-"\"copyright\" act. Known as the Statute of Anne, the act stated that all "
-"published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, renewable once "
-"if the author was alive, and that all works already published by 1710 would "
-"get a single term of twenty-one additional years.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, Romeo and Juliet should have "
-"been free in 1731. So why was there any issue about it still being under "
-"Tonson's control in 1774?"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4373
-msgid ""
-"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a \"copyright\" "
-"was—indeed, no one had. At the time the English passed the Statute of "
-"Anne, there was no other legislation governing copyrights. The last law "
-"regulating publishers, the Licensing Act of 1662, had expired in 1695. That "
-"law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as a way to make it easier "
-"for the Crown to control what was published. But after it expired, there "
-"was no positive law that said that the publishers, or \"Stationers,\" had an "
-"exclusive right to print books."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4386
-msgid ""
-"There was no positive law, but that didn't mean that there was no law. The "
-"Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words of legislatures and "
-"the words of judges to know the rules that are to govern how people are to "
-"behave. We call the words from legislatures \"positive law.\" We call the "
-"words from judges \"common law.\" The common law sets the background against "
-"which legislatures legislate; the legislature, ordinarily, can trump that "
-"background only if it passes a law to displace it. And so the real question "
-"after the licensing statutes had expired was whether the common law "
-"protected a copyright, independent of any positive law."
+"<quote>copyright</quote> act. Known as the Statute of Anne, the act stated "
+"that all published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, "
+"renewable once if the author was alive, and that all works already published "
+"by 1710 would get a single term of twenty-one additional years.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, <citetitle>Romeo and "
+"Juliet</citetitle> should have been free in 1731. So why was there any issue "
+"about it still being under Tonson's control in 1774?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4824 freeculture.xml:5048
+msgid "common vs. positive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4825 freeculture.xml:5049
+msgid "positive law"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4826
+msgid "Licensing Act (1662)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4828
+msgid ""
+"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a "
+"<quote>copyright</quote> was—indeed, no one had. At the time the "
+"English passed the Statute of Anne, there was no other legislation governing "
+"copyrights. The last law regulating publishers, the Licensing Act of 1662, "
+"had expired in 1695. That law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as "
+"a way to make it easier for the Crown to control what was published. But "
+"after it expired, there was no positive law that said that the publishers, "
+"or <quote>Stationers,</quote> had an exclusive right to print books."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4839 freeculture.xml:5047 freeculture.xml:5118 freeculture.xml:5218
+msgid "common law"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4841
+msgid ""
+"There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
+"there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
+"of legislatures and the words of judges to know the rules that are to govern "
+"how people are to behave. We call the words from legislatures "
+"<quote>positive law.</quote> We call the words from judges <quote>common "
+"law.</quote> The common law sets the background against which legislatures "
+"legislate; the legislature, ordinarily, can trump that background only if it "
+"passes a law to displace it. And so the real question after the licensing "
+"statutes had expired was whether the common law protected a copyright, "
+"independent of any positive law."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4855 freeculture.xml:5084 freeculture.xml:5192 freeculture.xml:5270
+msgid "Scottish publishers"
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff