</para>
</blockquote>
<indexterm><primary>Dreyfuss, Rochelle</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Girl Schouts</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm id='idxifvalue' class='startofrange'>
<primary><quote>if value, then right</quote> theory</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<footnote><para>
<!-- f10. -->
+<indexterm><primary>Grokster, Ltd.</primary></indexterm>
The only circuit court exception is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry
Association of America (RIAA)</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Diamond Multimedia Systems</citetitle>, 180 F. 3d
1072 (9th Cir. 1999). There the court of appeals for the Ninth Circuit
assure that Congress's powers had limits.
</para>
<indexterm><primary>Breyer, Stephen</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm id='idxginsburg' class='startofrange'>
+ <primary>Ginsburg, Ruth Bader</primary>
+</indexterm>
<para>
The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on
Congress's power. These four—Justice Stevens, Justice Souter,
believed, there was a very important free speech argument against
these retrospective extensions.
</para>
+<indexterm startref='idxginsburg' class='endofrange'/>
<para>
The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice
Stevens. History will record Justice Stevens as one of the greatest
cited. The argument that was the core argument of our case did not
even appear in the Court's opinion.
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>Ginsburg, Ruth Bader</primary></indexterm>
<para>
<!-- PAGE BREAK 249 -->
removed in 1976, when Congress followed the Europeans by abandoning
any formal requirement before a copyright is granted.<footnote><para>
<!-- f1. -->
+<indexterm><primary>German copyright law</primary></indexterm>
Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the Berne Convention, national copyright
legislation sometimes made protection depend upon compliance with
formalities such as registration, deposit, and affixation of notice of
first-year law student, but an embarrassment from a high government
official dealing with intellectual property issues.
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>generic drugs</primary></indexterm>
<para>
Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to <quote>promote</quote>
intellectual property maximally? As I had been scolded at the
Does the public domain weaken intellectual property? Would it have
been better if the protocols of the Internet had been patented?
</para>
+<indexterm><primary>Gates, Bill</primary></indexterm>
<para>
Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize
intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property
property system. That is, on the contrary, just what a property system
is supposed to be about: giving individuals the right to decide what
to do with <emphasis>their</emphasis> property.
-<indexterm><primary>Gates, Bill</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting