culture deem fundamental.
</para>
<indexterm><primary>CodePink Women in Peace</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Stevens, Ted</primary></indexterm>
<para>
We saw a glimpse of this bipartisan outrage in the early summer of
2003. As the FCC considered changes in media ownership rules that
York: Perennial, 2000).
</para></footnote>
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>Superman comics</primary></indexterm>
<para>
American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part
because of the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are
in those elections. The cycle of these elections has become totally
professionalized and routinized. Most of us think this is democracy.
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>Tocqueville, Alexis de</primary></indexterm>
<para>
But democracy has never just been about elections. Democracy
means rule by the people, but rule means something more than mere
is having an effect.
<indexterm><primary>Dean, Howard</primary></indexterm>
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>Thurmond, Strom</primary></indexterm>
<para>
One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the
mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott
created or posted, and the vast majority of which had nothing to do
with music.
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>statutory damages</primary></indexterm>
<para>
But the RIAA branded Jesse a pirate. They claimed he operated a
network and had therefore <quote>willfully</quote> violated copyright laws. They
right to print—no less, of course, but also no more.
</para>
<indexterm><primary>Henry VIII, King of England</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Statute of Monopolies (1656)</primary></indexterm>
<para>
Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British.
They had had a long and ugly experience with <quote>exclusive rights,</quote>
Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the <quote>pirates,</quote>
the most important early victory being <citetitle>Millar</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>.
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>Taylor, Robert</primary></indexterm>
<para>
Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James
Thomson's poem <quote>The Seasons.</quote> Millar complied with the requirements of
started calling people.
</para>
</blockquote>
+<indexterm><primary>Sutherland, Donald</primary></indexterm>
<para>
Some actors were glad to help—Donald Sutherland, for example,
followed up himself to be sure that the rights had been cleared.
Carnegie of the Internet. By December of 2002, the archive had over 10
billion pages, and it was growing at about a billion pages a month.
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>Vanderbilt University</primary></indexterm>
<para>
The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in
human history. At the end of 2002, it held <quote>two hundred and thirty
develop code to protect copyrighted material, and (4) educators should
educate kids to better protect copyright.
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>steel industry</primary></indexterm>
<para>
This mixed strategy is just what copyright needed—if it was to
preserve the particular balance that existed before the change induced
implemented by Congress. I won't catalog all of those responses
here.<footnote><para>
<!-- f11. -->
+<indexterm><primary>Tauzin, Billy</primary></indexterm>
For example, in July 2002, Representative Howard Berman introduced the
Peer-to-Peer Piracy Prevention Act (H.R. 5211), which would immunize
copyright holders from liability for damage done to computers when the
important cases or cases that raise issues specific to the circuit as a
whole, where the court will sit <quote>en banc</quote> to hear the case.
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>Tatel, David</primary></indexterm>
<para>
The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc.
This time, Judge Sentelle was joined by the most liberal member of the
<indexterm id='idxbiomedicalresearch' class='startofrange'>
<primary>biomedical research</primary>
</indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Wellcome Trust</primary></indexterm>
<para>
In August 2003, a fight broke out in the United States about a
decision by the World Intellectual Property Organization to cancel a
been part of our tradition for most of our history—free culture.
</para>
<indexterm><primary>CodePink Women in Peace</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Safire, William</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Turner, Ted</primary></indexterm>
<para>
If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon. There are
moments of hope in this struggle. And moments that surprise. When the
for Peace organized to oppose this change in FCC policy. An
astonishing 700,000 letters were sent to the FCC, demanding more
hearings and a different result.
-<indexterm><primary>Turner, Ted</primary></indexterm>
-<indexterm><primary>Safire, William</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition
it, then the freedom to change and share software would be
fundamentally weakened.
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>Torvalds, Linus</primary></indexterm>
<para>
Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating
system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That