of used record stores in existence, in 2002, there "
@@ -6074,7 +6074,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4158
+#: freeculture.xml:4162
 msgid ""
 "In real space&mdash;long before the Internet&mdash;the market had a simple "
 "response to this problem: used book and record stores. There are thousands "
@@ -6089,17 +6089,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4185
+#: freeculture.xml:4189
 msgid "Bernstein, Leonard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:14734
+#: freeculture.xml:4190 freeculture.xml:6061 freeculture.xml:6066 freeculture.xml:6998 freeculture.xml:14794
 msgid "out of print"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4188
+#: freeculture.xml:4192
 msgid ""
 "Type C sharing, then, is very much like used book stores or used record "
 "stores. It is different, of course, because the person making the content "
@@ -6115,7 +6115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4201
+#: freeculture.xml:4205
 msgid ""
 "It may well be, all things considered, that it would be better if the "
 "copyright owner got something from this trade. But just because it may well "
@@ -6126,13 +6126,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:14008
+#: freeculture.xml:4212 freeculture.xml:14068
 msgid "free on-line releases of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 86 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4210
+#: freeculture.xml:4214
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and perhaps most importantly, file-sharing networks enable type D "
 "sharing to occur&mdash;the sharing of content that copyright owners want to "
@@ -6150,7 +6150,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4228
+#: freeculture.xml:4232
 msgid ""
 "Likewise for work in the public domain: This sharing benefits society with "
 "no legal harm to authors at all. If efforts to solve the problem of type A "
@@ -6159,7 +6159,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4234
+#: freeculture.xml:4238
 msgid ""
 "The point throughout is this: While the recording industry understandably "
 "says, <quote>This is how much we've lost,</quote> we must also ask, "
@@ -6169,7 +6169,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4241
+#: freeculture.xml:4245
 msgid ""
 "For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "
 "of the <quote>piracy</quote> that file sharing enables is plainly legal and "
@@ -6185,7 +6185,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4255
+#: freeculture.xml:4259
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the "
 "target just what you call type A sharing?</quote>"
@@ -6193,7 +6193,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4272
+#: freeculture.xml:4276
 msgid ""
 "See Transcript of Proceedings, In Re: Napster Copyright Litigation at 34- 35 "
 "(N.D. Cal., 11 July 2001), nos. MDL-00-1369 MHP, C 99-5183 MHP, available at "
@@ -6204,7 +6204,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4259
+#: freeculture.xml:4263
 msgid ""
 "You would think. And we should hope. But so far, it is not. The effect of "
 "the war purportedly on type A sharing alone has been felt far beyond that "
@@ -6217,7 +6217,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4283
+#: freeculture.xml:4287
 msgid ""
 "If 99.4 percent is not good enough, then this is a war on file-sharing "
 "technologies, not a war on copyright infringement. There is no way to assure "
@@ -6231,7 +6231,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4294
+#: freeculture.xml:4298
 msgid ""
 "Zero tolerance has not been our history. It has not produced the content "
 "industry that we know today. The history of American law has been a process "
@@ -6243,57 +6243,57 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4303
+#: freeculture.xml:4307
 msgid "composers, copyright protections of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4304 freeculture.xml:4305 freeculture.xml:4388 freeculture.xml:4389 freeculture.xml:11732
+#: freeculture.xml:4308 freeculture.xml:4309 freeculture.xml:4392 freeculture.xml:4393 freeculture.xml:10048 freeculture.xml:10049 freeculture.xml:10050 freeculture.xml:11792
 msgid "Congress, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4304 freeculture.xml:4388
+#: freeculture.xml:4308 freeculture.xml:4392 freeculture.xml:10048
 msgid "on copyright laws"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4305
+#: freeculture.xml:4309 freeculture.xml:10050
 msgid "on recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4307
+#: freeculture.xml:4311 freeculture.xml:9877
 msgid "statutory licenses in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4308
+#: freeculture.xml:4312
 msgid "music recordings played on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4310
+#: freeculture.xml:4314
 msgid "copyright protections in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4311
+#: freeculture.xml:4315 freeculture.xml:10052
 msgid "radio broadcast and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4312
+#: freeculture.xml:4316 freeculture.xml:9876
 msgid "statutory licenses"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4313
+#: freeculture.xml:4317
 msgid "composer's rights vs. producers' rights in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4315
+#: freeculture.xml:4319
 msgid ""
 "So, as we've seen, when <quote>mechanical reproduction</quote> threatened "
 "the interests of composers, Congress balanced the rights of composers "
@@ -6307,7 +6307,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4328
+#: freeculture.xml:4332
 msgid ""
 "Cable TV followed the pattern of record albums. When the courts rejected the "
 "claim that cable broadcasters had to pay for the content they rebroadcast, "
@@ -6318,7 +6318,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 88 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4339
+#: freeculture.xml:4343
 msgid ""
 "This compromise, like the compromise affecting records and player pianos, "
 "served two important goals&mdash;indeed, the two central goals of any "
@@ -6336,12 +6336,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4357
+#: freeculture.xml:4361
 msgid "Betamax"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4360
+#: freeculture.xml:4364
 msgid ""
 "In the same year that Congress struck this balance, two major producers and "
 "distributors of film content filed a lawsuit against another technology, the "
@@ -6358,7 +6358,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 89 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4374
+#: freeculture.xml:4378
 msgid ""
 "There was something to Disney's and Universal's claim. Sony did decide to "
 "design its machine to make it very simple to record television shows. It "
@@ -6374,13 +6374,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4389
+#: freeculture.xml:4393
 msgid "on VCR technology"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4398
+#: freeculture.xml:4402
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders): Hearing on S. 1758 "
 "Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 97th Cong., 1st and 2nd sess., "
@@ -6390,13 +6390,13 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4410
+#: freeculture.xml:4414
 msgid "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 475."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4415
+#: freeculture.xml:4419
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
 "Corp. of America</citetitle>, 480 F. Supp. 429, (C.D. Cal., 1979)."
@@ -6404,14 +6404,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4426
+#: freeculture.xml:4430
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 485 (testimony of Jack "
 "Valenti)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4391
+#: freeculture.xml:4395
 msgid ""
 "MPAA president Jack Valenti became the studios' most vocal champion. Valenti "
 "called VCRs <quote>tapeworms.</quote> He warned, <quote>When there are 20, "
@@ -6438,19 +6438,19 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4443
+#: freeculture.xml:4447
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
 "Corp. of America</citetitle>, 659 F. 2d 963 (9th Cir.  1981)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4446
+#: freeculture.xml:4450
 msgid "Kozinski, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4431
+#: freeculture.xml:4435
 msgid ""
 "It took eight years for this case to be resolved by the Supreme Court. In "
 "the interim, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes Hollywood in "
@@ -6467,7 +6467,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 90 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4449
+#: freeculture.xml:4453
 msgid ""
 "But the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Ninth Circuit.  And in "
 "its reversal, the Court clearly articulated its understanding of when and "
@@ -6476,14 +6476,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f23 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4468
+#: freeculture.xml:4472
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
 "Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, 431 (1984)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4458
+#: freeculture.xml:4462
 msgid ""
 "Sound policy, as well as history, supports our consistent deference to "
 "Congress when major technological innovations alter the market for "
@@ -6494,7 +6494,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4474
+#: freeculture.xml:4478
 msgid ""
 "Congress was asked to respond to the Supreme Court's decision.  But as with "
 "the plea of recording artists about radio broadcasts, Congress ignored the "
@@ -6504,77 +6504,77 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4485
+#: freeculture.xml:4489
 msgid "CASE"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4486
+#: freeculture.xml:4490
 msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS <quote>PIRATED</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4487
+#: freeculture.xml:4491
 msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4488
+#: freeculture.xml:4492
 msgid "RESPONSE OF CONGRESS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4493
+#: freeculture.xml:4497
 msgid "Recordings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4494
+#: freeculture.xml:4498
 msgid "Composers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4495 freeculture.xml:4507 freeculture.xml:4513
+#: freeculture.xml:4499 freeculture.xml:4511 freeculture.xml:4517
 msgid "No protection"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4496 freeculture.xml:4508
+#: freeculture.xml:4500 freeculture.xml:4512
 msgid "Statutory license"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4500
+#: freeculture.xml:4504
 msgid "Recording artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4501
+#: freeculture.xml:4505
 msgid "N/A"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4502 freeculture.xml:4514
+#: freeculture.xml:4506 freeculture.xml:4518
 msgid "Nothing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4506
+#: freeculture.xml:4510
 msgid "Broadcasters"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4511
+#: freeculture.xml:4515
 msgid "VCR"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4512
+#: freeculture.xml:4516
 msgid "Film creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4524
+#: freeculture.xml:4528
 msgid ""
 "These are the most important instances in our history, but there are other "
 "cases as well. The technology of digital audio tape (DAT), for example, was "
@@ -6591,7 +6591,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4521
+#: freeculture.xml:4525
 msgid ""
 "In each case throughout our history, a new technology changed the way "
 "content was distributed.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In each "
@@ -6601,7 +6601,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 91 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4542
+#: freeculture.xml:4546
 msgid ""
 "In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these cases did either the courts or "
 "Congress eliminate all free riding. In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these "
@@ -6615,7 +6615,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4555
+#: freeculture.xml:4559
 msgid ""
 "When you think across these examples, and the other examples that make up "
 "the first four chapters of this section, this balance makes sense. Was Walt "
@@ -6628,20 +6628,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4566
+#: freeculture.xml:4570
 msgid "on balance of interests in copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f25 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4573
+#: freeculture.xml:4577
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
 "Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4568
+#: freeculture.xml:4572
 msgid ""
 "We could answer yes to each of these questions, but our tradition has "
 "answered no. In our tradition, as the Supreme Court has stated, copyright "
@@ -6655,7 +6655,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4584
+#: freeculture.xml:4588
 msgid ""
 "We should be doing the same thing today. The technology of the Internet is "
 "changing quickly. The way people connect to the Internet (wires "
@@ -6672,7 +6672,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4608
+#: freeculture.xml:4612
 msgid ""
 "John Schwartz, <quote>New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software "
 "Echoes Past Efforts,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22 "
@@ -6680,7 +6680,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4600
+#: freeculture.xml:4604
 msgid ""
 "This is especially true when a new technology enables a vastly superior mode "
 "of distribution. And this p2p has done. P2p technologies can be ideally "
@@ -6692,7 +6692,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4613
+#: freeculture.xml:4617
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Yet when anyone</emphasis> begins to talk about "
 "<quote>balance,</quote> the copyright warriors raise a different "
@@ -6706,7 +6706,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4625
+#: freeculture.xml:4629
 msgid ""
 "<quote>It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,</quote> the warriors "
 "insist. <quote>And it should be protected just as any other property is "
@@ -6714,13 +6714,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4634
+#: freeculture.xml:4638
 msgid "<quote>PROPERTY</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 94 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4639
+#: freeculture.xml:4643
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The copyright warriors</emphasis> are right: A "
 "copyright is a kind of property. It can be owned and sold, and the law "
@@ -6730,7 +6730,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4646
+#: freeculture.xml:4650
 msgid ""
 "But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a <quote>property</quote> "
 "right is a bit misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of "
@@ -6744,13 +6744,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4657 freeculture.xml:6348 freeculture.xml:13995
+#: freeculture.xml:4661 freeculture.xml:6352 freeculture.xml:14055
 msgid "Jefferson, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4672
+#: freeculture.xml:4676
 msgid ""
 "Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson (13 August 1813) in "
 "<citetitle>The Writings of Thomas Jefferson</citetitle>, vol. 6 (Andrew "
@@ -6758,7 +6758,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4659
+#: freeculture.xml:4663
 msgid ""
 "The point is not just about the thingness of picnic tables versus ideas, "
 "though that's an important difference. The point instead is that in the "
@@ -6774,12 +6774,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4677
+#: freeculture.xml:4681
 msgid "intangibility of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4679
+#: freeculture.xml:4683
 msgid ""
 "The exceptions to free use are ideas and expressions within the reach of the "
 "law of patent and copyright, and a few other domains that I won't discuss "
@@ -6789,7 +6789,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4692
+#: freeculture.xml:4696
 msgid ""
 "As the legal realists taught American law, all property rights are "
 "intangible.  A property right is simply a right that an individual has "
@@ -6801,7 +6801,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4687
+#: freeculture.xml:4691
 msgid ""
 "But how, and to what extent, and in what form&mdash;the details, in other "
 "words&mdash;matter. To get a good sense of how this practice of turning the "
@@ -6811,7 +6811,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4702
+#: freeculture.xml:4706
 msgid ""
 "My strategy in doing this will be the same as my strategy in the preceding "
 "part. I offer four stories to help put the idea of <quote>copyright material "
@@ -6824,32 +6824,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4715
+#: freeculture.xml:4719
 msgid "CHAPTER SIX: Founders"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4716
+#: freeculture.xml:4720
 msgid "English copyright law developed for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4717 freeculture.xml:4870
+#: freeculture.xml:4721 freeculture.xml:4874
 msgid "Branagh, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4718
+#: freeculture.xml:4722
 msgid "Henry V"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4720
+#: freeculture.xml:4724
 msgid "Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4722
+#: freeculture.xml:4726
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>William Shakespeare</emphasis> wrote "
 "<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. The play was first "
@@ -6863,27 +6863,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4733
+#: freeculture.xml:4737
 msgid "Conger"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4734
+#: freeculture.xml:4738
 msgid "Tonson, Jacob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4740
+#: freeculture.xml:4744
 msgid "Jonson, Ben"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4741
+#: freeculture.xml:4745
 msgid "Dryden, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4740
+#: freeculture.xml:4744
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with "
@@ -6898,7 +6898,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4753
+#: freeculture.xml:4757
 msgid ""
 "Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical "
 "Perspective</citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), "
@@ -6907,7 +6907,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 97 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4736
+#: freeculture.xml:4740
 msgid ""
 "In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
 "written, the <quote>copy-right</quote> for the work was still thought by "
@@ -6923,17 +6923,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4765
+#: freeculture.xml:4769
 msgid "British Parliament"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4766 freeculture.xml:4848 freeculture.xml:6928
+#: freeculture.xml:4770 freeculture.xml:4852 freeculture.xml:6932
 msgid "Statute of Anne (1710)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4777
+#: freeculture.xml:4781
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely "
 "argues, it is erroneous to call this a <quote>copyright law.</quote> See "
@@ -6941,7 +6941,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4768
+#: freeculture.xml:4772
 msgid ""
 "Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
 "little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
@@ -6956,12 +6956,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4786
+#: freeculture.xml:4790
 msgid "Licensing Act (1662)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4788
+#: freeculture.xml:4792
 msgid ""
 "The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a "
 "<quote>copyright</quote> was&mdash;indeed, no one had. At the time the "
@@ -6974,7 +6974,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4799
+#: freeculture.xml:4803
 msgid ""
 "There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
 "there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
@@ -6990,7 +6990,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 98 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4811
+#: freeculture.xml:4815
 msgid ""
 "This question was important to the publishers, or "
 "<quote>booksellers,</quote> as they were called, because there was growing "
@@ -7002,7 +7002,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4823
+#: freeculture.xml:4827
 msgid ""
 "The Statute of Anne granted the author or <quote>proprietor</quote> of a "
 "book an exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, "
@@ -7013,7 +7013,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4832
+#: freeculture.xml:4836
 msgid ""
 "Now, the thing to puzzle about for a moment is this: Why would Parliament "
 "limit the exclusive right? Not why would they limit it to the particular "
@@ -7022,7 +7022,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4838
+#: freeculture.xml:4842
 msgid ""
 "For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "
 "strong claim. Take <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> as an example: "
@@ -7036,7 +7036,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4850
+#: freeculture.xml:4854
 msgid ""
 "The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "
 "the notion of <quote>copyright</quote> that existed at the time of the "
@@ -7046,7 +7046,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 99 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4856
+#: freeculture.xml:4860
 msgid ""
 "First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
 "apply the concept of <quote>copyright</quote> ever more broadly. But in "
@@ -7062,7 +7062,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4872
+#: freeculture.xml:4876
 msgid ""
 "So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
 "perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the term "
@@ -7075,17 +7075,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4881
+#: freeculture.xml:4885
 msgid "Henry VIII, King of England"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4882
+#: freeculture.xml:4886
 msgid "Statute of Monopolies (1656)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4884
+#: freeculture.xml:4888
 msgid ""
 "Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British.  They had "
 "had a long and ugly experience with <quote>exclusive rights,</quote> "
@@ -7100,7 +7100,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4897
+#: freeculture.xml:4901
 msgid ""
 "Thus the <quote>copy-right,</quote> when viewed as a monopoly right, was "
 "naturally viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the "
@@ -7112,20 +7112,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4905
+#: freeculture.xml:4909
 msgid "booksellers, English"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4922
+#: freeculture.xml:4926
 msgid ""
 "Philip Wittenberg, <citetitle>The Protection and Marketing of Literary "
 "Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4907
+#: freeculture.xml:4911
 msgid ""
 "Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a "
 "monopoly. It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers.  "
@@ -7141,7 +7141,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4927
+#: freeculture.xml:4931
 msgid ""
 "Many believed the power the booksellers exercised over the spread of "
 "knowledge was harming that spread, just at the time the Enlightenment was "
@@ -7151,7 +7151,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4935
+#: freeculture.xml:4939
 msgid ""
 "To balance this power, Parliament decided to increase competition among "
 "booksellers, and the simplest way to do that was to spread the wealth of "
@@ -7165,7 +7165,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4947
+#: freeculture.xml:4951
 msgid ""
 "When 1731 (1710 + 21) came along, however, the booksellers were getting "
 "anxious. They saw the consequences of more competition, and like every "
@@ -7177,7 +7177,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4956
+#: freeculture.xml:4960
 msgid ""
 "Parliament rejected their requests. As one pamphleteer put it, in words that "
 "echo today,"
@@ -7185,7 +7185,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4971
+#: freeculture.xml:4975
 msgid ""
 "A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the Bill now depending in the "
 "House of Commons, for making more effectual an Act in the Eighth Year of the "
@@ -7197,7 +7197,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4961
+#: freeculture.xml:4965
 msgid ""
 "I see no Reason for granting a further Term now, which will not hold as well "
 "for granting it again and again, as often as the Old ones Expire; so that "
@@ -7209,7 +7209,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4982
+#: freeculture.xml:4986
 msgid ""
 "Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a series "
 "of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of Anne gave "
@@ -7226,12 +7226,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4996 freeculture.xml:5004 freeculture.xml:5051
+#: freeculture.xml:5000 freeculture.xml:5008 freeculture.xml:5055
 msgid "Patterson, Raymond"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5004
+#: freeculture.xml:5008
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, <quote>Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair "
@@ -7240,7 +7240,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4998
+#: freeculture.xml:5002
 msgid ""
 "This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
 "leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah.  Until "
@@ -7253,14 +7253,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5018
+#: freeculture.xml:5022
 msgid ""
 "For a compelling account, see David Saunders, <citetitle>Authorship and "
 "Copyright</citetitle> (London: Routledge, 1992), 62&ndash;69."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5014
+#: freeculture.xml:5018
 msgid ""
 "The booksellers' argument was not accepted without a fight.  The hero of "
 "this fight was a Scottish bookseller named Alexander Donaldson.<placeholder "
@@ -7268,22 +7268,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5022
+#: freeculture.xml:5026
 msgid "Boswell, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5023
+#: freeculture.xml:5027
 msgid "Erskine, Andrew"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5032 freeculture.xml:15158
+#: freeculture.xml:5036 freeculture.xml:15218
 msgid "Rose, Mark"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5030
+#: freeculture.xml:5034
 msgid ""
 "Mark Rose, <citetitle>Authors and Owners</citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard "
 "University Press, 1993), 92.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
@@ -7291,12 +7291,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5041
+#: freeculture.xml:5045
 msgid "Ibid., 93."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5025
+#: freeculture.xml:5029
 msgid ""
 "Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
 "Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints "
@@ -7310,7 +7310,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5051
+#: freeculture.xml:5055
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, "
 "<citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</citetitle>, 167 (quoting "
@@ -7318,7 +7318,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5045
+#: freeculture.xml:5049
 msgid ""
 "When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
 "he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "
@@ -7330,7 +7330,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5060
+#: freeculture.xml:5064
 msgid ""
 "The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block <quote>piracy</quote> "
 "like Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the "
@@ -7339,18 +7339,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5064
+#: freeculture.xml:5068
 msgid "Seasons, The (Thomson)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5065
+#: freeculture.xml:5069
 msgid "Taylor, Robert"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5074
+#: freeculture.xml:5078
 msgid ""
 "Howard B. Abrams, <quote>The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
 "Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>Wayne Law "
@@ -7358,7 +7358,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5067
+#: freeculture.xml:5071
 msgid ""
 "Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
 "Thomson's poem <quote>The Seasons.</quote> Millar complied with the "
@@ -7370,7 +7370,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5081
+#: freeculture.xml:5085
 msgid ""
 "Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
 "history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
@@ -7385,7 +7385,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 103 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5092
+#: freeculture.xml:5096
 msgid ""
 "Considered as a matter of abstract justice&mdash;reasoning as if justice "
 "were just a matter of logical deduction from first "
@@ -7400,25 +7400,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5107
+#: freeculture.xml:5111
 msgid ""
 "The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
 "however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5110
+#: freeculture.xml:5114
 msgid "Beckett, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5116
+#: freeculture.xml:5120
 msgid "Ibid., 1156."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5112
+#: freeculture.xml:5116
 msgid ""
 "Millar died soon after his victory, so his case was not appealed. His estate "
 "sold Thomson's poems to a syndicate of printers that included Thomas "
@@ -7432,7 +7432,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5126
+#: freeculture.xml:5130
 msgid ""
 "As few legal cases ever do, <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> drew an enormous amount of attention "
@@ -7445,7 +7445,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5136
+#: freeculture.xml:5140
 msgid ""
 "The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "
 "the House and voted upon first by the <quote>law lords,</quote> members of "
@@ -7456,7 +7456,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 104 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5143
+#: freeculture.xml:5147
 msgid ""
 "The reports about the law lords' votes are mixed. On some counts, it looks "
 "as if perpetual copyright prevailed. But there is no ambiguity about how the "
@@ -7468,27 +7468,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5161
+#: freeculture.xml:5165
 msgid "Bacon, Francis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5162
+#: freeculture.xml:5166
 msgid "Bunyan, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5163
+#: freeculture.xml:5167
 msgid "Johnson, Samuel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5164
+#: freeculture.xml:5168
 msgid "Milton, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5153
+#: freeculture.xml:5157
 msgid ""
 "<quote>The public domain.</quote> Before the case of "
 "<citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there "
@@ -7505,12 +7505,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5178
+#: freeculture.xml:5182
 msgid "Rose, 97."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5168
+#: freeculture.xml:5172
 msgid ""
 "It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
 "an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "
@@ -7525,7 +7525,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5182
+#: freeculture.xml:5186
 msgid ""
 "In London, however, at least among publishers, the reaction was equally "
 "strong in the opposite direction. The <citetitle>Morning "
@@ -7533,7 +7533,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5188
+#: freeculture.xml:5192
 msgid ""
 "By the above decision &hellip; near 200,000 pounds worth of what was "
 "honestly purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property "
@@ -7547,7 +7547,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 105 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5203
+#: freeculture.xml:5207
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Ruined</quote> is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an "
 "exaggeration to say that the change was profound. The decision of the House "
@@ -7570,7 +7570,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5225
+#: freeculture.xml:5229
 msgid ""
 "At least, this was the rule in a world where the Parliament is antimonopoly, "
 "resistant to the protectionist pleas of publishers. In a world where the "
@@ -7578,12 +7578,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5235
+#: freeculture.xml:5239
 msgid "CHAPTER SEVEN: Recorders"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5237
+#: freeculture.xml:5241
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Jon Else</emphasis> is a filmmaker. He is best known "
 "for his documentaries and has been very successful in spreading his art. He "
@@ -7593,19 +7593,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5244
+#: freeculture.xml:5248
 msgid ""
 "Else worked on a documentary that I was involved in. At a break, he told me "
 "a story about the freedom to create with film in America today."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5255 freeculture.xml:5318
+#: freeculture.xml:5259 freeculture.xml:5322
 msgid "San Francisco Opera"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5249
+#: freeculture.xml:5253
 msgid ""
 "In 1990, Else was working on a documentary about Wagner's Ring Cycle. The "
 "focus was stagehands at the San Francisco Opera.  Stagehands are a "
@@ -7617,7 +7617,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 107 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5258
+#: freeculture.xml:5262
 msgid ""
 "During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
 "checkers. In one corner of the room was a television set.  Playing on the "
@@ -7628,7 +7628,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5267
+#: freeculture.xml:5271
 msgid ""
 "Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
 "attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
@@ -7639,12 +7639,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5273 freeculture.xml:5281
+#: freeculture.xml:5277 freeculture.xml:5285
 msgid "Gracie Films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5275
+#: freeculture.xml:5279
 msgid ""
 "Else called <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> creator Matt Groening's office "
 "to get permission.  Groening approved the shot. The shot was a "
@@ -7654,7 +7654,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5283
+#: freeculture.xml:5287
 msgid ""
 "Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted to be "
 "careful. So they told Else to contact Fox, Gracie's parent company.  Else "
@@ -7664,7 +7664,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5290
+#: freeculture.xml:5294
 msgid ""
 "Then, as Else told me, <quote>two things happened. First we discovered "
 "&hellip; that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation&mdash;or at least "
@@ -7675,12 +7675,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5297
+#: freeculture.xml:5301
 msgid "Herrera, Rebecca"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5299
+#: freeculture.xml:5303
 msgid ""
 "Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
 "thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera.  He explained "
@@ -7692,7 +7692,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 108 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5307
+#: freeculture.xml:5311
 msgid ""
 "<quote>I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,</quote> he told "
 "me. <quote>Yes, you have your facts straight,</quote> she said. It would "
@@ -7704,12 +7704,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5319
+#: freeculture.xml:5323
 msgid "Day After Trinity, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5321
+#: freeculture.xml:5325
 msgid ""
 "Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
 "the television backstage at the San Francisco Opera. To reproduce this "
@@ -7720,7 +7720,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5329
+#: freeculture.xml:5333
 msgid ""
 "There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "
 "copyright to <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>. That copyright is their "
@@ -7734,7 +7734,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5340
+#: freeculture.xml:5344
 msgid ""
 "For example, <quote>public performance</quote> is a use of <citetitle>The "
 "Simpsons</citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a "
@@ -7747,7 +7747,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5352
+#: freeculture.xml:5356
 msgid ""
 "For an excellent argument that such use is <quote>fair use,</quote> but that "
 "lawyers don't permit recognition that it is <quote>fair use,</quote> see "
@@ -7757,7 +7757,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5349
+#: freeculture.xml:5353
 msgid ""
 "But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
 "is <quote>fair use.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's "
@@ -7769,14 +7769,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 109 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5364
+#: freeculture.xml:5368
 msgid ""
 "So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon <quote>fair use.</quote> Here's "
 "his reply:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5368
+#: freeculture.xml:5372
 msgid ""
 "The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
 "gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what "
@@ -7788,7 +7788,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5378
+#: freeculture.xml:5382
 msgid ""
 "Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
 "and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed <quote>visual cue "
@@ -7798,18 +7798,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5385
+#: freeculture.xml:5389
 msgid "<citetitle>Star Wars</citetitle>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5386
+#: freeculture.xml:5390
 msgid "Lucas, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5389
+#: freeculture.xml:5393
 msgid ""
 "I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But I "
 "knew (at least from folklore) that Fox had a history of tracking down and "
@@ -7825,7 +7825,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  3. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 110 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5401
+#: freeculture.xml:5405
 msgid ""
 "I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "
 "&hellip; who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
@@ -7836,14 +7836,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5411
+#: freeculture.xml:5415
 msgid ""
 "The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
 "are up against a release deadline and out of money."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5418
+#: freeculture.xml:5422
 msgid ""
 "In theory, fair use means you need no permission. The theory therefore "
 "supports free culture and insulates against a permission culture.  But in "
@@ -7854,7 +7854,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5426
+#: freeculture.xml:5430
 msgid ""
 "This practice shows just how far the law has come from its "
 "eighteenth-century roots. The law was born as a shield to protect "
@@ -7863,22 +7863,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5435
+#: freeculture.xml:5439
 msgid "CHAPTER EIGHT: Transformers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5436
+#: freeculture.xml:5440
 msgid "Allen, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5437 freeculture.xml:5497 freeculture.xml:5682 freeculture.xml:10158 freeculture.xml:14525
+#: freeculture.xml:5441 freeculture.xml:5501 freeculture.xml:5686 freeculture.xml:10206 freeculture.xml:14585
 msgid "Alben, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5440
+#: freeculture.xml:5444
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1993</emphasis>, Alex Alben was a lawyer working "
 "at Starwave, Inc.  Starwave was an innovative company founded by Microsoft "
@@ -7888,17 +7888,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5447
+#: freeculture.xml:5451
 msgid "retrospective compilations on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5448
+#: freeculture.xml:5452
 msgid "CD-ROMs, film clips used in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5450
+#: freeculture.xml:5454
 msgid ""
 "Alben had a special interest in new technology. He was intrigued by the "
 "emerging market for CD-ROM technology&mdash;not to distribute film, but to "
@@ -7910,7 +7910,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5460
+#: freeculture.xml:5464
 msgid ""
 "At that time, Eastwood had made more than fifty films, as an actor and as a "
 "director. Alben began with a series of interviews with Eastwood, asking him "
@@ -7920,7 +7920,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 112 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5467
+#: freeculture.xml:5471
 msgid ""
 "That alone would not have made a very interesting product, so Starwave "
 "wanted to add content from the movies in Eastwood's career: posters, "
@@ -7930,7 +7930,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5474
+#: freeculture.xml:5478
 msgid ""
 "Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. <quote>Our "
 "goal was that we were going to have a clip from every one of Eastwood's "
@@ -7941,19 +7941,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5482
+#: freeculture.xml:5486
 msgid ""
 "Alben brought the idea to Michael Slade, the CEO of Starwave.  Slade asked, "
 "<quote>Well, what will it take?</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5496
+#: freeculture.xml:5500
 msgid "publicity rights on images of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5492
+#: freeculture.xml:5496
 msgid ""
 "Technically, the rights that Alben had to clear were mainly those of "
 "publicity&mdash;rights an artist has to control the commercial exploitation "
@@ -7963,7 +7963,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5486
+#: freeculture.xml:5490
 msgid ""
 "Alben replied, <quote>Well, we're going to have to clear rights from "
 "everyone who appears in these films, and the music and everything else that "
@@ -7972,7 +7972,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5501
+#: freeculture.xml:5505
 msgid ""
 "The problem was that neither Alben nor Slade had any idea what clearing "
 "those rights would mean. Every actor in each of the films could have a claim "
@@ -7982,7 +7982,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5508
+#: freeculture.xml:5512
 msgid ""
 "I asked Alben how he dealt with the problem. With an obvious pride in his "
 "resourcefulness that obscured the obvious bizarreness of his tale, Alben "
@@ -7990,7 +7990,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5514
+#: freeculture.xml:5518
 msgid ""
 "So we very mechanically went about looking up the film clips.  We made some "
 "artistic decisions about what film clips to include&mdash;of course we were "
@@ -8002,7 +8002,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 113 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5523
+#: freeculture.xml:5527
 msgid ""
 "We decided that it would be fair if we offered them the dayplayer rate for "
 "the right to reuse that performance. We're talking about a clip of less than "
@@ -8015,12 +8015,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5534
+#: freeculture.xml:5538
 msgid "Sutherland, Donald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5536
+#: freeculture.xml:5540
 msgid ""
 "Some actors were glad to help&mdash;Donald Sutherland, for example, followed "
 "up himself to be sure that the rights had been cleared.  Others were "
@@ -8033,14 +8033,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5547
+#: freeculture.xml:5551
 msgid ""
 "It was one <emphasis>year</emphasis> later&mdash;<quote>and even then we "
 "weren't sure whether we were totally in the clear.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5551
+#: freeculture.xml:5555
 msgid ""
 "Alben is proud of his work. The project was the first of its kind and the "
 "only time he knew of that a team had undertaken such a massive project for "
@@ -8048,7 +8048,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5557
+#: freeculture.xml:5561
 msgid ""
 "Everyone thought it would be too hard. Everyone just threw up their hands "
 "and said, <quote>Oh, my gosh, a film, it's so many copyrights, there's the "
@@ -8061,20 +8061,20 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 114 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5569
+#: freeculture.xml:5573
 msgid ""
 "And no doubt, the product itself was exceptionally good. Eastwood loved it, "
 "and it sold very well."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5572
+#: freeculture.xml:5576
 msgid "Drucker, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5580
+#: freeculture.xml:5584
 msgid ""
 "U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Acquisition Management, "
 "<citetitle>Seven Steps to Performance-Based Services "
@@ -8083,7 +8083,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5574
+#: freeculture.xml:5578
 msgid ""
 "But I pressed Alben about how weird it seems that it would have to take a "
 "year's work simply to clear rights. No doubt Alben had done this "
@@ -8094,7 +8094,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5588
+#: freeculture.xml:5592
 msgid ""
 "For, as he acknowledged, <quote>very few &hellip; have the time and "
 "resources, and the will to do this,</quote> and thus, very few such works "
@@ -8104,7 +8104,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5596
+#: freeculture.xml:5600
 msgid ""
 "I don't think so. When an actor renders a performance in a movie, he or she "
 "gets paid very well. &hellip; And then when 30 seconds of that performance "
@@ -8113,7 +8113,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5604
+#: freeculture.xml:5608
 msgid ""
 "Or at least, is this <emphasis>how</emphasis> the artist should be "
 "compensated? Would it make sense, I asked, for there to be some kind of "
@@ -8126,7 +8126,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 115 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5615
+#: freeculture.xml:5619
 msgid ""
 "Absolutely. I think that if there were some fair-licensing "
 "mechanism&mdash;where you weren't subject to hold-ups and you weren't "
@@ -8147,7 +8147,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5635
+#: freeculture.xml:5639
 msgid ""
 "Alben worked for a big company. His company was backed by some of the "
 "richest investors in the world. He therefore had authority and access that "
@@ -8157,7 +8157,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5644
+#: freeculture.xml:5648
 msgid ""
 "These costs are the burdens of a kind of regulation. Put on a Republican hat "
 "for a moment, and get angry for a bit. The government defines the scope of "
@@ -8172,7 +8172,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 116 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5657
+#: freeculture.xml:5661
 msgid ""
 "I've seen the flash of recognition when people get this point, but only a "
 "few times. The first was at a conference of federal judges in California.  "
@@ -8183,7 +8183,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5667
+#: freeculture.xml:5671
 msgid ""
 "The video was a brilliant collage of film from every period in the twentieth "
 "century, all framed around the idea of a <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> "
@@ -8192,12 +8192,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5672
+#: freeculture.xml:5676
 msgid "Nimmer, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5674
+#: freeculture.xml:5678
 msgid ""
 "When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
 "perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
@@ -8208,12 +8208,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5681
+#: freeculture.xml:5685
 msgid "Boies, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5684
+#: freeculture.xml:5688
 msgid ""
 "For of course, the two brilliantly talented creators who made this film "
 "hadn't done what Alben did. They hadn't spent a year clearing the rights to "
@@ -8230,7 +8230,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5699
+#: freeculture.xml:5703
 msgid ""
 "We live in a <quote>cut and paste</quote> culture enabled by "
 "technology. Anyone building a presentation knows the extraordinary freedom "
@@ -8240,13 +8240,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5705
+#: freeculture.xml:5709
 msgid "Camp Chaos"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 117 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5707
+#: freeculture.xml:5711
 msgid ""
 "But presentations are just a tiny beginning. Using the Internet and its "
 "archives, musicians are able to string together mixes of sound never before "
@@ -8259,7 +8259,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5718
+#: freeculture.xml:5722
 msgid ""
 "All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators wanted "
 "to be <quote>legal,</quote> the cost of complying with the law is impossibly "
@@ -8269,7 +8269,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5725
+#: freeculture.xml:5729
 msgid ""
 "To some, these stories suggest a solution: Let's alter the mix of rights so "
 "that people are free to build upon our culture. Free to add or mix as they "
@@ -8286,7 +8286,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5740
+#: freeculture.xml:5744
 msgid ""
 "Who could possibly object to this? And what reason would there be for "
 "objecting? We're talking about work that is not now being made; which if "
@@ -8296,7 +8296,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 118 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5746
+#: freeculture.xml:5750
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In February 2003</emphasis>, DreamWorks studios "
 "announced an agreement with Mike Myers, the comic genius of "
@@ -8310,7 +8310,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5759
+#: freeculture.xml:5763
 msgid ""
 "The announcement called this <quote>film sampling.</quote> As Myers "
 "explained, <quote>Film Sampling is an exciting way to put an original spin "
@@ -8322,7 +8322,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5768
+#: freeculture.xml:5772
 msgid ""
 "Spielberg is right. Film sampling by Myers will be brilliant. But if you "
 "don't think about it, you might miss the truly astonishing point about this "
@@ -8335,7 +8335,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5778
+#: freeculture.xml:5782
 msgid ""
 "This privilege becomes reserved for two sorts of reasons. The first "
 "continues the story of the last chapter: the vagueness of <quote>fair "
@@ -8351,22 +8351,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5793
+#: freeculture.xml:5797
 msgid "CHAPTER NINE: Collectors"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5794 freeculture.xml:8952 freeculture.xml:11177 freeculture.xml:11422
+#: freeculture.xml:5798 freeculture.xml:8956 freeculture.xml:11237 freeculture.xml:11482
 msgid "archives, digital"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5795 freeculture.xml:8251
+#: freeculture.xml:5799 freeculture.xml:8255
 msgid "bots"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5797
+#: freeculture.xml:5801
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In April 1996</emphasis>, millions of "
 "<quote>bots</quote>&mdash;computer codes designed to <quote>spider,</quote> "
@@ -8379,12 +8379,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5807 freeculture.xml:5838 freeculture.xml:5900
+#: freeculture.xml:5811 freeculture.xml:5842 freeculture.xml:5904
 msgid "Way Back Machine"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5809
+#: freeculture.xml:5813
 msgid ""
 "By October 2001, the bots had collected more than five years of copies. And "
 "at a small announcement in Berkeley, California, the archive that these "
@@ -8395,12 +8395,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5816
+#: freeculture.xml:5820
 msgid "Orwell, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5818
+#: freeculture.xml:5822
 msgid ""
 "This is the thing about the Internet that Orwell would have appreciated.  In "
 "the dystopia described in <citetitle>1984</citetitle>, old newspapers were "
@@ -8410,7 +8410,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 120 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5826
+#: freeculture.xml:5830
 msgid ""
 "Thousands of workers constantly reedited the past, meaning there was no way "
 "ever to know whether the story you were reading today was the story that was "
@@ -8418,7 +8418,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5831
+#: freeculture.xml:5835
 msgid ""
 "It's the same with the Internet. If you go to a Web page today, there's no "
 "way for you to know whether the content you are reading is the same as the "
@@ -8428,12 +8428,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5847
+#: freeculture.xml:5851
 msgid "White House press releases"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5846
+#: freeculture.xml:5850
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the "
@@ -8444,7 +8444,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5840
+#: freeculture.xml:5844
 msgid ""
 "Until the Way Back Machine, at least. With the Way Back Machine, and the "
 "Internet Archive underlying it, you can see what the Internet was. You have "
@@ -8454,12 +8454,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5855
+#: freeculture.xml:5859
 msgid "history, records of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5857
+#: freeculture.xml:5861
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>We take it</emphasis> for granted that we can go "
 "back to see what we remember reading. Think about newspapers. If you wanted "
@@ -8472,7 +8472,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5868
+#: freeculture.xml:5872
 msgid ""
 "It is said that those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat "
 "it. That's not quite correct. We <emphasis>all</emphasis> forget "
@@ -8485,7 +8485,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 121 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5877
+#: freeculture.xml:5881
 msgid ""
 "The Internet was an exception to this presumption. Until the Internet "
 "Archive, there was no way to go back. The Internet was the quintessentially "
@@ -8497,7 +8497,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5888
+#: freeculture.xml:5892
 msgid ""
 "Brewster Kahle is the founder of the Internet Archive. He was a very "
 "successful Internet entrepreneur after he was a successful computer "
@@ -8509,33 +8509,33 @@ msgid ""
 "was growing at about a billion pages a month."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5897 freeculture.xml:5952
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5901 freeculture.xml:5956 freeculture.xml:10191
 msgid "Library of Congress"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5898
+#: freeculture.xml:5902
 msgid "Television Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5899
+#: freeculture.xml:5903
 msgid "Vanderbilt University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5901 freeculture.xml:13840
+#: freeculture.xml:5905 freeculture.xml:13900
 msgid "libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5901
+#: freeculture.xml:5905
 msgid "archival function of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5904
+#: freeculture.xml:5908
 msgid ""
 "The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in human "
 "history. At the end of 2002, it held <quote>two hundred and thirty terabytes "
@@ -8555,18 +8555,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5921
+#: freeculture.xml:5925
 msgid "Quayle, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5922
+#: freeculture.xml:5926
 msgid "60 Minutes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 122 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5924
+#: freeculture.xml:5928
 msgid ""
 "Do you remember when Dan Quayle was interacting with Murphy Brown? Remember "
 "that back and forth surreal experience of a politician interacting with a "
@@ -8578,17 +8578,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5935
+#: freeculture.xml:5939
 msgid "newspapers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5935
+#: freeculture.xml:5939
 msgid "archives of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5937
+#: freeculture.xml:5941
 msgid ""
 "Why is that? Why is it that the part of our culture that is recorded in "
 "newspapers remains perpetually accessible, while the part that is recorded "
@@ -8599,7 +8599,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5945
+#: freeculture.xml:5949
 msgid ""
 "In part, this is because of the law. Early in American copyright law, "
 "copyright owners were required to deposit copies of their work in "
@@ -8609,13 +8609,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5953 freeculture.xml:5997
+#: freeculture.xml:5957 freeculture.xml:6001
 msgid "archive of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5964
+#: freeculture.xml:5968
 msgid ""
 "Doug Herrick, <quote>Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at "
 "the Library of Congress,</quote> <citetitle>Film Library "
@@ -8625,7 +8625,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5955
+#: freeculture.xml:5959
 msgid ""
 "These rules applied to film as well. But in 1915, the Library of Congress "
 "made an exception for film. Film could be copyrighted so long as such "
@@ -8638,7 +8638,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5972
+#: freeculture.xml:5976
 msgid ""
 "The same is generally true about television. Television broadcasts were "
 "originally not copyrighted&mdash;there was no way to capture the broadcasts, "
@@ -8653,7 +8653,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 123 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5984
+#: freeculture.xml:5988
 msgid ""
 "Kahle was eager to correct this. Before September 11, 2001, he and his "
 "allies had started capturing television. They selected twenty stations from "
@@ -8665,37 +8665,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5994
+#: freeculture.xml:5998
 msgid "Movie Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5995
+#: freeculture.xml:5999
 msgid "archive.org"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5995 freeculture.xml:5998
+#: freeculture.xml:5999 freeculture.xml:6002
 msgid "Internet Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5999
+#: freeculture.xml:6003
 msgid "Duck and Cover film"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6000
+#: freeculture.xml:6004
 msgid "ephemeral films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6001
+#: freeculture.xml:6005
 msgid "Prelinger, Rick"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6003
+#: freeculture.xml:6007
 msgid ""
 "Kahle had the same idea with film. Working with Rick Prelinger, whose "
 "archive of film includes close to 45,000 <quote>ephemeral films</quote> "
@@ -8715,7 +8715,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6021
+#: freeculture.xml:6025
 msgid ""
 "Here again, Kahle is providing access to a part of our culture that we "
 "otherwise could not get easily, if at all. It is yet another part of what "
@@ -8725,7 +8725,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6029
+#: freeculture.xml:6033
 msgid ""
 "The key here is access, not price. Kahle wants to enable free access to this "
 "content, but he also wants to enable others to sell access to it. His aim is "
@@ -8736,7 +8736,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 124 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6037
+#: freeculture.xml:6041
 msgid ""
 "For here is an idea that we should more clearly recognize. Every bit of "
 "creative property goes through different <quote>lives.</quote> In its first "
@@ -8748,7 +8748,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6049
+#: freeculture.xml:6053
 msgid ""
 "After the commercial life of creative property has ended, our tradition has "
 "always supported a second life as well. A newspaper delivers the news every "
@@ -8759,7 +8759,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6062
+#: freeculture.xml:6066
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Dave Barns, <quote>Fledgling "
 "Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar Owner Starts a New Chapter "
@@ -8771,7 +8771,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6059
+#: freeculture.xml:6063
 msgid ""
 "The same has always been true about books. A book goes out of print very "
 "quickly (the average today is after about a year<placeholder "
@@ -8783,7 +8783,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6077
+#: freeculture.xml:6081
 msgid ""
 "Yet increasingly, any assumption about a stable second life for creative "
 "property does not hold true with the most important components of popular "
@@ -8797,7 +8797,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 125 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6088
+#: freeculture.xml:6092
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>For most of</emphasis> the twentieth century, it was "
 "economics that made this so. It would have been insanely expensive to "
@@ -8810,7 +8810,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6100
+#: freeculture.xml:6104
 msgid ""
 "Perhaps the single most important feature of the digital revolution is that "
 "for the first time since the Library of Alexandria, it is feasible to "
@@ -8821,7 +8821,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6108
+#: freeculture.xml:6112
 msgid ""
 "The scale of this potential archive is something we've never imagined "
 "before. The Brewster Kahles of our history have dreamed about it; but we are "
@@ -8830,12 +8830,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6114
+#: freeculture.xml:6118
 msgid "total number of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6116
+#: freeculture.xml:6120
 msgid ""
 "It looks like there's about two to three million recordings of music.  "
 "Ever. There are about a hundred thousand theatrical releases of movies, "
@@ -8852,7 +8852,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 126 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6131
+#: freeculture.xml:6135
 msgid ""
 "Kahle is not the only librarian. The Internet Archive is not the only "
 "archive. But Kahle and the Internet Archive suggest what the future of "
@@ -8868,7 +8868,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6146
+#: freeculture.xml:6150
 msgid ""
 "Technologists have thus removed the economic costs of building such an "
 "archive. But lawyers' costs remain. For as much as we might like to call "
@@ -8880,22 +8880,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6157
+#: freeculture.xml:6161
 msgid "CHAPTER TEN: <quote>Property</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6158
+#: freeculture.xml:6162
 msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6159 freeculture.xml:9914
+#: freeculture.xml:6163 freeculture.xml:9950
 msgid "Kennedy, John F."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6161
+#: freeculture.xml:6165
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Jack Valenti</emphasis> has been the president of "
 "the Motion Picture Association of America since 1966. He first came to "
@@ -8907,37 +8907,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6171
+#: freeculture.xml:6175
 msgid "Sony Pictures Entertainment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6172
+#: freeculture.xml:6176
 msgid "MGM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6173
+#: freeculture.xml:6177
 msgid "Paramount Pictures"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6174
+#: freeculture.xml:6178
 msgid "Twentieth Century Fox"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6175
+#: freeculture.xml:6179
 msgid "Universal Pictures"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6176 freeculture.xml:7622 freeculture.xml:7793
+#: freeculture.xml:6180 freeculture.xml:7626 freeculture.xml:7797
 msgid "Warner Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6178
+#: freeculture.xml:6182
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA is the American branch of the international Motion Picture "
 "Association. It was formed in 1922 as a trade association whose goal was to "
@@ -8952,7 +8952,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 128 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6191
+#: freeculture.xml:6195
 msgid ""
 "Valenti is only the third president of the MPAA. No president before him has "
 "had as much influence over that organization, or over Washington. As a "
@@ -8966,7 +8966,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6203
+#: freeculture.xml:6207
 msgid ""
 "In defending artistic liberty and the freedom of speech that our culture "
 "depends upon, the MPAA has done important good. In crafting the MPAA rating "
@@ -8978,13 +8978,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6212
+#: freeculture.xml:6216
 msgid "In 1982, Valenti's testimony to Congress captured the strategy perfectly:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6226
+#: freeculture.xml:6230
 msgid ""
 "Home Recording of Copyrighted Works: Hearings on H.R. 4783, H.R.  4794, "
 "H.R. 4808, H.R. 5250, H.R. 5488, and H.R. 5705 Before the Subcommittee on "
@@ -8994,7 +8994,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6217
+#: freeculture.xml:6221
 msgid ""
 "No matter the lengthy arguments made, no matter the charges and the "
 "counter-charges, no matter the tumult and the shouting, reasonable men and "
@@ -9008,7 +9008,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 129 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6236
+#: freeculture.xml:6240
 msgid ""
 "The strategy of this rhetoric, like the strategy of most of Valenti's "
 "rhetoric, is brilliant and simple and brilliant because simple. The "
@@ -9020,7 +9020,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6247
+#: freeculture.xml:6251
 msgid ""
 "This claim has an obvious and powerful intuitive pull. It is stated with "
 "such clarity as to make the idea as obvious as the notion that we use "
@@ -9036,7 +9036,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6262
+#: freeculture.xml:6266
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers speak of <quote>property</quote> not as an absolute thing, but as a "
 "bundle of rights that are sometimes associated with a particular "
@@ -9049,7 +9049,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6259
+#: freeculture.xml:6263
 msgid ""
 "While <quote>creative property</quote> is certainly <quote>property</quote> "
 "in a nerdy and precise sense that lawyers are trained to "
@@ -9062,7 +9062,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6277
+#: freeculture.xml:6281
 msgid ""
 "Valenti knows this. But he speaks for an industry that cares squat for our "
 "tradition and the values it represents. He speaks for an industry that is "
@@ -9073,7 +9073,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 130 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6285
+#: freeculture.xml:6289
 msgid ""
 "I have two purposes in this chapter. The first is to convince you that, "
 "historically, Valenti's claim is absolutely wrong. The second is to convince "
@@ -9087,7 +9087,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6300
+#: freeculture.xml:6304
 msgid ""
 "Organizations such as the MPAA, whose board includes the most powerful of "
 "the old guard, have little interest, their rhetoric notwithstanding, in "
@@ -9099,7 +9099,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6309
+#: freeculture.xml:6313
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>To get</emphasis> just a hint that there is "
 "something fundamentally wrong in Valenti's argument, we need look no further "
@@ -9107,7 +9107,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6314
+#: freeculture.xml:6318
 msgid ""
 "The framers of our Constitution loved <quote>property.</quote> Indeed, so "
 "strongly did they love property that they built into the Constitution an "
@@ -9122,7 +9122,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 131 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6325
+#: freeculture.xml:6329
 msgid ""
 "Yet the very same Constitution speaks very differently about what Valenti "
 "calls <quote>creative property.</quote> In the clause granting Congress the "
@@ -9139,7 +9139,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6340
+#: freeculture.xml:6344
 msgid ""
 "The Constitution thus on its face states that these two forms of property "
 "are not to be accorded the same rights. They are plainly to be treated "
@@ -9150,7 +9150,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6350
+#: freeculture.xml:6354
 msgid ""
 "Arguing for a change in our Constitution is not necessarily wrong.  There "
 "was much in our original Constitution that was plainly wrong.  The "
@@ -9164,7 +9164,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6362
+#: freeculture.xml:6366
 msgid ""
 "Instead, my argument is that because Jefferson did it, we should at least "
 "try to understand <emphasis>why</emphasis>. Why did the framers, fanatical "
@@ -9174,7 +9174,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6372
+#: freeculture.xml:6376
 msgid ""
 "To answer this question, we need to get some perspective on the history of "
 "these <quote>creative property</quote> rights, and the control that they "
@@ -9190,7 +9190,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 132 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6387
+#: freeculture.xml:6391
 msgid ""
 "To answer these questions, we need a more general way to talk about how "
 "property is protected. More precisely, we need a more general way than the "
@@ -9202,19 +9202,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6396
+#: freeculture.xml:6400
 msgid ""
 "How four different modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken "
 "the right or regulation."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6397 freeculture.xml:6581 freeculture.xml:6888
+#: freeculture.xml:6401 freeculture.xml:6585 freeculture.xml:6892
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6400
+#: freeculture.xml:6404
 msgid ""
 "At the center of this picture is a regulated dot: the individual or group "
 "that is the target of regulation, or the holder of a right. (In each case "
@@ -9231,12 +9231,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6416 freeculture.xml:6475 freeculture.xml:6584
+#: freeculture.xml:6420 freeculture.xml:6479 freeculture.xml:6588
 msgid "norms, regulatory influence of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6418
+#: freeculture.xml:6422
 msgid ""
 "Norms are a different kind of constraint. They, too, punish an individual "
 "for violating a rule. But the punishment of a norm is imposed by a "
@@ -9249,12 +9249,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6428 freeculture.xml:6474 freeculture.xml:6564 freeculture.xml:6583 freeculture.xml:9539 freeculture.xml:9738
+#: freeculture.xml:6432 freeculture.xml:6478 freeculture.xml:6568 freeculture.xml:6587 freeculture.xml:9537 freeculture.xml:9769
 msgid "market constraints"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6430
+#: freeculture.xml:6434
 msgid ""
 "The market is a third type of constraint. Its constraint is effected through "
 "conditions: You can do X if you pay Y; you'll be paid M if you do N. These "
@@ -9266,12 +9266,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6439 freeculture.xml:6473 freeculture.xml:6522 freeculture.xml:6563
+#: freeculture.xml:6443 freeculture.xml:6477 freeculture.xml:6526 freeculture.xml:6567
 msgid "architecture, constraint effected through"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6441
+#: freeculture.xml:6445
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, "
 "<quote>architecture</quote>&mdash;the physical world as one finds "
@@ -9290,7 +9290,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 134 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6458
+#: freeculture.xml:6462
 msgid ""
 "So the first point about these four modalities of regulation is obvious: "
 "They interact. Restrictions imposed by one might be reinforced by "
@@ -9298,7 +9298,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6464
+#: freeculture.xml:6468
 msgid ""
 "The second point follows directly: If we want to understand the effective "
 "freedom that anyone has at a given moment to do any particular thing, we "
@@ -9310,12 +9310,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6472
+#: freeculture.xml:6476
 msgid "driving speed, constraints on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6477
+#: freeculture.xml:6481
 msgid ""
 "So, for example, consider the <quote>freedom</quote> to drive a car at a "
 "high speed. That freedom is in part restricted by laws: speed limits that "
@@ -9332,7 +9332,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6495
+#: freeculture.xml:6499
 msgid ""
 "By describing the way law affects the other three modalities, I don't mean "
 "to suggest that the other three don't affect law. Obviously, they do. Law's "
@@ -9346,7 +9346,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 135 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6491
+#: freeculture.xml:6495
 msgid ""
 "The final point about this simple model should also be fairly clear: While "
 "these four modalities are analytically independent, law has a special role "
@@ -9363,27 +9363,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6519
+#: freeculture.xml:6523
 msgid "Law has a special role in affecting the three."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6520
+#: freeculture.xml:6524
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6561
+#: freeculture.xml:6565
 msgid "Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6562
+#: freeculture.xml:6566
 msgid "Commons, John R."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6532
+#: freeculture.xml:6536
 msgid ""
 "Some people object to this way of talking about <quote>liberty.</quote> They "
 "object because their focus when considering the constraints that exist at "
@@ -9418,7 +9418,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6524
+#: freeculture.xml:6528
 msgid ""
 "These constraints can thus change, and they can be changed. To understand "
 "the effective protection of liberty or protection of property at any "
@@ -9429,12 +9429,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6568
+#: freeculture.xml:6572
 msgid "Why Hollywood Is Right"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6570
+#: freeculture.xml:6574
 msgid ""
 "The most obvious point that this model reveals is just why, or just how, "
 "Hollywood is right. The copyright warriors have rallied Congress and the "
@@ -9443,18 +9443,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6576
+#: freeculture.xml:6580
 msgid "Let's say this is the picture of copyright's regulation before the Internet:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6580 freeculture.xml:6887
+#: freeculture.xml:6584 freeculture.xml:6891
 msgid "Copyright's regulation before the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 136 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6587
+#: freeculture.xml:6591
 msgid ""
 "There is balance between law, norms, market, and architecture. The law "
 "limits the ability to copy and share content, by imposing penalties on those "
@@ -9468,7 +9468,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6599
+#: freeculture.xml:6603
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, or, more precisely, technologies such as MP3s and p2p "
 "sharing. Now the constraint of architecture changes dramatically, as does "
@@ -9480,7 +9480,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 137 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6607
+#: freeculture.xml:6611
 msgid ""
 "Thus the sense of, and justification for, the warriors' response.  "
 "Technology has changed, the warriors say, and the effect of this change, "
@@ -9491,17 +9491,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6617
+#: freeculture.xml:6621
 msgid "effective state of anarchy after the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6618
+#: freeculture.xml:6622
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6621
+#: freeculture.xml:6625
 msgid ""
 "Neither this analysis nor the conclusions that follow are new to the "
 "warriors. Indeed, in a <quote>White Paper</quote> prepared by the Commerce "
@@ -9515,13 +9515,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6632
+#: freeculture.xml:6636
 msgid "steel industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 138 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6634
+#: freeculture.xml:6638
 msgid ""
 "This mixed strategy is just what copyright needed&mdash;if it was to "
 "preserve the particular balance that existed before the change induced by "
@@ -9538,7 +9538,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6651
+#: freeculture.xml:6655
 msgid ""
 "Thus, there's nothing wrong or surprising in the content industry's campaign "
 "to protect itself from the harmful consequences of a technological "
@@ -9549,13 +9549,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6658
+#: freeculture.xml:6662
 msgid "railroad industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6670
+#: freeculture.xml:6674
 msgid ""
 "See Geoffrey Smith, <quote>Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a "
 "Bridge?</quote> BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink "
@@ -9567,7 +9567,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6662
+#: freeculture.xml:6666
 msgid ""
 "But just because a particular interest asks for government support, it "
 "doesn't follow that support should be granted. And just because technology "
@@ -9589,25 +9589,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6691 freeculture.xml:15101
+#: freeculture.xml:6695 freeculture.xml:15161
 msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:13320
+#: freeculture.xml:6696 freeculture.xml:13380
 msgid "Gates, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6704
+#: freeculture.xml:6708
 msgid ""
 "Fred Warshofsky, <citetitle>The Patent Wars</citetitle> (New York: Wiley, "
 "1994), 170&ndash;71."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6694
+#: freeculture.xml:6698
 msgid ""
 "The obvious answer to these obviously rhetorical questions is no.  In a free "
 "society, with a free market, supported by free enterprise and free trade, "
@@ -9625,7 +9625,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6715
+#: freeculture.xml:6719
 msgid ""
 "Thus, while it is understandable for industries threatened with new "
 "technologies that change the way they do business to look to the government "
@@ -9637,7 +9637,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6725
+#: freeculture.xml:6729
 msgid ""
 "In the context of laws regulating speech&mdash;which include, obviously, "
 "copyright law&mdash;that duty is even stronger. When the industry "
@@ -9654,7 +9654,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 140 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6739
+#: freeculture.xml:6743
 msgid ""
 "My argument just now, however, has nothing to do with whether the changes "
 "that are being pushed by the copyright warriors are "
@@ -9665,22 +9665,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6748
+#: freeculture.xml:6752
 msgid "Here's the metaphor that will capture the argument to follow."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6750
+#: freeculture.xml:6754
 msgid "DDT"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6751
+#: freeculture.xml:6755
 msgid "Müller, Paul Hermann"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6753
+#: freeculture.xml:6757
 msgid ""
 "In 1873, the chemical DDT was first synthesized. In 1948, Swiss chemist Paul "
 "Hermann Müller won the Nobel Prize for his work demonstrating the "
@@ -9690,7 +9690,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6760
+#: freeculture.xml:6764
 msgid ""
 "No one doubts that killing disease-carrying pests or increasing crop "
 "production is a good thing. No one doubts that the work of Müller was "
@@ -9698,17 +9698,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6764
+#: freeculture.xml:6768
 msgid "Carson, Rachel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6765
+#: freeculture.xml:6769
 msgid "Silent Sprint (Carson)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6767
+#: freeculture.xml:6771
 msgid ""
 "But in 1962, Rachel Carson published <citetitle>Silent Spring</citetitle>, "
 "which argued that DDT, whatever its primary benefits, was also having "
@@ -9717,7 +9717,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6773
+#: freeculture.xml:6777
 msgid ""
 "No one set out to destroy the environment. Paul Müller certainly did not aim "
 "to harm any birds. But the effort to solve one set of problems produced "
@@ -9729,13 +9729,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6781
+#: freeculture.xml:6785
 msgid "Boyle, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6787
+#: freeculture.xml:6791
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, James Boyle, <quote>A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
 "Environmentalism for the Net?</quote> <citetitle>Duke Law "
@@ -9744,7 +9744,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 141 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6783
+#: freeculture.xml:6787
 msgid ""
 "It is to this image precisely that Duke University law professor James Boyle "
 "appeals when he argues that we need an <quote>environmentalism</quote> for "
@@ -9762,7 +9762,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6804
+#: freeculture.xml:6808
 msgid ""
 "My argument, in the balance of this chapter, tries to map exactly this "
 "effect. No doubt the technology of the Internet has had a dramatic effect on "
@@ -9776,19 +9776,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6815
+#: freeculture.xml:6819
 msgid ""
 "In a line: To kill a gnat, we are spraying DDT with consequences for free "
 "culture that will be far more devastating than that this gnat will be lost."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6822
+#: freeculture.xml:6826
 msgid "Beginnings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6824
+#: freeculture.xml:6828
 msgid ""
 "America copied English copyright law. Actually, we copied and improved "
 "English copyright law. Our Constitution makes the purpose of <quote>creative "
@@ -9797,7 +9797,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6830
+#: freeculture.xml:6834
 msgid ""
 "The power to establish <quote>creative property</quote> rights is granted to "
 "Congress in a way that, for our Constitution, at least, is very odd. Article "
@@ -9806,7 +9806,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 142 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6835
+#: freeculture.xml:6839
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
 "by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right "
@@ -9820,7 +9820,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6848
+#: freeculture.xml:6852
 msgid ""
 "The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "
 "chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"founders\"/>, the "
@@ -9833,7 +9833,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6858
+#: freeculture.xml:6862
 msgid ""
 "The design of the Progress Clause reflects something about the "
 "Constitution's design in general. To avoid a problem, the framers built "
@@ -9850,7 +9850,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6873
+#: freeculture.xml:6877
 msgid ""
 "I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call "
 "<quote>copyright</quote> today. The scope of that regulation is far beyond "
@@ -9861,7 +9861,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 143 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6880
+#: freeculture.xml:6884
 msgid ""
 "Some of these changes come from the law: some in light of changes in "
 "technology, and some in light of changes in technology given a particular "
@@ -9869,38 +9869,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6891
+#: freeculture.xml:6895
 msgid "We will end here:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6894
+#: freeculture.xml:6898
 msgid "<quote>Copyright</quote> today."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6895
+#: freeculture.xml:6899
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 144 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6898
+#: freeculture.xml:6902
 msgid "Let me explain how."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6903
+#: freeculture.xml:6907
 msgid "Law: Duration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6919
+#: freeculture.xml:6923
 msgid "Crosskey, William W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6913
+#: freeculture.xml:6917
 msgid ""
 "William W. Crosskey, <citetitle>Politics and the Constitution in the History "
 "of the United States</citetitle> (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), "
@@ -9911,7 +9911,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6905
+#: freeculture.xml:6909
 msgid ""
 "When the first Congress enacted laws to protect creative property, it faced "
 "the same uncertainty about the status of creative property that the English "
@@ -9927,7 +9927,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6930
+#: freeculture.xml:6934
 msgid ""
 "That uncertainty ended after Congress passed legislation granting "
 "copyrights. Because federal law overrides any contrary state law, federal "
@@ -9938,7 +9938,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6938
+#: freeculture.xml:6942
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, Congress enacted the first copyright law. It created a federal "
 "copyright and secured that copyright for fourteen years. If the author was "
@@ -9949,7 +9949,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6953
+#: freeculture.xml:6957
 msgid ""
 "Although 13,000 titles were published in the United States from 1790 to "
 "1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, <citetitle>A "
@@ -9968,7 +9968,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6945
+#: freeculture.xml:6949
 msgid ""
 "While there were many works created in the United States in the first ten "
 "years of the Republic, only 5 percent of the works were actually registered "
@@ -9981,7 +9981,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 145 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6969
+#: freeculture.xml:6973
 msgid ""
 "This system of renewal was a crucial part of the American system of "
 "copyright. It assured that the maximum terms of copyright would be granted "
@@ -9992,7 +9992,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6984
+#: freeculture.xml:6988
 msgid ""
 "Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
 "the 25,006 copyrights registered in 1883, only 894 were renewed in 1910. For "
@@ -10006,7 +10006,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6978
+#: freeculture.xml:6982
 msgid ""
 "Fourteen years may not seem long to us, but for the vast majority of "
 "copyright owners at that time, it was long enough: Only a small minority of "
@@ -10017,12 +10017,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7001
+#: freeculture.xml:7005
 msgid "See Ringer, ch. 9, n. 2."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6997
+#: freeculture.xml:7001
 msgid ""
 "Even today, this structure would make sense. Most creative work has an "
 "actual commercial life of just a couple of years. Most books fall out of "
@@ -10035,7 +10035,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7009
+#: freeculture.xml:7013
 msgid ""
 "In the first hundred years of the Republic, the term of copyright was "
 "changed once. In 1831, the term was increased from a maximum of 28 years to "
@@ -10046,7 +10046,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7017
+#: freeculture.xml:7021
 msgid ""
 "Then, beginning in 1962, Congress started a practice that has defined "
 "copyright law since. Eleven times in the last forty years, Congress has "
@@ -10060,7 +10060,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 146 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7027
+#: freeculture.xml:7031
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions is simply to toll, or delay, the passing of "
 "works into the public domain. This latest extension means that the public "
@@ -10072,7 +10072,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7038
+#: freeculture.xml:7042
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions has been exacerbated by another, "
 "little-noticed change in the copyright law. Remember I said that the framers "
@@ -10084,7 +10084,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7048
+#: freeculture.xml:7052
 msgid ""
 "The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
 "created after 1978, there was only one copyright term&mdash;the maximum "
@@ -10096,7 +10096,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7058
+#: freeculture.xml:7062
 msgid ""
 "This change meant that American law no longer had an automatic way to assure "
 "that works that were no longer exploited passed into the public domain. And "
@@ -10108,7 +10108,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7075
+#: freeculture.xml:7079
 msgid ""
 "These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
 "year the renewal term was extended), the average term was never more than "
@@ -10117,7 +10117,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7067
+#: freeculture.xml:7071
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these changes on the average duration of copyright is "
 "dramatic. In 1973, more than 85 percent of copyright owners failed to renew "
@@ -10129,12 +10129,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7084
+#: freeculture.xml:7088
 msgid "Law: Scope"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7086
+#: freeculture.xml:7090
 msgid ""
 "The <quote>scope</quote> of a copyright is the range of rights granted by "
 "the law.  The scope of American copyright has changed dramatically. Those "
@@ -10143,7 +10143,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7092
+#: freeculture.xml:7096
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only <quote>maps, "
 "charts, and books.</quote> That means it didn't cover, for example, music or "
@@ -10159,7 +10159,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7105
+#: freeculture.xml:7109
 msgid ""
 "This, too, has changed dramatically. While the contours of copyright today "
 "are extremely hard to describe simply, in general terms, the right covers "
@@ -10177,7 +10177,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 148 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7120
+#: freeculture.xml:7124
 msgid ""
 "At the same time that the scope of copyright has expanded, procedural "
 "limitations on the right have been relaxed. I've already described the "
@@ -10192,7 +10192,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7134
+#: freeculture.xml:7138
 msgid ""
 "The reason for the registration requirement was the sensible understanding "
 "that for most works, no copyright was required. Again, in the first ten "
@@ -10208,7 +10208,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7148
+#: freeculture.xml:7152
 msgid ""
 "All of these <quote>formalities</quote> were abolished in the American "
 "system when we decided to follow European copyright law. There is no "
@@ -10219,13 +10219,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7156
+#: freeculture.xml:7160
 msgid "Consider a practical example to understand the scope of these differences."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7167
+#: freeculture.xml:7171
 msgid ""
 "See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, <quote>Poets, Pirates, and the "
 "Creation of American Literature,</quote> 29 <citetitle>New York University "
@@ -10235,7 +10235,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7160
+#: freeculture.xml:7164
 msgid ""
 "If, in 1790, you wrote a book and you were one of the 5 percent who actually "
 "copyrighted that book, then the copyright law protected you against another "
@@ -10249,7 +10249,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 149 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7179
+#: freeculture.xml:7183
 msgid ""
 "The act left other creators totally unregulated. If I copied your poem by "
 "hand, over and over again, as a way to learn it by heart, my act was totally "
@@ -10260,7 +10260,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7188
+#: freeculture.xml:7192
 msgid ""
 "Today the story is very different: If you write a book, your book is "
 "automatically protected. Indeed, not just your book. Every e-mail, every "
@@ -10271,7 +10271,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7197
+#: freeculture.xml:7201
 msgid ""
 "That protection gives you the right (subject to a narrow range of fair use "
 "exceptions) to control how others copy the work, whether they copy it to "
@@ -10279,7 +10279,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7202
+#: freeculture.xml:7206
 msgid ""
 "That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
 "competing publishing. But there's a second part to the copyright of today "
@@ -10294,7 +10294,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7216
+#: freeculture.xml:7220
 msgid ""
 "It is this derivative right that would seem most bizarre to our framers, "
 "though it has become second nature to us. Initially, this expansion was "
@@ -10306,7 +10306,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7238
+#: freeculture.xml:7242
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage,</quote> <citetitle>Legal "
 "Affairs</citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -10315,7 +10315,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7228
+#: freeculture.xml:7232
 msgid ""
 "In preventing that joke, the law created an astonishing power within a free "
 "culture&mdash;at least, it's astonishing when you understand that the law "
@@ -10330,12 +10330,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7260
+#: freeculture.xml:7264
 msgid "Rubenfeld, Jeb"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7253
+#: freeculture.xml:7257
 msgid ""
 "Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
 "the difference that copyright law should draw (from the perspective of the "
@@ -10347,7 +10347,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7248
+#: freeculture.xml:7252
 msgid ""
 "Yet copyright law treats these two different wrongs in the same way. I can "
 "go to court and get an injunction against your pirating my book. I can go to "
@@ -10357,7 +10357,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7267
+#: freeculture.xml:7271
 msgid ""
 "This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
 "able to write a movie that takes my story and makes money from it without "
@@ -10367,7 +10367,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7275
+#: freeculture.xml:7279
 msgid ""
 "These are good arguments, and, in general, my point is not that the "
 "derivative right is unjustified. My aim just now is much narrower: simply to "
@@ -10376,13 +10376,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7282
+#: freeculture.xml:7286
 msgid "Law and Architecture: Reach"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7289
+#: freeculture.xml:7293
 msgid ""
 "This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "
 "regulates more than <quote>copies</quote>&mdash;a public performance of a "
@@ -10396,7 +10396,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7284
+#: freeculture.xml:7288
 msgid ""
 "Whereas originally the law regulated only publishers, the change in "
 "copyright's scope means that the law today regulates publishers, users, and "
@@ -10407,7 +10407,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 151 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7301
+#: freeculture.xml:7305
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copies.</quote> That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for "
 "<emphasis>copy</emphasis>right law to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's "
@@ -10423,7 +10423,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7319
+#: freeculture.xml:7323
 msgid ""
 "Thus, my argument is not that in each place that copyright law extends, we "
 "should repeal it. It is instead that we should have a good argument for its "
@@ -10432,7 +10432,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7314
+#: freeculture.xml:7318
 msgid ""
 "This is perhaps the central claim of this book, so let me take this very "
 "slowly so that the point is not easily missed. My claim is that the Internet "
@@ -10444,50 +10444,50 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7330
+#: freeculture.xml:7334
 msgid ""
 "We can see this point abstractly by beginning with this largely empty "
 "circle."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7334
+#: freeculture.xml:7338
 msgid "All potential uses of a book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7335
+#: freeculture.xml:7339
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7337
+#: freeculture.xml:7341
 msgid "three types of uses of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7338
+#: freeculture.xml:7342
 msgid "copies as core issue of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7339
+#: freeculture.xml:7343
 msgid "copyright applicability altered by technology of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7340
+#: freeculture.xml:7344
 msgid "technology"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7340
+#: freeculture.xml:7344
 msgid "copyright intent altered by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 152 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7345
+#: freeculture.xml:7349
 msgid ""
 "Think about a book in real space, and imagine this circle to represent all "
 "its potential <emphasis>uses</emphasis>. Most of these uses are unregulated "
@@ -10502,17 +10502,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7358
+#: freeculture.xml:7362
 msgid "Examples of unregulated uses of a book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7359
+#: freeculture.xml:7363
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7362
+#: freeculture.xml:7366
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, some uses of a copyrighted book are regulated by "
 "copyright law. Republishing the book, for example, makes a copy. It is "
@@ -10523,26 +10523,26 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7372
+#: freeculture.xml:7376
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
 "remain unregulated because the law considers these <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7377
+#: freeculture.xml:7381
 msgid ""
 "Republishing stands at the core of this circle of possible uses of a "
 "copyrighted work."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7378
+#: freeculture.xml:7382
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7381
+#: freeculture.xml:7385
 msgid ""
 "These are uses that themselves involve copying, but which the law treats as "
 "unregulated because public policy demands that they remain unregulated.  You "
@@ -10555,30 +10555,30 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7391
+#: freeculture.xml:7395
 msgid "Unregulated copying considered <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7392
+#: freeculture.xml:7396
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7396
+#: freeculture.xml:7400
 msgid ""
 "Uses that before were presumptively unregulated are now presumptively "
 "regulated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7397
+#: freeculture.xml:7401
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 154 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7401
+#: freeculture.xml:7405
 msgid ""
 "In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
 "sorts: (1) unregulated uses, (2) regulated uses, and (3) regulated uses that "
@@ -10587,13 +10587,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7406 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7656
+#: freeculture.xml:7410 freeculture.xml:7444 freeculture.xml:7660 freeculture.xml:9904
 msgid "on Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7411
+#: freeculture.xml:7415
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean <quote>nature</quote> in the sense that it couldn't be "
 "different, but rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical "
@@ -10603,7 +10603,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7408
+#: freeculture.xml:7412
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet&mdash;a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
 "copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
@@ -10620,7 +10620,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 155 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7429
+#: freeculture.xml:7433
 msgid ""
 "So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
 "Internet, if you purchased a book and read it ten times, there would be no "
@@ -10633,12 +10633,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7441
+#: freeculture.xml:7445
 msgid "technological developments and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7443
+#: freeculture.xml:7447
 msgid ""
 "But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
 "rules. Now if the copyright owner says you may read the book only once or "
@@ -10652,7 +10652,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7455
+#: freeculture.xml:7459
 msgid ""
 "There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
 "not to argue about whether it makes sense or not. My aim is only to make "
@@ -10661,7 +10661,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7461
+#: freeculture.xml:7465
 msgid ""
 "First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
 "intended. Congress did not think through the collapse of the presumptively "
@@ -10672,7 +10672,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7470
+#: freeculture.xml:7474
 msgid ""
 "Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
 "uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "
@@ -10687,7 +10687,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 156 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7482
+#: freeculture.xml:7486
 msgid ""
 "Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
 "on category 3 (<quote>fair use</quote>) that fair use never before had to "
@@ -10701,7 +10701,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7501
+#: freeculture.xml:7505
 msgid ""
 "This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
 "culture. We have been cornered into arguing that our rights depend upon fair "
@@ -10713,7 +10713,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7512
+#: freeculture.xml:7516
 msgid ""
 "The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
 "business of making <quote>trailer</quote> advertisements for movies "
@@ -10723,12 +10723,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7518 freeculture.xml:7578 freeculture.xml:13677
+#: freeculture.xml:7522 freeculture.xml:7582 freeculture.xml:13737
 msgid "browsing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7520
+#: freeculture.xml:7524
 msgid ""
 "The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
 "think about the Internet as another way to distribute these previews.  The "
@@ -10741,7 +10741,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 157 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7529
+#: freeculture.xml:7533
 msgid ""
 "In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
 "intended to distribute the trailers through the Internet (rather than "
@@ -10757,7 +10757,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7544
+#: freeculture.xml:7548
 msgid ""
 "Disney countersued&mdash;for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
 "predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had <quote>willfully "
@@ -10770,7 +10770,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7554
+#: freeculture.xml:7558
 msgid ""
 "Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
 "stores that were selling Disney's films also had some sort of right to be "
@@ -10782,7 +10782,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7564
+#: freeculture.xml:7568
 msgid ""
 "Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
 "consider it a close case. My point here is to map the change that gives "
@@ -10798,13 +10798,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7577
+#: freeculture.xml:7581
 msgid "Barnes &amp; Noble"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 158 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7581
+#: freeculture.xml:7585
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
 "is not yet the abuse of control. Barnes &amp; Noble has the right to say you "
@@ -10821,7 +10821,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7596
+#: freeculture.xml:7600
 msgid ""
 "Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
 "architecture enables. Enabling technology to enforce the control of "
@@ -10832,12 +10832,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7605
+#: freeculture.xml:7609
 msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7607
+#: freeculture.xml:7611
 msgid ""
 "The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
 "important change brought about by the Internet magnifies its "
@@ -10846,7 +10846,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7613
+#: freeculture.xml:7617
 msgid ""
 "In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
 "controlled whether and how someone was regulated by copyright law.  The law, "
@@ -10856,18 +10856,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7620
+#: freeculture.xml:7624
 msgid "Casablanca"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7621 freeculture.xml:7792
+#: freeculture.xml:7625 freeculture.xml:7796
 msgid "Marx Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7632
+#: freeculture.xml:7636
 msgid ""
 "See David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): "
@@ -10875,7 +10875,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7624
+#: freeculture.xml:7628
 msgid ""
 "There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "
 "Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of "
@@ -10886,14 +10886,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7641
+#: freeculture.xml:7645
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, "
 "<citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 1&ndash;3."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7637
+#: freeculture.xml:7641
 msgid ""
 "This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
 "that the Marx Brothers <quote>were brothers long before you "
@@ -10905,7 +10905,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7651
+#: freeculture.xml:7655
 msgid ""
 "An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
 "Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly "
@@ -10914,7 +10914,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7658
+#: freeculture.xml:7662
 msgid ""
 "On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
 "Internet, increasingly, rules are enforced not by a human but by a machine: "
@@ -10926,17 +10926,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7670
+#: freeculture.xml:7674
 msgid "Adobe eBook Reader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7672
+#: freeculture.xml:7676
 msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7675
+#: freeculture.xml:7679
 msgid ""
 "An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
 "book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "
@@ -10945,13 +10945,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7682
+#: freeculture.xml:7686
 msgid "On the next page is a picture of an old version of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 160 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7686
+#: freeculture.xml:7690
 msgid ""
 "As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
 "library. Some of these books reproduce content that is in the public domain: "
@@ -10964,35 +10964,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7699
+#: freeculture.xml:7703
 msgid "Picture of an old version of Adobe eBook Reader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7700
+#: freeculture.xml:7704
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1611.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7703
+#: freeculture.xml:7707
 msgid ""
 "If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
 "that the publisher purports to grant with this book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7707
+#: freeculture.xml:7711
 msgid "List of the permissions that the publisher purports to grant."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7708
+#: freeculture.xml:7712
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 161 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7712
+#: freeculture.xml:7716
 msgid ""
 "According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
 "of the computer ten text selections every ten days. (So far, I've copied no "
@@ -11003,84 +11003,84 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7719
+#: freeculture.xml:7723
 msgid "Aristotle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7720
+#: freeculture.xml:7724
 msgid "<citetitle>Politics</citetitle>, (Aristotle)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7722
+#: freeculture.xml:7726
 msgid ""
 "Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
 "translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7726
+#: freeculture.xml:7730
 msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7727
+#: freeculture.xml:7731
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7730
+#: freeculture.xml:7734
 msgid ""
 "According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at "
 "all. But fortunately, you can use the Read Aloud button to hear the book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7735
+#: freeculture.xml:7739
 msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7736
+#: freeculture.xml:7740
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7738
+#: freeculture.xml:7742 freeculture.xml:9576
 msgid "Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7739 freeculture.xml:13135
+#: freeculture.xml:7743 freeculture.xml:9577 freeculture.xml:13195
 msgid "Lessig, Lawrence"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7741
+#: freeculture.xml:7745
 msgid ""
 "Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
 "e-book version of my last book, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7747
+#: freeculture.xml:7751
 msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>The Future of Ideas</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7748
+#: freeculture.xml:7752
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7751
+#: freeculture.xml:7755
 msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7761
+#: freeculture.xml:7765
 msgid ""
 "In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
 "example, buy a book from you that includes a contract that says I will read "
@@ -11091,7 +11091,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7754
+#: freeculture.xml:7758
 msgid ""
 "Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls "
 "<quote>permissions</quote>&mdash; as if the publisher has the power to "
@@ -11106,7 +11106,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7776
+#: freeculture.xml:7780
 msgid ""
 "The control comes instead from the code&mdash;from the technology within "
 "which the e-book <quote>lives.</quote> Though the e-book says that these are "
@@ -11126,7 +11126,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 163 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7796
+#: freeculture.xml:7800
 msgid ""
 "These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
 "where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
@@ -11135,7 +11135,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7802
+#: freeculture.xml:7806
 msgid ""
 "This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright "
 "<emphasis>law</emphasis> as copyright <emphasis>code</emphasis>. The "
@@ -11147,7 +11147,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7811
+#: freeculture.xml:7815
 msgid ""
 "How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
 "built into the technology? Software used to be sold with technologies that "
@@ -11157,24 +11157,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7818
+#: freeculture.xml:7822
 msgid ""
 "We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
 "Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7821
+#: freeculture.xml:7825
 msgid "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7822
+#: freeculture.xml:7826
 msgid "e-book restrictions on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7824
+#: freeculture.xml:7828
 msgid ""
 "Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
 "relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "
@@ -11184,17 +11184,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7832
+#: freeculture.xml:7836
 msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7834
+#: freeculture.xml:7838
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7838
+#: freeculture.xml:7842
 msgid ""
 "Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
 "not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the "
@@ -11203,7 +11203,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7843
+#: freeculture.xml:7847
 msgid ""
 "The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission.  For the "
 "text did not say that you were not permitted to use the Read Aloud button; "
@@ -11214,7 +11214,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7851
+#: freeculture.xml:7855
 msgid ""
 "Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
 "restrict the right to read a book aloud. Obviously it was only restricting "
@@ -11229,7 +11229,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7866
+#: freeculture.xml:7870
 msgid ""
 "The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
 "companies developing strategies to balance open access to content with "
@@ -11239,34 +11239,34 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7876
+#: freeculture.xml:7880
 msgid ""
 "To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
 "of mine that makes the same point."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7879 freeculture.xml:8023 freeculture.xml:8088 freeculture.xml:8196
+#: freeculture.xml:7883 freeculture.xml:8027 freeculture.xml:8092 freeculture.xml:8200
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7880 freeculture.xml:8024 freeculture.xml:8089 freeculture.xml:8197
+#: freeculture.xml:7884 freeculture.xml:8028 freeculture.xml:8093 freeculture.xml:8201
 msgid "robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7881 freeculture.xml:8025 freeculture.xml:8090 freeculture.xml:8198
+#: freeculture.xml:7885 freeculture.xml:8029 freeculture.xml:8094 freeculture.xml:8202
 msgid "Sony"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7881 freeculture.xml:8025 freeculture.xml:8090 freeculture.xml:8198
+#: freeculture.xml:7885 freeculture.xml:8029 freeculture.xml:8094 freeculture.xml:8202
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog produced by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7883
+#: freeculture.xml:7887
 msgid ""
 "Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named <quote>Aibo.</quote> The Aibo "
 "learns tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and "
@@ -11275,7 +11275,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 165
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7888
+#: freeculture.xml:7892
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
 "clubs to trade stories. One fan in particular set up a Web site to enable "
@@ -11286,7 +11286,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7897
+#: freeculture.xml:7901
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Teach</quote> here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute "
 "computers.  You teach a computer how to do something by programming it "
@@ -11297,12 +11297,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7904
+#: freeculture.xml:7908
 msgid "hacks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7906
+#: freeculture.xml:7910
 msgid ""
 "If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word "
 "<citetitle>hack</citetitle> has a particularly unfriendly "
@@ -11318,7 +11318,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7920
+#: freeculture.xml:7924
 msgid ""
 "Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
 "to challenge themselves and others with increasingly difficult "
@@ -11328,7 +11328,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7927
+#: freeculture.xml:7931
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
 "offered to the world a bit of code that would enable the Aibo to dance "
@@ -11339,7 +11339,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 166 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7937
+#: freeculture.xml:7941
 msgid ""
 "I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
 "States. Once I was asked by a puzzled member of the audience, is it "
@@ -11354,12 +11354,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7952
+#: freeculture.xml:7956
 msgid "government case against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7954
+#: freeculture.xml:7958
 msgid ""
 "Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show&mdash; not "
 "literally a pony show, but rather a paper that a Princeton academic named Ed "
@@ -11373,12 +11373,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7977 freeculture.xml:10470
+#: freeculture.xml:7981 freeculture.xml:10530
 msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7967
+#: freeculture.xml:7971
 msgid ""
 "See Pamela Samuelson, <quote>Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to "
 "Science,</quote> <citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan "
@@ -11397,7 +11397,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7965
+#: freeculture.xml:7969
 msgid ""
 "But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a "
@@ -11407,7 +11407,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7985
+#: freeculture.xml:7989
 msgid ""
 "The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
 "exercise much better control over their content than the Internet, as it "
@@ -11419,7 +11419,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7995
+#: freeculture.xml:7999
 msgid ""
 "When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition.  In "
 "exchange for providing contestants with the code to an SDMI-encrypted bit of "
@@ -11429,7 +11429,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 167 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8002
+#: freeculture.xml:8006
 msgid ""
 "Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
 "team saw the weakness of this system as a type: Many encryption systems "
@@ -11438,7 +11438,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8008
+#: freeculture.xml:8012
 msgid ""
 "Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United "
 "States. We have a principle of free speech. We have this principle not just "
@@ -11449,7 +11449,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8016
+#: freeculture.xml:8020
 msgid ""
 "What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
 "the weakness in a technology. They were not spreading free music, or "
@@ -11459,7 +11459,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8027
+#: freeculture.xml:8031
 msgid ""
 "What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
 "received. Aibopet.com received a letter from Sony about the aibopet.com "
@@ -11467,7 +11467,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8034
+#: freeculture.xml:8038
 msgid ""
 "Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
 "copy protection protocol constituting a violation of the anti-circumvention "
@@ -11475,7 +11475,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8043
+#: freeculture.xml:8047
 msgid ""
 "And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
 "encryption should also be perfectly legal, Felten received a letter from an "
@@ -11484,7 +11484,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 168 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8049
+#: freeculture.xml:8053
 msgid ""
 "Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
 "Challenge would be outside the scope of activities permitted by the "
@@ -11493,7 +11493,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8057
+#: freeculture.xml:8061
 msgid ""
 "In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
 "of information. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act made spreading such "
@@ -11501,7 +11501,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8062
+#: freeculture.xml:8066
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
 "cyberspace. The fear was that copyright control was effectively dead; the "
@@ -11514,7 +11514,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8073
+#: freeculture.xml:8077
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "
 "designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, "
@@ -11524,7 +11524,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8080
+#: freeculture.xml:8084
 msgid ""
 "But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
 "extent copyright law protected them. Its protection, that is, did not end at "
@@ -11536,7 +11536,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 169 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8092
+#: freeculture.xml:8096
 msgid ""
 "Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
 "copyright protection system for the purpose of enabling the dog to dance "
@@ -11550,7 +11550,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8104
+#: freeculture.xml:8108
 msgid ""
 "The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
 "of reasoning. By publishing a paper describing how a copyright protection "
@@ -11561,17 +11561,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8111 freeculture.xml:8146
+#: freeculture.xml:8115 freeculture.xml:8150
 msgid "Rogers, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8122 freeculture.xml:8159 freeculture.xml:8185
+#: freeculture.xml:8126 freeculture.xml:8163 freeculture.xml:8189
 msgid "Conrad, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8114
+#: freeculture.xml:8118
 msgid ""
 "The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
 "Paul Conrad. At that time, a court in California had held that the VCR could "
@@ -11584,7 +11584,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8141
+#: freeculture.xml:8145
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <citetitle>Sony Corporation of "
 "America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>., "
@@ -11595,7 +11595,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8126
+#: freeculture.xml:8130
 msgid ""
 "Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
 "<quote>Neighborhood</quote> at hours when some children cannot use it. I "
@@ -11615,7 +11615,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 170 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8152
+#: freeculture.xml:8156
 msgid ""
 "Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
 "that were illegal, the court held the companies producing the VCR "
@@ -11623,19 +11623,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8157
+#: freeculture.xml:8161
 msgid ""
 "This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA.  "
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8162
+#: freeculture.xml:8166
 msgid "No argument I have can top this picture, but let me try to get close."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8165
+#: freeculture.xml:8169
 msgid ""
 "The anticircumvention provisions of the DMCA target copyright circumvention "
 "technologies. Circumvention technologies can be used for different "
@@ -11646,13 +11646,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8172
+#: freeculture.xml:8176
 msgid "handguns"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 171 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8174
+#: freeculture.xml:8178
 msgid ""
 "A handgun can be used to shoot a police officer or a child. Most would agree "
 "such a use is bad. Or a handgun can be used for target practice or to "
@@ -11661,17 +11661,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8182
+#: freeculture.xml:8186
 msgid "VCR/handgun cartoon."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8183
+#: freeculture.xml:8187
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8187
+#: freeculture.xml:8191
 msgid ""
 "The obvious point of Conrad's cartoon is the weirdness of a world where guns "
 "are legal, despite the harm they can do, while VCRs (and circumvention "
@@ -11682,7 +11682,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8200
+#: freeculture.xml:8204
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo and RIAA examples demonstrate how copyright owners are changing the "
 "balance that copyright law grants. Using code, copyright owners restrict "
@@ -11693,7 +11693,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8208
+#: freeculture.xml:8212
 msgid ""
 "This is how <emphasis>code</emphasis> becomes <emphasis>law</emphasis>. The "
 "controls built into the technology of copy and access protection become "
@@ -11707,7 +11707,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8220
+#: freeculture.xml:8224
 msgid ""
 "There is one final aspect of the interaction between architecture and law "
 "that contributes to the force of copyright's regulation. This is the ease "
@@ -11722,7 +11722,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f24 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8239
+#: freeculture.xml:8243
 msgid ""
 "For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, <quote>Legal "
 "Fictions, Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,</quote> "
@@ -11731,7 +11731,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8233
+#: freeculture.xml:8237
 msgid ""
 "For example, imagine you were part of a <citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> fan "
 "club. You gathered every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of "
@@ -11741,7 +11741,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8245
+#: freeculture.xml:8249
 msgid ""
 "Before the Internet, this was, in effect, a totally unregulated activity.  "
 "No matter what happened inside your club room, you would never be interfered "
@@ -11751,7 +11751,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8253
+#: freeculture.xml:8257
 msgid ""
 "But if you moved your club onto the Internet, and made it generally "
 "available for others to join, the story would be very different. Bots "
@@ -11764,7 +11764,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8263
+#: freeculture.xml:8267
 msgid ""
 "This change in the effective force of the law is caused by a change in the "
 "ease with which the law can be enforced. That change too shifts the law's "
@@ -11775,13 +11775,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8272
+#: freeculture.xml:8276
 msgid "Market: Concentration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 173 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8274
+#: freeculture.xml:8278
 msgid ""
 "So copyright's duration has increased dramatically&mdash;tripled in the past "
 "thirty years. And copyright's scope has increased as well&mdash;from "
@@ -11799,7 +11799,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8292
+#: freeculture.xml:8296
 msgid ""
 "Still, in my view, all of these changes would not matter much if it weren't "
 "for one more change that we must also consider. This is a change that is in "
@@ -11809,7 +11809,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8299
+#: freeculture.xml:8303
 msgid ""
 "This is the change in the concentration and integration of the media.  In "
 "the past twenty years, the nature of media ownership has undergone a radical "
@@ -11822,38 +11822,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8310
+#: freeculture.xml:8314
 msgid "These changes are of two sorts: the scope of concentration, and its nature."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8314
+#: freeculture.xml:8318
 msgid "BMG"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8315 freeculture.xml:9663
+#: freeculture.xml:8319 freeculture.xml:9686
 msgid "EMI"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8316
+#: freeculture.xml:8320
 msgid "McCain, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8317 freeculture.xml:9664
+#: freeculture.xml:8321 freeculture.xml:9693
 msgid "Universal Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8318
+#: freeculture.xml:8322
 msgid "Warner Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f25 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8324
+#: freeculture.xml:8328
 msgid ""
 "FCC Oversight: Hearing Before the Senate Commerce, Science and "
 "Transportation Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (22 May 2003)  (statement "
@@ -11862,7 +11862,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8331
+#: freeculture.xml:8335
 msgid ""
 "Lynette Holloway, <quote>Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to "
 "Slide,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 23 December 2002."
@@ -11870,14 +11870,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f27 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8337
+#: freeculture.xml:8341
 msgid ""
 "Molly Ivins, <quote>Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Charleston Gazette</citetitle>, 31 May 2003."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8320
+#: freeculture.xml:8324
 msgid ""
 "Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "
 "summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, "
@@ -11892,7 +11892,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 174 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8342
+#: freeculture.xml:8346
 msgid ""
 "The story with radio is even more dramatic. Before deregulation, the "
 "nation's largest radio broadcasting conglomerate owned fewer than "
@@ -11905,7 +11905,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8354
+#: freeculture.xml:8358
 msgid ""
 "Newspaper ownership is becoming more concentrated as well.  Today, there are "
 "six hundred fewer daily newspapers in the United States than there were "
@@ -11919,12 +11919,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8368 freeculture.xml:8385
+#: freeculture.xml:8372 freeculture.xml:8389
 msgid "Fallows, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8365
+#: freeculture.xml:8369
 msgid ""
 "Concentration in size alone is one thing. The more invidious change is in "
 "the nature of that concentration. As author James Fallows put it in a recent "
@@ -11932,7 +11932,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8383
+#: freeculture.xml:8387
 msgid ""
 "James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch,</quote> <citetitle>Atlantic "
 "Monthly</citetitle> (September 2003): 89.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -11940,7 +11940,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8372
+#: freeculture.xml:8376
 msgid ""
 "Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "
 "integration. They supply content&mdash;Fox movies &hellip; Fox TV shows "
@@ -11955,7 +11955,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8390
+#: freeculture.xml:8394
 msgid ""
 "The pattern with Murdoch is the pattern of modern media. Not just large "
 "companies owning many radio stations, but a few companies owning as many "
@@ -11964,18 +11964,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8396
+#: freeculture.xml:8400
 msgid "Pattern of modern media ownership."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8397
+#: freeculture.xml:8401
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1761.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 175 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8401
+#: freeculture.xml:8405
 msgid ""
 "Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
 "distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
@@ -11983,7 +11983,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8406
+#: freeculture.xml:8410
 msgid ""
 "My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
 "more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "
@@ -11992,24 +11992,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8412
+#: freeculture.xml:8416
 msgid ""
 "Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
 "may matter."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8415
+#: freeculture.xml:8419
 msgid "Lear, Norman"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8417 freeculture.xml:8480
+#: freeculture.xml:8421 freeculture.xml:8484
 msgid "All in the Family"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8419
+#: freeculture.xml:8423
 msgid ""
 "In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle>. He took the pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It "
@@ -12020,7 +12020,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f29 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8431
+#: freeculture.xml:8435
 msgid ""
 "Leonard Hill, <quote>The Axis of Access,</quote> remarks before Weidenbaum "
 "Center Forum, <quote>Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,</quote> "
@@ -12031,7 +12031,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8426
+#: freeculture.xml:8430
 msgid ""
 "Rather than comply, Lear simply took the show elsewhere. CBS was happy to "
 "have the series; ABC could not stop Lear from walking.  The copyrights that "
@@ -12041,7 +12041,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 176 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8442
+#: freeculture.xml:8446
 msgid ""
 "The network did not control those copyrights because the law forbade the "
 "networks from controlling the content they syndicated. The law required a "
@@ -12053,7 +12053,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f30 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8461
+#: freeculture.xml:8465
 msgid ""
 "NewsCorp./DirecTV Merger and Media Consolidation: Hearings on Media "
 "Ownership Before the Senate Commerce Committee, 108th Cong., 1st "
@@ -12065,7 +12065,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8451
+#: freeculture.xml:8455
 msgid ""
 "In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence.  After "
 "that change, the networks quickly changed the balance.  In 1985, there were "
@@ -12084,7 +12084,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8482
+#: freeculture.xml:8486
 msgid ""
 "Today, another Norman Lear with another <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle> would find that he had the choice either to make the show "
@@ -12093,17 +12093,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8487
+#: freeculture.xml:8491
 msgid "Diller, Barry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8488
+#: freeculture.xml:8492
 msgid "Moyers, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8490
+#: freeculture.xml:8494
 msgid ""
 "While the number of channels has increased dramatically, the ownership of "
 "those channels has narrowed to an ever smaller and smaller few. As Barry "
@@ -12112,7 +12112,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f32 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8505
+#: freeculture.xml:8509
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,</quote> <citetitle>Now with "
 "Bill Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript "
@@ -12120,7 +12120,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8496
+#: freeculture.xml:8500
 msgid ""
 "Well, if you have companies that produce, that finance, that air on their "
 "channel and then distribute worldwide everything that goes through their "
@@ -12131,7 +12131,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8512
+#: freeculture.xml:8516
 msgid ""
 "This narrowing has an effect on what is produced. The product of such large "
 "and concentrated networks is increasingly homogenous.  Increasingly "
@@ -12145,13 +12145,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8523
+#: freeculture.xml:8527
 msgid "Clark, Kim B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f33 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8532
+#: freeculture.xml:8536
 msgid ""
 "Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
 "Revolutionary National Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do "
@@ -12167,7 +12167,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8525
+#: freeculture.xml:8529
 msgid ""
 "Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "
 "affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the "
@@ -12182,7 +12182,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8549
+#: freeculture.xml:8553
 msgid ""
 "I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media market to say "
 "with certainty what concentration and integration will do. The efficiencies "
@@ -12190,14 +12190,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8555
+#: freeculture.xml:8559
 msgid ""
 "But there is a quintessentially obvious example that does strongly suggest "
 "the concern."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8559
+#: freeculture.xml:8563
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the copyright wars, we're in the middle of the drug "
 "wars. Government policy is strongly directed against the drug cartels; "
@@ -12206,7 +12206,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 178 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8564
+#: freeculture.xml:8568
 msgid ""
 "Let me hereby disqualify myself from any possible appointment to any "
 "position in government by saying I believe this war is a profound mistake. I "
@@ -12224,7 +12224,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8583
+#: freeculture.xml:8587
 msgid ""
 "You may not be convinced. That's fine. We live in a democracy, and it is "
 "through votes that we are to choose policy. But to do that, we depend "
@@ -12232,7 +12232,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8590
+#: freeculture.xml:8594
 msgid ""
 "Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "
 "media campaign as part of the <quote>war on drugs.</quote> The campaign "
@@ -12247,14 +12247,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8602
+#: freeculture.xml:8606
 msgid ""
 "Fair enough. It's a good ad. Not terribly misleading. It delivers its "
 "message well. It's a fair and reasonable message."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8606
+#: freeculture.xml:8610
 msgid ""
 "But let's say you think it is a wrong message, and you'd like to run a "
 "countercommercial. Say you want to run a series of ads that try to "
@@ -12264,7 +12264,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 179 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8612
+#: freeculture.xml:8616
 msgid ""
 "Well, obviously, these ads cost lots of money. Assume you raise the "
 "money. Assume a group of concerned citizens donates all the money in the "
@@ -12273,32 +12273,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8654
+#: freeculture.xml:8658
 msgid "Comcast"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8655
+#: freeculture.xml:8659
 msgid "Marijuana Policy Project"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8656
+#: freeculture.xml:8660
 msgid "NBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8657
+#: freeculture.xml:8661
 msgid "WJOA"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8658
+#: freeculture.xml:8662
 msgid "WRC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8629
+#: freeculture.xml:8633
 msgid ""
 "The Marijuana Policy Project, in February 2003, sought to place ads that "
 "directly responded to the Nick and Norm series on stations within the "
@@ -12332,7 +12332,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8619
+#: freeculture.xml:8623
 msgid ""
 "No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "
 "<quote>controversial</quote> ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
@@ -12346,7 +12346,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8663
+#: freeculture.xml:8667
 msgid ""
 "I'd be happy to defend the networks' rights, as well&mdash;if we lived in a "
 "media market that was truly diverse. But concentration in the media throws "
@@ -12359,12 +12359,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8676
+#: freeculture.xml:8680
 msgid "Together"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8678
+#: freeculture.xml:8682
 msgid ""
 "There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "
 "warriors that the government should <quote>protect my property.</quote> In "
@@ -12374,7 +12374,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 180 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8684
+#: freeculture.xml:8688
 msgid ""
 "But when we see how dramatically this <quote>property</quote> has "
 "changed&mdash; when we recognize how it might now interact with both "
@@ -12389,7 +12389,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8700
+#: freeculture.xml:8704
 msgid ""
 "Not starkly. Or absolutely. My point is not that we should abolish copyright "
 "or go back to the eighteenth century. That would be a total mistake, "
@@ -12398,7 +12398,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8706
+#: freeculture.xml:8710
 msgid ""
 "But there is a space between zero and one, Internet culture "
 "notwithstanding.  And these massive shifts in the effective power of "
@@ -12412,7 +12412,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8718
+#: freeculture.xml:8722
 msgid ""
 "Copyright law has not been a rock of Gibraltar. It's not a set of constant "
 "commitments that, for some mysterious reason, teenagers and geeks now "
@@ -12427,7 +12427,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 181 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8730
+#: freeculture.xml:8734
 msgid ""
 "For the single point that is lost in this war on pirates is a point that we "
 "see only after surveying the range of these changes. When you add together "
@@ -12438,7 +12438,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8754
+#: freeculture.xml:8758
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a "
 "similar point in his <quote>four surrenders</quote> of copyright law in the "
@@ -12446,7 +12446,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8739
+#: freeculture.xml:8743
 msgid ""
 "Not when copyrights were perpetual, for when copyrights were perpetual, they "
 "affected only that precise creative work. Not when only publishers had the "
@@ -12464,14 +12464,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8760
+#: freeculture.xml:8764
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>This has been</emphasis> a long chapter. Its point "
 "can now be briefly stated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8764
+#: freeculture.xml:8768
 msgid ""
 "At the start of this book, I distinguished between commercial and "
 "noncommercial culture. In the course of this chapter, I have distinguished "
@@ -12481,38 +12481,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8776 freeculture.xml:8813
+#: freeculture.xml:8780 freeculture.xml:8817
 msgid "PUBLISH"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8777 freeculture.xml:8814 freeculture.xml:8852 freeculture.xml:8884
+#: freeculture.xml:8781 freeculture.xml:8818 freeculture.xml:8856 freeculture.xml:8888
 msgid "TRANSFORM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8782 freeculture.xml:8819 freeculture.xml:8857 freeculture.xml:8889
+#: freeculture.xml:8786 freeculture.xml:8823 freeculture.xml:8861 freeculture.xml:8893
 msgid "Commercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8783 freeculture.xml:8820 freeculture.xml:8821 freeculture.xml:8858 freeculture.xml:8859 freeculture.xml:8890 freeculture.xml:8891 freeculture.xml:8895 freeculture.xml:8896
+#: freeculture.xml:8787 freeculture.xml:8824 freeculture.xml:8825 freeculture.xml:8862 freeculture.xml:8863 freeculture.xml:8894 freeculture.xml:8895 freeculture.xml:8899 freeculture.xml:8900
 msgid "&copy;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8784 freeculture.xml:8788 freeculture.xml:8789 freeculture.xml:8825 freeculture.xml:8826 freeculture.xml:8864
+#: freeculture.xml:8788 freeculture.xml:8792 freeculture.xml:8793 freeculture.xml:8829 freeculture.xml:8830 freeculture.xml:8868
 msgid "Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8787 freeculture.xml:8824 freeculture.xml:8862 freeculture.xml:8894
+#: freeculture.xml:8791 freeculture.xml:8828 freeculture.xml:8866 freeculture.xml:8898
 msgid "Noncommercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 182 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8796
+#: freeculture.xml:8800
 msgid ""
 "The act of publishing a map, chart, and book was regulated by copyright "
 "law. Nothing else was. Transformations were free. And as copyright attached "
@@ -12522,12 +12522,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8805
+#: freeculture.xml:8809
 msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8833
+#: freeculture.xml:8837
 msgid ""
 "Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law&mdash;if published, "
 "which again, given the economics of publishing at the time, means if offered "
@@ -12536,7 +12536,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8839
+#: freeculture.xml:8843
 msgid ""
 "In 1909 the law changed to regulate copies, not publishing, and after this "
 "change, the scope of the law was tied to technology. As the technology of "
@@ -12546,17 +12546,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8851 freeculture.xml:8883
+#: freeculture.xml:8855 freeculture.xml:8887
 msgid "COPY"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8863
+#: freeculture.xml:8867
 msgid "&copy;/Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8871
+#: freeculture.xml:8875
 msgid ""
 "The law was interpreted to reach noncommercial copying through, say, copy "
 "machines, but still much of copying outside of the commercial market "
@@ -12567,7 +12567,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 183 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8903
+#: freeculture.xml:8907
 msgid ""
 "Every realm is governed by copyright law, whereas before most creativity was "
 "not. The law now regulates the full range of creativity&mdash; commercial or "
@@ -12576,7 +12576,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8911
+#: freeculture.xml:8915
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, copyright law is not the enemy. The enemy is regulation that does "
 "no good. So the question that we should be asking just now is whether "
@@ -12585,7 +12585,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8917
+#: freeculture.xml:8921
 msgid ""
 "I have no doubt that it does good in regulating commercial copying.  But I "
 "also have no doubt that it does more harm than good when regulating (as it "
@@ -12599,12 +12599,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8941
+#: freeculture.xml:8945
 msgid "legal realist movement"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8935
+#: freeculture.xml:8939
 msgid ""
 "It was the single most important contribution of the legal realist movement "
 "to demonstrate that all property rights are always crafted to balance public "
@@ -12615,7 +12615,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8929
+#: freeculture.xml:8933
 msgid ""
 "The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "
 "copyright is a kind of <quote>property,</quote> and of course, as with any "
@@ -12633,7 +12633,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 184 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8954
+#: freeculture.xml:8958
 msgid ""
 "We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "
 "the scope of the interests protected by <quote>property.</quote> The very "
@@ -12652,7 +12652,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8973
+#: freeculture.xml:8977
 msgid ""
 "Free culture is increasingly the casualty in this war on piracy. In response "
 "to a real, if not yet quantified, threat that the technologies of the "
@@ -12667,33 +12667,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8990
+#: freeculture.xml:8994
 msgid "PUZZLES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8994
+#: freeculture.xml:8998
 msgid "CHAPTER ELEVEN: Chimera"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8995
+#: freeculture.xml:8999
 msgid "chimeras"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8996
+#: freeculture.xml:9000
 msgid "Wells, H. G."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8997
+#: freeculture.xml:9001
 msgid "<quote>Country of the Blind, The</quote> (Wells)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9005
+#: freeculture.xml:9009
 msgid ""
 "H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). See "
 "H. G. Wells, <citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other "
@@ -12702,7 +12702,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9000
+#: freeculture.xml:9004
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In a well-known</emphasis> short story by "
 "H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez trips (literally, down an ice "
@@ -12717,7 +12717,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9017
+#: freeculture.xml:9021
 msgid ""
 "Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "
 "to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are "
@@ -12732,7 +12732,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 187 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9029
+#: freeculture.xml:9033
 msgid ""
 "The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
 "virtue of his special power. Not even the ultimate target of his affection, "
@@ -12746,7 +12746,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9040
+#: freeculture.xml:9044
 msgid ""
 "When Nunez announces his desire to marry his <quote>mysteriously "
 "delighted</quote> love, the father and the village object. <quote>You see, "
@@ -12756,14 +12756,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9046
+#: freeculture.xml:9050
 msgid ""
 "After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. <quote>His brain "
 "is affected,</quote> he reports."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9050
+#: freeculture.xml:9054
 msgid ""
 "<quote>What affects it?</quote> the father asks.  <quote>Those queer things "
 "that are called the eyes &hellip; are diseased &hellip; in such a way as to "
@@ -12771,7 +12771,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9055
+#: freeculture.xml:9059
 msgid ""
 "The doctor continues: <quote>I think I may say with reasonable certainty "
 "that in order to cure him completely, all that we need to do is a simple and "
@@ -12780,7 +12780,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9061
+#: freeculture.xml:9065
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Thank Heaven for science!</quote> says the father to the doctor. They "
 "inform Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride.  "
@@ -12790,7 +12790,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 188 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9067
+#: freeculture.xml:9071
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It sometimes</emphasis> happens that the eggs of "
 "twins fuse in the mother's womb. That fusion produces a "
@@ -12802,7 +12802,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9081
+#: freeculture.xml:9085
 msgid ""
 "Before I had read about chimeras, I would have said they were impossible.  A "
 "single person can't have two sets of DNA. The very idea of DNA is that it is "
@@ -12813,7 +12813,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9089
+#: freeculture.xml:9093
 msgid ""
 "The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
 "culture, which I've sometimes called unfairly, and sometimes not unfairly "
@@ -12830,7 +12830,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9103
+#: freeculture.xml:9107
 msgid ""
 "But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
 "p2p network through which anyone can get access to my music, then sure, my "
@@ -12843,7 +12843,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9112
+#: freeculture.xml:9116
 msgid ""
 "Likewise, when the other side says, <quote>File sharing is just like walking "
 "into a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with "
@@ -12855,7 +12855,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 189 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9123
+#: freeculture.xml:9127
 msgid ""
 "But it is not quite stealing from Tower. After all, when I take a CD from "
 "Tower Records, Tower has one less CD to sell. And when I take a CD from "
@@ -12867,7 +12867,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9133
+#: freeculture.xml:9137
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that it is as neither side describes. The point is that it "
 "is both&mdash;both as the RIAA describes it and as Kazaa describes it. It is "
@@ -12877,22 +12877,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9149 freeculture.xml:9435 freeculture.xml:10471
+#: freeculture.xml:9153 freeculture.xml:9439 freeculture.xml:10531
 msgid "ISPs (Internet service providers), user identities revealed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9180
+#: freeculture.xml:9184
 msgid "Conyers, John, Jr."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9181 freeculture.xml:9906
+#: freeculture.xml:9185 freeculture.xml:9942
 msgid "Berman, Howard L."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9149
+#: freeculture.xml:9153
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For an excellent summary, see the "
 "report prepared by GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society "
@@ -12928,7 +12928,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9140
+#: freeculture.xml:9144
 msgid ""
 "We could respond by simply pretending that it is not a chimera. We could, "
 "with the RIAA, decide that every act of file sharing should be a felony. We "
@@ -12941,7 +12941,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9187
+#: freeculture.xml:9191
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could respond to file sharing the way many kids act as "
 "though we've responded. We could totally legalize it. Let there be no "
@@ -12951,7 +12951,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9194
+#: freeculture.xml:9198
 msgid ""
 "Either response is possible. I think either would be a mistake.  Rather than "
 "embrace one of these two extremes, we should embrace something that "
@@ -12965,7 +12965,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 190 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9206
+#: freeculture.xml:9210
 msgid ""
 "Yet zero tolerance is increasingly our government's policy. In the middle of "
 "the chaos that the Internet has created, an extraordinary land grab is "
@@ -12976,7 +12976,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9214
+#: freeculture.xml:9218
 msgid ""
 "I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to <quote>steal</quote> "
 "music. My focus instead is the commercial and cultural innovation that this "
@@ -12990,14 +12990,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9227
+#: freeculture.xml:9231
 msgid ""
 "eMusic opposes music piracy. We are a distributor of copyrighted material, "
 "and we want to protect those rights."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9231
+#: freeculture.xml:9235
 msgid ""
 "But building a technology fortress that locks in the clout of the major "
 "labels is by no means the only way to protect copyright interests, nor is it "
@@ -13008,7 +13008,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9248
+#: freeculture.xml:9252
 msgid ""
 "WIPO and the DMCA One Year Later: Assessing Consumer Access to Digital "
 "Entertainment on the Internet and Other Media: Hearing Before the "
@@ -13019,7 +13019,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9238
+#: freeculture.xml:9242
 msgid ""
 "This is a critical point. The choices that industry sectors make with "
 "respect to these systems will in many ways directly shape the market for "
@@ -13032,12 +13032,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9262 freeculture.xml:9624
+#: freeculture.xml:9266 freeculture.xml:9637
 msgid "Vivendi Universal"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9259
+#: freeculture.xml:9263
 msgid ""
 "In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of "
 "<quote>the major labels.</quote> Its position on these matters has now "
@@ -13045,7 +13045,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9265
+#: freeculture.xml:9269
 msgid ""
 "Reversing our tradition of tolerance now will not merely quash piracy. It "
 "will sacrifice values that are important to this culture, and will kill "
@@ -13053,12 +13053,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9273
+#: freeculture.xml:9277
 msgid "CHAPTER TWELVE: Harms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9275
+#: freeculture.xml:9279
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>To fight</emphasis> <quote>piracy,</quote> to "
 "protect <quote>property,</quote> the content industry has launched a "
@@ -13069,7 +13069,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9283
+#: freeculture.xml:9287
 msgid ""
 "My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "
 "particular, the consequences for <quote>free culture.</quote> But my aim now "
@@ -13078,7 +13078,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9289
+#: freeculture.xml:9293
 msgid ""
 "In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
 "time, the law should defend the old against the new, just when the power of "
@@ -13087,7 +13087,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9297
+#: freeculture.xml:9301
 msgid ""
 "Yet <quote>common sense</quote> does not see it this way. Common sense is "
 "still on the side of the Causbys and the content industry. The extreme "
@@ -13097,7 +13097,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 193 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9305
+#: freeculture.xml:9309
 msgid ""
 "There will be many consequences of continuing this war. I want to describe "
 "just three. All three might be said to be unintended. I am quite confident "
@@ -13107,12 +13107,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9312
+#: freeculture.xml:9316
 msgid "Constraining Creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9314
+#: freeculture.xml:9318
 msgid ""
 "In the next ten years we will see an explosion of digital technologies.  "
 "These technologies will enable almost anyone to capture and share "
@@ -13129,7 +13129,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9329
+#: freeculture.xml:9333
 msgid ""
 "This digital <quote>capturing and sharing</quote> is in part an extension of "
 "the capturing and sharing that has always been integral to our culture, and "
@@ -13144,7 +13144,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 194 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9340
+#: freeculture.xml:9344
 msgid ""
 "Technology has thus given us an opportunity to do something with culture "
 "that has only ever been possible for individuals in small groups, isolated "
@@ -13154,7 +13154,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9350
+#: freeculture.xml:9354
 msgid ""
 "Yet all this is possible only if the activity is presumptively legal. In the "
 "current regime of legal regulation, it is not. Forget file sharing for a "
@@ -13168,17 +13168,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9360 freeculture.xml:9383
+#: freeculture.xml:9364 freeculture.xml:9387
 msgid "Worldcom"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9363
+#: freeculture.xml:9367
 msgid "doctors malpractice claims against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9378
+#: freeculture.xml:9382
 msgid ""
 "See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
 "WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
@@ -13189,12 +13189,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9399
+#: freeculture.xml:9403
 msgid "Bush, George W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9390
+#: freeculture.xml:9394
 msgid ""
 "The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
 "House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "
@@ -13208,7 +13208,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9366
+#: freeculture.xml:9370
 msgid ""
 "That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the examples of "
 "extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to proliferate. It is "
@@ -13229,13 +13229,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9405
+#: freeculture.xml:9409
 msgid "art, underground"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9426
+#: freeculture.xml:9430
 msgid ""
 "See Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Wired</citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -13245,7 +13245,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9407
+#: freeculture.xml:9411
 msgid ""
 "The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
 "penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
@@ -13265,7 +13265,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9437
+#: freeculture.xml:9441
 msgid ""
 "Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "
 "law. I described that change in detail in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
@@ -13279,7 +13279,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9450
+#: freeculture.xml:9454
 msgid ""
 "Never in our history has a painter had to worry about whether his painting "
 "infringed on someone else's work; but the modern-day painter, using the "
@@ -13293,7 +13293,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9461
+#: freeculture.xml:9465
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "
 "in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/>, "
@@ -13304,7 +13304,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 196 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9472
+#: freeculture.xml:9476
 msgid ""
 "But fair use in America simply means the right to hire a lawyer to defend "
 "your right to create. And as lawyers love to forget, our system for "
@@ -13317,7 +13317,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9482
+#: freeculture.xml:9486
 msgid ""
 "Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "
 "<quote>breathing room</quote> between regulation by the law and the access "
@@ -13330,7 +13330,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9493
+#: freeculture.xml:9497
 msgid ""
 "For in a world that threatens $150,000 for a single willful infringement of "
 "a copyright, and which demands tens of thousands of dollars to even defend "
@@ -13343,13 +13343,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9504
+#: freeculture.xml:9508
 msgid "As Jed Horovitz, the businessman behind Video Pipeline, said to me,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 197 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9508
+#: freeculture.xml:9512
 msgid ""
 "We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
 "being forced not to express themselves. Thoughts are not being "
@@ -13362,12 +13362,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9521
+#: freeculture.xml:9525
 msgid "Constraining Innovators"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9526
+msgid "innovation hampered by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9527
+msgid "industry establishment opposed to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9528 freeculture.xml:9643
+msgid "regulation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9528
+msgid "as establishment protectionism"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9523
+#: freeculture.xml:9530
 msgid ""
 "The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty story&mdash;creativity "
 "quashed, artists who can't speak, yada yada yada. Maybe that doesn't get you "
@@ -13378,7 +13398,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9531
+#: freeculture.xml:9539
 msgid ""
 "But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense.  Indeed, "
 "it is an aspect that could be written by the most extreme promarket "
@@ -13390,7 +13410,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9541
+#: freeculture.xml:9548
 msgid ""
 "The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the same "
 "charge free marketers make about regulating markets. Everyone, of course, "
@@ -13405,13 +13425,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9553 freeculture.xml:9661
+#: freeculture.xml:9561 freeculture.xml:9682 freeculture.xml:9688
 msgid "Barry, Hank"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9562 freeculture.xml:9694
+msgid "venture capitalists"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 198 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9555
+#: freeculture.xml:9564
 msgid ""
 "This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "
 "that I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
@@ -13426,7 +13451,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9568
+#: freeculture.xml:9579
 msgid ""
 "Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning I told in "
 "<citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> and which has progressed in a way "
@@ -13434,12 +13459,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9572
+#: freeculture.xml:9583
+msgid "MP3.com"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9584
+msgid "my.mp3.com"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9585
 msgid "Roberts, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9574
+#: freeculture.xml:9587
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com.  MP3.com was "
 "keen to remake the music business. Their goal was not just to facilitate new "
@@ -13450,12 +13485,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9582
+#: freeculture.xml:9595
 msgid "preference data on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9584
+#: freeculture.xml:9597
 msgid ""
 "To make this system work, however, MP3.com needed a reliable way to "
 "recommend music to its users. The idea behind this alternative was to "
@@ -13465,7 +13500,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9591
+#: freeculture.xml:9604
 msgid ""
 "This idea required a simple way to gather data about user preferences.  "
 "MP3.com came up with an extraordinarily clever way to gather this preference "
@@ -13480,7 +13515,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 199 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9603
+#: freeculture.xml:9616
 msgid ""
 "No doubt some could use this system to illegally copy content. But that "
 "opportunity existed with or without MP3.com. The aim of the my.mp3.com "
@@ -13490,7 +13525,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9613
+#: freeculture.xml:9626
 msgid ""
 "To make this system function, however, MP3.com needed to copy 50,000 CDs to "
 "a server. (In principle, it could have been the user who uploaded the music, "
@@ -13503,8 +13538,18 @@ msgid ""
 "something they had already bought."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9638 freeculture.xml:9683
+msgid "distribution technology targeted in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9643
+msgid "outsize penalties of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9626
+#: freeculture.xml:9645
 msgid ""
 "Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels, headed "
 "by the RIAA, brought a lawsuit against MP3.com. MP3.com settled with four of "
@@ -13516,12 +13561,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9636
+#: freeculture.xml:9655
 msgid "That part of the story I have told before. Now consider its conclusion."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9639
+#: freeculture.xml:9658
 msgid ""
 "After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a "
 "malpractice lawsuit against the lawyers who had advised it that they had a "
@@ -13534,7 +13579,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 200 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9649
+#: freeculture.xml:9669
 msgid ""
 "The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an unspecified "
 "amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in the press) was to "
@@ -13546,18 +13591,43 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9660
+#: freeculture.xml:9684
+msgid "BMW"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9685
+msgid "cars, MP3 sound systems in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9687
 msgid "Hummer, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9662
+#: freeculture.xml:9689
 msgid "Hummer Winblad"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9690
+msgid "MP3 players"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9691
+msgid "venture capital for"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9692 freeculture.xml:9738
+msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9672
+#: freeculture.xml:9702
 msgid ""
 "See Joseph Menn, <quote>Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel "
@@ -13570,7 +13640,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9666
+#: freeculture.xml:9696
 msgid ""
 "This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003, Universal "
 "and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the venture capital firm "
@@ -13589,23 +13659,8 @@ msgid ""
 "Rafe Needleman describes a discussion with BMW:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9694
-msgid "BMW"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9695
-msgid "cars, MP3 sound system in"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9710
-msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9706
+#: freeculture.xml:9734
 msgid ""
 "Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -13615,7 +13670,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9697
+#: freeculture.xml:9725
 msgid ""
 "I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in the car, "
 "there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW engineers in Germany "
@@ -13627,7 +13682,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9715
+#: freeculture.xml:9746
 msgid ""
 "This is the world of the mafia&mdash;filled with <quote>your money or your "
 "life</quote> offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats "
@@ -13639,7 +13694,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 201 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9725
+#: freeculture.xml:9756
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "
 "enterprises. The point is the definition of <quote>illegal.</quote> The law "
@@ -13655,7 +13710,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9740
+#: freeculture.xml:9771
 msgid ""
 "The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair "
 "use. Whatever the <quote>real</quote> law is, realism about the effect of "
@@ -13670,7 +13725,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 202 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9752
+#: freeculture.xml:9783
 msgid ""
 "The building of a permission culture, rather than a free culture, is the "
 "first important way in which the changes I have described will burden "
@@ -13689,7 +13744,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9771
+#: freeculture.xml:9802
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The uncertainty</emphasis> of the law is one burden "
 "on innovation. There is a second burden that operates more directly. This is "
@@ -13699,7 +13754,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9778
+#: freeculture.xml:9809
 msgid ""
 "The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
 "efficient spread of content. That efficiency is a feature of the Internet's "
@@ -13713,7 +13768,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9793
+#: freeculture.xml:9824
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> "
 "GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law "
@@ -13723,12 +13778,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9806
+#: freeculture.xml:9837
 msgid "GartnerG2, 26&ndash;27."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9789
+#: freeculture.xml:9820
 msgid ""
 "The examples of this form of legislation are many. At the urging of the "
 "content industry, some in Congress have threatened legislation that would "
@@ -13746,7 +13801,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 203 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9810
+#: freeculture.xml:9841
 msgid ""
 "In one sense, these solutions seem sensible. If the problem is the code, why "
 "not regulate the code to remove the problem. But any regulation of technical "
@@ -13756,20 +13811,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9819 freeculture.xml:11665
+#: freeculture.xml:9850 freeculture.xml:11725
 msgid "Intel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9825
+#: freeculture.xml:9856
 msgid ""
 "See David McGuire, <quote>Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,</quote> "
 "Newsbytes, February 2002 (Entertainment)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9821
+#: freeculture.xml:9852
 msgid ""
 "In March 2002, a broad coalition of technology companies, led by Intel, "
 "tried to get Congress to see the harm that such legislation would "
@@ -13779,7 +13834,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9833
+#: freeculture.xml:9864
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There is one</emphasis> more obvious way in which "
 "this war has harmed innovation&mdash;again, a story that will be quite "
@@ -13787,7 +13842,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9838
+#: freeculture.xml:9869
 msgid ""
 "Copyright may be property, but like all property, it is also a form of "
 "regulation. It is a regulation that benefits some and harms others.  When "
@@ -13795,15 +13850,21 @@ msgid ""
 "regulation the powerful use to defeat competitors."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9887
+msgid "Digital Copyright (Litman)"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9852
+#: freeculture.xml:9885
 msgid ""
 "Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
-"Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9846
+#: freeculture.xml:9879
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, despite this feature of copyright as regulation, "
@@ -13817,7 +13878,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9863
+#: freeculture.xml:9897
 msgid ""
 "But that pattern of deference to new technologies has now changed with the "
 "rise of the Internet. Rather than striking a balance between the claims of a "
@@ -13826,13 +13887,18 @@ msgid ""
 "effect of smothering the new to benefit the old."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9903
+msgid "radio on"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9872
+#: freeculture.xml:9908
 msgid "Grokster, Ltd."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9872
+#: freeculture.xml:9908
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The only circuit court exception "
 "is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry Association of America "
@@ -13851,17 +13917,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9891
+#: freeculture.xml:9927
 msgid "Tauzin, Billy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9907
+#: freeculture.xml:9943
 msgid "Hollings, Fritz"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9891
+#: freeculture.xml:9927
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For example, in July 2002, "
 "Representative Howard Berman introduced the Peer-to-Peer Piracy Prevention "
@@ -13882,7 +13948,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9870
+#: freeculture.xml:9906
 msgid ""
 "The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It has been mirrored in the responses "
@@ -13894,7 +13960,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 204 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9918
+#: freeculture.xml:9954
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"pirates\"/>, when a radio station plays a song, the recording "
@@ -13908,7 +13974,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9929
+#: freeculture.xml:9965
 msgid ""
 "The reasoning behind this balance struck by Congress makes some sense. The "
 "justification was that radio was a kind of advertising. The recording artist "
@@ -13921,7 +13987,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9940
+#: freeculture.xml:9976
 msgid ""
 "Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
 "stream content from a broadcaster to a listener. The broadcast travels "
@@ -13932,7 +13998,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9949
+#: freeculture.xml:9985
 msgid ""
 "This feature of the architecture of Internet radio means that there are "
 "potentially an unlimited number of radio stations that a user could tune in "
@@ -13948,7 +14014,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 205 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9965
+#: freeculture.xml:10001
 msgid ""
 "Internet radio is thus to radio what FM was to AM. It is an improvement "
 "potentially vastly more significant than the FM improvement over AM, since "
@@ -13960,12 +14026,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9989
+#: freeculture.xml:10025
 msgid "Lessing, 239."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9975
+#: freeculture.xml:10011
 msgid ""
 "An almost unlimited number of FM stations was possible in the shortwaves, "
 "thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
@@ -13983,12 +14049,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9999
+#: freeculture.xml:10035
 msgid "Ibid., 229."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9994
+#: freeculture.xml:10030
 msgid ""
 "This potential for FM radio was never realized&mdash;not because Armstrong "
 "was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "
@@ -13998,7 +14064,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10004
+#: freeculture.xml:10040
 msgid ""
 "Now the very same claim could be made about Internet radio. For again, there "
 "is no technical limitation that could restrict the number of Internet radio "
@@ -14007,9 +14073,24 @@ msgid ""
 "what copyright rules would govern Internet radio?"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10049
+msgid "on radio"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10053
+msgid "Internet radio hampered by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10054 freeculture.xml:10207
+msgid "on Internet radio fees"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 206 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10013
+#: freeculture.xml:10057
 msgid ""
 "But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a new "
 "industry. The recording artists, on the other hand, have a very powerful "
@@ -14024,12 +14105,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10052
+#: freeculture.xml:10096
 msgid "CARP (Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10035
+#: freeculture.xml:10079
 msgid ""
 "This example was derived from fees set by the original Copyright Arbitration "
 "Royalty Panel (CARP) proceedings, and is drawn from an example offered by "
@@ -14051,7 +14132,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10028
+#: freeculture.xml:10072
 msgid ""
 "This financial burden is not slight. As Harvard law professor William Fisher "
 "estimates, if an Internet radio station distributed adfree popular music to "
@@ -14062,7 +14143,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10060
+#: freeculture.xml:10108
 msgid ""
 "The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were "
 "proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio station) "
@@ -14071,57 +14152,57 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10068
+#: freeculture.xml:10116
 msgid "name of the service;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10071
+#: freeculture.xml:10119
 msgid "channel of the program (AM/FM stations use station ID);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10074
+#: freeculture.xml:10122
 msgid "type of program (archived/looped/live);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10077
+#: freeculture.xml:10125
 msgid "date of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10080
+#: freeculture.xml:10128
 msgid "time of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10083
+#: freeculture.xml:10131
 msgid "time zone of origination of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10086
+#: freeculture.xml:10134
 msgid "numeric designation of the place of the sound recording within the program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10089
+#: freeculture.xml:10137
 msgid "duration of transmission (to nearest second);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10092
+#: freeculture.xml:10140
 msgid "sound recording title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10095
+#: freeculture.xml:10143
 msgid "ISRC code of the recording;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10098
+#: freeculture.xml:10146
 msgid ""
 "release year of the album per copyright notice and in the case of "
 "compilation albums, the release year of the album and copy- right date of "
@@ -14129,77 +14210,77 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10101
+#: freeculture.xml:10149
 msgid "featured recording artist;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10104
+#: freeculture.xml:10152
 msgid "retail album title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10107
+#: freeculture.xml:10155
 msgid "recording label;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10110
+#: freeculture.xml:10158
 msgid "UPC code of the retail album;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10113
+#: freeculture.xml:10161
 msgid "catalog number;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10116
+#: freeculture.xml:10164
 msgid "copyright owner information;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10119
+#: freeculture.xml:10167
 msgid "musical genre of the channel or program (station format);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10122
+#: freeculture.xml:10170
 msgid "name of the service or entity;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10125
+#: freeculture.xml:10173
 msgid "channel or program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10128
+#: freeculture.xml:10176
 msgid "date and time that the user logged in (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10131
+#: freeculture.xml:10179
 msgid "date and time that the user logged out (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10134
+#: freeculture.xml:10182
 msgid "time zone where the signal was received (user);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10137
+#: freeculture.xml:10185
 msgid "unique user identifier;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10140
+#: freeculture.xml:10188
 msgid "the country in which the user received the transmissions."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10145
+#: freeculture.xml:10193
 msgid ""
 "The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting requirements, "
 "pending further study. And he also changed the original rates set by the "
@@ -14210,7 +14291,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10153
+#: freeculture.xml:10201
 msgid ""
 "Why? What justifies this difference? Was there any study of the economic "
 "consequences from Internet radio that would justify these differences? Was "
@@ -14218,12 +14299,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:14895
+#: freeculture.xml:10205 freeculture.xml:14955
 msgid "Real Networks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10160
+#: freeculture.xml:10211
 msgid ""
 "In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious to "
 "everyone at the time. As Alex Alben, vice president for Public Policy at "
@@ -14232,7 +14313,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 208 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10166
+#: freeculture.xml:10217
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA, which was representing the record labels, presented some testimony "
 "about what they thought a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller, and "
@@ -14246,7 +14327,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10182
+#: freeculture.xml:10233
 msgid ""
 "And the RIAA experts said, <quote>Well, we don't really model this as an "
 "industry with thousands of webcasters, <emphasis>we think it should be an "
@@ -14255,7 +14336,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10191
+#: freeculture.xml:10245
 msgid ""
 "Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so that "
 "this platform of potentially immense competition, which would cause the "
@@ -14266,12 +14347,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10201
+#: freeculture.xml:10261
 msgid "Corrupting Citizens"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10203
+#: freeculture.xml:10263
 msgid ""
 "Overregulation stifles creativity. It smothers innovation. It gives "
 "dinosaurs a veto over the future. It wastes the extraordinary opportunity "
@@ -14279,7 +14360,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10209
+#: freeculture.xml:10269
 msgid ""
 "In addition to these important harms, there is one more that was important "
 "to our forebears, but seems forgotten today. Overregulation corrupts "
@@ -14288,7 +14369,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10218
+#: freeculture.xml:10278
 msgid ""
 "Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, <quote>The Music Downloading Deluge,</quote> "
 "Pew Internet and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink "
@@ -14299,7 +14380,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 209 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10214
+#: freeculture.xml:10274
 msgid ""
 "The war that is being waged today is a war of prohibition. As with every war "
 "of prohibition, it is targeted against the behavior of a very large number "
@@ -14317,7 +14398,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10252
+#: freeculture.xml:10312
 msgid ""
 "Alex Pham, <quote>The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA "
 "Case,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, "
@@ -14325,7 +14406,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10239
+#: freeculture.xml:10299
 msgid ""
 "The content industry's tactics exploit the failings of the American legal "
 "system. When the RIAA brought suit against Jesse Jordan, it knew that in "
@@ -14347,13 +14428,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10263
+#: freeculture.xml:10323
 msgid "alcohol prohibition"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10275
+#: freeculture.xml:10335
 msgid ""
 "Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, <quote>Alcohol Consumption During "
 "Prohibition,</quote> <citetitle>American Economic Review</citetitle> 81, "
@@ -14362,7 +14443,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10283
+#: freeculture.xml:10343
 msgid ""
 "National Drug Control Policy: Hearing Before the House Government Reform "
 "Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (5 March 2003) (statement of John "
@@ -14371,7 +14452,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10293
+#: freeculture.xml:10353
 msgid ""
 "See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, <quote>Tax "
 "Compliance,</quote> <citetitle>Journal of Economic Literature</citetitle> 36 "
@@ -14379,7 +14460,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10265
+#: freeculture.xml:10325
 msgid ""
 "Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
 "more extreme than anything we've seen before. We experimented with alcohol "
@@ -14402,12 +14483,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10301
+#: freeculture.xml:10361
 msgid "law schools"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10303
+#: freeculture.xml:10363
 msgid ""
 "This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
 "salient issue for teachers like me, whose job it is to teach law students "
@@ -14426,7 +14507,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10320
+#: freeculture.xml:10380
 msgid ""
 "The response to this general illegality is either to enforce the law more "
 "severely or to change the law. We, as a society, have to learn how to make "
@@ -14440,7 +14521,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 211 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10333
+#: freeculture.xml:10393
 msgid ""
 "My point is not the idiotic one: Just because people violate a law, we "
 "should therefore repeal it. Obviously, we could reduce murder statistics "
@@ -14450,7 +14531,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10340
+#: freeculture.xml:10400
 msgid ""
 "My point is instead one that democracies understood for generations, but "
 "that we recently have learned to forget. The rule of law depends upon people "
@@ -14467,7 +14548,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10354
+#: freeculture.xml:10414
 msgid ""
 "When at least forty-three million citizens download content from the "
 "Internet, and when they use tools to combine that content in ways "
@@ -14481,13 +14562,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10366
+#: freeculture.xml:10426
 msgid "This abstract point can be made more clear with a particular example."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 212 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10369
+#: freeculture.xml:10429
 msgid ""
 "We all own CDs. Many of us still own phonograph records. These pieces of "
 "plastic encode music that in a certain sense we have bought.  The law "
@@ -14498,7 +14579,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10380
+#: freeculture.xml:10440
 msgid ""
 "But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
 "records that is effectively free. Because these recordings were made without "
@@ -14510,17 +14591,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10388
+#: freeculture.xml:10448
 msgid "Andromeda"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10389
+#: freeculture.xml:10449
 msgid "mix technology and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10391
+#: freeculture.xml:10451
 msgid ""
 "This <quote>use</quote> of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a "
 "large process at home of ripping all of my and my wife's CDs, and storing "
@@ -14534,7 +14615,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10402
+#: freeculture.xml:10462
 msgid ""
 "This use is enabled by unprotected media&mdash;either CDs or records.  But "
 "unprotected media also enable file sharing. File sharing threatens (or so "
@@ -14547,7 +14628,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 213 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10412
+#: freeculture.xml:10472
 msgid ""
 "If these technologies took off, then the building of large archives of your "
 "own music would become quite difficult. You might hang in hacker circles, "
@@ -14561,7 +14642,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10427
+#: freeculture.xml:10487
 msgid ""
 "If the only way to assure that artists get paid were the elimination of the "
 "ability to freely move content, then these technologies to interfere with "
@@ -14573,7 +14654,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10436
+#: freeculture.xml:10496
 msgid ""
 "My point just now is not to prove that there is such a system. I offer a "
 "version of such a system in the last chapter of this book. For now, the only "
@@ -14586,7 +14667,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10447
+#: freeculture.xml:10507
 msgid ""
 "I believe there is a way to assure that artists are paid without turning "
 "forty-three million Americans into felons. But the salient feature of this "
@@ -14598,7 +14679,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10456
+#: freeculture.xml:10516
 msgid ""
 "Except that this generation's buggy manufacturers have already saddled "
 "Congress, and are riding the law to protect themselves against this new form "
@@ -14608,7 +14689,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 214 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10462
+#: freeculture.xml:10522
 msgid ""
 "It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable "
 "why we as a democracy continue to choose as we do. Jack Valenti is charming; "
@@ -14617,7 +14698,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10473
+#: freeculture.xml:10533
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There's one more</emphasis> aspect to this "
 "corruption that is particularly important to civil liberties, and follows "
@@ -14629,19 +14710,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10481 freeculture.xml:10581
+#: freeculture.xml:10541 freeculture.xml:10641
 msgid "von Lohmann, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10483
+#: freeculture.xml:10543
 msgid ""
 "<quote>If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,</quote> von "
 "Lohmann explains,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10488
+#: freeculture.xml:10548
 msgid ""
 "then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "
 "one degree or another. &hellip; If you're a copyright infringer, how can you "
@@ -14655,7 +14736,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10500
+#: freeculture.xml:10560
 msgid ""
 "And the consequence of this transformation of the American public into "
 "criminals is that it becomes trivial, as a matter of due process, to "
@@ -14663,7 +14744,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10505
+#: freeculture.xml:10565
 msgid ""
 "Users of the Internet began to see this generally in 2003 as the RIAA "
 "launched its campaign to force Internet service providers to turn over the "
@@ -14675,7 +14756,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10523
+#: freeculture.xml:10583
 msgid ""
 "See Frank Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single "
 "Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,</quote> "
@@ -14692,7 +14773,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10514
+#: freeculture.xml:10574
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA then expanded this campaign, by announcing a general strategy to "
 "sue individual users of the Internet who are alleged to have downloaded "
@@ -14706,7 +14787,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10541
+#: freeculture.xml:10601
 msgid ""
 "See <quote>Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses "
 "Some Methods Used,</quote> CNN.com, available at <ulink "
@@ -14714,7 +14795,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10537
+#: freeculture.xml:10597
 msgid ""
 "Even this understates the espionage that is being waged by the RIAA. A "
 "report from CNN late last summer described a strategy the RIAA had adopted "
@@ -14726,7 +14807,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10562
+#: freeculture.xml:10622
 msgid ""
 "See Jeff Adler, <quote>Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not "
 "Penitent,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City "
@@ -14749,7 +14830,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10550
+#: freeculture.xml:10610
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the following not-implausible scenario: Imagine a friend gives a "
 "CD to your daughter&mdash;a collection of songs just like the cassettes you "
@@ -14767,7 +14848,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 216 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10583
+#: freeculture.xml:10643
 msgid ""
 "Now, of course, she'll have the right to defend herself. You can hire a "
 "lawyer for her (at $300 per hour, if you're lucky), and she can plead that "
@@ -14781,7 +14862,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10598
+#: freeculture.xml:10658
 msgid ""
 "So when we're talking about numbers like forty to sixty million Americans "
 "that are essentially copyright infringers, you create a situation where the "
@@ -14802,7 +14883,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10618
+#: freeculture.xml:10678
 msgid ""
 "When forty to sixty million Americans are considered "
 "<quote>criminals</quote> under the law, and when the law could achieve the "
@@ -14813,12 +14894,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10631
+#: freeculture.xml:10691
 msgid "BALANCES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10636
+#: freeculture.xml:10696
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>So here's</emphasis> the picture: You're standing at "
 "the side of the road. Your car is on fire. You are angry and upset because "
@@ -14828,7 +14909,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10643
+#: freeculture.xml:10703
 msgid ""
 "As you ponder the mess, someone else comes along. In a panic, she grabs the "
 "bucket. Before you have a chance to tell her to stop&mdash;or before she "
@@ -14838,7 +14919,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10651
+#: freeculture.xml:10711
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A war</emphasis> about copyright rages all "
 "around&mdash;and we're all focusing on the wrong thing. No doubt, current "
@@ -14851,7 +14932,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 219 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10661
+#: freeculture.xml:10721
 msgid ""
 "Yet policy makers are not willing to leave this fire to itself. Primed with "
 "plenty of lobbyists' money, they are keen to intervene to eliminate the "
@@ -14861,7 +14942,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10669
+#: freeculture.xml:10729
 msgid ""
 "Somehow we have to find a way to turn attention to this more important and "
 "fundamental issue. Somehow we have to find a way to avoid pouring gasoline "
@@ -14869,7 +14950,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10674
+#: freeculture.xml:10734
 msgid ""
 "We have not found that way yet. Instead, we seem trapped in a simpler, "
 "binary view. However much many people push to frame this debate more "
@@ -14878,7 +14959,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10680
+#: freeculture.xml:10740
 msgid ""
 "This challenge has been my life these last few years. It has also been my "
 "failure. In the two chapters that follow, I describe one small brace of "
@@ -14887,17 +14968,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10690
+#: freeculture.xml:10750
 msgid "CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Eldred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10691
+#: freeculture.xml:10751
 msgid "Hawthorne, Nathaniel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10693
+#: freeculture.xml:10753
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1995</emphasis>, a father was frustrated that his "
 "daughters didn't seem to like Hawthorne. No doubt there was more than one "
@@ -14909,7 +14990,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10702
+#: freeculture.xml:10762
 msgid ""
 "It didn't work&mdash;at least for his daughters. They didn't find Hawthorne "
 "any more interesting than before. But Eldred's experiment gave birth to a "
@@ -14919,7 +15000,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 221 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10711
+#: freeculture.xml:10771
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's library was not simply a copy of certain public domain works, "
 "though even a copy would have been of great value to people across the world "
@@ -14931,7 +15012,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10722
+#: freeculture.xml:10782
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's freedom to do this with Hawthorne's work grew from the same source "
 "as Disney's. Hawthorne's <citetitle>Scarlet Letter</citetitle> had passed "
@@ -14947,12 +15028,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10747 freeculture.xml:11764
+#: freeculture.xml:10807 freeculture.xml:11824
 msgid "pornography"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10747
+#: freeculture.xml:10807
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> There's a parallel here with "
 "pornography that is a bit hard to describe, but it's a strong one. One "
@@ -14971,7 +15052,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10736
+#: freeculture.xml:10796
 msgid ""
 "The Internet created the possibility of noncommercial publications of public "
 "domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
@@ -14986,7 +15067,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10765
+#: freeculture.xml:10825
 msgid ""
 "As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "
 "of poems <citetitle>New Hampshire</citetitle> was slated to pass into the "
@@ -15002,17 +15083,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10778 freeculture.xml:10788
+#: freeculture.xml:10838 freeculture.xml:10848
 msgid "Bono, Mary"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10779 freeculture.xml:10789
+#: freeculture.xml:10839 freeculture.xml:10849
 msgid "Bono, Sonny"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10788
+#: freeculture.xml:10848
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> The full text is: <quote>Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of "
@@ -15025,7 +15106,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10783
+#: freeculture.xml:10843
 msgid ""
 "This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
 "memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "
@@ -15034,7 +15115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10801
+#: freeculture.xml:10861
 msgid ""
 "Eldred decided to fight this law. He first resolved to fight it through "
 "civil disobedience. In a series of interviews, Eldred announced that he "
@@ -15045,7 +15126,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10810
+#: freeculture.xml:10870
 msgid ""
 "It was here that I became involved in Eldred's battle. I was a "
 "constitutional scholar whose first passion was constitutional "
@@ -15055,7 +15136,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10821
+#: freeculture.xml:10881
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science &hellip; by "
 "securing for limited Times to Authors &hellip; exclusive Right to their "
@@ -15063,7 +15144,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10827
+#: freeculture.xml:10887
 msgid ""
 "As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
 "Article I, section 8 of our Constitution. Every other clause granting power "
@@ -15077,13 +15158,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10836 freeculture.xml:12326
+#: freeculture.xml:10896 freeculture.xml:12386
 msgid "Jaszi, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 223 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10838
+#: freeculture.xml:10898
 msgid ""
 "In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
 "existing terms of copyright protection. What puzzled me about this was, if "
@@ -15096,7 +15177,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10849
+#: freeculture.xml:10909
 msgid ""
 "As an academic, my first response was to hit the books. I remember sitting "
 "late at the office, scouring on-line databases for any serious consideration "
@@ -15109,7 +15190,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10860
+#: freeculture.xml:10920
 msgid ""
 "For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of "
 "government. <quote>Corruption</quote> not in the sense that representatives "
@@ -15121,7 +15202,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10869
+#: freeculture.xml:10929
 msgid ""
 "If that's not obvious to you, consider the following: Say you're one of the "
 "very few lucky copyright owners whose copyright continues to make money one "
@@ -15133,7 +15214,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10879
+#: freeculture.xml:10939
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the Robert Frost estate is earning $100,000 a year from three of "
 "Frost's poems. And imagine the copyright for those poems is about to "
@@ -15143,7 +15224,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 224 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10886
+#: freeculture.xml:10946
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Next year,</quote> the adviser announces, <quote>our copyrights in "
 "works A, B, and C will expire. That means that after next year, we will no "
@@ -15152,7 +15233,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10894
+#: freeculture.xml:10954
 msgid ""
 "<quote>There's a proposal in Congress, however,</quote> she continues, "
 "<quote>that could change this. A few congressmen are floating a bill to "
@@ -15161,14 +15242,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10900
+#: freeculture.xml:10960
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Hope?</quote> a fellow board member says. <quote>Can't we be doing "
 "something about it?</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10904
+#: freeculture.xml:10964
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well, obviously, yes,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>We could "
 "contribute to the campaigns of a number of representatives to try to assure "
@@ -15176,7 +15257,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10909
+#: freeculture.xml:10969
 msgid ""
 "You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "
 "whether this disgusting practice is worth it. <quote>How much would we get "
@@ -15185,7 +15266,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10915
+#: freeculture.xml:10975
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well,</quote> the adviser says, <quote>if you're confident that you "
 "will continue to get at least $100,000 a year from these copyrights, and you "
@@ -15194,14 +15275,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10921
+#: freeculture.xml:10981
 msgid ""
 "You're a bit shocked by the number, but you quickly come to the correct "
 "conclusion:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10925
+#: freeculture.xml:10985
 msgid ""
 "<quote>So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than "
 "$1,000,000 in campaign contributions if we were confident those "
@@ -15209,7 +15290,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10931
+#: freeculture.xml:10991
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Absolutely,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>It is worth it to "
 "you to contribute up to the `present value' of the income you expect from "
@@ -15218,7 +15299,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 225 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10937
+#: freeculture.xml:10997
 msgid ""
 "You quickly get the point&mdash;you as the member of the board and, I trust, "
 "you the reader. Each time copyrights are about to expire, every beneficiary "
@@ -15230,7 +15311,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10948
+#: freeculture.xml:11008
 msgid ""
 "Thus a congressional perpetual motion machine: So long as legislation can be "
 "bought (albeit indirectly), there will be all the incentive in the world to "
@@ -15239,7 +15320,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10960
+#: freeculture.xml:11020
 msgid ""
 "Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
 "Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,</quote> "
@@ -15248,7 +15329,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10967
+#: freeculture.xml:11027
 msgid ""
 "See Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information "
 "Age,</quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -15257,7 +15338,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10975
+#: freeculture.xml:11035
 msgid ""
 "Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
@@ -15265,7 +15346,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10953
+#: freeculture.xml:11013
 msgid ""
 "In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "
 "Extension Act, this <quote>theory</quote> about incentives was proved "
@@ -15280,7 +15361,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10982
+#: freeculture.xml:11042
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Constitutional law</emphasis> is not oblivious to "
 "the obvious. Or at least, it need not be. So when I was considering Eldred's "
@@ -15295,7 +15376,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 226 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10994
+#: freeculture.xml:11054
 msgid ""
 "It was also my judgment that <emphasis>this</emphasis> Supreme Court would "
 "not allow Congress to extend existing terms. As anyone close to the Supreme "
@@ -15307,7 +15388,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11007
+#: freeculture.xml:11067
 msgid ""
 "Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
 "broadly; so, while the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate "
@@ -15317,7 +15398,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11017
+#: freeculture.xml:11077
 msgid ""
 "As the economy grew, this standard increasingly meant that there was no "
 "limit to Congress's power to regulate, since just about every activity, when "
@@ -15327,12 +15408,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11023 freeculture.xml:11813
+#: freeculture.xml:11083 freeculture.xml:11873
 msgid "Rehnquist, William H."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11025
+#: freeculture.xml:11085
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Rehnquist's command, changed that in "
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. The "
@@ -15348,7 +15429,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11040
+#: freeculture.xml:11100
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>, 514 "
 "U.S. 549, 564 (1995)."
@@ -15356,14 +15437,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11047
+#: freeculture.xml:11107
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>, 529 "
 "U.S. 598 (2000)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11038
+#: freeculture.xml:11098
 msgid ""
 "<quote>We pause to consider the implications of the government's "
 "arguments,</quote> the Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -15376,7 +15457,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11054
+#: freeculture.xml:11114
 msgid ""
 "If it is a principle about enumerated powers, then the principle carries "
 "from one enumerated power to another. The animating point in the context of "
@@ -15391,7 +15472,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 227 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11051
+#: freeculture.xml:11111
 msgid ""
 "If a principle were at work here, then it should apply to the Progress "
 "Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -15405,7 +15486,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11075
+#: freeculture.xml:11135
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>If</emphasis>, that is, the principle announced in "
 "<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> stood for a principle.  Many believed the "
@@ -15421,17 +15502,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11087
+#: freeculture.xml:11147
 msgid "copyright purpose established in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11088
+#: freeculture.xml:11148
 msgid "constitutional purpose of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11092
+#: freeculture.xml:11152
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Now let's pause</emphasis> for a moment to make sure "
 "we understand what the argument in <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was not "
@@ -15451,13 +15532,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11109
+#: freeculture.xml:11169
 msgid "Nashville Songwriters Association"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11117
+#: freeculture.xml:11177
 msgid ""
 "Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, "
 "<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  "
@@ -15466,7 +15547,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11111
+#: freeculture.xml:11171
 msgid ""
 "Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
 "Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "
@@ -15478,7 +15559,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11127
+#: freeculture.xml:11187
 msgid ""
 "As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on copyright as a "
 "way to assure that copyright holders do not too heavily influence the "
@@ -15490,7 +15571,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11139
+#: freeculture.xml:11199
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is valuable</emphasis> copyrights that are "
 "responsible for terms being extended.  Mickey Mouse and <quote>Rhapsody in "
@@ -15505,7 +15586,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11157
+#: freeculture.xml:11217
 msgid ""
 "The figure of 2 percent is an extrapolation from the study by the "
 "Congressional Research Service, in light of the estimated renewal "
@@ -15515,7 +15596,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11151
+#: freeculture.xml:11211
 msgid ""
 "If you look at the work created in the first twenty years (1923 to 1942) "
 "affected by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, 2 percent of that "
@@ -15527,7 +15608,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 229 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11166
+#: freeculture.xml:11226
 msgid ""
 "Think practically about the consequence of this extension&mdash;practically, "
 "as a businessperson, and not as a lawyer eager for more legal work. In 1930, "
@@ -15538,7 +15619,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11179
+#: freeculture.xml:11239
 msgid ""
 "Well, first, you'd have to determine which of the 9,873 books were still "
 "under copyright. That requires going to a library (these data are not "
@@ -15549,14 +15630,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11187
+#: freeculture.xml:11247
 msgid ""
 "Then for the books still under copyright, you would need to locate the "
 "current copyright owners. How would you do that?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11191
+#: freeculture.xml:11251
 msgid ""
 "Most people think that there must be a list of these copyright owners "
 "somewhere. Practical people think this way. How could there be thousands and "
@@ -15564,7 +15645,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11198
+#: freeculture.xml:11258
 msgid ""
 "But there is no list. There may be a name from 1930, and then in 1959, of "
 "the person who registered the copyright. But just think practically about "
@@ -15574,7 +15655,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11207
+#: freeculture.xml:11267
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,</quote> the "
 "apologists for the system respond. <quote>Why should there be a list of "
@@ -15582,7 +15663,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11212
+#: freeculture.xml:11272
 msgid ""
 "Well, actually, if you think about it, there <emphasis>are</emphasis> plenty "
 "of lists of who owns what property. Think about deeds on houses, or titles "
@@ -15594,7 +15675,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 230 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11221
+#: freeculture.xml:11281
 msgid ""
 "So: You walk down a street and see a house. You can know who owns the house "
 "by looking it up in the courthouse registry. If you see a car, there is "
@@ -15608,7 +15689,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11236
+#: freeculture.xml:11296
 msgid ""
 "Compare this story to intangible property. You go into a library.  The "
 "library owns the books. But who owns the copyrights? As I've already "
@@ -15622,7 +15703,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11248
+#: freeculture.xml:11308
 msgid ""
 "The consequence with respect to old books is that they won't be digitized, "
 "and hence will simply rot away on shelves. But the consequence for other "
@@ -15630,28 +15711,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11253
+#: freeculture.xml:11313
 msgid "Agee, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11254 freeculture.xml:11689
+#: freeculture.xml:11314 freeculture.xml:11749
 msgid "Hal Roach Studios"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11255
+#: freeculture.xml:11315
 msgid "Laurel and Hardy Films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11256
+#: freeculture.xml:11316
 msgid "Lucky Dog, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11269
+#: freeculture.xml:11329
 msgid ""
 "See David G. Savage, <quote>High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright "
 "Law,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 6 October 2002; David "
@@ -15661,7 +15742,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11258
+#: freeculture.xml:11318
 msgid ""
 "Consider the story of Michael Agee, chairman of Hal Roach Studios, which "
 "owns the copyrights for the Laurel and Hardy films. Agee is a direct "
@@ -15676,7 +15757,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11276
+#: freeculture.xml:11336
 msgid ""
 "Yet Agee opposed the CTEA. His reasons demonstrate a rare virtue in this "
 "culture: selflessness. He argued in a brief before the Supreme Court that "
@@ -15686,7 +15767,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 231 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11282
+#: freeculture.xml:11342
 msgid ""
 "His argument is straightforward. A tiny fraction of this work has any "
 "continuing commercial value. The rest&mdash;to the extent it survives at "
@@ -15698,7 +15779,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11300
+#: freeculture.xml:11360
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Hal Roach Studios and Michael Agee as Amicus Curiae Supporting the "
 "Petitoners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
@@ -15710,7 +15791,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11293
+#: freeculture.xml:11353
 msgid ""
 "We can't know the benefits, but we do know a lot about the costs.  For most "
 "of the history of film, the costs of restoring film were very high; digital "
@@ -15721,7 +15802,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11310
+#: freeculture.xml:11370
 msgid ""
 "Restoration technology is not the only cost, nor the most important.  "
 "Lawyers, too, are a cost, and increasingly, a very important one. In "
@@ -15731,7 +15812,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11318
+#: freeculture.xml:11378
 msgid ""
 "Or more accurately, <emphasis>owners</emphasis>. As we've seen, there isn't "
 "only a single copyright associated with a film; there are many. There isn't "
@@ -15742,7 +15823,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11326
+#: freeculture.xml:11386
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
 "copyright owner when she shows up?</quote> Sure, if you want to commit a "
@@ -15757,7 +15838,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 232 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11337
+#: freeculture.xml:11397
 msgid ""
 "For some films, the benefit of releasing the film may well exceed these "
 "costs. But for the vast majority of them, there is no way the benefit would "
@@ -15767,7 +15848,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11348
+#: freeculture.xml:11408
 msgid ""
 "But by the time the copyright for these films expires, the film will have "
 "expired. These films were produced on nitrate-based stock, and nitrate stock "
@@ -15776,7 +15857,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11356
+#: freeculture.xml:11416
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Of all the</emphasis> creative work produced by "
 "humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has continuing commercial value. For that "
@@ -15787,7 +15868,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11364
+#: freeculture.xml:11424
 msgid ""
 "But even for that tiny fraction, the actual time during which the creative "
 "work has a commercial life is extremely short. As I've indicated, most books "
@@ -15798,7 +15879,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11374
+#: freeculture.xml:11434
 msgid ""
 "Yet that doesn't mean the life of the creative work ends. We don't keep "
 "libraries of books in order to compete with Barnes &amp; Noble, and we don't "
@@ -15812,7 +15893,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 233 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11387
+#: freeculture.xml:11447
 msgid ""
 "Copyrights in this context do not drive an engine of free expression.  In "
 "this context, there is no need for an exclusive right. Copyrights in this "
@@ -15820,7 +15901,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11394
+#: freeculture.xml:11454
 msgid ""
 "Yet, for most of our history, they also did little harm. For most of our "
 "history, when a work ended its commercial life, there was no "
@@ -15833,7 +15914,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11405
+#: freeculture.xml:11465
 msgid ""
 "The same was effectively true of film. Because the costs of restoring a "
 "film&mdash;the real economic costs, not the lawyer costs&mdash;were so high, "
@@ -15844,7 +15925,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11414
+#: freeculture.xml:11474
 msgid ""
 "In other words, though copyright has been relatively short for most of our "
 "history, long copyrights wouldn't have mattered for the works that lost "
@@ -15853,12 +15934,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11420
+#: freeculture.xml:11480
 msgid "But this situation has now changed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11424
+#: freeculture.xml:11484
 msgid ""
 "One crucially important consequence of the emergence of digital technologies "
 "is to enable the archive that Brewster Kahle dreams of.  Digital "
@@ -15873,7 +15954,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 234 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11437
+#: freeculture.xml:11497
 msgid ""
 "And now copyright law does get in the way. Every step of producing this "
 "digital archive of our culture infringes on the exclusive right of "
@@ -15886,7 +15967,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11447
+#: freeculture.xml:11507
 msgid ""
 "Here is the core of the harm that comes from extending terms: Now that "
 "technology enables us to rebuild the library of Alexandria, the law gets in "
@@ -15900,7 +15981,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11458
+#: freeculture.xml:11518
 msgid ""
 "You may well ask, <quote>But if digital technologies lower the costs for "
 "Brewster Kahle, then they will lower the costs for Random House, too.  So "
@@ -15909,7 +15990,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11464
+#: freeculture.xml:11524
 msgid ""
 "Maybe. Someday. But there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that "
 "publishers would be as complete as libraries. If Barnes &amp; Noble offered "
@@ -15924,7 +16005,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11488
+#: freeculture.xml:11548
 msgid ""
 "Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,</quote> "
 "20 December 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -15932,7 +16013,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11476
+#: freeculture.xml:11536
 msgid ""
 "I would be the first to agree that it should do as much as it can: We should "
 "rely upon the market as much as possible to spread and enable culture. My "
@@ -15946,7 +16027,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11495
+#: freeculture.xml:11555
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In January 1999</emphasis>, we filed a lawsuit on "
 "Eric Eldred's behalf in federal district court in Washington, D.C., asking "
@@ -15958,7 +16039,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11504
+#: freeculture.xml:11564
 msgid ""
 "The district court dismissed our claims without even hearing an argument.  A "
 "panel of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit also dismissed our "
@@ -15968,7 +16049,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11511
+#: freeculture.xml:11571
 msgid ""
 "Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "
 "be for <quote>limited Times</quote> only. His argument was as elegant as it "
@@ -15982,7 +16063,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11522
+#: freeculture.xml:11582
 msgid ""
 "We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
 "case. Cases are ordinarily heard in panels of three, except for important "
@@ -15991,13 +16072,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11527
+#: freeculture.xml:11587
 msgid "Tatel, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 236 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11529
+#: freeculture.xml:11589
 msgid ""
 "The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc.  This "
 "time, Judge Sentelle was joined by the most liberal member of the "
@@ -16007,7 +16088,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11538
+#: freeculture.xml:11598
 msgid ""
 "It was here that most expected Eldred v. Ashcroft would die, for the Supreme "
 "Court rarely reviews any decision by a court of appeals. (It hears about one "
@@ -16017,7 +16098,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11545
+#: freeculture.xml:11605
 msgid ""
 "But in February 2002, the Supreme Court surprised the world by granting our "
 "petition to review the D.C. Circuit opinion. Argument was set for October of "
@@ -16025,7 +16106,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11551
+#: freeculture.xml:11611
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is over</emphasis> a year later as I write these "
 "words. It is still astonishingly hard. If you know anything at all about "
@@ -16038,7 +16119,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11562
+#: freeculture.xml:11622
 msgid ""
 "But my client and these friends were wrong. This case could have been "
 "won. It should have been won. And no matter how hard I try to retell this "
@@ -16046,13 +16127,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11567 freeculture.xml:11581
+#: freeculture.xml:11627 freeculture.xml:11641
 msgid "Steward, Geoffrey"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 237 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11569
+#: freeculture.xml:11629
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The mistake</emphasis> was made early, though it "
 "became obvious only at the very end. Our case had been supported from the "
@@ -16064,17 +16145,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11579 freeculture.xml:11942 freeculture.xml:11958 freeculture.xml:12055 freeculture.xml:12275 freeculture.xml:12306 freeculture.xml:12404
+#: freeculture.xml:11639 freeculture.xml:12002 freeculture.xml:12018 freeculture.xml:12115 freeculture.xml:12335 freeculture.xml:12366 freeculture.xml:12464
 msgid "Ayer, Don"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11580
+#: freeculture.xml:11640
 msgid "Bromberg, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11583
+#: freeculture.xml:11643
 msgid ""
 "There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
 "the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite "
@@ -16087,7 +16168,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11593
+#: freeculture.xml:11653
 msgid ""
 "I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
 "dramatic harm to free speech and free culture. Of course I still think it "
@@ -16109,7 +16190,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11614
+#: freeculture.xml:11674
 msgid ""
 "In any case, I thought, the Court must already see the danger and the harm "
 "caused by this sort of law. Why else would they grant review? There was no "
@@ -16120,7 +16201,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 238 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11622
+#: freeculture.xml:11682
 msgid ""
 "There was one way, however, in which I felt politics would matter and in "
 "which I thought a response was appropriate. I was convinced that the Court "
@@ -16139,17 +16220,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11640 freeculture.xml:11667
+#: freeculture.xml:11700 freeculture.xml:11727
 msgid "Eagle Forum"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11641
+#: freeculture.xml:11701
 msgid "Schlafly, Phyllis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11643
+#: freeculture.xml:11703
 msgid ""
 "The first step happened all by itself. Phyllis Schlafly's organization, "
 "Eagle Forum, had been an opponent of the CTEA from the very beginning.  "
@@ -16166,7 +16247,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11657
+#: freeculture.xml:11717
 msgid ""
 "In the Court of Appeals, Eagle Forum was eager to file a brief supporting "
 "our position. Their brief made the argument that became the core claim in "
@@ -16177,7 +16258,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 239 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11669
+#: freeculture.xml:11729
 msgid ""
 "In the Supreme Court, the briefs on our side were about as diverse as it "
 "gets. They included an extraordinary historical brief by the Free Software "
@@ -16190,17 +16271,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11681
+#: freeculture.xml:11741
 msgid "American Association of Law Libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11682
+#: freeculture.xml:11742
 msgid "National Writers Union"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11684
+#: freeculture.xml:11744
 msgid ""
 "Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
 "there were a number of powerful briefs by libraries and archives, including "
@@ -16209,7 +16290,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11691
+#: freeculture.xml:11751
 msgid ""
 "But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the argument I've "
 "already described: A brief by Hal Roach Studios argued that unless the law "
@@ -16218,32 +16299,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11697
+#: freeculture.xml:11757
 msgid "Akerlof, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11698
+#: freeculture.xml:11758
 msgid "Arrow, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11699
+#: freeculture.xml:11759
 msgid "Buchanan, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11700
+#: freeculture.xml:11760
 msgid "Coase, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11701
+#: freeculture.xml:11761
 msgid "Friedman, Milton"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11703
+#: freeculture.xml:11763
 msgid ""
 "This economists' brief was signed by seventeen economists, including five "
 "Nobel Prize winners, including Ronald Coase, James Buchanan, Milton "
@@ -16257,28 +16338,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11713 freeculture.xml:11731 freeculture.xml:11944 freeculture.xml:12307
+#: freeculture.xml:11773 freeculture.xml:11791 freeculture.xml:12004 freeculture.xml:12367
 msgid "Fried, Charles"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11714
+#: freeculture.xml:11774
 msgid "Morrison, Alan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11715
+#: freeculture.xml:11775
 msgid "Public Citizen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11716 freeculture.xml:11943 freeculture.xml:13092
+#: freeculture.xml:11776 freeculture.xml:12003 freeculture.xml:13152
 msgid "Reagan, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 240 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11718
+#: freeculture.xml:11778
 msgid ""
 "The same effort at balance was reflected in the legal team we gathered to "
 "write our briefs in the case. The Jones Day lawyers had been with us from "
@@ -16292,17 +16373,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11732
+#: freeculture.xml:11792
 msgid "constitutional powers of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11733
+#: freeculture.xml:11793
 msgid "Commerce Clause of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11735
+#: freeculture.xml:11795
 msgid ""
 "Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor "
 "general was hired by the other side to defend Congress's power to give media "
@@ -16316,7 +16397,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11747
+#: freeculture.xml:11807
 msgid ""
 "The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "
 "well. Significantly, however, none of these <quote>friends</quote> included "
@@ -16326,7 +16407,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11754
+#: freeculture.xml:11814
 msgid ""
 "The media companies were not surprising. They had the most to gain from the "
 "law. The congressmen were not surprising either&mdash;they were defending "
@@ -16337,18 +16418,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11762
+#: freeculture.xml:11822
 msgid "Gershwin, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11763
+#: freeculture.xml:11823
 msgid "Porgy and Bess"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11773
+#: freeculture.xml:11833
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  (2003) (No. 01-618), 19."
@@ -16356,7 +16437,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11781
+#: freeculture.xml:11841
 msgid ""
 "Dinitia Smith, <quote>Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse "
 "Joins the Fray,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 28 March "
@@ -16365,7 +16446,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 241 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11766
+#: freeculture.xml:11826
 msgid ""
 "Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
 "Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work&mdash; better "
@@ -16382,7 +16463,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11790
+#: freeculture.xml:11850
 msgid ""
 "This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this debate.  "
 "When Congress decides to extend the term of existing copyrights, Congress is "
@@ -16397,7 +16478,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11802
+#: freeculture.xml:11862
 msgid ""
 "We argued as much in a final brief. Not only would upholding the CTEA mean "
 "that there was no limit to the power of Congress to extend "
@@ -16407,7 +16488,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11809
+#: freeculture.xml:11869
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Between February</emphasis> and October, there was "
 "little I did beyond preparing for this case. Early on, as I said, I set the "
@@ -16415,12 +16496,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11814 freeculture.xml:12000
+#: freeculture.xml:11874 freeculture.xml:12060
 msgid "O'Connor, Sandra Day"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11816
+#: freeculture.xml:11876
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "
 "<quote>the Conservatives.</quote> The other we called <quote>the "
@@ -16433,18 +16514,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11825 freeculture.xml:11850 freeculture.xml:12202 freeculture.xml:12214
+#: freeculture.xml:11885 freeculture.xml:11910 freeculture.xml:12262 freeculture.xml:12274
 msgid "Breyer, Stephen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11826 freeculture.xml:12166
+#: freeculture.xml:11886 freeculture.xml:12226
 msgid "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 242 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11828
+#: freeculture.xml:11888
 msgid ""
 "The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on "
 "Congress's power. These four&mdash;Justice Stevens, Justice Souter, Justice "
@@ -16457,7 +16538,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11840
+#: freeculture.xml:11900
 msgid ""
 "In particular, the least likely was Justice Ginsburg's. In addition to her "
 "general view about deference to Congress (except where issues of gender are "
@@ -16470,7 +16551,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11852
+#: freeculture.xml:11912
 msgid ""
 "Close behind Justice Ginsburg were two justices whom we also viewed as "
 "unlikely allies, though possible surprises. Justice Souter strongly favored "
@@ -16480,7 +16561,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11861
+#: freeculture.xml:11921
 msgid ""
 "The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice "
 "Stevens. History will record Justice Stevens as one of the greatest judges "
@@ -16491,7 +16572,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11869
+#: freeculture.xml:11929
 msgid ""
 "This analysis of <quote>the Rest</quote> showed most clearly where our focus "
 "had to be: on the Conservatives. To win this case, we had to crack open "
@@ -16504,7 +16585,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 243 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11879
+#: freeculture.xml:11939
 msgid ""
 "This then was the core of our strategy&mdash;a strategy for which I am "
 "responsible. We would get the Court to see that just as with the "
@@ -16519,7 +16600,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11893
+#: freeculture.xml:11953
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The argument</emphasis> on the government's side "
 "came down to this: Congress has done it before. It should be allowed to do "
@@ -16529,7 +16610,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11901
+#: freeculture.xml:11961
 msgid ""
 "There was some truth to the government's claim, but not much. We certainly "
 "agreed that Congress had extended existing terms in 1831 and in 1909. And of "
@@ -16538,7 +16619,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11908
+#: freeculture.xml:11968
 msgid ""
 "But this <quote>consistency</quote> should be kept in perspective. Congress "
 "extended existing terms once in the first hundred years of the Republic.  It "
@@ -16553,7 +16634,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 244 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11923
+#: freeculture.xml:11983
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Oral argument</emphasis> was scheduled for the first "
 "week in October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During "
@@ -16563,7 +16644,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11933
+#: freeculture.xml:11993
 msgid ""
 "I was convinced that to win, I had to keep the Court focused on a single "
 "point: that if this extension is permitted, then there is no limit to the "
@@ -16574,7 +16655,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11946
+#: freeculture.xml:12006
 msgid ""
 "One moot was before the lawyers at Jones Day. Don Ayer was the skeptic. He "
 "had served in the Reagan Justice Department with Solicitor General Charles "
@@ -16583,7 +16664,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11952
+#: freeculture.xml:12012
 msgid ""
 "<quote>I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
 "willing to upset this practice that the government says has been a "
@@ -16593,7 +16674,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11960
+#: freeculture.xml:12020
 msgid ""
 "He may have argued many cases before this Court, I thought, but he didn't "
 "understand its soul. As a clerk, I had seen the Justices do the right "
@@ -16607,7 +16688,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 245 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11970
+#: freeculture.xml:12030
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The night before</emphasis> the argument, a line of "
 "people began to form in front of the Supreme Court. The case had become a "
@@ -16617,7 +16698,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11980
+#: freeculture.xml:12040
 msgid ""
 "Not everyone has to wait in line. People who know the Justices can ask for "
 "seats they control. (I asked Justice Scalia's chambers for seats for my "
@@ -16633,7 +16714,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11995
+#: freeculture.xml:12055
 msgid ""
 "When the Chief Justice called me to begin my argument, I began where I "
 "intended to stay: on the question of the limits on Congress's power. This "
@@ -16642,14 +16723,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12002
+#: freeculture.xml:12062
 msgid ""
 "Justice O'Connor stopped me within one minute of my opening.  The history "
 "was bothering her."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12007
+#: freeculture.xml:12067
 msgid ""
 "justice o'connor: Congress has extended the term so often through the years, "
 "and if you are right, don't we run the risk of upsetting previous extensions "
@@ -16658,7 +16739,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12014
+#: freeculture.xml:12074
 msgid ""
 "She was quite willing to concede <quote>that this flies directly in the face "
 "of what the framers had in mind.</quote> But my response again and again was "
@@ -16667,7 +16748,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 246 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12020
+#: freeculture.xml:12080
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Well, if it flies in the face of what the framers had in mind, "
 "then the question is, is there a way of interpreting their words that gives "
@@ -16675,14 +16756,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12028
+#: freeculture.xml:12088
 msgid ""
 "There were two points in this argument when I should have seen where the "
 "Court was going. The first was a question by Justice Kennedy, who observed,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12034
+#: freeculture.xml:12094
 msgid ""
 "justice kennedy: Well, I suppose implicit in the argument that the '76 act, "
 "too, should have been declared void, and that we might leave it alone "
@@ -16692,14 +16773,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12042
+#: freeculture.xml:12102
 msgid ""
 "Here follows my clear mistake. Like a professor correcting a student, I "
 "answered,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12048
+#: freeculture.xml:12108
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all.  Nothing "
 "in our Copyright Clause claim hangs upon the empirical assertion about "
@@ -16709,7 +16790,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12057
+#: freeculture.xml:12117
 msgid ""
 "That was a correct answer, but it wasn't the right answer. The right answer "
 "was instead that there was an obvious and profound harm. Any number of "
@@ -16719,7 +16800,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12064
+#: freeculture.xml:12124
 msgid ""
 "The second came from the Chief, for whom the whole case had been "
 "crafted. For the Chief Justice had crafted the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> "
@@ -16728,21 +16809,21 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 247 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12069
+#: freeculture.xml:12129
 msgid ""
 "It was clear a second into his question that he wasn't at all sympathetic.  "
 "To him, we were a bunch of anarchists. As he asked:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12076
+#: freeculture.xml:12136
 msgid ""
 "chief justice: Well, but you want more than that. You want the right to copy "
 "verbatim other people's books, don't you?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12080
+#: freeculture.xml:12140
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: We want the right to copy verbatim works that should be in the "
 "public domain and would be in the public domain but for a statute that "
@@ -16751,12 +16832,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12088
+#: freeculture.xml:12148
 msgid "Olson, Theodore B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12090
+#: freeculture.xml:12150
 msgid ""
 "Things went better for us when the government gave its argument; for now the "
 "Court picked up on the core of our claim. As Justice Scalia asked Solicitor "
@@ -16764,7 +16845,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12096
+#: freeculture.xml:12156
 msgid ""
 "justice scalia: You say that the functional equivalent of an unlimited time "
 "would be a violation [of the Constitution], but that's precisely the "
@@ -16773,7 +16854,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12104
+#: freeculture.xml:12164
 msgid ""
 "When Olson was finished, it was my turn to give a closing rebuttal.  Olson's "
 "flailing had revived my anger. But my anger still was directed to the "
@@ -16789,7 +16870,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 248 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12117
+#: freeculture.xml:12177
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I left</emphasis> the court that day, I knew "
 "there were a hundred points I wished I could remake. There were a hundred "
@@ -16798,7 +16879,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12126
+#: freeculture.xml:12186
 msgid ""
 "The government had been asked over and over again, what is the limit? Over "
 "and over again, it had answered there is no limit. This was precisely the "
@@ -16815,7 +16896,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12141
+#: freeculture.xml:12201
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The morning</emphasis> of January 15, 2003, I was "
 "five minutes late to the office and missed the 7:00 A.M. call from the "
@@ -16826,7 +16907,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12149
+#: freeculture.xml:12209
 msgid ""
 "A few seconds later, the opinions arrived by e-mail. I took the phone off "
 "the hook, posted an announcement to our blog, and sat down to see where I "
@@ -16834,7 +16915,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12154
+#: freeculture.xml:12214
 msgid ""
 "My <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. Here was a case that pitted all the money "
 "in the world against <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. And here was the last "
@@ -16842,7 +16923,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12160
+#: freeculture.xml:12220
 msgid ""
 "I first scoured the opinion, looking for how the Court would distinguish the "
 "principle in this case from the principle in "
@@ -16853,7 +16934,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 249 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12170
+#: freeculture.xml:12230
 msgid ""
 "Justice Ginsburg simply ignored the enumerated powers argument.  Consistent "
 "with her view that Congress's power was not limited generally, she had found "
@@ -16861,7 +16942,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12175
+#: freeculture.xml:12235
 msgid ""
 "Her opinion was perfectly reasonable&mdash;for her, and for Justice "
 "Souter. Neither believes in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. It would be too "
@@ -16870,7 +16951,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12181
+#: freeculture.xml:12241
 msgid ""
 "But as I realized what had happened, I couldn't quite believe what I was "
 "reading. I had said there was no way this Court could reconcile limited "
@@ -16884,7 +16965,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12192
+#: freeculture.xml:12252
 msgid ""
 "Yet by what right did they get to choose which of the framers' values they "
 "would respect? By what right did they&mdash;the silent five&mdash;get to "
@@ -16897,7 +16978,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12204
+#: freeculture.xml:12264
 msgid ""
 "Justices Breyer and Stevens wrote very strong dissents. Stevens's opinion "
 "was crafted internal to the law: He argued that the tradition of "
@@ -16912,7 +16993,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 250 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12217
+#: freeculture.xml:12277
 msgid ""
 "Justice Breyer's opinion, perhaps the best opinion he has ever written, was "
 "external to the Constitution. He argued that the term of copyrights has "
@@ -16926,7 +17007,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12228
+#: freeculture.xml:12288
 msgid ""
 "These two justices understood all the arguments we had made. But because "
 "neither believed in the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, neither was "
@@ -16937,7 +17018,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12235
+#: freeculture.xml:12295
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Defeat brings depression</emphasis>. They say it is "
 "a sign of health when depression gives way to anger. My anger came quickly, "
@@ -16945,12 +17026,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12240
+#: freeculture.xml:12300
 msgid "originalism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12242
+#: freeculture.xml:12302
 msgid ""
 "It was first anger with the five <quote>Conservatives.</quote> It would have "
 "been one thing for them to have explained why the principle of "
@@ -16968,7 +17049,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 251 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12255
+#: freeculture.xml:12315
 msgid ""
 "Here, they had joined an opinion that never once tried to explain what the "
 "framers had meant by crafting the Progress Clause as they did; they joined "
@@ -16983,7 +17064,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12270
+#: freeculture.xml:12330
 msgid ""
 "My anger with the Conservatives quickly yielded to anger with myself.  For I "
 "had let a view of the law that I liked interfere with a view of the law as "
@@ -16991,7 +17072,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12277
+#: freeculture.xml:12337
 msgid ""
 "Most lawyers, and most law professors, have little patience for idealism "
 "about courts in general and this Supreme Court in particular.  Most have a "
@@ -17006,7 +17087,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 252 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12288
+#: freeculture.xml:12348
 msgid ""
 "As I read back over the transcript from that argument in October, I can see "
 "a hundred places where the answers could have taken the conversation in "
@@ -17025,7 +17106,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12309
+#: freeculture.xml:12369
 msgid ""
 "Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it have "
 "been different if Don Ayer had argued it? Or Charles Fried? Or Kathleen "
@@ -17033,7 +17114,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12314
+#: freeculture.xml:12374
 msgid ""
 "My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court was not "
 "ready, my friends insisted. This was a loss that was destined. It would take "
@@ -17042,7 +17123,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12320
+#: freeculture.xml:12380
 msgid ""
 "Maybe, but I doubt it. These Justices have no financial interest in doing "
 "anything except the right thing. They are not lobbied. They have little "
@@ -17052,7 +17133,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12328
+#: freeculture.xml:12388
 msgid ""
 "And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in "
 "January. For at the start of this case, one of America's leading "
@@ -17062,7 +17143,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12335
+#: freeculture.xml:12395
 msgid ""
 "After the argument and after the decision, Peter said to me, and publicly, "
 "that he was wrong. But if indeed that Court could not have been persuaded, "
@@ -17075,7 +17156,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 253 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12344
+#: freeculture.xml:12404
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>While the reaction</emphasis> to the Sonny Bono Act "
 "itself was almost unanimously negative, the reaction to the Court's decision "
@@ -17089,7 +17170,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12359
+#: freeculture.xml:12419
 msgid ""
 "In effect, the Supreme Court's decision makes it likely that we are seeing "
 "the beginning of the end of public domain and the birth of copyright "
@@ -17100,12 +17181,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12373 freeculture.xml:12378
+#: freeculture.xml:12433 freeculture.xml:12438
 msgid "Bolling, Ruben"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12368
+#: freeculture.xml:12428
 msgid ""
 "The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
 "images&mdash;of Mickey in jail and the like. The best, from my view of the "
@@ -17116,19 +17197,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12376
+#: freeculture.xml:12436
 msgid "Tom the Dancing Bug cartoon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:12377
+#: freeculture.xml:12437
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/18.png\"></graphic> <placeholder "
 "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12381
+#: freeculture.xml:12441
 msgid ""
 "The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>. That <quote>grand "
@@ -17141,12 +17222,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12392
+#: freeculture.xml:12452
 msgid "CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Eldred II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12394
+#: freeculture.xml:12454
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The day</emphasis> <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was "
 "decided, fate would have it that I was to travel to Washington, D.C. (The "
@@ -17159,7 +17240,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12406
+#: freeculture.xml:12466
 msgid ""
 "It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
 "Francisco to Washington, I had heard over and over again in my head the same "
@@ -17173,7 +17254,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 256 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12416
+#: freeculture.xml:12476
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> published the piece. In it, I "
 "proposed a simple fix: Fifty years after a work has been published, the "
@@ -17183,7 +17264,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12424
+#: freeculture.xml:12484
 msgid ""
 "We called this the Eldred Act, but that was just to give it a name.  Eric "
 "Eldred was kind enough to let his name be used once again, but as he said "
@@ -17191,7 +17272,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12429
+#: freeculture.xml:12489
 msgid ""
 "Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "
 "the <quote>Public Domain Enhancement Act</quote> or the <quote>Copyright "
@@ -17203,12 +17284,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12437 freeculture.xml:12638
+#: freeculture.xml:12497 freeculture.xml:12698
 msgid "Forbes, Steve"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12439
+#: freeculture.xml:12499
 msgid ""
 "The reaction to this idea was amazingly strong. Steve Forbes endorsed it in "
 "an editorial. I received an avalanche of e-mail and letters expressing "
@@ -17222,7 +17303,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12451
+#: freeculture.xml:12511
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, many recognized the obvious benefit of the registration "
 "requirement.  For one of the hardest things about the current system for "
@@ -17235,22 +17316,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12461
+#: freeculture.xml:12521
 msgid "Berlin Act (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12462 freeculture.xml:12503
+#: freeculture.xml:12522 freeculture.xml:12563
 msgid "Berne Convention (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12470
+#: freeculture.xml:12530
 msgid "German copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12470
+#: freeculture.xml:12530
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the "
 "Berne Convention, national copyright legislation sometimes made protection "
@@ -17273,7 +17354,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12465
+#: freeculture.xml:12525
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, formalities in copyright law were removed in 1976, "
@@ -17288,7 +17369,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12497
+#: freeculture.xml:12557
 msgid ""
 "That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
 "copyright policy. It is absurd especially for authors, because a world "
@@ -17298,7 +17379,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12505
+#: freeculture.xml:12565
 msgid ""
 "The fight against formalities achieved its first real victory in Berlin in "
 "1908. International copyright lawyers amended the Berne Convention in 1908, "
@@ -17311,7 +17392,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12515
+#: freeculture.xml:12575
 msgid ""
 "These complaints were real and sensible. And the strictness of the "
 "formalities, especially in the United States, was absurd. The law should "
@@ -17322,7 +17403,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12523
+#: freeculture.xml:12583
 msgid ""
 "Even that would have been resisted, however, because registration in the "
 "nineteenth and twentieth centuries was still expensive. It was also a "
@@ -17333,7 +17414,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 258 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12531
+#: freeculture.xml:12591
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the practical complaint of authors in 1908, there was a moral "
 "claim as well. There was no reason that creative property should be a "
@@ -17345,7 +17426,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12543
+#: freeculture.xml:12603
 msgid ""
 "This argument is correct, but its implications are misleading. For the "
 "argument in favor of formalities does not depend upon creative property "
@@ -17356,7 +17437,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12552
+#: freeculture.xml:12612
 msgid ""
 "No one thinks, for example, that land is second-class property just because "
 "you have to register a deed with a court if your sale of land is to be "
@@ -17374,7 +17455,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12568
+#: freeculture.xml:12628
 msgid ""
 "It is similarly special physics that makes formalities important in "
 "copyright law. Unlike a carpenter's table, there's nothing in nature that "
@@ -17389,7 +17470,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12583
+#: freeculture.xml:12643
 msgid ""
 "This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "
 "tried to demonstrate to the Court. This was the part it didn't "
@@ -17402,7 +17483,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12593
+#: freeculture.xml:12653
 msgid ""
 "But now that copyrights can be just about a century long, the inability to "
 "know what is protected and what is not protected becomes a huge and obvious "
@@ -17414,7 +17495,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12602
+#: freeculture.xml:12662
 msgid ""
 "The Eldred Act was designed to respond to exactly this problem. If it is "
 "worth $1 to you, then register your work and you can get the longer "
@@ -17424,7 +17505,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12609
+#: freeculture.xml:12669
 msgid ""
 "If it isn't worth it to you to register to get the benefit of an extended "
 "term, then it shouldn't be worth it for the government to defend your "
@@ -17434,7 +17515,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12616
+#: freeculture.xml:12676
 msgid ""
 "Some worry about the burden on authors. Won't the burden of registering the "
 "work mean that the $1 is really misleading? Isn't the hassle worth more than "
@@ -17443,7 +17524,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 260 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12622
+#: freeculture.xml:12682
 msgid ""
 "It is. The hassle is terrible. The system that exists now is awful. I "
 "completely agree that the Copyright Office has done a terrible job (no doubt "
@@ -17461,7 +17542,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12640
+#: freeculture.xml:12700
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>When Steve Forbes</emphasis> endorsed the idea, some "
 "in Washington began to pay attention. Many people contacted me pointing to "
@@ -17471,12 +17552,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12646
+#: freeculture.xml:12706
 msgid "Lofgren, Zoe"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12648
+#: freeculture.xml:12708
 msgid ""
 "One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
 "bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
@@ -17487,7 +17568,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12657
+#: freeculture.xml:12717
 msgid ""
 "But at this stage, the lobbyists began to intervene. Jack Valenti and the "
 "MPAA general counsel came to the congresswoman's office to give the view of "
@@ -17499,7 +17580,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 261 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12665
+#: freeculture.xml:12725
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA argued first that Congress had <quote>firmly rejected the central "
 "concept in the proposed bill</quote>&mdash;that copyrights be renewed. That "
@@ -17521,7 +17602,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12686
+#: freeculture.xml:12746
 msgid ""
 "Finally, the MPAA argued that existing law enabled copyright owners to do "
 "this if they wanted. But the whole point is that there are thousands of "
@@ -17532,7 +17613,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12694
+#: freeculture.xml:12754
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At the beginning</emphasis> of this book, I told two "
 "stories about the law reacting to changes in technology. In the one, common "
@@ -17545,7 +17626,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12704
+#: freeculture.xml:12764
 msgid ""
 "I used these two cases as a way to frame the war that this book has been "
 "about. For here, too, a new technology is forcing the law to react.  And "
@@ -17555,7 +17636,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 262 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12713
+#: freeculture.xml:12773
 msgid ""
 "When the issue is piracy, it is right for the law to back the copyright "
 "owners. The commercial piracy that I described is wrong and harmful, and the "
@@ -17569,12 +17650,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12723
+#: freeculture.xml:12783
 msgid "Kelly, Kevin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12725
+#: freeculture.xml:12785
 msgid ""
 "But when the copyright owners oppose a proposal such as the Eldred Act, "
 "then, finally, there is an example that lays bare the naked selfinterest "
@@ -17587,12 +17668,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12735
+#: freeculture.xml:12795
 msgid "What does this industry really want?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12738
+#: freeculture.xml:12798
 msgid ""
 "With very little effort, the warriors could protect their content. So the "
 "effort to block something like the Eldred Act is not really about protecting "
@@ -17605,7 +17686,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12749
+#: freeculture.xml:12809
 msgid ""
 "The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
 "most powerful and sexy and well loved of lobbies really has as its aim not "
@@ -17616,7 +17697,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 263 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12757
+#: freeculture.xml:12817
 msgid ""
 "It is not hard to understand why the warriors take this view. It is not hard "
 "to see why it would benefit them if the competition of the public domain "
@@ -17627,7 +17708,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12769
+#: freeculture.xml:12829
 msgid ""
 "What is hard to understand is why the public takes this view. It is as if "
 "the law made airplanes trespassers. The MPAA stands with the Causbys and "
@@ -17637,7 +17718,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12776
+#: freeculture.xml:12836
 msgid ""
 "All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "
 "<quote>property</quote> in intellectual property. Common sense supports it, "
@@ -17649,47 +17730,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12788
+#: freeculture.xml:12848
 msgid "CONCLUSION"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12789
+#: freeculture.xml:12849
 msgid "Africa, medications for HIV patients in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12790
+#: freeculture.xml:12850
 msgid "AIDS medications"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12791
+#: freeculture.xml:12851
 msgid "antiretroviral drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12792
+#: freeculture.xml:12852
 msgid "developing countries, foreign patent costs in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12793 freeculture.xml:13304
+#: freeculture.xml:12853 freeculture.xml:13364
 msgid "drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12793 freeculture.xml:13304
+#: freeculture.xml:12853 freeculture.xml:13364
 msgid "pharmaceutical"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12794
+#: freeculture.xml:12854
 msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12796
+#: freeculture.xml:12856
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are more</emphasis> than 35 million people "
 "with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-five million of them live in "
@@ -17699,7 +17780,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12803
+#: freeculture.xml:12863
 msgid ""
 "There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression.  "
 "These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "
@@ -17710,7 +17791,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12818
+#: freeculture.xml:12878
 msgid ""
 "Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
 "Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
@@ -17721,7 +17802,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12811
+#: freeculture.xml:12871
 msgid ""
 "These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
 "States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "
@@ -17733,23 +17814,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12827 freeculture.xml:13306
+#: freeculture.xml:12887 freeculture.xml:13366
 msgid "patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12827 freeculture.xml:13306
+#: freeculture.xml:12887 freeculture.xml:13366
 msgid "on pharmaceuticals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12828
+#: freeculture.xml:12888
 msgid "pharmaceutical patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 265 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12831
+#: freeculture.xml:12891
 msgid ""
 "These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
 "expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by "
@@ -17760,7 +17841,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12839
+#: freeculture.xml:12899
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
 "not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "
@@ -17773,7 +17854,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12850
+#: freeculture.xml:12910
 msgid ""
 "But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
 "thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "
@@ -17783,27 +17864,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12856
+#: freeculture.xml:12916
 msgid "international law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12857
+#: freeculture.xml:12917
 msgid "parallel importation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12858
+#: freeculture.xml:12918
 msgid "South Africa, Republic of, pharmaceutical imports by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12871 freeculture.xml:13362
+#: freeculture.xml:12931 freeculture.xml:13422
 msgid "Braithwaite, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12869
+#: freeculture.xml:12929
 msgid ""
 "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism: "
 "Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
@@ -17812,7 +17893,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12860
+#: freeculture.xml:12920
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
 "importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
@@ -17824,13 +17905,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12875
+#: freeculture.xml:12935
 msgid "United States Trade Representative (USTR)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12883
+#: freeculture.xml:12943
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -17845,7 +17926,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12910
+#: freeculture.xml:12970
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -17854,7 +17935,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12877
+#: freeculture.xml:12937
 msgid ""
 "However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
 "opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
@@ -17877,7 +17958,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12917
+#: freeculture.xml:12977
 msgid ""
 "We should place the intervention by the United States in context.  No doubt "
 "patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "
@@ -17889,7 +17970,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12927
+#: freeculture.xml:12987
 msgid ""
 "By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
 "government was not saving drugs for United States citizens.  This is not "
@@ -17900,7 +17981,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12935
+#: freeculture.xml:12995
 msgid ""
 "Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
 "of United States drug companies&mdash;at least, not substantially. It was "
@@ -17914,7 +17995,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f5. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 333 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12950
+#: freeculture.xml:13010
 msgid ""
 "See Sabin Russell, <quote>New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's "
 "Needs at Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco "
@@ -17932,7 +18013,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12944
+#: freeculture.xml:13004
 msgid ""
 "Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
 "which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
@@ -17944,7 +18025,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12972
+#: freeculture.xml:13032
 msgid ""
 "Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
 "when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
@@ -17957,17 +18038,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12981
+#: freeculture.xml:13041
 msgid "corporations"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12981
+#: freeculture.xml:13041
 msgid "in pharmaceutical industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12983
+#: freeculture.xml:13043
 msgid ""
 "Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations.  Their "
 "managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation.  They push a "
@@ -17978,7 +18059,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12991
+#: freeculture.xml:13051
 msgid ""
 "The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
 "companies would love&mdash;they say, and I believe them&mdash;to sell their "
@@ -17989,13 +18070,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12998
+#: freeculture.xml:13058
 msgid "of drug patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 268 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13000
+#: freeculture.xml:13060
 msgid ""
 "A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
 "grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
@@ -18012,7 +18093,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13022
+#: freeculture.xml:13082
 msgid ""
 "So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
 "When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "
@@ -18020,7 +18101,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13028
+#: freeculture.xml:13088
 msgid ""
 "A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
 "system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same "
@@ -18034,7 +18115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13043
+#: freeculture.xml:13103
 msgid ""
 "But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
 "critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism.  "
@@ -18046,7 +18127,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 269 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13052
+#: freeculture.xml:13112
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A simple idea</emphasis> blinds us, and under the "
 "cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if any of us "
@@ -18061,7 +18142,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13066
+#: freeculture.xml:13126
 msgid ""
 "So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
 "see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
@@ -18078,68 +18159,68 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13079 freeculture.xml:13831
+#: freeculture.xml:13139 freeculture.xml:13891
 msgid "academic journals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13080 freeculture.xml:13093
+#: freeculture.xml:13140 freeculture.xml:13153
 msgid "biomedical research"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13081 freeculture.xml:13249
+#: freeculture.xml:13141 freeculture.xml:13309
 msgid "international organization on issues of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13083 freeculture.xml:13198 freeculture.xml:13762
+#: freeculture.xml:13143 freeculture.xml:13258 freeculture.xml:13822
 msgid "IBM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13084 freeculture.xml:13896
+#: freeculture.xml:13144 freeculture.xml:13956
 msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13085 freeculture.xml:13897
+#: freeculture.xml:13145 freeculture.xml:13957
 msgid "Public Library of Science (PLoS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13086
+#: freeculture.xml:13146
 msgid "public projects in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13087
+#: freeculture.xml:13147
 msgid "single nucleotied polymorphisms (SNPs)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13088
+#: freeculture.xml:13148
 msgid "Wellcome Trust"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13089 freeculture.xml:13250
+#: freeculture.xml:13149 freeculture.xml:13310
 msgid "World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13090
+#: freeculture.xml:13150
 msgid "World Wide Web"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13091
+#: freeculture.xml:13151
 msgid "Global Positioning System"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13098
+#: freeculture.xml:13158
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink "
@@ -18155,7 +18236,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 270 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13095
+#: freeculture.xml:13155
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In August 2003</emphasis>, a fight broke out in the "
 "United States about a decision by the World Intellectual Property "
@@ -18179,7 +18260,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13129
+#: freeculture.xml:13189
 msgid ""
 "The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
 "common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "
@@ -18189,20 +18270,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13135
+#: freeculture.xml:13195
 msgid "in international debate on intellectual property"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13138
+#: freeculture.xml:13198
 msgid ""
 "I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
 "meeting."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13137
+#: freeculture.xml:13197
 msgid ""
 "From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was "
 "ideal.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its "
@@ -18213,13 +18294,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13147 freeculture.xml:13303
+#: freeculture.xml:13207 freeculture.xml:13363
 msgid "World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 271 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13149
+#: freeculture.xml:13209
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
 "WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
@@ -18243,7 +18324,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13173
+#: freeculture.xml:13233
 msgid ""
 "So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
 "thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
@@ -18252,17 +18333,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13182 freeculture.xml:14893
+#: freeculture.xml:13242 freeculture.xml:14953
 msgid "Apple Corporation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13183
+#: freeculture.xml:13243
 msgid "on free software"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13185
+#: freeculture.xml:13245
 msgid ""
 "But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
 "least among lobbyists. That project is <quote>open source and free "
@@ -18276,13 +18357,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13195
+#: freeculture.xml:13255
 msgid "<quote>copyleft</quote> licenses"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13211
+#: freeculture.xml:13271
 msgid ""
 "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
 "sophisticated.  As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
@@ -18303,7 +18384,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13200
+#: freeculture.xml:13260
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
 "that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
@@ -18318,18 +18399,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13229
+#: freeculture.xml:13289
 msgid "General Public License (GPL)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13230
+#: freeculture.xml:13290
 msgid "GPL (General Public License)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 272 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13232
+#: freeculture.xml:13292
 msgid ""
 "More important for our purposes, to support <quote>open source and free "
 "software</quote> is not to oppose copyright. <quote>Open source and free "
@@ -18347,25 +18428,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13251
+#: freeculture.xml:13311
 msgid "Krim, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13252
+#: freeculture.xml:13312
 msgid "WIPO meeting opposed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13262
+#: freeculture.xml:13322
 msgid ""
 "Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> available at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13254
+#: freeculture.xml:13314
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
 "Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
@@ -18378,7 +18459,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13268
+#: freeculture.xml:13328
 msgid ""
 "I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
 "consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "
@@ -18388,12 +18469,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13276 freeculture.xml:13334
+#: freeculture.xml:13336 freeculture.xml:13394
 msgid "Boland, Lois"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13278
+#: freeculture.xml:13338
 msgid ""
 "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
 "the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
@@ -18405,12 +18486,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13289
+#: freeculture.xml:13349
 msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13294
+#: freeculture.xml:13354
 msgid ""
 "First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
 "software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
@@ -18423,12 +18504,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13305
+#: freeculture.xml:13365
 msgid "generic drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13308
+#: freeculture.xml:13368
 msgid ""
 "Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to "
 "<quote>promote</quote> intellectual property maximally? As I had been "
@@ -18444,7 +18525,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13322
+#: freeculture.xml:13382
 msgid ""
 "Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
 "intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
@@ -18460,7 +18541,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 274 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13336
+#: freeculture.xml:13396
 msgid ""
 "When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting "
 "<quote>which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,</quote> "
@@ -18474,17 +18555,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13347
+#: freeculture.xml:13407
 msgid "feudal system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13348
+#: freeculture.xml:13408
 msgid "feudal system of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13350
+#: freeculture.xml:13410
 msgid ""
 "There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
 "Anglo-American tradition. It is called <quote>feudalism.</quote> Under "
@@ -18498,14 +18579,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13367
+#: freeculture.xml:13427
 msgid ""
 "See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
 "210&ndash;20.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13364
+#: freeculture.xml:13424
 msgid ""
 "As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
 "are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -18516,7 +18597,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13378
+#: freeculture.xml:13438
 msgid ""
 "When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
 "section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "
@@ -18526,7 +18607,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 275 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13387
+#: freeculture.xml:13447
 msgid ""
 "George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
 "should be (<quote>the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should "
@@ -18539,7 +18620,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13399
+#: freeculture.xml:13459
 msgid ""
 "I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
 "the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "
@@ -18552,7 +18633,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13410
+#: freeculture.xml:13470
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea.  Instead, the "
 "poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the "
@@ -18564,7 +18645,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13418
+#: freeculture.xml:13478
 msgid ""
 "I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
 "too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "
@@ -18572,7 +18653,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13424
+#: freeculture.xml:13484
 msgid ""
 "But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
 "should be to <quote>seek balance,</quote> then count me with the silly, for "
@@ -18587,7 +18668,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 276 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13435
+#: freeculture.xml:13495
 msgid ""
 "It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the "
 "truth. It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something "
@@ -18597,17 +18678,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13443
+#: freeculture.xml:13503
 msgid "If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13447
+#: freeculture.xml:13507
 msgid "Turner, Ted"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13449
+#: freeculture.xml:13509
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are moments</emphasis> of hope in this "
 "struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was considering relaxing "
@@ -18621,7 +18702,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13460
+#: freeculture.xml:13520
 msgid ""
 "This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
 "Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "
@@ -18631,7 +18712,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13468
+#: freeculture.xml:13528
 msgid ""
 "But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle.  Largeness "
 "as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "
@@ -18641,7 +18722,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13475
+#: freeculture.xml:13535
 msgid ""
 "The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
 "instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "
@@ -18653,7 +18734,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13485
+#: freeculture.xml:13545
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
 "and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
@@ -18663,7 +18744,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13492
+#: freeculture.xml:13552
 msgid ""
 "It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
 "could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
@@ -18674,20 +18755,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13500
+#: freeculture.xml:13560
 msgid ""
 "If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
 "tragedy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13503
+#: freeculture.xml:13563
 msgid "Dylan, Bob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13509
+#: freeculture.xml:13569
 msgid ""
 "John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,</quote> CNET News.com, "
 "September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18706,7 +18787,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13527
+#: freeculture.xml:13587
 msgid ""
 "Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued &hellip; by a Little Old "
 "Lady,</quote> mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18716,7 +18797,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f13. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 334 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13534
+#: freeculture.xml:13594
 msgid ""
 "Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
 "Dylan Songs,</quote> Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18724,7 +18805,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13505
+#: freeculture.xml:13565
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I write</emphasis> these final words, the news is "
 "filled with stories about the RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred "
@@ -18744,38 +18825,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13551
+#: freeculture.xml:13611
 msgid "BBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13552
+#: freeculture.xml:13612
 msgid "Brazil, free culture in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13553 freeculture.xml:13925
+#: freeculture.xml:13613 freeculture.xml:13985
 msgid "Creative Commons"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13554
+#: freeculture.xml:13614
 msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13555
+#: freeculture.xml:13615
 msgid "United Kingdom"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13555
+#: freeculture.xml:13615
 msgid "public creative archive in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13560
+#: freeculture.xml:13620
 msgid ""
 "<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,</quote> BBC press "
 "release, 24 August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18784,7 +18865,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13569
+#: freeculture.xml:13629
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil,</quote> Creative Commons Weblog, 6 "
 "August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -18793,7 +18874,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 278 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13557
+#: freeculture.xml:13617
 msgid ""
 "Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
 "will build a <quote>Creative Archive,</quote> from which British citizens "
@@ -18812,20 +18893,20 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 279 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13583
+#: freeculture.xml:13643
 msgid ""
 "Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
 "potential is ever to be realized."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13591
+#: freeculture.xml:13651
 msgid "AFTERWORD"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 280 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13595
+#: freeculture.xml:13655
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will "
 "agree with me that something must be done to change where we are "
@@ -18833,7 +18914,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13600
+#: freeculture.xml:13660
 msgid ""
 "I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
 "which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can "
@@ -18842,7 +18923,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13606
+#: freeculture.xml:13666
 msgid ""
 "That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
 "significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, "
@@ -18851,7 +18932,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13613
+#: freeculture.xml:13673
 msgid ""
 "Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
 "an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think "
@@ -18861,12 +18942,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13622
+#: freeculture.xml:13682
 msgid "US, NOW"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13624
+#: freeculture.xml:13684
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright "
 "warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes&mdash;as "
@@ -18876,7 +18957,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13631
+#: freeculture.xml:13691
 msgid ""
 "The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
 "this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "
@@ -18890,7 +18971,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 282 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13641
+#: freeculture.xml:13701
 msgid ""
 "When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
 "tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be "
@@ -18902,7 +18983,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13653
+#: freeculture.xml:13713
 msgid ""
 "This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
 "by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through "
@@ -18919,7 +19000,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13667
+#: freeculture.xml:13727
 msgid ""
 "What's needed is a way to say something in the middle&mdash;neither "
 "<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but "
@@ -18930,12 +19011,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13676
+#: freeculture.xml:13736
 msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13679
+#: freeculture.xml:13739
 msgid ""
 "If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
 "recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the "
@@ -18947,12 +19028,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13689
+#: freeculture.xml:13749
 msgid "What made it assured?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13693
+#: freeculture.xml:13753
 msgid ""
 "Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
 "xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
@@ -18970,17 +19051,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13708
+#: freeculture.xml:13768
 msgid "Amazon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13709
+#: freeculture.xml:13769
 msgid "cookies, Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13711
+#: freeculture.xml:13771
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
 "become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
@@ -18993,7 +19074,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13721
+#: freeculture.xml:13781
 msgid ""
 "Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
 "libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "
@@ -19006,7 +19087,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13738
+#: freeculture.xml:13798
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the "
 "Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> "
@@ -19021,7 +19102,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 284 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13732
+#: freeculture.xml:13792
 msgid ""
 "It is this reality that explains the push of many to define "
 "<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that "
@@ -19035,7 +19116,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13756
+#: freeculture.xml:13816
 msgid ""
 "A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software "
 "movement. When computers with software were first made available "
@@ -19047,12 +19128,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13764
+#: freeculture.xml:13824
 msgid "Stallman, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13766
+#: freeculture.xml:13826
 msgid ""
 "That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
 "researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
@@ -19062,7 +19143,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13774
+#: freeculture.xml:13834
 msgid ""
 "In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
 "math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone "
@@ -19076,7 +19157,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13786
+#: freeculture.xml:13846
 msgid ""
 "No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
 "computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system "
@@ -19089,7 +19170,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 285 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13795
+#: freeculture.xml:13855
 msgid ""
 "Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
 "1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code.  The world of "
@@ -19099,12 +19180,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13803
+#: freeculture.xml:13863
 msgid "Torvalds, Linus"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13805
+#: freeculture.xml:13865
 msgid ""
 "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
 "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
@@ -19115,7 +19196,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13813
+#: freeculture.xml:13873
 msgid ""
 "Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
 "that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software "
@@ -19128,7 +19209,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13824
+#: freeculture.xml:13884
 msgid ""
 "Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
 "privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken "
@@ -19139,12 +19220,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13832
+#: freeculture.xml:13892
 msgid "scientific journals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13834
+#: freeculture.xml:13894
 msgid ""
 "Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
 "the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific "
@@ -19152,23 +19233,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13838
+#: freeculture.xml:13898
 msgid "Lexis and Westlaw"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13840
+#: freeculture.xml:13900
 msgid "journals in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13841
+#: freeculture.xml:13901
 msgid "access to opinions of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 286 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13843
+#: freeculture.xml:13903
 msgid ""
 "As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
 "printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to "
@@ -19185,17 +19266,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13858
+#: freeculture.xml:13918
 msgid "access fees for material in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13859
+#: freeculture.xml:13919
 msgid "license system for rebuilding of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13861
+#: freeculture.xml:13921
 msgid ""
 "There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
 "charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for "
@@ -19207,7 +19288,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13872
+#: freeculture.xml:13932
 msgid ""
 "But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
 "through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this "
@@ -19215,7 +19296,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13877
+#: freeculture.xml:13937
 msgid ""
 "As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
 "scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, "
@@ -19230,7 +19311,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13889
+#: freeculture.xml:13949
 msgid ""
 "As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
 "libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means "
@@ -19241,7 +19322,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 287 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13899
+#: freeculture.xml:13959
 msgid ""
 "This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
 "freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for "
@@ -19255,7 +19336,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13912
+#: freeculture.xml:13972
 msgid ""
 "This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
 "before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets.  There's no "
@@ -19266,24 +19347,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13924
+#: freeculture.xml:13984
 msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13927
+#: freeculture.xml:13987
 msgid ""
 "The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
 "increasing control effected through law and technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13930
+#: freeculture.xml:13990
 msgid "Stanford University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13932
+#: freeculture.xml:13992
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
 "established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "
@@ -19297,7 +19378,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 288 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13943
+#: freeculture.xml:14003
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>&mdash;which means without a middleman, or "
 "without a lawyer.  By developing a free set of licenses that people can "
@@ -19316,7 +19397,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13961
+#: freeculture.xml:14021
 msgid ""
 "These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
 "contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a "
@@ -19330,7 +19411,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13972
+#: freeculture.xml:14032
 msgid ""
 "These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
 "copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair "
@@ -19343,13 +19424,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13982
+#: freeculture.xml:14042
 msgid "Garlick, Mia"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 289 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13984
+#: freeculture.xml:14044
 msgid ""
 "This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons.  And of "
 "course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such "
@@ -19363,7 +19444,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13997
+#: freeculture.xml:14057
 msgid ""
 "The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The "
 "aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a "
@@ -19378,7 +19459,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14010
+#: freeculture.xml:14070
 msgid ""
 "Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
 "to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "
@@ -19388,7 +19469,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14017
+#: freeculture.xml:14077
 msgid ""
 "Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
 "like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1)  those who will buy "
@@ -19402,7 +19483,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14029
+#: freeculture.xml:14089
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion.  "
 "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
@@ -19410,18 +19491,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14034
+#: freeculture.xml:14094
 msgid "Free for All (Wayner)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14035
+#: freeculture.xml:14095
 msgid "Wayner, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 290 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14037
+#: freeculture.xml:14097
 msgid ""
 "The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
 "confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "
@@ -19433,23 +19514,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14048
+#: freeculture.xml:14108
 msgid "Public Enemy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14049
+#: freeculture.xml:14109
 msgid "rap music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14050
+#: freeculture.xml:14110
 msgid "Leaphart, Walter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14067
+#: freeculture.xml:14127
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
 "Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
@@ -19458,7 +19539,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14052
+#: freeculture.xml:14112
 msgid ""
 "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
 "content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
@@ -19478,7 +19559,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14076
+#: freeculture.xml:14136
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
 "license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
@@ -19493,7 +19574,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 291 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14088
+#: freeculture.xml:14148
 msgid ""
 "In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
 "objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is "
@@ -19504,7 +19585,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14098
+#: freeculture.xml:14158
 msgid ""
 "These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
 "arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to "
@@ -19515,7 +19596,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14106
+#: freeculture.xml:14166
 msgid ""
 "Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
 "creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The "
@@ -19526,12 +19607,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14120
+#: freeculture.xml:14180
 msgid "THEM, SOON"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14122
+#: freeculture.xml:14182
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by "
 "individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We "
@@ -19541,7 +19622,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14129
+#: freeculture.xml:14189
 msgid ""
 "In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
 "one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a "
@@ -19550,12 +19631,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14136
+#: freeculture.xml:14196
 msgid "1. More Formalities"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14138
+#: freeculture.xml:14198
 msgid ""
 "If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
 "upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed.  If "
@@ -19565,14 +19646,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 293 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14145
+#: freeculture.xml:14205
 msgid ""
 "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
 "that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14150
+#: freeculture.xml:14210
 msgid ""
 "In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
 "regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
@@ -19581,12 +19662,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14156
+#: freeculture.xml:14216
 msgid "Why?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14159
+#: freeculture.xml:14219
 msgid ""
 "As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good "
@@ -19597,7 +19678,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14168
+#: freeculture.xml:14228
 msgid ""
 "But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a "
 "burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens "
@@ -19612,7 +19693,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14182
+#: freeculture.xml:14242
 msgid ""
 "The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only.  "
 "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
@@ -19620,7 +19701,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14180
+#: freeculture.xml:14240
 msgid ""
 "The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>&mdash;but it should not change it by going back "
@@ -19630,7 +19711,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14190
+#: freeculture.xml:14250
 msgid ""
 "The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
 "copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of "
@@ -19641,12 +19722,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14202
+#: freeculture.xml:14262
 msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14204
+#: freeculture.xml:14264
 msgid ""
 "Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
 "Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that "
@@ -19661,7 +19742,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14217
+#: freeculture.xml:14277
 msgid ""
 "Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
 "extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think "
@@ -19673,7 +19754,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14226
+#: freeculture.xml:14286
 msgid ""
 "In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet.  There "
 "are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world.  Domain name "
@@ -19686,7 +19767,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 295 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14236
+#: freeculture.xml:14296
 msgid ""
 "We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
 "copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but "
@@ -19700,12 +19781,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14251
+#: freeculture.xml:14311
 msgid "MARKING"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14253
+#: freeculture.xml:14313
 msgid ""
 "It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
 "work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for "
@@ -19717,7 +19798,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14263
+#: freeculture.xml:14323
 msgid ""
 "The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
 "and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy "
@@ -19725,7 +19806,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14269
+#: freeculture.xml:14329
 msgid ""
 "One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
 "different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear "
@@ -19739,7 +19820,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14286
+#: freeculture.xml:14346
 msgid ""
 "There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
 "here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system "
@@ -19748,7 +19829,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 296 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14279
+#: freeculture.xml:14339
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
 "published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
@@ -19764,7 +19845,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14299
+#: freeculture.xml:14359
 msgid ""
 "That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
 "again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way "
@@ -19774,12 +19855,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14305
+#: freeculture.xml:14365
 msgid "copyright marking of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14307
+#: freeculture.xml:14367
 msgid ""
 "For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
 "marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
@@ -19793,7 +19874,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14319
+#: freeculture.xml:14379
 msgid ""
 "Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements.  "
 "If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason "
@@ -19804,7 +19885,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14327
+#: freeculture.xml:14387
 msgid ""
 "The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
 "does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things "
@@ -19812,7 +19893,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14332
+#: freeculture.xml:14392
 msgid ""
 "If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
 "difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed.  It "
@@ -19823,12 +19904,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14344
+#: freeculture.xml:14404
 msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14346
+#: freeculture.xml:14406
 msgid ""
 "The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
 "corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
@@ -19837,7 +19918,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14359
+#: freeculture.xml:14419
 msgid ""
 "<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
 "(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink "
@@ -19845,7 +19926,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14351
+#: freeculture.xml:14411
 msgid ""
 "In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a "
 "seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement "
@@ -19858,7 +19939,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14366
+#: freeculture.xml:14426
 msgid ""
 "I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
 "term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles "
@@ -19867,7 +19948,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (1) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14374
+#: freeculture.xml:14434
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
 "to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong "
@@ -19880,7 +19961,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  (2) 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 298 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14383
+#: freeculture.xml:14443
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
 "protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
@@ -19894,13 +19975,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14395
+#: freeculture.xml:14455
 msgid "veterans' pensions"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14406
+#: freeculture.xml:14466
 msgid ""
 "Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation "
 "and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at "
@@ -19908,7 +19989,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14398
+#: freeculture.xml:14458
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed.  "
 "Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
@@ -19923,7 +20004,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (4) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14417
+#: freeculture.xml:14477
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
 "should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once "
@@ -19940,7 +20021,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14433
+#: freeculture.xml:14493
 msgid ""
 "These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
 "copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
@@ -19948,7 +20029,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14439
+#: freeculture.xml:14499
 msgid ""
 "No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
 "all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
@@ -19958,12 +20039,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14449
+#: freeculture.xml:14509
 msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14453
+#: freeculture.xml:14513
 msgid ""
 "As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
 "property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the "
@@ -19974,7 +20055,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14461
+#: freeculture.xml:14521
 msgid ""
 "Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive "
 "right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors "
@@ -19986,20 +20067,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14469
+#: freeculture.xml:14529
 msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14475
+#: freeculture.xml:14535
 msgid ""
 "Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
 "York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14471
+#: freeculture.xml:14531
 msgid ""
 "Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
 "exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
@@ -20011,12 +20092,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14488
+#: freeculture.xml:14548
 msgid "Ibid., 56."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14484
+#: freeculture.xml:14544
 msgid ""
 "So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
 "of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
@@ -20025,7 +20106,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14493
+#: freeculture.xml:14553
 msgid ""
 "I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
 "the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make "
@@ -20035,7 +20116,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14500
+#: freeculture.xml:14560
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
 "then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect "
@@ -20047,7 +20128,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14513
+#: freeculture.xml:14573
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
 "be narrowed.  Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
@@ -20062,7 +20143,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14527
+#: freeculture.xml:14587
 msgid ""
 "This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
 "Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable "
@@ -20072,12 +20153,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14543
+#: freeculture.xml:14603
 msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14541
+#: freeculture.xml:14601
 msgid ""
 "Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
 "Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
@@ -20085,7 +20166,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14535
+#: freeculture.xml:14595
 msgid ""
 "In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
 "the presumption should be that other uses are not protected.  This is the "
@@ -20095,7 +20176,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14549
+#: freeculture.xml:14609
 msgid ""
 "Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
 "system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the "
@@ -20106,7 +20187,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 301 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14556
+#: freeculture.xml:14616
 msgid ""
 "The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
 "part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory "
@@ -20116,12 +20197,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14566
+#: freeculture.xml:14626
 msgid "4. Liberate the Music&mdash;Again"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14568
+#: freeculture.xml:14628
 msgid ""
 "The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
 "fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, "
@@ -20131,7 +20212,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14575
+#: freeculture.xml:14635
 msgid ""
 "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
 "growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any "
@@ -20142,7 +20223,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14584
+#: freeculture.xml:14644
 msgid ""
 "The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
 "particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, "
@@ -20152,7 +20233,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14591
+#: freeculture.xml:14651
 msgid ""
 "File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
 "content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
@@ -20163,7 +20244,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14600
+#: freeculture.xml:14660
 msgid ""
 "There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "CDs."
@@ -20171,7 +20252,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14605
+#: freeculture.xml:14665
 msgid ""
 "There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
 "purchasing CDs."
@@ -20180,7 +20261,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  PAGE BREAK 302 
 #.  C. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14611
+#: freeculture.xml:14671
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
@@ -20189,7 +20270,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  D. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14617
+#: freeculture.xml:14677
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
@@ -20197,7 +20278,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14625
+#: freeculture.xml:14685
 msgid ""
 "Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
 "avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness "
@@ -20208,7 +20289,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14633
+#: freeculture.xml:14693
 msgid ""
 "As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial.  "
@@ -20218,7 +20299,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14641
+#: freeculture.xml:14701
 msgid ""
 "Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
 "that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should "
@@ -20226,7 +20307,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14646
+#: freeculture.xml:14706
 msgid ""
 "Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
 "today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of "
@@ -20241,7 +20322,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 303 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14658
+#: freeculture.xml:14718
 msgid ""
 "But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
 "Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make "
@@ -20257,13 +20338,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14672
+#: freeculture.xml:14732
 msgid "cell phones, music streamed over"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14692
+#: freeculture.xml:14752
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan "
 "Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -20271,7 +20352,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14674
+#: freeculture.xml:14734
 msgid ""
 "In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
 "you access to content on the fly&mdash;such as Internet radio, content that "
@@ -20293,7 +20374,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 304 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14699
+#: freeculture.xml:14759
 msgid ""
 "This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
 "present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file "
@@ -20309,7 +20390,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14715
+#: freeculture.xml:14775
 msgid ""
 "The answer begins with recognizing that there are different "
 "<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D "
@@ -20323,7 +20404,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14726
+#: freeculture.xml:14786
 msgid ""
 "Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content "
 "that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be "
@@ -20335,7 +20416,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14737
+#: freeculture.xml:14797
 msgid ""
 "Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
 "it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries "
@@ -20348,7 +20429,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14747
+#: freeculture.xml:14807
 msgid ""
 "The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem "
 "out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the "
@@ -20361,7 +20442,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 305 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14758
+#: freeculture.xml:14818
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
 "that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the "
@@ -20373,7 +20454,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14768
+#: freeculture.xml:14828
 msgid ""
 "This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
 "available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be "
@@ -20386,7 +20467,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14778
+#: freeculture.xml:14838
 msgid ""
 "The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
 "because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies "
@@ -20397,14 +20478,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14786
+#: freeculture.xml:14846
 msgid ""
 "So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
 "this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14790
+#: freeculture.xml:14850
 msgid ""
 "Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
 "the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet)  has harmed a "
@@ -20418,7 +20499,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 306 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14801
+#: freeculture.xml:14861
 msgid ""
 "I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
 "asbestos.  But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law.  "
@@ -20429,17 +20510,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14808 freeculture.xml:14850
+#: freeculture.xml:14868 freeculture.xml:14910
 msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14848
+#: freeculture.xml:14908
 msgid "Fisher, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14814
+#: freeculture.xml:14874
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, "
 "<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last "
@@ -20481,7 +20562,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14810
+#: freeculture.xml:14870
 msgid ""
 "The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
 "Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -20496,7 +20577,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14864
+#: freeculture.xml:14924
 msgid ""
 "Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
 "questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, "
@@ -20514,7 +20595,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 307 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14881
+#: freeculture.xml:14941
 msgid ""
 "Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
 "not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "
@@ -20527,17 +20608,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14894
+#: freeculture.xml:14954
 msgid "MusicStore"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14896
+#: freeculture.xml:14956
 msgid "prices of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14898
+#: freeculture.xml:14958
 msgid ""
 "No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of "
 "<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that "
@@ -20555,22 +20636,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14913
+#: freeculture.xml:14973
 msgid "cable vs. broadcast"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14916
+#: freeculture.xml:14976
 msgid "film industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14916
+#: freeculture.xml:14976
 msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14918
+#: freeculture.xml:14978
 msgid ""
 "This competition has already occurred against the background of "
 "<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable "
@@ -20586,7 +20667,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14930
+#: freeculture.xml:14990
 msgid ""
 "This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
 "lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
@@ -20597,13 +20678,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14939
+#: freeculture.xml:14999
 msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 308 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14944
+#: freeculture.xml:15004
 msgid ""
 "The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
 "transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
@@ -20612,19 +20693,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14951
+#: freeculture.xml:15011
 msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14957
+#: freeculture.xml:15017
 msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14961
+#: freeculture.xml:15021
 msgid ""
 "permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
 "type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
@@ -20632,14 +20713,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14967
+#: freeculture.xml:15027
 msgid ""
 "while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
 "extent actual harm is demonstrated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14972
+#: freeculture.xml:15032
 msgid ""
 "But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
 "competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
@@ -20648,7 +20729,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14978
+#: freeculture.xml:15038
 msgid ""
 "Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
 "develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
@@ -20665,7 +20746,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 309 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14992
+#: freeculture.xml:15052
 msgid ""
 "But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
 "type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
@@ -20675,12 +20756,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15003
+#: freeculture.xml:15063
 msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15005
+#: freeculture.xml:15065
 msgid ""
 "I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
 "in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
@@ -20689,7 +20770,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15011
+#: freeculture.xml:15071
 msgid ""
 "Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
 "have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
@@ -20699,23 +20780,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15018
+#: freeculture.xml:15078
 msgid "Nimmer, Melville"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15019
+#: freeculture.xml:15079
 msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15019
+#: freeculture.xml:15079
 msgid "Supreme Court challenge of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15030
+#: freeculture.xml:15090
 msgid ""
 "Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville "
 "B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 "
@@ -20723,7 +20804,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15021
+#: freeculture.xml:15081
 msgid ""
 "The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
 "<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
@@ -20736,7 +20817,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15036
+#: freeculture.xml:15096
 msgid ""
 "However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
 "not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
@@ -20744,7 +20825,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15046
+#: freeculture.xml:15106
 msgid ""
 "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
 "commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
@@ -20764,7 +20845,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15041
+#: freeculture.xml:15101
 msgid ""
 "Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits.  But "
 "more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
@@ -20776,7 +20857,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 310 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15070
+#: freeculture.xml:15130
 msgid ""
 "But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
 "anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
@@ -20786,7 +20867,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15078
+#: freeculture.xml:15138
 msgid ""
 "These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
 "the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
@@ -20799,7 +20880,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15088
+#: freeculture.xml:15148
 msgid ""
 "The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
 "tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
@@ -20810,7 +20891,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15096
+#: freeculture.xml:15156
 msgid ""
 "But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
 "from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
@@ -20818,7 +20899,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15103
+#: freeculture.xml:15163
 msgid ""
 "Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
 "technology&mdash;the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
@@ -20831,7 +20912,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 311
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15112
+#: freeculture.xml:15172
 msgid ""
 "The law should regulate in certain areas of culture&mdash;but it should "
 "regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
@@ -20841,7 +20922,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15121
+#: freeculture.xml:15181
 msgid ""
 "We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is "
 "needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
@@ -20849,12 +20930,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15130
+#: freeculture.xml:15190
 msgid "NOTES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15132
+#: freeculture.xml:15192
 msgid ""
 "Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide "
 "Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly "
@@ -20868,12 +20949,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15151
+#: freeculture.xml:15211
 msgid "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15153
+#: freeculture.xml:15213
 msgid ""
 "This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that "
 "began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work "
@@ -20882,7 +20963,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15160
+#: freeculture.xml:15220
 msgid ""
 "I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including "
 "Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and "
@@ -20898,7 +20979,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. PAGE BREAK 337
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15173
+#: freeculture.xml:15233
 msgid ""
 "Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its "
 "culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me "
@@ -20911,7 +20992,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15184
+#: freeculture.xml:15244
 msgid ""
 "These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw "
 "upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive "
@@ -20933,7 +21014,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15204
+#: freeculture.xml:15264
 msgid ""
 "Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and "
 "each provided extremely helpful correction and advice.  Michael helped me to "
@@ -20944,7 +21025,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15213
+#: freeculture.xml:15273
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that "
 "there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "

diff --git a/freeculture.xml b/freeculture.xml
index 8ab41188ba80b85518b1946d4c3abf2d618cd964..88cacf6b055c057a9f5931500b8ba45dd069bc59 100644 (file)
--- a/freeculture.xml
+++ b/freeculture.xml
@@ -764,6 +764,8 @@ stepped out of a thirteenth-story window to his death.
 </para>
 <indexterm startref='idxfmradio' class='endofrange'/>
 <indexterm startref='idxarmstrongedwinhoward' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm><primary>Causby, Thomas Lee</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Causby, Tinie</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 This is how the law sometimes works. Not often this tragically, and
 rarely with heroic drama, but sometimes, this is how it works. From
@@ -889,6 +891,8 @@ been undone.  The consequence is that we are less and less a free
 culture, more and more a permission culture.
 </para>
 <!-- PAGE BREAK 24 -->
+<indexterm><primary>Causby, Thomas Lee</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Causby, Tinie</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm><primary>protection of artists vs. business interests</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 This change gets justified as necessary to protect commercial
@@ -9519,6 +9523,9 @@ permission. That's the point at which they control it.
 </section>
 <section id="innovators">
 <title>Constraining Innovators</title>
+<indexterm id='idxcopyrightlawinnovationhamperedby' class='startofrange'><primary>copyright law</primary><secondary>innovation hampered by</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxinnovationindustryestablishmentopposedto2' class='startofrange'><primary>innovation</primary><secondary>industry establishment opposed to</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxregulationasestablishmentprotectionism2' class='startofrange'><primary>regulation</primary><secondary>as establishment protectionism</secondary></indexterm>
 <para>
 The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty
 story&mdash;creativity quashed, artists who can't speak, yada yada
@@ -9527,6 +9534,7 @@ weird art out there, and enough expression that is critical of what
 seems to be just about everything.  And if you think that, you might
 think there's little in this story to worry you.
 </para>
+<indexterm id='idxmarketconstraints2' class='startofrange'><primary>market constraints</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense.
 Indeed, it is an aspect that could be written by the most extreme
@@ -9536,7 +9544,6 @@ other aspect by substituting <quote>free market</quote> every place I've spoken
 <quote>free culture.</quote>  The point is the same, even if the interests
 affecting culture are more fundamental.
 </para>
-<indexterm><primary>market constraints</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the
 same charge free marketers make about regulating markets. Everyone, of
@@ -9550,7 +9557,9 @@ perspectives are constantly attuned to the ways in which regulation
 simply enables the powerful industries of today to protect themselves
 against the competitors of tomorrow.
 </para>
+<indexterm startref='idxmarketconstraints2' class='endofrange'/>
 <indexterm><primary>Barry, Hank</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>venture capitalists</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory
 <!-- PAGE BREAK 198 -->
@@ -9564,11 +9573,15 @@ that were designed and executed to teach venture capitalists a
 lesson. That lesson&mdash;what former Napster CEO Hank Barry calls a
 <quote>nuclear pall</quote> that has fallen over the Valley&mdash;has been learned.
 </para>
+<indexterm><primary>Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Lessig, Lawrence</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning
 I told in <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> and which has progressed in a way that
 even I (pessimist extraordinaire) would never have predicted.
 </para>
+<indexterm id='idxmpcom' class='startofrange'><primary>MP3.com</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxmympcom' class='startofrange'><primary>my.mp3.com</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm><primary>Roberts, Michael</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com.  MP3.com
@@ -9622,6 +9635,12 @@ copies, it was 50,000 copies directed at giving customers something
 they had already bought.
 </para>
 <indexterm id='idxvivendiuniversal' class='startofrange'><primary>Vivendi Universal</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>copyright infringement lawsuits</primary><secondary>distribution technology targeted in</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>copyright infringement lawsuits</primary><secondary>exaggerated claims of</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxcopyrightinfringementlawsuitsinrecordingindustry3' class='startofrange'><primary>copyright infringement lawsuits</primary><secondary>in recording industry</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>recording industry</primary><secondary>copyright infringement lawsuits of</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)</primary><secondary>copyright infringement lawsuits filed by</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>regulation</primary><secondary>outsize penalties of</secondary></indexterm>
 <para>
 Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels,
 headed by the RIAA, brought a lawsuit against MP3.com. MP3.com settled
@@ -9645,6 +9664,7 @@ illegal; therefore, this lawsuit sought to punish any lawyer who had
 dared to suggest that the law was less restrictive than the labels
 demanded.
 </para>
+<indexterm startref='idxvivendiuniversal' class='endofrange'/>
 <para>
 The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an
 unspecified amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in
@@ -9656,12 +9676,22 @@ industry directs its guns against them. It is also you. So those of
 you who believe the law should be less restrictive should realize that
 such a view of the law will cost you and your firm dearly.
 </para>
-<indexterm startref='idxvivendiuniversal' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxmpcom' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxmympcom' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxcopyrightinfringementlawsuitsinrecordingindustry3' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm><primary>Barry, Hank</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>copyright infringement lawsuits</primary><secondary>distribution technology targeted in</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxbmw' class='startofrange'><primary>BMW</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxcarsmpsoundsystemsin' class='startofrange'><primary>cars, MP3 sound systems in</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>EMI</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm><primary>Hummer, John</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm><primary>Barry, Hank</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm><primary>Hummer Winblad</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm><primary>EMI</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>MP3 players</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Napster</primary><secondary>venture capital for</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxneedlemanrafe' class='startofrange'><primary>Needleman, Rafe</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm><primary>Universal Music Group</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>venture capitalists</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003,
 Universal and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the
@@ -9691,8 +9721,6 @@ afraid of technologies that touch content. In an article in
 discussion with BMW:
 </para>
 <blockquote>
-<indexterm><primary>BMW</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm><primary>cars, MP3 sound system in</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in
 the car, there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW
@@ -9711,6 +9739,9 @@ to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this example.
 </para></footnote>
 </para>
 </blockquote>
+<indexterm startref='idxbmw' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxcarsmpsoundsystemsin' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxneedlemanrafe' class='endofrange'/>
 <para>
 This is the world of the mafia&mdash;filled with <quote>your money or your
 life</quote> offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats
@@ -9842,6 +9873,8 @@ wrong, it is regulation the powerful use to defeat competitors.
 </para>
 <indexterm><primary>cassette recording</primary><secondary>VCRs</secondary></indexterm>
 <indexterm><primary>VCRs</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>statutory licenses</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>copyright law</primary><secondary>statutory licenses in</secondary></indexterm>
 <para>
 As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle="select: labelnumber"
 linkend="property-i"/>, despite this feature of copyright as
@@ -9851,6 +9884,7 @@ Copyright</citetitle>,<footnote><para>
 <!-- f9. -->
 Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst,
 N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2001).
+<indexterm><primary>Digital Copyright (Litman)</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm><primary>Litman, Jessica</primary></indexterm>
 </para></footnote>
 overall this history of copyright is not bad. As chapter 10 details,
@@ -9866,6 +9900,8 @@ the claims of a new technology and the legitimate rights of content
 creators, both the courts and Congress have imposed legal restrictions
 that will have the effect of smothering the new to benefit the old.
 </para>
+<indexterm id='idxinternetradioon' class='startofrange'><primary>Internet</primary><secondary>radio on</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxradiooninternet' class='startofrange'><primary>radio</primary><secondary>on Internet</secondary></indexterm>
 <para>
 The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<footnote><para>
 <!-- f10. -->
@@ -10008,7 +10044,15 @@ those imposed by the law. Copyright law is one such law. So the first
 question we should ask is, what copyright rules would govern Internet
 radio?
 </para>
-<indexterm id='idxartistspayments2' class='startofrange'><primary>artists</primary><secondary>recording industry payments to</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxartistsrecordingindustrypaymentsto3' class='startofrange'><primary>artists</primary><secondary>recording industry payments to</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Congress, U.S.</primary><secondary>on copyright laws</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Congress, U.S.</primary><secondary>on radio</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Congress, U.S.</primary><secondary>on recording industry</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxrecordingindustryartistremunerationin3' class='startofrange'><primary>recording industry</primary><secondary>artist remuneration in</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxrecordingindustryradiobroadcastand2' class='startofrange'><primary>recording industry</primary><secondary>radio broadcast and</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxrecordingindustryinternetradiohamperedby' class='startofrange'><primary>recording industry</primary><secondary>Internet radio hampered by</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxrecordingindustryassociationofamericariaaoninternetradiofees' class='startofrange'><primary>Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)</primary><secondary>on Internet radio fees</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxrecordingindustryassociationofamericariaalobbyingpowerof' class='startofrange'><primary>Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)</primary><secondary>lobbying power of</secondary></indexterm>
 <para>
 But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a
 new industry. The recording artists, on the other hand, have a very
@@ -10055,7 +10099,11 @@ interests, that could have been done in a media-neutral way.</quote>
 A regular radio station broadcasting the same content would pay no
 equivalent fee.
 </para>
-<indexterm startref='idxartistspayments2' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxartistsrecordingindustrypaymentsto3' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxrecordingindustryartistremunerationin3' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxrecordingindustryradiobroadcastand2' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxrecordingindustryassociationofamericariaaoninternetradiofees' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxrecordingindustryassociationofamericariaalobbyingpowerof' class='endofrange'/>
 <para>
 The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were
 proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio
@@ -10140,7 +10188,7 @@ unique user identifier;
 the country in which the user received the transmissions.
 </para></listitem>
 </orderedlist>
-
+<indexterm><primary>Library of Congress</primary></indexterm>
 <para>
 The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting
 requirements, pending further study. And he also changed the original
@@ -10156,6 +10204,9 @@ differences? Was the motive to protect artists against piracy?
 </para>
 <indexterm><primary>Real Networks</primary></indexterm>
 <indexterm id='idxalbenalex2' class='startofrange'><primary>Alben, Alex</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxrecordingindustryassociationofamericariaaoninternetradiofees2' class='startofrange'><primary>Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)</primary><secondary>on Internet radio fees</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxartistsrecordingindustrypaymentsto4' class='startofrange'><primary>artists</primary><secondary>recording industry payments to</secondary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxrecordingindustryartistremunerationin4' class='startofrange'><primary>recording industry</primary><secondary>artist remuneration in</secondary></indexterm>
 <para>
 In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious
 to everyone at the time. As Alex Alben, vice president for Public
@@ -10187,6 +10238,9 @@ added.)
 </para>
 </blockquote>
 <indexterm startref='idxalbenalex2' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxrecordingindustryassociationofamericariaaoninternetradiofees2' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxartistsrecordingindustrypaymentsto4' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxrecordingindustryartistremunerationin4' class='endofrange'/>
 <para>
 Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so
 that this platform of potentially immense competition, which would
@@ -10196,6 +10250,12 @@ or the left, who should endorse this use of the law. And yet there is
 practically no one, on either the right or the left, who is doing anything
 effective to prevent it.
 </para>
+<indexterm startref='idxcopyrightlawinnovationhamperedby' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxinnovationindustryestablishmentopposedto2' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxregulationasestablishmentprotectionism2' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxinternetradioon' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxradiooninternet' class='endofrange'/>
+<indexterm startref='idxrecordingindustryinternetradiohamperedby' class='endofrange'/>
 </section>
 <section id="corruptingcitizens">
 <title>Corrupting Citizens</title>