msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-07-27 20:12+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-07-29 15:50+0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-07-13 21:50+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <i18n-nb@lister.ping.uio.no>\n"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
msgid ""
-"LAWRENCE LESSIG (<ulink url=\"http://www.lessig.org/\">http://www.lessig."
-"org</ulink>), professor of law and a John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty "
-"Scholar at Stanford Law School, is founder of the Stanford Center for "
-"Internet and Society and is chairman of the Creative Commons (<ulink url="
-"\"http://creativecommons.org/\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>). The "
-"author of The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) and Code: And Other Laws "
-"of Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), Lessig is a member of the boards of the "
+"LAWRENCE LESSIG (<ulink url=\"http://www.lessig.org\">http://www.lessig.org</"
+"ulink>), professor of law and a John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty Scholar "
+"at Stanford Law School, is founder of the Stanford Center for Internet and "
+"Society and is chairman of the Creative Commons (<ulink url=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>). The author of "
+"The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) and Code: And Other Laws of "
+"Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), Lessig is a member of the boards of the "
"Public Library of Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and Public "
"Knowledge. He was the winner of the Free Software Foundation's Award for the "
"Advancement of Free Software, twice listed in BusinessWeek's \"e.biz 25,\" "
"Lessig clerked for Judge Richard Posner of the U.S. Seventh Circuit Court of "
"Appeals."
msgstr ""
-"Lawrense Lessig (<ulink url=\"http://www.lessig.org/\">http://www.lessig."
+"Lawrense Lessig (<ulink url=\"http://www.lessig.org\">http://www.lessig."
"org</ulink>), professor i juss og en John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty "
"Scholar ved Stanford Law School, er stifteren av Stanford Center for "
"Internet and Society og styreleder i Creative Commons (<ulink url=\"http://"
-"creativecommons.org/\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>). Forfatteren har "
+"creativecommons.org\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>). Forfatteren har "
"gitt ut The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) og Code: And other Laws of "
"Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), og er medlem av styrene i Public Library of "
"Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, og Public Knowledge. Han har "
"klubber, deling av musikk, laging av kassetter—ble ikke styrt av "
"lovverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Brandeis, Louis D."
msgstr "Brandeis, Louis D."
"USA. Men det var på ingen måte dominerende i vår tradisjon. Det var i "
"stedet bare en del, en kontrollert del, balansert mot det frie."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Litman, Jessica"
+msgstr "Litman, Jessica"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (New York: "
-"Prometheus Books, 2001), ch. 13."
+"Prometheus Books, 2001), ch. 13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Se Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (New York: "
-"Prometheus bøker, 2001), kap. 13."
+"Prometheus bøker, 2001), kap. 13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"internettets \"pirater\" også fjerne verdier fra vår kultur som har vært "
"integrert til vår tradisjon helt fra starten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
msgstr "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
"historien om nok en konsekvens for denne type korrupsjon—en konsekvens "
"for de fleste av oss forblir ukjent med."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "\"PIRACY\""
msgstr "\"Piratvirksomhet\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
msgstr "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Since the inception of the law regulating creative property, there has been "
"a war against \"piracy.\" The precise contours of this concept, \"piracy,\" "
"utvidet rekkevidden for engelsk opphavsrettslov til å inkludere noteark,"
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 Eng. Rep. "
"1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."
"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 Eng. Rep. "
"1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"A person may use the copy by playing it, but he has no right to rob the "
"author of the profit, by multiplying copies and disposing of them for his "
"etter eget forgodtbefinnende.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 31
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Today we are in the middle of another \"war\" against \"piracy.\" The "
"Internet has provoked this war. The Internet makes possible the efficient "
"distribuert intelligens, kan p2p-systemer muliggjøre enkel spredning av "
"innhold på en måte som ingen forestilte seg for en generasjon siden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This efficiency does not respect the traditional lines of copyright. The "
"network doesn't discriminate between the sharing of copyrighted and "
"delingen har i sin tur ansporet til krigen, på grunn av at eiere av "
"opphavsretter frykter delingen vil \"frata forfatteren overskuddet.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The warriors have turned to the courts, to the legislatures, and "
"increasingly to technology to defend their \"property\" against this "
"oppdratt til å tro at \"eiendom\" skal være \"gratis\". Glem tatoveringer, "
"ikke tenk på kroppspiercing—våre barn blir <emphasis>tyver</emphasis>!"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"There's no doubt that \"piracy\" is wrong, and that pirates should be "
"punished. But before we summon the executioners, we should put this notion "
"\"-begrepet i en sammenheng. For mens begrepet blir mer og mer brukt, har "
"det i sin kjerne en ekstraordinær idé som nesten helt sikkert er feil."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid "The idea goes something like this:"
msgstr "Idéen høres omtrent slik ut:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Creative work has value; whenever I use, or take, or build upon the creative "
"work of others, I am taking from them something of value. Whenever I take "
"som har verdi fra andre uten tillatelse er galt. Det er en form for "
"piratvirksomhet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Dreyfuss, Rochelle"
msgstr "Dreyfuss, Rochelle"
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Rochelle Dreyfuss, \"Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language in "
"the Pepsi Generation,\" <citetitle>Notre Dame Law Review</citetitle> 65 "
"Pepsi Generation,\" <citetitle>Notre Dame Law Review</citetitle> 65 (1990): "
"397."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Zittrain, Jonathan"
msgstr "Zittrain, Jonathan"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Lisa Bannon, \"The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay Up,\" "
"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21 August 1996, available at "
"Speech, No One Wins,\" <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 24. november "
"2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This view runs deep within the current debates. It is what NYU law professor "
"Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the \"if value, then right\" theory of "
"fantes \"verdi\" (sangene), så det måtte ha vært en \"rettighet\"—til "
"og med mot jentespeiderne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "ASCAP"
msgstr "ASCAP"
#. PAGE BREAK 32
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This idea is certainly a possible understanding of how creative property "
"should work. It might well be a possible design for a system of law "
"verdi, så rettighet\" for kreative eierrettigheter har aldri vært USAs teori "
"for kreative eierrettigheter. It har aldri stått rot i vårt lovverk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Instead, in our tradition, intellectual property is an instrument. It sets "
"the groundwork for a richly creative society but remains subservient to the "
"til verdien av kreativitet. Dagens debatt har snudd dette helt rundt. Vi "
"har blitt så opptatt av å beskytte instrumentet at vi mister verdien av syne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The source of this confusion is a distinction that the law no longer takes "
"care to draw—the distinction between republishing someone's work on "
"og bygge på og gjøre om verket på den andre. Da opphavsretten kom var det "
"kun publisering som ble berørt. Opphavsretten i dag regulerer begge."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Before the technologies of the Internet, this conflation didn't matter all "
"that much. The technologies of publishing were expensive; that meant the "
"kompleksiteten som opphavsrettsloven har blitt. Det var bare nok en kostnad "
"ved å drive forretning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Florida, Richard"
msgstr "Florida, Richard"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"In <citetitle>The Rise of the Creative Class</citetitle> (New York: Basic "
"Books, 2002), Richard Florida documents a shift in the nature of labor "
"tror også at vilkårene som disse endringene blir aktivert under er mye "
"vanskeligere. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But with the birth of the Internet, this natural limit to the reach of the "
"law has disappeared. The law controls not just the creativity of commercial "
"Unfortunately, we are also seeing an extraordinary rise of regulation of "
"this creative class."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+"Men da internettet dukket opp, forsvant denne naturlige begresningen til "
+"lovens virkeområde. Loven kontrollerer ikke bare kreativiteten til "
+"kommersielle skapere, men effektivt sett kreativiteten til alle. Selv om "
+"utvidelsen ikke ville bety stort hvis opphavsrettsloven kun regulerte "
+"\"kopiering\", så betyr utvidelsen mye når loven regulerer så bredt og "
+"obskurt som den gjør. Byrden denne loven gir oppveier nå langt fordelene "
+"den ga da den ble vedtatt—helt klart slik den påvirker ikke-"
+"kommersiell kreativitet, og i stadig større grad slik den påvirker "
+"kommersiell kreativitet. Dermed, slik vi ser klarere i kapittlene som "
+"følger, er lovens rolle mindre og mindre å støtte kreativitet, og mer og mer "
+"å beskytte enkelte industrier mot konkurranse. Akkurat på tidspunktet da "
+"digital teknologi kunne sluppet løs en ekstraordinær mengde med kommersiell "
+"og ikke-kommersiell kreativitet, tynger loven denne kreativiteten med "
+"sinnsykt kompliserte og vage regler og med trusselen om uanstendig harde "
+"straffer. Vi ser kanskje, som Richard Florida skriver, \"Fremveksten av den "
+"kreative klasse\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Desverre ser vi "
+"også en ekstraordinær fremvekst av reguleringer av denne kreative klassen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"These burdens make no sense in our tradition. We should begin by "
"understanding that tradition a bit more and by placing in their proper "
"den tradisjonen litt mer, og ved å plassere dagens slag om oppførsel med "
"merkelappen \"piratvirksomhet\" i sin rette sammenheng."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER ONE: Creators"
msgstr "Kapittel en: Skaperne"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In 1928, a cartoon character was born. An early Mickey Mouse made his debut "
"in May of that year, in a silent flop called <citetitle>Plane Crazy</"
"distribuerte tegnefilmen med synkronisert lyd, <citetitle>Steamboat Willy</"
"citetitle>, vist frem med figuren som skulle bli til Mikke Mus."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Synchronized sound had been introduced to film a year earlier in the movie "
"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle>. That success led Walt Disney to copy "
"entydig. Som Disney beskriver dette første eksperimentet,"
#. PAGE BREAK 35
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"A couple of my boys could read music, and one of them could play a mouth "
"organ. We put them in a room where they could not see the screen and "
"gjorde det slik at lyden de spilte ble sendt videre til et rom hvor våre "
"koner og venner var plassert for å se på bildet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The boys worked from a music and sound-effects score. After several false "
"starts, sound and action got off with the gun. The mouth organist played the "
"blåste på slide-fløyte til rytmen. Synkroniseringen var nesten helt riktig."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Leonard Maltin, <citetitle>Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated "
"Cartoons</citetitle> (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34–35."
"Leonard Maltin, <citetitle>Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated "
"Cartoons</citetitle> (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34–35."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The effect on our little audience was nothing less than electric. They "
"responded almost instinctively to this union of sound and motion. I thought "
"grufult, men det var fantastisk. Og det var noe nytt!<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Iwerks, Ub"
msgstr "Iwerks, Ub"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Disney's then partner, and one of animation's most extraordinary talents, Ub "
"Iwerks, put it more strongly: \"I have never been so thrilled in my life. "
"begeistret i hele mitt liv. Ingenting annet har noen sinne vært like bra.\" "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Disney had created something very new, based upon something relatively new. "
"Synchronized sound brought life to a form of creativity that had "
"standarden som andre måtte sloss for å oppfylle. Og ganske ofte var Disneys "
"store geni, hans gnist av kreativitet, bygget på arbeidet til andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This much is familiar. What you might not know is that 1928 also marks "
"another important transition. In that year, a comic (as opposed to cartoon) "
"tegnefilm-geni) sin siste uavhengig produserte stumfilm. Dette geniet var "
"Buster Keaton. Filmen var <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Keaton was born into a vaudeville family in 1895. In the era of silent film, "
"he had mastered using broad physical comedy as a way to spark uncontrollable "
"populær og blant de beste i sin sjanger."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"I am grateful to David Gerstein and his careful history, described at <ulink "
"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>. According to Dave "
"Brev fra David Smith til Harry Surden, 10. juli 2003, tilgjenglig i arkivet "
"til forfatteren."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. appeared before Disney's cartoon "
"Steamboat Willie. The coincidence of titles is not coincidental. Steamboat "
"inspired by the song \"Steamboat Bill,\" that we get Steamboat Willie, and "
"then from Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse."
msgstr ""
+"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. kom før Disneys tegnefilm "
+"Steamboat Willie. Det er ingen tilfeldighet at titlene er så like. "
+"Steamboat Willie er en direkte tegneserieparodi av Steamboat Bill,"
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> og begge bygger på en felles sang "
+"som kilde. Det er ikke kun fra nyskapningen med synkronisert lyd i "
+"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle> at vi får <citetitle>Steamboat "
+"Willie</citetitle>. Det er også fra Buster Keatons nyskapning Steamboat "
+"Bill, Jr., som igjen var inspirert av sangen \"Steamboat Bill\", at vi får "
+"Steamboat Willie. Og fra Steamboat Willie får vi så Mikke Mus."
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, \"The Mouse that "
"Ate the Public Domain,\" Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"Ate the Public Domain,\" Findlaw, 5. mars 2002, fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This \"borrowing\" was nothing unique, either for Disney or for the "
"industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream films of "
"Disney bygget på arbeidet til andre som kom før han, og skapte noe nytt ut "
"av noe som bare var litt gammelt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Sometimes this borrowing was slight. Sometimes it was significant. Think "
"about the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. If you're as oblivious as I "
"sine barn, ved leggetid eller hvilken som helst annet tidspunkt."
#. PAGE BREAK 37
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Disney took these stories and retold them in a way that carried them into a "
"new age. He animated the stories, with both characters and light. Without "
"med kreativiteten fra sitt eget ekstraordinære talent, og deretter brent "
"denne blandingen inn i sjelen til sin kultur. Hente, blande og brenne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This is a kind of creativity. It is a creativity that we should remember and "
"celebrate. There are some who would say that there is no creativity except "
"til noe annet."
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: an "
"initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the \"average\" term by "
"see the Web site associated with this book, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
msgstr ""
+"Inntil 1976 ga opphavsrettsloven en forfatter to mulige verneperioder: en "
+"initiell periode, og en fornyingsperiode. Jeg har beregnet "
+"\"gjennomsnittelig\" vernetid ved å finne vektet gjennomsnitt av de totale "
+"registreringer for et gitt år, og andelen fornyinger. Hvis 100 "
+"opphavsretter ble registrert i år 1, bare 15 av dem ble fornyet, og "
+"fornyingsvernetiden er 28 år, så er gjennomsnittelig vernetid 32,2 år. "
+"Fornyingsdata og andre relevante data ligger på nettsidene tilknyttet denne "
+"boka, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</"
+"ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In 1928, the culture that Disney was free to draw upon was relatively fresh. "
"The public domain in 1928 was not very old and was therefore quite vibrant. "
"to control certain uses of the work. To use this copyrighted work in limited "
"ways required the permission of the copyright owner."
msgstr ""
+"I 1928 var kulturen som Disney fritt kunne trekke veksler på relativt "
+"fersk. Allemannseie i 1928 var ikke veldig gammelt og var dermed ganske "
+"levende. Gjennomsnittelig vernetid i opphavsretten var bare rundt tredve "
+"år—for den lille delen av kreative verk som faktisk var "
+"opphavsrettsbeskyttet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det betyr at "
+"i tredve år, i gjennomsnitt, hadde forfattere eller kreative verkers "
+"opphavsrettighetsinnehaver en \"eksklusiv rett\" til a kontrollere bestemte "
+"typer bruk av verket. For å bruke disse opphavsvernsbeskyttede verkene på "
+"de begrensede måtene krevde tillatelse fra opphavsrettsinnehaveren."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"At the end of a copyright term, a work passes into the public domain. No "
"permission is then needed to draw upon or use that work. No permission and, "
"whether rich or not, whether approved or not—to use and build upon."
msgstr ""
"Når opphavsrettens vernetid er over, faller et verk i det fri og blir "
-"allemannseie. Ingen tillatelse trengs da for å bygge på eller bruke "
-"dette verket. Ingen tillatelse og dermed, ingen advokater. "
-"Allemannseie er en \"advokat-fri sone\". Det meste av innhold fra det "
-"nittende århundre var dermed fritt tilgjengelig for Disney å bruke "
-"eller bygge på i 1928. Det var tilgjengelig for enhver—uansett "
-"om de hadde forbindelser eller ikke, om de var rik eller ikke, om de "
-"var akseptert eller ikke—til å bruke og bygge videre på."
+"allemannseie. Ingen tillatelse trengs da for å bygge på eller bruke dette "
+"verket. Ingen tillatelse og dermed, ingen advokater. Allemannseie er en "
+"\"advokat-fri sone\". Det meste av innhold fra det nittende århundre var "
+"dermed fritt tilgjengelig for Disney å bruke eller bygge på i 1928. Det var "
+"tilgjengelig for enhver—uansett om de hadde forbindelser eller ikke, "
+"om de var rik eller ikke, om de var akseptert eller ikke—til å bruke "
+"og bygge videre på."
#. PAGE BREAK 38
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This is the ways things always were—until quite recently. For most of "
"our history, the public domain was just over the horizon. From until 1978, "
"Walt Disney to build upon without permission. Yet today, the public domain "
"is presumptive only for content from before the Great Depression."
msgstr ""
-"Dette er hvordan ting var alltid—inntil ganske nylig. for de fleste av "
-"vår historie var public domain litt over horisonten. fra 1978 var "
-"gjennomsnittlig opphavsrett begrepet aldri mer enn tretti-to år, noe som "
-"betyr at de fleste kultur bare generasjon og et halvt gamle var gratis for "
-"alle å bygge på uten tillatelse fra noen andre. dagens tilsvarende ville "
-"være til kreativt arbeid fra 1960- og 1970-tallet til nå være gratis for "
-"neste walt disney å bygge på uten tillatelse. ennå i dag, er den offentlige "
-"sfæren presumptive bare for innhold fra før den store depresjonen."
+"Dette er slik det alltid har vært—inntil ganske nylig. For "
+"mesteparten av vår historie, har allemannseiet vært like over horisonten. "
+"Fram til 1978 var den gjennomsnittelige opphavsrettslige vernetiden aldri "
+"mer enn trettito år, som gjorde at det meste av kultur fra en og en halv "
+"generasjon tidligere var tilgjengelig for enhver å bygge på uten tillatelse "
+"fra noen. Tilsvarende for i dag ville være at kreative verker fra 1960- ot "
+"1970-tallet nå ville være fritt tilgjengelig for de neste Walt Disney å "
+"bygge på uten tillatelse. Men i dag er allemannseie presumtivt kun for "
+"innhold fra før mellomkrigstiden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Of course, Walt Disney had no monopoly on \"Walt Disney creativity.\" Nor "
"does America. The norm of free culture has, until recently, and except "
"within totalitarian nations, been broadly exploited and quite universal."
msgstr ""
-"Walt Disney hadde selvfølgelig ikke monopol på \"Walt "
-"Disney-kreativitet\". Det har heller ikke USA. Normen med fri kultur "
-"har, inntil nylig, og unntatt i totalitære nasjoner, vært bredt "
-"utnyttet og svært universell."
+"Walt Disney hadde selvfølgelig ikke monopol på \"Walt Disney-kreativitet\". "
+"Det har heller ikke USA. Normen med fri kultur har, inntil nylig, og "
+"unntatt i totalitære nasjoner, vært bredt utnyttet og svært universell."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Consider, for example, a form of creativity that seems strange to many "
"Americans but that is inescapable within Japanese culture: <citetitle>manga</"
"magazine stand, carried by a large proportion of commuters on Japan's "
"extraordinary system of public transportation."
msgstr ""
-"Tenk deg for eksempel en form av kreativitet som synes underlig for mange "
-"amerikanere, men det er uunngåelig i japansk kultur: manga, eller "
-"tegneserier. Japansk er fanatikere om tegneserier. noen 40 prosent av "
-"publikasjoner er tegneserier, og 30 prosent av publikasjonen inntekter "
-"kommer fra tegneserier. de er overalt i japanske samfunnet, på hver "
-"magasinet stå båret av en stor andel av pendlere på Japans ekstraordinære "
-"systemet av offentlig transport."
+"Vurder for eksempel en form for kreativitet som synes underlig for mange "
+"amerikanere, men som er overalt i japansk kultur: <citetitle>manga</"
+"citetitle>, eller tegneserier. Japanerne er fanatiske når det gjelder "
+"tegneserier. Over 40 prosent av publikasjoner er tegneserier, og 30 prosent "
+"av publikasjonsomsetningen stammer fra tegneserier. De er over alt i det "
+"japanske samfunnet, tilgjengelig fra ethver tidsskriftsutsalg, og i hendene "
+"på en stor andel av pendlere på Japans ekstraordinære system for offentlig "
+"transport."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Americans tend to look down upon this form of culture. That's an "
"unattractive characteristic of ours. We're likely to misunderstand much "
"Hemingway. People of different cultures distract themselves in different "
"ways, the Japanese in this interestingly different way."
msgstr ""
-"Amerikanerne har en tendens til å se på denne formen for kultur. Det er en "
-"unattractive kjennetegnet av våre. vi sannsynligvis misforstå mye om manga, "
-"fordi få av oss noensinne har lest noe nær historiene som disse \"grafiske "
-"romaner\" fortelle. for japansk, manga dekker alle aspekter av sosiale liv. "
-"tegneserier er \"menn i strømpebukse.\" for oss, og likevel, det er ikke som "
-"hvis new york-bane er fylt med leserne av joyce eller selv hemingway. "
-"mennesker av ulike kulturer distrahere seg på forskjellige måter, japanske "
-"på dette interessant annen måte."
+"Amerikanere har en tendens til å se ned på denne formen for kultur. Det er "
+"et lite attraktivt kjennetegn hos oss. Vi misforstår sansynligvis mye rundt "
+"manga, pgå grunn av at få av oss noen gang har lest noe som ligner på "
+"historiene i disse \"grafiske historiene\" forteller. For en japaner dekker "
+"manga ethvert aspekt ved det sosiale liv. For oss er tegneserier \"menn i "
+"strømpebukser\". Og uansett er det ikke slik at T-banen i New York er full "
+"av folk som leser Joyse eller Hemingway for den saks skyld. Folk i ulike "
+"kulturer skiller seg ut på forskjellig måter, og japanerne på dette "
+"interessante viset."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But my purpose here is not to understand manga. It is to describe a variant "
"on manga that from a lawyer's perspective is quite odd, but from a Disney "
"perspective is quite familiar."
msgstr ""
-"Men mitt formål her er ikke å forstå manga. Det er a beskrive en variant av "
-"manga som fra en avokats perspektiv er ganske merkelig, men som fra en "
+"Men mitt formål her er ikke å forstå manga. Det er å beskrive en variant av "
+"manga som fra en advokats perspektiv er ganske merkelig, men som fra en "
"Disneys perspektiv er ganske godt kjent."
#. PAGE BREAK 39
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This is the phenomenon of <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi are "
"also comics, but they are a kind of copycat comic. A rich ethic governs the "
"doujinshi for inclusion within shows and reject any copycat comic that is "
"merely a copy."
msgstr ""
-"Dette er fenomenet doujinshi. doujinshi er også tegneserier, men de er en "
-"slags copycat tegneserie. en rik ethic styrer opprettingen av doujinshi. Det "
-"er ikke doujinshi Hvis det er bare en kopi; kunstneren må gi et bidrag til "
-"kunst som han overfører, gjøre det subtly eller betydelig. en doujinshi "
-"tegneserie kan dermed ta en mainstream tegneserie og utvikle den "
-"annerledes—med en annen historie-linje. eller tegneserier kan holde "
-"tegnet i karakter, men endre sitt utseende litt. Det er ingen formel for det "
-"som gjør doujinshi tilstrekkelig \"annerledes.\", men de må være "
-"forskjellige hvis de skal anses som sann doujinshi. Det er faktisk komiteer "
-"som gjennomgå doujinshi for inkludering i viser og avvise enhver copycat "
-"tegneserie som er bare en kopi."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+"Dette er fenomenet <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi er også "
+"tegneserier, men de er slags etterapings-tegneserier. En rik etikk styrer "
+"de som skaper doujinshi. Det er ikke doujinshi hvis det <emphasis>bare</"
+"emphasis> er en kopi. Kunstneren må gjøre et bidrag til kunsten han "
+"kopierer ved å omforme det entet subtilt eller betydelig. En doujinshi-"
+"tegneserie kan dermed ta en massemarkeds-tegneserie og utvikle den i en "
+"annen retning—med en annen historie-linje. Eller tegneserien kan "
+"beholde figuren som seg selv men endre litt på utseendet. Det er ingen "
+"bestemt formel for hva som gjør en doujinshi tilstrekkelig \"forskjellig\". "
+"Men de må være forskjellige hvis de skal anses som ekte doujinshi. Det er "
+"faktisk komiteer som går igjennom doujinshi for å bli med på messer, og "
+"avviser etterapninger som bare er en kopi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are huge. "
"More than 33,000 \"circles\" of creators from across Japan produce these "
"market to shut the doujinshi market down. It flourishes, despite the "
"competition and despite the law."
msgstr ""
-"disse copycat tegneseriene er ikke en liten del av manga-markedet. de er "
-"enorm. mer enn 33.000 \"sirkler\" av skaperne fra tvers japan produsere "
-"disse biter av walt disney kreativitet. mer enn 450.000 japansk komme sammen "
-"to ganger i året, i den største offentlig sammenkomst i landet, å bytte og "
-"selge dem. Dette markedet finnes i parallell til det mainstream kommersielle "
-"manga-markedet. det åpenbart konkurrerer med dette markedet på noen måter, "
-"men det er ingen vedvarende innsats av de som styrer kommersielle manga-"
-"markedet for å stenge doujinshi markedet. den blomstrer, til tross for "
-"konkurransen og til tross for loven."
+"Disse etterapings-tegneseriene er ikke en liten del av manga-markedet. Det "
+"er enorme. Mer en 33 000 \"sirkler\" av skapere over hele Japan som "
+"produserer disse bitene av Walt Disney-kreativitet. Mer en 450 000 "
+"japanesere samles to ganger i året, i den største offentlige samlingen i "
+"langet, for å bytte og selge dem. Dette markedet er parallellt med det "
+"kommersielle massemarkeds-manga-markedet. På noen måter konkurrerer det "
+"åpenbart med det markedet, men det er ingen vedvarende innsats fra de som "
+"kontrollerer det kommersielle manga-markedet for å stenge doujinshi-"
+"markedet. Det blostrer, på tross av konkurransen og til tross for loven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The most puzzling feature of the doujinshi market, for those trained in the "
"law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
"is illegal. It is an infringement of the original copyright to make a copy "
"or a derivative work without the original copyright owner's permission."
msgstr ""
-"funksjonen mest underlige i doujinshi markedet, for de jurist, minst, er at "
-"det er tillatt å eksistere i det hele tatt. under japansk lov om "
-"opphavsrett, som i denne forbindelse (på papiret) gjenspeiler amerikansk lov "
-"om opphavsrett, er doujinshi markedet en ulovlig. doujinshi er tydelig "
-"\"avledede works.\" det er ingen generell fremgangsmåte ved doujinshi "
-"artister for å sikre tillatelse fra skaperne manga. i stedet, øvelsen er "
-"ganske enkelt å ta og endre kreasjoner av andre, som walt disney gjorde med "
-"steamboat bill, jr. under både japanske og amerikanske loven, det \"tar\" "
-"uten tillatelse fra eieren av opprinnelige opphavsretten er ulovlig. Det er "
-"en krenkelse av opprinnelige opphavsretten til å lage en kopi eller et "
-"avledet arbeid uten den opphavspersonens tillatelse."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+"Den mest gåtefulle egenskapen med doujinshi-markedet, for de som har "
+"juridisk trening i hvert fall, er at det overhodet tillates å eksistere. "
+"Under japansk opphavsrettslov, som i hvert fall på dette området (på "
+"papiret) speiler USAs opphavsrettslov, er doujinshi-markedet ulovlig. "
+"Doujinshi er helt klart \"avledede verk\". Det er ingen generell praksis "
+"hos doujinshi-kunstnere for å sikre seg tillatelse hos manga-skaperne. I "
+"stedet er praksisen ganske enkelt å ta og endre det andre har laget, slik "
+"Walt Disney gjorde med <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. For både "
+"japansk og USAs lov, er å \"ta\" uten tillatelse fra den opprinnelige "
+"opphavsrettsinnehaver ulovlig. Det er et brudd på opphavsretten til det "
+"opprinnelige verket å lage en kopi eller et avledet verk uten tillatelse fra "
+"den opprinnelige rettighetsinnehaveren."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Winick, Judd"
msgstr "Winick, Judd"
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For an excellent history, see Scott McCloud, Reinventing Comics (New "
-#| "York: Perennial, 2000)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"For an excellent history, see Scott McCloud, <citetitle>Reinventing Comics</"
"citetitle> (New York: Perennial, 2000)."
msgstr ""
-"For en utmerket historie, se Scott McCloud, Reinventing Comics (New York: "
-"Perennial, 2000)."
+"For en utmerket historie, se Scott McCloud, <citetitle>Reinventing Comics</"
+"citetitle> (New York: Perennial, 2000)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
"view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "
"tracing them, but looking at them and copying them\" and building from them."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Likevel eksisterer dette illegale markedet og faktisk blomstrer i Japan, og "
+"etter manges syn er det nettopp fordi det eksisterer at japansk manga "
+"blomstrer. Som USAs tegneserieskaper Judd Winick fortalte meg, \"I "
+"amerikansk tegneseriers første dager var det ganske likt det som foregår i "
+"Japan i dag. . . . Amerikanske tegneserier kom til verden ved å kopiere "
+"hverandre. . . . Det er slik [kunstnerne] lærer å tegne—ved å se i "
+"tegneseriebøker og ikke følge streken, men ved å se på dem og kopiere dem\" "
+"og bygge basert på dem.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because of "
"the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are allowed. "
"it's frustrating having to stick to some parameters which are fifty years "
"old.\""
msgstr ""
-"amerikanske tegneserier nå er helt forskjellige, winick forklarer, delvis på "
-"grunn av juridiske vanskelighetene med å tilpasse tegneserier måte doujinshi "
-"er tillatt. Speaking of superman, winick fortalte meg, \"det er disse "
-"reglene og du har å holde oss til dem\" det er ting superman \"ikke\" gjøre. "
-"\"som en creator, det er frustrerende måtte holde oss til noen parametere "
-"som er femti år.\""
+"Amerikanske tegneserier nå er ganske annerledes, forklarer Winick, delvis på "
+"grunn av de juridiske problemene med å tilpasse tegneserier slik doujinshi "
+"får lov til. Med for eksempel Supermann, fortalte Winick meg, \"er det en "
+"rekke regler, og du må følge dem\". Det er ting som Supermann \"ikke kan\" "
+"gjøre. \"For en som lager tegneserier er det frustrerende å måtte begrense "
+"seg til noen parameter som er femti år gamle.\""
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why "
"All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
"self-interest and decide not to press their legal rights. This is "
"essentially a prisoner's dilemma solved.\""
msgstr ""
-"se salil k. mehra, \"copyright og tegneserier i japan: gjør loven forklare "
-"hvorfor alle tegneseriene min gutt klokker er japanske import?\" rutgers lov "
-"gå gjennom 55 (2002): 155, 182. \"[t] her kan være en kollektiv økonomiske "
-"rasjonalitet som ville føre manga og anime kunstnere til å forgo bringe "
-"juridiske handlinger for krenkelse. én hypotese er at alle manga kunstnere "
-"kan være bedre samlet hvis de satt deres individuelle egeninteresse og "
-"bestemmer deg for ikke å trykke sine juridiske rettigheter. Dette er "
-"egentlig en fangens dilemma løst.\""
+"Se Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why All "
+"the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. \"det kan være en kollektiv "
+"økonomisk rasjonalitet som får manga- og anime-kunstnere til ikke å saksøke "
+"for opphavsrettsbrudd. Én hypotese er at alle manga-kunstnere kan være bedre "
+"stilt hvis de setter sin individuelle egeninteresse til side og bestemmer "
+"seg for ikke å forfølge sine juridiske rettigheter. Dette er essensielt en "
+"løsning på fangens dilemma.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The norm in Japan mitigates this legal difficulty. Some say it is precisely "
"the benefit accruing to the Japanese manga market that explains the "
"Everyone would be worse off if doujinshi were banned, so the law does not "
"ban doujinshi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Normen i Japan reduserer denne juridiske utfordringen. Noen sier at det "
+"nettopp er den oppsamlede fordelen i det japanske mangamarkedet som "
+"forklarer denne reduksjonen. Jussprofessor Salil Mehra ved Temple "
+"University hypotiserer for eksempel med at manga-markedet aksepterer disse "
+"teoretiske bruddene fordi de får mangamarkedet til å bli rikere og mer "
+"produktivt. Alle ville få det værre hvis doujinshi ble bannlyst, så loven "
+"bannlyser ikke doujinshi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The problem with this story, however, as Mehra plainly acknowledges, is that "
"the mechanism producing this laissez faire response is not clear. It may "
"artists, why is there not a more general pattern of blocking this \"free "
"taking\" by the doujinshi culture?"
msgstr ""
-"problemet med denne historien, men er som mehra erkjenner tydelig, at "
-"mekanismen produsere dette laissez faire svaret ikke er klart. Det kan godt "
-"være at markedet som helhet er bedre om doujinshi er tillatt stedet "
-"utestengt, men som ikke forklare hvorfor enkelte opphavsrett eiere ikke "
-"saksøke likevel. Hvis loven har ingen generelle unntak for doujinshi og "
-"faktisk i noen tilfeller individuelle manga kunstnere har saksøkte doujinshi "
-"artister, hvorfor er det ikke en mer generell mønster av blokkerer denne "
-"\"gratis tar\" av doujinshi kultur?"
+"Problemet med denne historien, derimot, og som Mehra helt klart erkjenner, "
+"er at mekanismen som produserer denne \"hold hendene borte\"-responsen ikke "
+"er forstått. Det kan godt væræ at markedet som helhet gjør det bedre hvis "
+"doujinshi tillates i stedet for å bannlyse den, men det forklarer likevel "
+"ikke hvorfor individuelle opphavsrettsinnehavere ikke saksøker. Hvis loven "
+"ikke har et generelt unntak for doujinshi, og det finnes faktisk noen "
+"tilfeller der individuelle manga-kunstnere har saksøkt doujinshi-kunstnere, "
+"hvorfor er det ikke et mer generelt mønster for å blokkere denne \"frie "
+"takingen\" hos doujinshi-kulturen?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as often "
"as I could. Perhaps the best account in the end was offered by a friend from "
"afternoon. There \"just aren't enough resources to prosecute cases like this."
"\""
msgstr ""
-"Jeg tilbrakte fire fantastiske måneder i japan, og jeg spurt dette "
-"spørsmålet så ofte som jeg kunne. kanskje ble den beste kontoen til slutt "
-"tilbudt av en venn fra en større japansk advokatfirma. \"vi ikke har nok "
-"advokater,\" han fortalte meg en ettermiddag. det \"bare ikke er nok "
-"ressurser til å tiltale tilfeller som dette.\""
+"Jeg var fire nydelige måneder i Japan, og jeg stillte dette spørsmål så ofte "
+"som jeg kunne. Kanskje det beste svaret til slutt kom fra en venn i et "
+"større japansk advokatfirma. \"Vi har ikke nok advokater\", fortalte han meg "
+"en ettermiddag. Det er \"bare ikke nok ressurser til å tiltale tilfeller "
+"som dette\"."
#. PAGE BREAK 41
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This is a theme to which we will return: that regulation by law is a "
"function of both the words on the books and the costs of making those words "
"lawyers fighting this piracy help their clients or hurt them? Let's pause "
"for a moment."
msgstr ""
-"Dette er et tema som vi kommer tilbake: at regulering av loven er en "
-"funksjon av begge ordene på bøker og kostnadene ved å gjøre disse ordene har "
-"effekt. for nå, fokusere på det åpenbare spørsmålet som er ba: ville japan "
-"være bedre med mer advokater? ville manga bli rikere Hvis doujinshi artister "
-"regelmessig ble rettslig forfulgt? ville den japanske gevinsten noe viktig "
-"hvis de kunne avslutte denne praksisen med uncompensated deling? gjør vondt "
-"piratkopiering her ofre for piratkopiering, eller betyr det hjelpe dem? vil "
-"advokater slåss denne sjørøver hjelpe sine kunder eller skade dem? La oss ta "
-"en pause for et øyeblikk."
+"Dette er et tema vi kommer tilbake til: at lovens regulering både er en "
+"funksjon av ordene i bøkene, og kostnadene med å få disse ordene til å ha "
+"effekt. Akkurat nå er er det endel åpenbare spørsmål som presser seg frem: "
+"Ville Japan gjøre det bedre med flere advokater? Ville manga være rikere "
+"hvis doujinshi-kunstnere ble regelmessig rettsforfulgt? Ville japan vinne "
+"noe viktig hvis de kunne stoppe praksisen med deling uten kompensasjon? "
+"Skader piratvirksomhet ofrene for piratvirksomheten, eller hjelper den dem? "
+"Ville advokaters kamp mot denne piratvirksomheten hjelpe deres klienter, "
+"eller skade dem? La oss ta et øyeblikks pause."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"If you're like I was a decade ago, or like most people are when they first "
"start thinking about these issues, then just about now you should be puzzled "
"about something you hadn't thought through before."
msgstr ""
-"Hvis du er som jeg var et tiår siden, eller som folk flest er når de først "
-"begynne å tenke disse problemene, bør så bare om nå du være rådvill om noe "
-"du ikke hadde tenkt gjennom før."
+"Hvis du er som meg et tiår tilbake, eller som folk flest når de først "
+"begynner å tenke på disse temaene, da bør du omtrent nå være rådvill om noe "
+"du ikke hadde tenkt igjennom før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
msgstr "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The term <citetitle>intellectual property</citetitle> is of relatively "
"forretningshemmeligheter— men innholdet av disse rettighetene er svært "
"forskjellige."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"We live in a world that celebrates \"property.\" I am one of those "
"celebrants. I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "
"diverse society cannot survive without property; a large, diverse, and "
"modern society cannot flourish without intellectual property."
msgstr ""
+"Vi lever i en verden som feirer \"eiendom\". Jeg er en av de som feierer. "
+"Jeg tror på verdien av eiendom generelt, og jeg tror også på verdien av den "
+"sære formen for eiendom som advokater kaller \"immaterielle eierrettigheter"
+"\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Et stort og variert samfunn kan "
+"ikke overleve uten eiendom, og et moderte samfunn kan ikke blomstre uten "
+"immaterielle eierrettigheter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But it takes just a second's reflection to realize that there is plenty of "
"value out there that \"property\" doesn't capture. I don't mean \"money "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 42
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Thus, even though the things that Disney took—or more generally, the "
"things taken by anyone exercising Walt Disney creativity—are valuable, "
"our tradition does not treat those takings as wrong. Some things remain free "
"for the taking within a free culture, and that freedom is good."
msgstr ""
-"Således, selv om tingene som disney tok— eller mer generelt, tingene "
-"som er tatt av noen utøve walt disney kreativitet—er verdifull, vår "
-"tradisjon ikke behandler disse takings som feil. noen ting fortsatt være "
-"gratis for å ta innenfor en fri kultur, og at frihet er bra."
+"Dermed, selv om de tingene som Disney tok—eller mer generellt, tingene "
+"som blir tatt av enhver som utøver Walt Disney-kreativitet—er "
+"verdifulle, så anser ikke vår tradisjon det som galt å ta disse tingene. "
+"Noen ting forblir frie til å bli tatt i en fri kultur og denne friheten er "
+"bra."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The same with the doujinshi culture. If a doujinshi artist broke into a "
"publisher's office and ran off with a thousand copies of his latest "
"stolen something of value. The law bans that stealing in whatever form, "
"whether large or small."
msgstr ""
-"det samme med doujinshi kultur. Hvis en doujinshi artist brøt inn i en "
-"publisher office og kjørte med tusen eksemplarer av hans siste verk— "
-"eller selv en kopi—uten å betale, ville vi har ingen nøle i sier "
-"kunstneren var galt. i tillegg til å ha begått, ville han har stjålet noe av "
-"verdi. lov forbud at stjele i enhver form, enten store eller små."
+"Det er det samme med doujinshi-kulturen. Hvis en doujinshi-kunstner brøt "
+"seg inn på kontoret til en forlegger, og stakk av med tusen kopier av hans "
+"siste verk—elller bare en kopi—uten å betale, så ville vi uten å "
+"nøle si at kunstneren har gjort noe galt. I tillegg til å å trengt seg inn "
+"på andres eiendom, ville han ha stjålet noe av verdi. Loven forbyr stjeling "
+"i enhver form, uansett hvor stort eller lite som blir tatt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say that "
"the copycat comic artists are \"stealing.\" This form of Walt Disney "
"creativity is seen as fair and right, even if lawyers in particular find it "
"hard to say why."
msgstr ""
-"Likevel er det en åpenbar uvilje mot, selv blant japanske advokater, for å "
-"si at copycat comic kunstnerne er \"stjele.\" denne formen for walt disney "
-"kreativitet er sett på som rettferdig og høyre, selv om advokater spesielt "
-"finner det vanskelig å si hvorfor."
+"Likevel er det en åpenbar motvilje, selv blant japanske advokater, for å si "
+"at etterapende tegneseriekunstnere \"stjeler\". Denne formen for Walt "
+"Disney-kreativitet anses som rimelig og riktig, selv om spesielt advokater "
+"synes det er vanskelig å forklare hvorfor."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you begin "
"asteroider filmer inne det sen 1990s; to vulkanen katastrofe filmer i 1997."
#. PAGE BREAK 43
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creators here and everywhere are always and at all times building upon the "
"kultur som er gratis for å ta—gratis samfunn nærmere enn fri, kanskje, "
"men alle samfunn til en viss grad."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The hard question is therefore not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> a culture is "
"musicians generally, whether white or not? To filmmakers generally, whether "
"affiliated with a studio or not?"
msgstr ""
-"Det vanskelige spørsmålet er derfor ikke <emphasis>om</emphasis> en kultur er "
-"fri. Alle kulturer er frie til en viss grad. Det vanskelige spørsmålet er i "
-"stedet \"<emphasis>hvor</emphasis> fri er denne kulturen?\" hvor mye og "
-"hvordan forstand, er kultur som er gratis for andre å ta, og bygge på? er den "
-"hvordan forstand, er kultur som er friheten begrenset til partiets medlemmer? "
-"til medlemmer av kongefamilien? til topp ti selskaper på new york stock "
-"exchange? eller er at frihet spredt bredt? til kunstnere vanligvis "
+"Det vanskelige spørsmålet er derfor ikke <emphasis>om</emphasis> en kultur "
+"er fri. Alle kulturer er frie til en viss grad. Det vanskelige spørsmålet "
+"er i stedet \"<emphasis>hvor</emphasis> fri er denne kulturen?\" hvor mye og "
+"hvordan forstand, er kultur som er gratis for andre å ta, og bygge på? er "
+"den hvordan forstand, er kultur som er friheten begrenset til partiets "
+"medlemmer? til medlemmer av kongefamilien? til topp ti selskaper på new york "
+"stock exchange? eller er at frihet spredt bredt? til kunstnere vanligvis "
"enten tilknyttet av the met eller ikke? til musikere vanligvis om hvit eller "
"ikke? til filmskapere vanligvis enten tilknyttet et studio eller ikke?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Free cultures are cultures that leave a great deal open for others to build "
"upon; unfree, or permission, cultures leave much less. Ours was a free "
"Ufrie, eller tillatelse-kulturer etterlater mye mindre. Vår var en fri "
"kultur. Den er på tur til å bli mindre fri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER TWO: \"Mere Copyists\""
msgstr "Kapittel to: \"Kun etter-apere\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Daguerre, Louis"
msgstr "Daguerre, Louis"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1839, Louis Daguerre invented the first practical technology for "
"bransjen, som gjør alle slike tilknytninger, ved å holde konkurranse å holde "
"prisene.)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong. This "
"plater av glass, og dermed det var likevel ikke en prosess innenfor "
"rekkevidde de fleste amatører."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Eastman, George"
msgstr "Eastman, George"
#. PAGE BREAK 45
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The technological change that made mass photography possible didn't happen "
"dramatisk utvide befolkningen av fotografer."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Reese V. Jenkins, Images and Enterprise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins "
-#| "University Press, 1975), 112."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Reese V. Jenkins, <citetitle>Images and Enterprise</citetitle> (Baltimore: "
"Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 112."
msgstr ""
-"Reese V. Jenkins, Images and Enterprise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University "
-"Press, 1975), 112."
+"Reese V. Jenkins, <citetitle>Images and Enterprise</citetitle> (Baltimore: "
+"Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 112."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Eastman developed flexible, emulsion-coated paper film and placed rolls of "
"it in small, simple cameras: the Kodak. The device was marketed on the basis "
"citetitle>:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Coe, Brian"
msgstr "Coe, Brian"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Brian Coe, <citetitle>The Birth of Photography</citetitle> (New York: "
"Taplinger Publishing, 1977), 53. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Brian coe, fødselen av fotografering (new york: taplinger publiserer, 1977), "
-"53."
+"Brian Coe, <citetitle>The Birth of Photography</citetitle> (New York: "
+"Taplinger Publishing, 1977), 53. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The principle of the Kodak system is the separation of the work that any "
"person whomsoever can do in making a photograph, from the work that only an "
msgstr ""
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Jenkins, 177."
msgstr "Jenkins, 177."
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Based on a chart in Jenkins, p. 178."
msgstr "Basert på et diagram i Jenkins, s. 178."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"For $25, anyone could make pictures. The camera came preloaded with film, "
"and when it had been used, the camera was returned to an Eastman factory, "
msgstr ""
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Coe, 58."
msgstr "Coe, 58."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The real significance of Eastman's invention, however, was not economic. It "
"was social. Professional photography gave individuals a glimpse of places "
"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this way, the Kodak camera and film were technologies of expression. The "
"måte å uttrykke seg lettere enn noen verktøy kan har før."
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"For illustrative cases, see, for example, <citetitle>Pavesich</citetitle> v. "
"<citetitle>N.E. Life Ins. Co</citetitle>., 50 S.E. 68 (Ga. 1905); "
"<citetitle>Walker</citetitle>, 64 F. 280 (Mass. Dist. Ct. 1894)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"What was required for this technology to flourish? Obviously, Eastman's "
"genius was an important part. But also important was the legal environment "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 47
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "
"tegne mickey, så bør også, disse fotografer ikke være fritt til å ta bilder "
"som de trodde verdifull."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Warren, Samuel D."
msgstr "Warren, Samuel D."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" "
"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Samuel d. warren og louis d. brandeis, \"rett til personvern,\" harvard law "
-"gå gjennom 4 (1890): 193."
+"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" "
+"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"On the other side was an argument that should be familiar, as well. Sure, "
"there may be something of value being used. But citizens should have the "
msgstr ""
#. f8
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Melville B. Nimmer, \"The Right of Publicity,\" <citetitle>Law and "
"48 (1960) 398407; hvite v. samsung electronics america, inc., 971 f. 2D 1395 "
"(9 cir. 1992), cert. nektet, 508 amerikansk 951 (1993)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Fortunately for Mr. Eastman, and for photography in general, these early "
"decisions went in favor of the pirates. In general, no permission would be "
"\" id=\"0\"/>)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We can only speculate about how photography would have developed had the law "
"utvikle for å demonstrere tillatelsen."
#. PAGE BREAK 48
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But though we could imagine this system of permission, it would be very hard "
"fiksing og triksing lærer de."
#. f9
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"H. Edward Goldberg, \"Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software "
"You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,\" cadalyst, February "
"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #7</"
"ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly so. "
"The cost of a high-quality digital video system has fallen dramatically. As "
"teachers call \"media literacy.\""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Yanofsky, Dave"
msgstr "Yanofsky, Dave"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Media literacy,\" as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of Just Think!, "
"bilder. Målet er å gjøre [barn] literate om måten mediet fungerer, hvordan "
"den er konstruert, slik den er levert, og måten å få tilgang til den.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This may seem like an odd way to think about \"literacy.\" For most people, "
"merke delte infinitiv er det ting som \"literate\" folk vet om."
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
"associates, 1990); \"funn på familie og tv studie,\" denver innlegg, 25 mai "
"1997, b6."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Maybe. But in a world where children see on average 390 hours of television "
"commercials per year, or between 20,000 and 45,000 commercials generally,"
"constructing lots of (at least at first) terrible media."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A growing field of academics and activists sees this form of literacy as "
"fungerer, hvordan det holder et publikum eller fører det gjennom en "
"artikkel, hvordan det utløser følelser eller bygger spenning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It took filmmaking a generation before it could do these things well. But "
"en lærer å skrive med bilder ved å gjøre dem og deretter reflektere over hva "
"man har opprettet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Crichton, Michael"
msgstr "Crichton, Michael"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Barish, Stephanie"
msgstr "Barish, Stephanie"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Daley, Elizabeth"
msgstr "Daley, Elizabeth"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Interview with Elizabeth Daley and Stephanie Barish, 13 December 2002. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"1\"/>"
#. f12
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4 November "
"2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #8</"
"ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This grammar has changed as media has changed. When it was just film, as "
"Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
"author.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "computer games"
msgstr "dataspill"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "
"ingen anelse om. Hvis en filmskaper lykkes du ikke vet hvordan du ble ledet."
"\"Hvis du vet at du ble ledet gjennom en film, filmen mislyktes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet the push for an expanded literacy—one that goes beyond text to "
"styremedlemmer. Målet er ikke å forbedre yrket i filmskapning overhodet. i "
"stedet, som daley forklart,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"From my perspective, probably the most important digital divide is not "
"at boksen fungerer i. ellers bare en svært få mennesker kan skrive med dette "
"språket, og resten av oss er redusert til å være skrivebeskyttet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"\"Read-only.\" Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere. Couch "
"potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth century."
msgstr ""
-"\"lese-bare.\" passiv mottakerne av kultur produsert andre steder. Couch "
-"Poteter. forbrukere. Dette er verden av medier fra det tjuende århundre."
+"\"Skrivebeskyttet.\" Passive mottakerne av kultur produsert andre steder. "
+"Sofapoteter. Forbrukere. Dette er medieverden fra det tjuende århundre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Interview with Daley and Barish. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Intervju med Daley og Barish. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f31
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Ibid."
msgstr "ibid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The twenty-first century could be different. This is the crucial point: It "
"could be both read and write. Or at least reading and better understanding "
"\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As with any language, this language comes more easily to some than to "
"bruke filmen til å uttrykke mening om noe elevene vet noe om—pistol "
"vold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The class was held on Friday afternoons, and it created a relatively new "
"enn i noen annen klasse å gjøre hva utdanning bør være omtrent—lære å "
"uttrykke seg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using whatever \"free web stuff they could find,\" and relatively simple "
"upon dens forbindelse til denne formen for uttrykk."
#. PAGE BREAK 52
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"But isn't education about teaching kids to write?\" I asked. In part, of "
"økende grad, ikke den mektigste delen—for å bygge betydning. som daley "
"forklart i den mest flyttende del av vårt intervju"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What you want is to give these students ways of constructing meaning. If all "
"men i stedet, virkelig hjelpe deg med å ta disse elementene du forstår, som "
"er ditt språk, og konstruere mening om emnet...."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That empowers enormously. And then what happens, of course, is eventually, "
"till de fått det riktig."
#. PAGE BREAK 53
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Because they needed to. There was a reason for doing it. They needed to say "
"bruke et språk som de ikke snakker godt. men de hadde begynt å forstå at de "
"hadde mye kraft med dette språket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When two planes crashed into the World Trade Center, another into the "
"terrorisme var at forsinkede andre angrepet var perfekt timet for å sikre at "
"hele verden ville være å se."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These retellings had an increasingly familiar feel. There was music scored "
"koreograferte i måten vi er stadig mer vant til det, \"nyheter som "
"underholdning,\" selv om underholdning er tragedie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "ABC"
msgstr "ABC"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CBS"
msgstr "CBS"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But in addition to this produced news about the \"tragedy of September 11,\" "
"og cbs, men det var også Internett."
#. PAGE BREAK 54
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I don't mean simply to praise the Internet—though I do think the "
"Internett folk til å ta bilder. og som i en film av en student på \"bare "
"tror!\"-bussen visuelle bilder kan blandes med lyd eller tekst."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But unlike any technology for simply capturing images, the Internet allows "
"kritisk, men at denne blandingen av tatt bilder, lyd, og kommentarer kan "
"være vidt spredt nesten umiddelbart."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"September 11 was not an aberration. It was a beginning. Around the same "
"en offentlig måte—det er en slags elektronisk jerry springer, "
"tilgjengelig overalt i verden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But in the United States, blogs have taken on a very different character. "
"diskusjon som vi har."
#. PAGE BREAK 55
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That's a strong statement. Yet it says as much about our democracy as it "
"fleste av oss tror dette er demokrati."
#. f15
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, <citetitle>Democracy in America</"
"citetitle>, bk. 1, trans. Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, 2000), ch. "
"16."
msgstr ""
-"Se for eksempel alexis de tocqueville, demokrati i Amerika, bk. 1, trans. "
-"Henry reeve (new york: bantam books, 2000), ch. 16."
+"Se for eksempel Alexis de Tocqueville, <citetitle>Democracy in America</"
+"citetitle>, bk. 1, overs. Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, 2000), kap. "
+"16."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But democracy has never just been about elections. Democracy means rule by "
"the people, but rule means something more than mere elections. In our "
msgstr ""
#. f16
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" Journal of "
-#| "Political Philosophy 10 (2) (2002): 129."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" <citetitle>Journal "
"of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
msgstr ""
-"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" Journal of Political "
-"Philosophy 10 (2) (2002): 129."
+"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" <citetitle>Journal "
+"of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Yet even this institution flags in American life today. And in its place, "
"there is no systematic effort to enable citizen deliberation. Some are "
msgstr ""
#. f17
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Cass Sunstein, Republic.com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, "
-#| "2001), 65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Cass Sunstein, <citetitle>Republic.com</citetitle> (Princeton: Princeton "
"University Press, 2001), 65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
msgstr ""
-"Cass Sunstein, Republic.com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), "
-"65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
+"Cass Sunstein, <citetitle>Republic.com</citetitle> (Princeton: Princeton "
+"University Press, 2001), 65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"More bizarrely, there is generally not even permission for it to occur. We, "
"the most powerful democracy in the world, have developed a strong norm "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 56
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the blog. The blog's very architecture solves one part of this "
"public discourse uten publikum noensinne trenger å samles i en enkelt "
"offentlig sted."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But beyond architecture, blogs also have solved the problem of norms. "
"det er mange av alle politiske striper. og med blogger som ikke er politisk "
"dekker politiske spørsmål når anledningen fortjener."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Dean, Howard"
msgstr "Dean, Howard"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The significance of these blogs is tiny now, though not so tiny. The name "
"Selv om antall lesere er liten, er ennå lesing har en effekt."
#. f18
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Noah Shachtman, \"With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot,\" New "
"Noah shachtman, \"med uopphørlig innlegg, en pundit stirs potten,\" new york "
"times, 16 januar 2003, g5."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Lott, Trent"
msgstr "Lott, Trent"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the "
"mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott \"misspoke"
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This different cycle is possible because the same commercial pressures don't "
"selskaper. de må arbeide for å holde oppmerksomheten. Hvis de mister lesere, "
"mister de inntekt. som haier, må de flytte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But bloggers don't have a similar constraint. They can obsess, they can "
"historier. folk lese hva som er populært; Hva er populære har blitt valgt av "
"en veldig demokratisk prosess med node-generert rangeringer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Winer, Dave"
msgstr "Winer, Dave"
#. PAGE BREAK 57
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's a second way, as well, in which blogs have a different cycle from "
"journalist simpelthen har ikke en konflikt av interesse, eller konflikt av "
"interesse er så lett avslørt at du vet du kan liksom få det ut av veien.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CNN"
msgstr "CNN"
#. f19
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Telephone interview with David Winer, 16 April 2003."
msgstr "Telefonintervju med David Winer, 16. april 2003."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These conflicts become more important as media becomes more concentrated "
"(more on this below). A concentrated media can hide more from the public "
msgstr ""
#. f20
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"John Schwartz, \"Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of Information "
"Online,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 February 2003, A28; Staci "
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the debate—\"amateur\" not in "
"the sense of inexperienced, but in the sense of an Olympic athlete, meaning "
"benefits, and costs, that might entail."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Michael Falcone, \"Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?\" "
"problemer og folk som han var dekket.\")"
#. PAGE BREAK 58
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Winer is optimistic about the future of journalism infected with blogs. "
"\"It's going to become an essential skill,\" Winer predicts, for public "
"copyright), Winer said, \"we will be the last thing that gets shut down.\""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because \"you don't "
"blogger der skrive slike skjer. Når det er ti millioner, vil det være noe "
"ekstraordinære til rapporten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Brown, John Seely"
msgstr "Brown, John Seely"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"John Seely Brown is the chief scientist of the Xerox Corporation. His work, "
"arbeid, som hans webområdet beskriver det, er \"menneskelige læring og... "
"etableringen av kunnskap dagsykluser for å opprette... innovasjon.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Brown thus looks at these technologies of digital creativity a bit "
"men hans håv kommer fra hvordan disse teknologiene berører læring."
#. PAGE BREAK 59
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When \"a lot of us grew up,\" he "
"eller \"gratis collage,\" som brown kaller det. mange kommer til å legge til "
"eller forandre fiksing og den triksing av mange andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The best large-scale example of this kind of tinkering so far is free "
"software or open-source software (FS/OSS). FS/OSS is software whose source "
"technology works can tinker with the code."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This opportunity creates a \"completely new kind of learning platform,\" as "
"hver innsats er en slags læretid. \"åpen kildekode blir en større læretid "
"plattform.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this process, \"the concrete things you tinker with are abstract. They "
"triksing med andres ting. Jo mer du tinker jo mer du forbedre.\"jo mer du "
"forbedre, jo mer du lærer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This same thing happens with content, too. And it happens in the same "
"respektere disse flere former for intelligens.\""
#. PAGE BREAK 60
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Brown is talking about what Elizabeth Daley, Stephanie Barish, and Just "
"som fiksing og denne triksing med kultur lærer samt oppretter. det utvikler "
"talenter annerledes, og det bygger en annen type gjenkjenning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet the freedom to tinker with these objects is not guaranteed. Indeed, as "
"teknologi, og nysgjerrighet, ellers ville sikre."
#. f22
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See, for example, Edward Felten and Andrew Appel, \"Technological Access "
"tilgangskontroll forstyrrer noninfringing stipend,\" kommunikasjon av "
"association for computer machinery 43 (2000): 9."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These restrictions have become the focus of researchers and scholars. "
-"Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter 10) has "
-"developed a powerful argument in favor of the \"right to tinker\" as it "
-"applies to computer science and to knowledge in general.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But Brown's concern is earlier, or younger, or more "
-"fundamental. It is about the learning that kids can do, or can't do, because "
-"of the law."
+"Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>) has developed a "
+"powerful argument in favor of the \"right to tinker\" as it applies to "
+"computer science and to knowledge in general.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> But Brown's concern is earlier, or younger, or more fundamental. "
+"It is about the learning that kids can do, or can't do, because of the law."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"This is where education in the twenty-first century is going,\" Brown "
"forklarer. Vi trenger å \"forstå hvordan barn som vokser opp digital tror og "
"vil lære.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Yet,\" as Brown continued, and as the balance of this book will evince, "
"dagens digitale barn.... bygger vi en arkitektur som unleashes 60 prosent av "
"hjernen [og] en juridisk system stenger ned som en del av hjernen.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We're building a technology that takes the magic of Kodak, mixes moving "
"og legger til et mellomrom for kommentarer og en mulighet til å spre at "
"kreativiteten overalt. men bygger vi lov til å lukke den teknologien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"No way to run a culture,\" as Brewster Kahle, whom we'll meet in chapter "
-"9, quipped to me in a rare moment of despondence."
+"<xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>, quipped to "
+"me in a rare moment of despondence."
msgstr ""
"\"ingen måte å kjøre en kultur\" som brewster kahle, hvem vil vi møtes i "
"kapittel 9, quipped til meg i en sjelden øyeblikk av despondence."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
msgstr "Kapittel tre: Kataloger"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In the fall of 2002, Jesse Jordan of Oceanside, New York, enrolled as a "
"freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, in Troy, New York. His major "
"en programmerer, bestemte Jesse seg i oktober å begynne å fikle med en "
"søkemotorteknologi som var tilgjengelig på RPI-nettverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"RPI is one of America's foremost technological research institutions. It "
"blanding av talent og erfaring til å tenke og deretter bygge en generasjon "
"for nettverk-alder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"RPI's computer network links students, faculty, and administration to one "
"tilgang til andre medlemmer av samfunnet rpi."
#. PAGE BREAK 62
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Search engines are a measure of a network's intimacy. Google brought the "
"ha tilgang til materiale som ikke kan få personer utenfor bedriften. "
"universiteter gjøre det også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These engines are enabled by the network technology itself. Microsoft, for "
"Microsofts NFS til å lage en indeks over alle filer som er tilgjengelige "
"innenfor rpi-nettverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse's wasn't the first search engine built for the RPI network. Indeed, "
"det problemet, ved å legge til en knapp som en bruker kan klikke for å se om "
"maskinen holde filen var fortsatt on-line."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse's engine went on-line in late October. Over the following six months, "
"mappen, inkludert alle typer innhold som kan være på brukernes datamaskiner."
#. PAGE BREAK 63
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus the index his search engine produced included pictures, which students "
"Universitetet brosjyrer—i utgangspunktet alt som brukere av rpi-"
"nettverket gjøres tilgjengelig i en fellesmappe på datamaskinen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the index also included music files. In fact, one quarter of the files "
"fiksing og triksing med teknologi i et miljø hvor fiksing og triksing med "
"teknologi var nøyaktig hva han skulle gjøre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"On April 3, 2003, Jesse was contacted by the dean of students at RPI. The "
"servert med avhandlinger fra dressen. som han lese disse papirene og så "
"nyhetsrapporter om dem, ble han stadig mer forbauset."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"It was absurd,\" he told me. \"I don't think I did anything wrong. . . . "
"gjøre med musikk."
#. PAGE BREAK 64
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the RIAA branded Jesse a pirate. They claimed he operated a network and "
"derfor at jesse betale dem minst $15,000,000."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
-#| "Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" Professional Media Group LCC 6 "
-#| "(2003): 5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" <citetitle>Professional Media Group LCC</"
"citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
msgstr ""
"Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
-"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" Professional Media Group LCC 6 (2003): "
-"5, tilgjengelig fra 2003 WL 55179443."
+"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" <citetitle>Professional Media Group LCC</"
+"citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, tilgjengelig fra 2003 WL 55179443."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Similar lawsuits were brought against three other students: one other "
"student at RPI, one at Michigan Technical University, and one at Princeton. "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse called his parents. They were supportive but a bit frightened. An "
"penger jesse hatt. Jesse hadde lagret $12.000 fra sommerjobber og andre "
"sysselsetting. de krevde $12000 for å avvise saken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The RIAA wanted Jesse to admit to doing something wrong. He refused. They "
"krone jesse hadde lagret."
#. PAGE BREAK 65
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse's family was outraged at these claims. They wanted to fight. But "
"vunnet, ville han ha et stykke papir som sa han hadde vunnet, og et stykke "
"papir sier han og hans familie var konkurs."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"So Jesse faced a mafia-like choice: $250,000 and a chance at winning, or "
"$12,000 and a settlement."
"eller $12.000 og et forlik."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Occupational Employment Survey, U.S. Dept. of Labor (2001) "
"enn en i en blå månen (2000)."
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" Wall "
-#| "Street Journal, 10 September 2003, A24."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" "
"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, A24."
msgstr ""
"Douglas Lichtman kommer med et relatert poeng i \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" "
-"Wall Street Journal, 10. september 2003, A24."
+"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, A24."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The recording industry insists this is a matter of law and morality. Let's "
"put the law aside for a moment and think about the morality. Where is the "
"for running a search engine?<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"On June 23, Jesse wired his savings to the lawyer working for the RIAA. The "
"case against him was then dismissed. And with this, this kid who had "
"fiklet med en datamaskin og blitt saksøkt for 15 millioner dollar en "
"aktivist:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I was definitely not an activist [before]. I never really meant to be an "
"jeg noensinne forutsi noe lignende, men jeg tror det er bare helt absurd det "
"riaa har gjort."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse's parents betray a certain pride in their reluctant activist. As his "
"plukket ut ham. Men han ønsker å la folk få vite at de sender feil "
"budskap, Og han ønsker å korrigere posten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER FOUR: \"Pirates\""
msgstr "Kapittel fire: \"Pirater\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If \"piracy\" means using the creative property of others without their "
"definert. konsekvent historien er hvordan siste generasjon pirater bli med "
"denne generasjon country club—før nå."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Film"
msgstr "filmen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I am grateful to Peter DiMauro for pointing me to this extraordinary "
"inneholder informasjon om edison's \"opplevelser\" med opphavsrett og patent."
#. PAGE BREAK 67
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The film industry of Hollywood was built by fleeing pirates.<placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Creators and directors migrated from the East "
"demanded."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "As one commentator tells one part of the story,"
msgstr "som en kommentator forteller en del av historien,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A January 1909 deadline was set for all companies to comply with the "
"film lager til å lage sine egne underjordisk marked."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"J. A. Aberdeen, <citetitle>Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent "
"Motion Picture Producers</citetitle> (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and "
"in Law and Economics, Working Paper No. 159."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "General Film Company"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Picker, Randal C."
msgstr "Picker, Randal C."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"With the country experiencing a tremendous expansion in the number of "
"nickelodeons, the Patents Company reacted to the independent movement by "
msgstr ""
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" The Silents Majority, archived at "
-#| "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #12</ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" <citetitle>The Silents Majority</"
"citetitle>, archived at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#12</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" The Silents Majority, arkivert på "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #12</ulink>."
+"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" <citetitle>The Silents Majority</"
+"citetitle>, arkivert på <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#12</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Napsters of those days, the \"independents,\" were companies like Fox. "
"And no less than today, these independents were vigorously resisted. "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 68
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Of course, California grew quickly, and the effective enforcement of federal "
"marshals dukket opp, patentene var utløpt. en ny industri hadde blitt født, "
"delvis fra piratkopiering av Edisons kreative eiendom."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Recorded Music"
msgstr "Innspilt musikk"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The record industry was born of another kind of piracy, though to see how "
"requires a bit of detail about the way the law regulates music."
"hvordan krever at en setter seg inn i detaljer om hvordan loven regulerer "
"musikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the time that Edison and Henri Fourneaux invented machines for "
"musikalske poeng, og jeg vil også måtte betale for retten til å utføre det "
"offentlig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Beatles"
msgstr "Beatles"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But what if I wanted to record \"Happy Mose,\" using Edison's phonograph or "
"kunne jeg effektivt pirat andres sang uten å betale sin komponist noe."
#. PAGE BREAK 69
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The composers (and publishers) were none too happy about this capacity to "
"som i Sør-dakota senator alfred sa kittredge,"
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright: Hearings on S. 6330 "
"reprinted i lovgivningens bakgrunn av copyright act, e. brylawski for fulton "
"og abe goldman, Red. (south hackensack, NJ: rothman opptrykk, 1976)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Imagine the injustice of the thing. A composer writes a song or an opera. A "
"publisher buys at great expense the rights to the same and copyrights it. "
msgstr ""
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (statement of "
"nathan burkan, advokat for musikk publishers association)."
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (statement of "
"nathan burkan, advokat for musikk publishers association)."
#. f7
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (statement of "
"endre og konsolidere handlinger som respekterer opphavsrett, 23 (setning av "
"john philip sousa, komponist)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The innovators who developed the technology to record other people's works "
"were \"sponging upon the toil, the work, the talent, and genius of American "
msgstr ""
#. f8
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283–84 "
"new york)."
#. f9
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 376 (prepared "
"memorandum of philip mauro, patent sjefsjurist for amerikansk graphophone "
"selskapet association)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These arguments have familiar echoes in the wars of our day. So, too, do the "
"arguments on the other side. The innovators who developed the player piano "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 70
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The law soon resolved this battle in favor of the composer <emphasis>and</"
"andre gratis å registrere samme sang, så lenge de betaler den opprinnelige "
"komponisten et gebyr som er angitt av loven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"American law ordinarily calls this a \"compulsory license,\" but I will "
"de betalte komponist (eller opphavsrettsinnehaver) gebyr som er angitt av "
"Vedtektene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Grisham, John"
msgstr "Grisham, John"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is an exception within the law of copyright. When John Grisham writes a "
"til å bruke grisham's arbeide bortsett med tillatelse fra grisham."
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and H.R. "
"copyright act, e. brylawski for fulton og abe goldman, Red. (south "
"hackensack, NJ: rothman opptrykk, 1976)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"But the law governing recordings gives recording artists less. And thus, in "
"effect, the law <emphasis>subsidizes</emphasis> the recording industry "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"While the recording industry has been quite coy about this recently, "
"relaterer rapport fra house committee på rettsvesenet,"
#. f11
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision: Report to Accompany H.R. 2512, House Committee on "
"er takknemlig for glenn brun for tegning min oppmerksomhet til denne "
"rapporten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"the record producers argued vigorously that the compulsory license system "
"must be retained. They asserted that the record industry is a half-billion-"
"\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By limiting the rights musicians have, by partially pirating their creative "
"ved å begrense fordel rettighetene musikere har, ved delvis pirating sine "
"skapende arbeid, registrere produsentene og offentligheten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Radio"
msgstr "Radio"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Radio was also born of piracy."
msgstr "Radio ble også født av piratkopiering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Hand, Learned"
msgstr "Hand, Learned"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, sections 106 and 110. At "
"nektet og propertization av opphavsrett,\" university of chicago lov gå "
"gjennom 70 (2003): 281."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"When a radio station plays a record on the air, that constitutes a \"public "
"performance\" of the composer's work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
"owes the composer money for that performance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Lovett, Lyle"
msgstr "Lovett, Lyle"
#. PAGE BREAK 72
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But when the radio station plays a record, it is not only performing a copy "
"prosent konsekvente, radiostasjonen vil måtte betale Plateartist for sitt "
"arbeid, akkurat som det lønner seg komponist av musikken for sitt arbeid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But it doesn't. Under the law governing radio performances, the radio "
"å utføre den Plateartist arbeid gratis, selv om det må betale komponisten "
"noe for privilegiet av å spille sangen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Madonna"
msgstr "Madonna"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This difference can be huge. Imagine you compose a piece of music. Imagine "
"teateroppsetninger av at musikk. så hvis madonna ønsker å synge sangen i det "
"offentlige, hun har å bli din tillatelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Imagine she does sing your song, and imagine she likes it a lot. She then "
"innspilling er ikke en \"beskyttet\" høyre. radiostasjonen får dermed pirat "
"verdien av madonna's arbeid uten å betale henne noe."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No doubt, one might argue that, on balance, the recording artists benefit. "
"gjøre dette valget. ved å gjøre valg for ham eller henne, gir loven "
"radiostasjonen retten til å ta noe for ingenting."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Cable TV"
msgstr "Kabel-TV"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Cable TV was also born of a kind of piracy."
msgstr "kabel-tv ble også født av en form for piratkopiering."
#. PAGE BREAK 73
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When cable entrepreneurs first started wiring communities with cable "
"noensinne—napster belastet aldri for innholdet det aktivert andre til "
"å gi bort."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Anello, Douglas"
msgstr "Anello, Douglas"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Burdick, Quentin"
msgstr "Burdick, Quentin"
#. f13
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV: Hearing on S. 1006 Before the "
"federal communications commission)."
#. f14
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 116 (statement of Douglas A. Anello, "
"Copyright lov revision—catv, 116 (setning av douglas a. anello, "
"sjefsjurist av national association of broadcasters)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Broadcasters and copyright owners were quick to attack this theft. Rosel "
"Hyde, chairman of the FCC, viewed the practice as a kind of \"unfair and "
msgstr ""
#. f15
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 126 (statement of Ernest W. Jennes, "
"Copyright lov revision—catv, 126 (setning av ernest w. jennes, "
"sjefsjurist av tilknytningen for maksimal service telecasters, inc.)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The extraordinary thing about the CATV business is that it is the only "
"business I know of where the product that is being sold is not paid for."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Again, the demand of the copyright holders seemed reasonable enough:"
msgstr "igjen, etterspørselen av rettighetshavere virket fornuftig nok:"
#. f16
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 169 (joint statement of Arthur B. Krim, "
"president i united artists Corporation og john sinn, president i united "
"artists TV, inc.)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"All we are asking for is a very simple thing, that people who now take our "
"property for nothing pay for it. We are trying to stop piracy and I don't "
msgstr ""
#. f17
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 209 (statement of Charlton Heston, "
"president of the Screen Actors Guild)."
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 209 (vitnemål fra Charlton Heston, "
"president i Screen Actors Guild)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These were \"free-ride[rs],\" Screen Actor's Guild president Charlton Heston "
"said, who were \"depriving actors of compensation.\"<placeholder type="
"Actor's Guild, som \"tok lønna fra skuespillerne\"<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"But again, there was another side to the debate. As Assistant Attorney "
"General Edwin Zimmerman put it,"
"Men igjen, det er en annen side i debatten. Som assisterende justisminister "
"Edwin Zimmerman sa det,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Zimmerman, Edwin"
msgstr "Zimmerman, Edwin"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 216 (statement of Edwin M. Zimmerman, "
"Copyright lov revision—catv, 216 (setning av edwin m. Zimmerman "
"fungerende assistent justisministeren)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Our point here is that unlike the problem of whether you have any copyright "
"protection at all, the problem here is whether copyright holders who are "
"\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Copyright owners took the cable companies to court. Twice the Supreme Court "
"held that the cable companies owed the copyright owners nothing."
"Opphavsrettinnehaverne tok kabelselskapene til retten. Høyesterett fant to "
"ganger at kabelselskaper ikke skyldte opphavsrettinnehaverne noen ting."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It took Congress almost thirty years before it resolved the question of "
"verdiene som skapes av broadcasters' innhold."
#. f19
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, <citetitle>The "
"Engine of Free Expression: Copyright on the Internet—The Myth of Free "
"the Internet.\""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These separate stories sing a common theme. If \"piracy\" means using value "
"from someone else's creative property without permission from that "
"generation—until now."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER FIVE: \"Piracy\""
msgstr "Kapittel fem: \"Piratvirksomhet\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is piracy of copyrighted material. Lots of it. This piracy comes in "
"dette tar galt. ingen bør condone det, og loven skal slutte det."
#. PAGE BREAK 76
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of \"taking\" that is "
"tvetydig enn outright kopiering og loven skal konto for at tvetydighet som "
"det så ofte har gjort i fortiden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Piracy I"
msgstr "piratkopiering jeg"
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), "
"<citetitle>The Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003</citetitle>, "
"<citetitle>Financial Times</citetitle>, 14 February 2003, 11."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"All across the world, but especially in Asia and Eastern Europe, there are "
"businesses that do nothing but take others people's copyrighted content, "
"billion annually worldwide to piracy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is piracy plain and simple. Nothing in the argument of this book, nor "
"denne boken, bør trekke i tvil dette enkle punktet: denne piratkopiering er "
"galt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Which is not to say that excuses and justifications couldn't be made for it. "
"hypocritical for oss å insistere så sterkt at andre utviklingsland behandle "
"feil hva vi, for de første hundre år av vår eksistens, behandlet som høyre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That excuse isn't terribly strong. Technically, our law did not ban the "
"internasjonalt juridiske galt, men en lokalt juridiske galt også."
#. PAGE BREAK 77
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"True, these local rules have, in effect, been imposed upon these countries. "
msgid "Drahos, Peter"
msgstr "Drahos, Peter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: "
"kunne bruke dette for å få fordelene med utenlandske patenter til lavere "
"priser. Dette er en lovende strategi for utviklingsland rammene turer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"If a country is to be treated as a sovereign, however, then its laws are its "
"laws regardless of their source. The international law under which these "
"these nations, this piracy is wrong."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
msgstr "Liebowitz, Stan"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For an analysis of the economic impact of copying technology, see Stan "
"i pirating ikke ville ha kjøpt en original selv om pirating var ikke en "
"alternativet. ibid., 149."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, we could try to excuse this piracy by noting that in any "
"case, it does no harm to the industry. The Chinese who get access to "
"otherwise would have had.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is often true (though I have friends who have purchased many thousands "
"piratkopiering av en konkret."
#. PAGE BREAK 78
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This argument is still very weak. However, although copyright is a property "
"for en tid-teknologien, er det galt å ta eiendom uten tillatelse fra eieren "
"av en egenskap. Det er akkurat hva \"property\" betyr."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Linux operating system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Microsoft"
+msgstr "Microsoft"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "Windows operating system of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Windows"
msgstr "Windows"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Finally, we could try to excuse this piracy with the argument that the "
"piracy actually helps the copyright owner. When the Chinese \"steal\" "
"the piracy. If instead of pirating Microsoft Windows, the Chinese used the "
"free GNU/Linux operating system, then these Chinese users would not "
"eventually be buying Microsoft. Without piracy, then, Microsoft would "
-"lose. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"lose. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This argument, too, is somewhat true. The addiction strategy is a good one. "
"tjeneste som de vil bruke det, og ikke den andre når de blir jurister (og må "
"betale høy abonnementsavgift)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Still, the argument is not terribly persuasive. We don't give the alcoholic "
"a defense when he steals his first beer, merely because that will make it "
"fight Netscape. A property right means giving the property owner the right "
"to say who gets access to what—at least ordinarily. And if the law "
"properly balances the rights of the copyright owner with the rights of "
-"access, then violating the law is still wrong."
+"access, then violating the law is still wrong. <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 79
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, while I understand the pull of these justifications for piracy, and I "
"endret for å tegne den lov i tvil. denne formen for piratkopiering er flat "
"ut feil."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But as the examples from the four chapters that introduced this part "
"har du noensinne utestengt alle \"piratkopiering\" i den forstand av "
"begrepet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This doesn't mean that there are no questions raised by the latest piracy "
"peer-to-peer deling litt mer før vi fordømmer det til galgen med ansvar for "
"piratkopiering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For (1) like the original Hollywood, p2p sharing escapes an overly "
"bare utnytter en ny måte å distribuere innhold; men det er (3) i motsetning "
"til kabel-tv, ingen selger innholdet som er delt på p2p tjenester."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These differences distinguish p2p sharing from true piracy. They should push "
"å finne en måte å beskytte kunstnere samtidig som du gir denne deling til å "
"overleve."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Piracy II"
msgstr "piratkopiering ii"
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 Eng. Rep. "
"1274 (1777)."
-msgstr "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
+msgstr ""
+"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 Eng. Rep. "
+"1274 (1777)."
#. PAGE BREAK 80
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The key to the \"piracy\" that the law aims to quash is a use that \"rob[s] "
"the author of [his] profit.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This "
"alternative to assure the author of his profit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Christensen, Clayton M."
msgstr "Christensen, Clayton M."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
"reassemble eksisterende teknologi på oppfinnsomme måter. for en diskusjon av "
"Christensens idéer, kan du se lawrence lessig, fremtidige, 8992, 139."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Fanning, Shawn"
msgstr "Fanning, Shawn"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Peer-to-peer sharing was made famous by Napster. But the inventors of the "
"Napster technology had not made any major technological innovations. Like "
msgstr ""
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Carolyn Lochhead, \"Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood Nightmare,\" "
"våkne opp samtalen,\" økonom, 24 juni 2000, 23; John naughton, \"hollywood "
"krig med Internett\" (london) ganger, 26 juli 2002, 18."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The result was spontaneous combustion. Launched in July 1999, Napster "
"amassed over 10 million users within nine months. After eighteen months, "
msgstr ""
#. f7
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Ipsos-Insight, <citetitle>TEMPO: Keeping Pace with Online Music "
"digitale musikkfiler som er lagret på datamaskinene sine."
#. f8
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Amy Harmon, \"Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,\" "
"Amy harmon, \"industri tilbyr en gulrot i online musikk kamp,\" new york "
"times, 6. juni 2003 a1."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"According to a number of estimates, a huge proportion of Americans have "
"tasted file-sharing technology. A study by Ipsos-Insight in September 2002 "
"music in a way that they hadn't before."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some of this enjoying involves copyright infringement. Some of it does not. "
"og hva slags skade det innebærer."
#. PAGE BREAK 81
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"File sharers share different kinds of content. We can divide these different "
"kinds into four types."
"Fildelerne deler ulike typer innhold. Vi kan derel disse ulike typene inn i "
"fire typer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are some who use sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
"a: brukere som laster ned i stedet for å kjøpe."
#. B.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are some who use sharing networks to sample music before purchasing "
"av musikk som er kjøpt."
#. C.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are many who use sharing networks to get access to copyrighted content "
#. PAGE BREAK 82
#. D.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, there are many who use sharing networks to get access to content "
"innhold som ikke er opphavsrettslig beskyttet, eller at eieren av "
"opphavsretten ønsker å gi bort."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "How do these different types of sharing balance out?"
msgstr "Hvordan balanserer disse ulike delingstypene?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy,148–49. <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle>, "
"148–49. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy,148–49. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Se Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle>, "
+"148–49. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's start with some simple but important points. From the perspective of "
"the law, only type D sharing is clearly legal. From the perspective of "
"around the issue suggests."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Whether on balance sharing is harmful depends importantly on how harmful "
"\"tyveri\", som er \"ødeleggende\" industrien."
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Cap Gemini Ernst & Young, <citetitle>Technology Evolution and the "
"cit-422 (washington, DC: USA Government printing office, oktober 1989), 145"
"56."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"While the numbers do suggest that sharing is harmful, how harmful is harder "
"to reckon. It has long been the recording industry's practice to blame "
msgstr ""
#. f11
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "U.S. Congress, <citetitle>Copyright and Home Copying</citetitle>, 4."
msgstr "amerikanske Kongressen, copyright og hjem kopiering, 4."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yet soon thereafter, and before Congress was given an opportunity to enact "
"regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record turnaround. \"In "
"major labels.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But just because the industry was wrong before does not mean it is wrong "
"skadelig. spørsmålet er hvordan skadelige type er også en deling, og hvor "
"nyttig de andre typene deling er."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We start to answer this question by focusing on the net harm, from the "
"nettverk ville faktisk fordel musikk bedriftene på balanse. de ville derfor "
"ha liten statisk grunn til å motstå dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Could that be true? Could the industry as a whole be gaining because of file "
"Lukk."
#. f12
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Recording Industry Association of America, <citetitle>2002 Yearend "
"Statistics</citetitle>, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"dollar value of shipments).\""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Black, Jane"
msgstr "Black, Jane"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jane Black, \"Big Music's Broken Record,\" BusinessWeek online, 13 February "
"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #17</"
"2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#17</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In 2002, the RIAA reported that CD sales had fallen by 8.9 percent, from 882 "
"million to 803 million units; revenues fell 6.7 percent.<placeholder type="
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 84
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But let's assume the RIAA is right, and all of the decline in CD sales is "
"gratis. Således, selv om 2,6 ganger det totale antallet CDer som selges ble "
"lastet ned gratis, salgsinntekter falt med bare 6.7 prosent."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are too many different things happening at the same time to explain "
"gratis, og ennå inntekter fra salg falt med bare 6.7 prosent, er det en stor "
"forskjell mellom \"nedlasting av sanger og stjele en cd."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are the harms—alleged and perhaps exaggerated but, let's assume, "
"hva verdien produserer det i tillegg til disse kostnadene?"
#. f15
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"By one estimate, 75 percent of the music released by the major labels is no "
"longer in print. See Online Entertainment and Copyright Law—Coming "
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #18</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"One benefit is type C sharing—making available content that is "
"technically still under copyright but is no longer commercially available. "
msgstr ""
#. f16
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"While there are not good estimates of the number of used record stores in "
"existence, in 2002, there were 7,198 used book dealers in the United States, "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #20</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In real space—long before the Internet—the market had a simple "
"response to this problem: used book and record stores. There are thousands "
"don't have to pay the copyright owner for the content they sell."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bernstein, Leonard"
msgstr "Bernstein, Leonard"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Type C sharing, then, is very much like used book stores or used record "
"klassen av innhold som ikke er kommersielt tilgjengelig. Internett gjør det "
"tilgjengelig, gjennom felles deling, uten konkurrerer med markedet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It may well be, all things considered, that it would be better if the "
"stoppes, tror du at biblioteker og brukte bokhandlere bør være stengt også?"
#. PAGE BREAK 86
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, and perhaps most importantly, file-sharing networks enable type D "
"sitt arbeid til å bli spredt, er både han og samfunnet bedre. (faktisk, mye "
"bedre av: det er en stor bok!)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Likewise for work in the public domain: This sharing benefits society with "
"løse problemet med skriver du inn en deling ødelegge muligheten for typen d "
"deling, så vi mister noe viktig for å beskytte type en innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point throughout is this: While the recording industry understandably "
"fildeling? Hva er effektiviteten? Hva er innholdet som ellers ville være "
"utilgjengelig?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "
"of the \"piracy\" that file sharing enables is plainly legal and good. And "
-"like the piracy I described in chapter 4, much of this piracy is motivated "
-"by a new way of spreading content caused by changes in the technology of "
-"distribution. Thus, consistent with the tradition that gave us Hollywood, "
-"radio, the recording industry, and cable TV, the question we should be "
-"asking about file sharing is how best to preserve its benefits while "
-"minimizing (to the extent possible) the wrongful harm it causes artists. The "
-"question is one of balance. The law should seek that balance, and that "
-"balance will be found only with time."
+"like the piracy I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber"
+"\" linkend=\"pirates\"/>, much of this piracy is motivated by a new way of "
+"spreading content caused by changes in the technology of distribution. Thus, "
+"consistent with the tradition that gave us Hollywood, radio, the recording "
+"industry, and cable TV, the question we should be asking about file sharing "
+"is how best to preserve its benefits while minimizing (to the extent "
+"possible) the wrongful harm it causes artists. The question is one of "
+"balance. The law should seek that balance, and that balance will be found "
+"only with time."
msgstr ""
"for i motsetning til piratkopiering jeg beskrevet i den første delen av "
"dette kapitlet, er mye av \"piratkopiering\" det arkiv deler aktiverer "
"kunstnere. spørsmålet er en av balanse. loven bør søke denne balansen, og "
"denne balansen blir funnet bare med tid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"\"But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the target "
"just what you call type A sharing?\""
"bare det du kaller type A-deling?"
#. f17
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Transcript of Proceedings, In Re: Napster Copyright Litigation at 34- 35 "
"(N.D. Cal., 11 July 2001), nos. MDL-00-1369 MHP, C 99-5183 MHP, available at "
"citetitle> (New York: Crown Business, 2003), 269–82."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"You would think. And we should hope. But so far, it is not. The effect of "
"the war purportedly on type A sharing alone has been felt far beyond that "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If 99.4 percent is not good enough, then this is a war on file-sharing "
"den helt lovlig og fordelaktig bruker de tjener bare for å sikre at det er "
"null opphavsrett infringements forårsaket av p2p."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Zero tolerance has not been our history. It has not produced the content "
"sikre legitime rettighetene til skapere samtidig beskytte innovasjon. noen "
"ganger har dette betydde mer rettigheter for skapere. noen ganger mindre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So, as we've seen, when \"mechanical reproduction\" threatened the interests "
"blir respektert (siden radiostasjonen ikke har å betale dem for kreativitet "
"det kringkaste), Kongressen avvist deres krav. en indirekte fordel var nok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Cable TV followed the pattern of record albums. When the courts rejected the "
"lenge de betalte lovbestemte pris."
#. PAGE BREAK 88
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This compromise, like the compromise affecting records and player pianos, "
"Dermed Kongressen valgte en bane som ville forsikre kompensasjon uten å gi "
"siste (broadcasters) kontroll over fremtiden (kabel)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Betamax"
msgstr "Betamax"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the same year that Congress struck this balance, two major producers and "
"universal hevdet, være delvis ansvarlig for at krenkelse."
#. PAGE BREAK 89
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There was something to Disney's and Universal's claim. Sony did decide to "
"universal ønsket å holde den ansvarlig for arkitektur som er valgt."
#. f18
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders): Hearing on S. 1758 "
"america, inc.)."
#. f19
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 475."
msgstr "opphavsrett infringements (lyd og video-opptakere), 475."
#. f20
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony Corp. "
"429, (klientadgangslisens CAL (CD), 1979)."
#. f21
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 485 (testimony of Jack "
"opphavsrett infringements (lyd og video-opptakere), 485 (vitnesbyrd om jack "
"valenti)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"MPAA president Jack Valenti became the studios' most vocal champion. Valenti "
"called VCRs \"tapeworms.\" He warned, \"When there are 20, 30, 40 million of "
msgstr ""
#. f22
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony Corp. "
"Universal city studios, inc. v. sony Corporation of america, 659 f. 2d 963 "
"(9 cir. 1981)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"It took eight years for this case to be resolved by the Supreme Court. In "
"the interim, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes Hollywood in "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 90
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Ninth Circuit. And in "
"intervenere i slike konflikter. som domstol skrev,"
#. f23
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
"Sony Corporation of america v. universal city studios, inc., 464 amerikanske "
"417, 431 (1984)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Sound policy, as well as history, supports our consistent deference to "
"Congress when major technological innovations alter the market for "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Congress was asked to respond to the Supreme Court's decision. But as with "
"Kongressen var overbevist om at amerikanske film fikk nok, denne \"tar\" til "
"tross for. Hvis vi setter disse tilfellene sammen, et mønster er klart:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "Table"
msgstr "Tabell"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "CASE"
msgstr "tilfelle"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS \"PIRATED\""
msgstr "verdien var \"piratkopiert\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
msgstr "Svar til domstolene"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "RESPONSE OF CONGRESS"
msgstr "Responsen til Kongressen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Recordings"
msgstr "Innspillinger"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Composers"
msgstr "Komponister"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "No protection"
msgstr "Ingen beskyttelse"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Statutory license"
msgstr "lovbestemte lisens"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Recording artists"
msgstr "Innspillingsartister"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "N/A"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Nothing"
msgstr "Ingenting"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Broadcasters"
msgstr "Kringkastere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "VCR"
msgstr "Videoopptakere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Film creators"
msgstr "Filmskapere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are the most important instances in our history, but there are other "
"datovelger, \"fra edison til flagget kringkasting,\" university of chicago "
"lov gjennomgå 70 (2003): 29396."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In each case throughout our history, a new technology changed the way "
"content was distributed.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In each "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 91
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these cases did either the courts or "
"Kongressen tillatt noen ny teknologi for å dra nytte av innhold gjort før. "
"det balansert interesser på spill."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you think across these examples, and the other examples that make up "
"registrere en sang?"
#. f25
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
"Sony Corporation of america v. universal city studios, inc., 464 amerikanske "
"417, (1984)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"We could answer yes to each of these questions, but our tradition has "
"answered no. In our tradition, as the Supreme Court has stated, copyright "
"of technologies that facilitate the distribution of content."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We should be doing the same thing today. The technology of the Internet is "
"at innovasjon fortsette."
#. f26
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"John Schwartz, \"New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software Echoes "
"John schwartz, \"nye økonomien: angrepet på node-til-node-programvare "
"reflekterer forbi innsats,\" new york times, 22 september 2003, c3."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is especially true when a new technology enables a vastly superior mode "
"of distribution. And this p2p has done. P2p technologies can be ideally "
"whether the car thief had a good use for the car before we arrest him?\""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,\" the warriors insist. \"And it "
"\"det er vår eiendom,\" insisterer warriors. \"og det bør være beskyttet på "
"samme måte som en annen egenskap er beskyttet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "\"PROPERTY\""
msgstr "\"Eiendom\""
#. PAGE BREAK 94
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The copyright warriors are right: A copyright is a kind of property. It can "
"opphavsretten til å holde for noen pris som han ønsker. markeder regner "
"tilbud og etterspørsel som delvis bestemmer prisen hun kan få."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a \"property\" right is a bit "
"det jeg tar deretter?"
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson (13 August 1813) in "
"thomas jefferson, vol. 6 (andrew a. lipscomb og albert ellery bergh, Red., "
"1903), 330, 33334."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The point is not just about the thingness of picnic tables versus ideas, "
"though that's an important difference. The point instead is that in the "
"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The exceptions to free use are ideas and expressions within the reach of the "
"blir immaterielle eiendom."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As the legal realists taught American law, all property rights are "
"se adam mossoff, \"Hva er egenskapen? å sette dem tilbake sammen,\"-arizona "
"lov, se 45 (2003): 373, 429 n. 241."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But how, and to what extent, and in what form—the details, in other "
"words—matter. To get a good sense of how this practice of turning the "
"proper context.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My strategy in doing this will be the same as my strategy in the preceding "
"implikasjoner vil bli avslørt som ganske forskjellig fra implikasjonene at "
"opphavsrett krigere ville ha oss til å tegne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER SIX: Founders"
msgstr "Kapittel seks: Grunnleggerne"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"William Shakespeare wrote <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. "
"The play was first published in 1597. It was the eleventh major play that "
"full av klisjeer.\""
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with prominent "
"eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and for his "
"<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424-31."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</"
"citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), 151–52."
"citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), 151–52."
#. PAGE BREAK 97
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
"written, the \"copy-right\" for the work was still thought by many to be the "
"disse bøkene. Slik ble prisen på klassiske bøker holdt oppe; alle "
"konkurrenter som lagde bedre eller billigere utgaver, ble fjernet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely argues, it is erroneous to call this a "
"\"copyright law.\" See Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
"en \"opphavsrettslov.\" Se Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
"Copywrongs</citetitle>, 40. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
"little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
"loven, så skulle <citetitle>Rome og Julie</citetitle> ha falt i det fri i "
"1731. Hvordan kunne da Tonson fortsatt ha kontroll over verket i 1774?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Licensing Act (1662)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a \"copyright\" "
"was—indeed, no one had. At the time the English passed the Statute of "
"law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as a way to make it easier "
"for the Crown to control what was published. But after it expired, there "
"was no positive law that said that the publishers, or \"Stationers,\" had an "
-"exclusive right to print books."
+"exclusive right to print books. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Årsaken var ganske enkelt at engelskmennene ikke hadde bestemt hva "
+"Årsaken var ganske enkelt at engelskmennene ennå ikke hadde bestemt hva "
"opphavsrett innebar -- faktisk hadde ingen i verden det. På den tiden da "
"engelskmennene vedtok \"Statute of Anne\", var det ingen annen lovgivning om "
"opphavsrett. Den siste loven som regulerte utgivere var lisensieringsloven "
"av 1662, utløpt i 1695. At loven ga utgiverne monopol over publiseringen, "
"noe som gjorde det enklere for kronen å kontrollere hva ble publisert. Men "
"etter at det har utløpt, var det ingen positiv lov som sa at utgiverne hadde "
-"en eksklusiv rett til å trykke bøker."
+"en eksklusiv rett til å trykke bøker. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
"there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
"opphavsretten, uavhengig av lovverket positiv."
#. PAGE BREAK 98
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This question was important to the publishers, or \"booksellers,\" as they "
"were called, because there was growing competition from foreign publishers. "
"eksklusiv kontroll over publisering. Dette kravet resulterte i \"Statute of "
"Anne\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The Statute of Anne granted the author or \"proprietor\" of a book an "
"exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, however, and "
"dette gikk trykkeretten bort og verket falt i det fri og kunne trykkes av "
"hvem som helst. Det var ihvertfall det lovgiverne hadde tenkt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Now, the thing to puzzle about for a moment is this: Why would Parliament "
"limit the exclusive right? Not why would they limit it to the particular "
"trykkeretten? Sprøsmålet er ikke hvorfor de bestemte seg for denne perioden, "
"men hvorfor ville de begrense retten <emphasis>i det hele tatt?</emphasis>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "
"strong claim. Take <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> as an example: "
"Shakespeares verkuten hans, eller hans arvingers, tillatelse? Hvilke grunner "
"finnes for å tillate at noen \"stjeler\" Shakespeares verk?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "
"the notion of \"copyright\" that existed at the time of the Statute of Anne. "
"Deretter må vi se på noe spesielt med bokhandlerne."
#. PAGE BREAK 99
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
"apply the concept of \"copyright\" ever more broadly. But in 1710, it wasn't "
"kopiere, eksklusiv rett til å distribuere, eksklusiv rett til å fremføre, og "
"så videre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
"perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the term "
"lov til å lage filmer. \"Kopi-retten\" var bare en eksklusiv rett til å "
"trykke--ikke noe mindre, selvfølgelig, men heller ikke mer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British. They had "
"had a long and ugly experience with \"exclusive rights,\" especially "
"oppfinnelser. Og i 1710 var parlamentet ivrig etter å håndtere det voksende "
"monopolet på publisering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Thus the \"copy-right,\" when viewed as a monopoly right, was naturally "
"viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the claim that "
"skadene særinteresserte kunne skape; de vedtok en lov for å stoppe dem."
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Philip Wittenberg, <citetitle>The Protection and Marketing of Literary "
"Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
"Philip Wittenberg, <citetitle>The Protection and Marketing of Literary "
"Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a monopoly. "
"It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers. Booksellers "
"derfor ikke hadde et ærlig arbeide hvor utdanning er nødvendig."
"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Many believed the power the booksellers exercised over the spread of "
"knowledge was harming that spread, just at the time the Enlightenment was "
"kunnskap burde være gratis er et kjennetegn for tiden, og disse kraftige "
"kommersielle interesser forstyrret denne idéen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"To balance this power, Parliament decided to increase competition among "
"booksellers, and the simplest way to do that was to spread the wealth of "
"Begrensninger med dato var en indirekte måte å skape konkurranse mellom "
"utgivere, og slik en skapelse og spredning av kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When 1731 (1710 + 21) came along, however, the booksellers were getting "
"anxious. They saw the consequences of more competition, and like every "
"1737 de prøvde å tvinge Parlamentet til å utvide periodene. Tjueen år var "
"ikke nok, sa de; de trengte mer tid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Parliament rejected their requests. As one pamphleteer put it, in words that "
"echo today,"
"idag,"
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the Bill now depending in the "
"House of Commons, for making more effectual an Act in the Eighth Year of the "
"<citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) (No. 01-618)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"I see no Reason for granting a further Term now, which will not hold as well "
"for granting it again and again, as often as the Old ones Expire; so that "
"forfatterne, men en stor avgift for folket; og alt dette kun for å øke "
"bokhandlernes personlige rikdom.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a series "
"of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of Anne gave "
"publiseringen av en bok, selv følgelig om \"Statute of Anne\" sa at de var "
"falt i det fri. Dette, mente de, var den eneste måten å beskytte forfatterne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" "
"<citetitle>Vanderbilt Law Review</citetitle> 40 (1987): 28. For a "
"fantastisk overbevisende fortelling, se Vaidhyanathan, 37–48. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
"leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah. Until "
"Deres bekymring var den monopolske inntekten forfatterens verk ga."
#. f7
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"For a compelling account, see David Saunders, <citetitle>Authorship and "
"Copyright</citetitle> (London: Routledge, 1992), 62–69."
"For a compelling account, see David Saunders, <citetitle>Authorship and "
"Copyright</citetitle> (London: Routledge, 1992), 62–69."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The booksellers' argument was not accepted without a fight. The hero of "
"this fight was a Scottish bookseller named Alexander Donaldson.<placeholder "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f8
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Mark Rose, <citetitle>Authors and Owners</citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard "
"University Press, 1993), 92."
"University Press, 1993), 92."
#. f9
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Ibid., 93."
msgstr "Ibid., 93."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Erskine, Andrew"
msgstr "Erskine, Andrew"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
"Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints \"of "
"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</"
"citetitle>, 167 (quoting Borwell)."
"Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</"
"citetitle>, 167 (quoting Borwell)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
"he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "
"konkurransen på at bøkene, takket være \"Statute of Anne\", var falt i det "
"fri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block \"piracy\" like "
"Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the \"pirates,\" "
"mellom <citetitle>Millar</citetitle> og <citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
#. f11
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Howard B. Abrams, \"The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" <citetitle>Wayne Law Review</"
"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" <citetitle>Wayne Law Review</"
"citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
"Thomson's poem \"The Seasons.\" Millar complied with the requirements of the "
"han hadde en evig rett gjennom sedvaneretten, uansett hva \"Statute of Anne"
"\" sa.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
"history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
"publiseringsrett til bøker solgt til dem."
#. PAGE BREAK 103
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Considered as a matter of abstract justice—reasoning as if justice "
"were just a matter of logical deduction from first principles—"
"rimelig tid. Storbritannia skulle vokse fra den kontrollerte kulturen under "
"kronen, inn i en fri og åpen kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
"however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
"Kampen for å forsvare \"Statute of Anne\"s begrensninger sluttet uansett "
"ikke der, for nå kommer Donaldson."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Beckett, Thomas"
msgstr "Beckett, Thomas"
#. f12
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Ibid., 1156."
msgstr "Ibid., 1156."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Millar died soon after his victory, so his case was not appealed. His estate "
"sold Thomson's poems to a syndicate of printers that included Thomas Beckett."
"dette organet muligheten til å tolke Parlamentets mening med utøpsdatoen fra "
"seksti år før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"As few legal cases ever do, <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> v. "
"<citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> drew an enormous amount of attention "
"for trykkerett kom derfra. Og derfor, mente de, i tråd med vilkårene i "
"\"Statute of Anne\", falle i det fri så fort beskyttelsesperioden var over."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "
"the House and voted upon first by the \"law lords,\" members of special "
"Overhuset."
#. PAGE BREAK 104
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The reports about the law lords' votes are mixed. On some counts, it looks "
"as if perpetual copyright prevailed. But there is no ambiguity about how the "
"hadde tolket sedvaneretten, var nå kopiretten begrenset til en periode, og "
"etter denne ville verket falle i det fri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bacon, Francis"
msgstr "Bacon, Francis"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bunyan, John"
msgstr "Bunyan, John"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Johnson, Samuel"
msgstr "Johnson, Samuel"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Milton, John"
msgstr "Milton, John"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Shakespeare, William"
msgstr "Shakespeare, William"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"\"The public domain.\" Before the case of <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> "
"v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there was no clear idea of a public "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
#. f13
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Rose, 97."
msgstr "Rose, 97."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
"an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "
"Edinburgh etter seieren over litterær eiendom: bål og *illuminations*."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In London, however, at least among publishers, the reaction was equally "
"strong in the opposite direction. The <citetitle>Morning Chronicle</"
"I London, ihvertfall blant utgiverne, var reaksjonen like sterk, men i "
"motsatt retning. <citetitle>Morning Chronicle</citetitle> skrev:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"By the above decision . . . near 200,000 pounds worth of what was honestly "
"purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property is now "
"id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 105
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"\"Ruined\" is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an exaggeration to say "
"that the change was profound. The decision of the House of Lords meant that "
"skulle være tilgjengelig for folket og hvor deres tilgang til den ble styrt "
"av noen få, på tros av flertallets ønsker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"At least, this was the rule in a world where the Parliament is antimonopoly, "
"resistant to the protectionist pleas of publishers. In a world where the "
"holdt stand mot utgivernes krav. I en verden hvor parlamentet er lett å "
"påvirke, vil den frie kultur være mindre beskyttet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER SEVEN: Recorders"
msgstr "Kapittel sju: Innspillerne"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jon Else is a filmmaker. He is best known for his documentaries and has been "
"ham. (jeg møtte, ved et uhell, to av hans studenter ved et middagsselskap. "
"Han var deres Gud)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Else worked on a documentary that I was involved in. At a break, he told me "
"Ellers arbeidet på en dokumentar som jeg var involvert i. på en pause, han "
"fortalte meg en historie om frihet å opprette med film i Amerika i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "San Francisco Opera"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1990, Else was working on a documentary about Wagner's Ring Cycle. The "
"scenen."
#. PAGE BREAK 107
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
"simpsons. som andre dømt det denne touch tegneserie hjalp fangst smaken av "
"det som var spesielt med scenen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
"eieren av opphavsretten, med mindre \"fair use\" eller noen andre "
"privilegium gjelder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Gracie Films"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Else called <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> creator Matt Groening's office "
"for å ha det i filmen, men han fortalt annet for å kontakte gracie films, "
"firmaet som lager programmet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted to be "
"filmen. Matt groening hadde allerede gitt tillatelse, andre sier. Han var "
"bare bekrefte tillatelsen med fox."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Then, as Else told me, \"two things happened. First we discovered . . . that "
"bruke denne fire-punkt-fem sekunder... helt uønsket simpsons som var i "
"hjørnet av skutt.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
"kalles på nytt for å bekrefte hva han hadde blitt fortalt."
#. PAGE BREAK 108
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,\" he told me. \"Yes, you "
"siterer meg, vil jeg slå deg til våre advokater.\" som assistent for herrera "
"fortalte andre senere, \"de ikke gir faen. de vil bare penger.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Day After Trinity, The"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
"filmen var å bli befridd, erstattet ellers digitalt skutt med et utklipp fra "
"en annen film som han hadde jobbet på, dagen etter trinity, fra ti år før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "
"måten. og i et fritt marked, det er eieren av opphavsretten hvem som kan "
"angi pris for bruk som loven sier eieren får kontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For example, \"public performance\" is a use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</"
"loven."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For an excellent argument that such use is \"fair use,\" but that lawyers "
"reform i kjølvannet av eldred\" (utkast på filen med forfatteren), "
"university of chicago law school, 5 august 2003."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
"is \"fair use.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's use of just "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 109
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon \"fair use.\" Here's his reply:"
"så jeg spurte er hvorfor han ikke bare stole på \"rettferdig bruk.\" her "
"annet hans svar:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
"noen konkret måte. Her er hvorfor:"
#. 1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
"dim visning av \"fair use\", og et krav om \"fair use\" kan slipe "
"søknadsprosessen til å stoppe."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Lucas, George"
msgstr "Lucas, George"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But I "
#. 3.
#. PAGE BREAK 110
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law "
"dem."
#. 4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
"spørsmålet om rettferdig bruk kommer vanligvis på slutten av prosjektet, når "
"vi er opp mot en release frist og tom for penger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In theory, fair use means you need no permission. The theory therefore "
"rettferdig bruk for mange typer skaperne er liten. loven har høyre mål; "
"praksis har beseiret målet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This practice shows just how far the law has come from its eighteenth-"
"urettferdig konkurranse av en pirat. Det har modnet til et sverd som "
"forstyrrer bruke transformative eller ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER EIGHT: Transformers"
msgstr "Kapittel åtte: Omformere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Allen, Paul"
msgstr "Allen, Paul"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Alben, Alex"
msgstr "Alben, Alex"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1993, Alex Alben was a lawyer working at Starwave, Inc. Starwave was an "
"investere i ny teknologi for å levere underholdning i påvente av the power "
"of networks."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alben had a special interest in new technology. He was intrigued by the "
"eastwood. idéen var å presentere alt arbeidet av eastwood, med klipp fra "
"hans filmer og intervjuer med tallene viktig til sin karriere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At that time, Eastwood had made more than fifty films, as an actor and as a "
"inkludere dem på CD-ROMen."
#. PAGE BREAK 112
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That alone would not have made a very interesting product, so Starwave "
"sin karriere ble brukt på warner brothers, og så var det relativt lett å få "
"tillatelse for innholdet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. \"Our goal was "
"gjøre dette i sammenheng med en kunstnerisk titt på en skuespiller-karriere."
"\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alben brought the idea to Michael Slade, the CEO of Starwave. Slade asked, "
"Alben brakt idéen til michael slade, ceo i starwave. Slade som ble spurt, "
"\"Vel, hva vil det ta?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "artists"
msgstr "artister"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
msgid "publicity rights on images of"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Technically, the rights that Alben had to clear were mainly those of "
"mikse, brenne\" kreativitet, som evinces i dette kapitlet. <placeholder "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Alben replied, \"Well, we're going to have to clear rights from everyone who "
"appears in these films, and the music and everything else that we want to "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The problem was that neither Alben nor Slade had any idea what clearing "
"skuespillerne, så det var ingen klar måte å vite akkurat hva starwave var å "
"gjøre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I asked Alben how he dealt with the problem. With an obvious pride in his "
"hans resourcefulness som skjult åpenbare bizarreness av hans tale, recounted "
"alben bare hva de gjorde:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So we very mechanically went about looking up the film clips. We made some "
"sin tillatelse. og deretter må du bestemme hva du skal betale ham."
#. PAGE BREAK 113
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We decided that it would be fair if we offered them the dayplayer rate for "
"stuntman? og så begynte vi bare, vi satt sammen et team, min assistent og "
"noen andre, og vi bare ringe personer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some actors were glad to help—Donald Sutherland, for example, followed "
"hans hadde klarert rettighetene til denne retrospektiv CD-ROMen på clint "
"eastwood karriere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was one <emphasis>year</emphasis> later—\"and even then we weren't "
"Det var ett år senere, \"og selv da vi var ikke sikker på om vi var helt i "
"klartekst.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alben is proud of his work. The project was the first of its kind and the "
"eneste gangen han visste av som et lag hadde påtatt seg et kjempestort "
"prosjekt for å slippe en retrospektiv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Everyone thought it would be too hard. Everyone just threw up their hands "
"vi bare gikk på den svært systematisk og fjernet rettighetene."
#. PAGE BREAK 114
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And no doubt, the product itself was exceptionally good. Eastwood loved it, "
"og ingen tvil, selve produktet var usedvanlig god. Eastwood elsket det, og "
"det selges godt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Drucker, Peter"
msgstr "Drucker, Peter"
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Acquisition Management, "
"<citetitle>Seven Steps to Performance-Based Services Acquisition</"
"#22</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But I pressed Alben about how weird it seems that it would have to take a "
"year's work simply to clear rights. No doubt Alben had done this "
"Alben, that this is the way a new work has to be made?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For, as he acknowledged, \"very few . . . have the time and resources, and "
"var noensinne å gi rettigheter for opprinnelig, som du må gå klart "
"rettigheter for disse typer utklipp?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I don't think so. When an actor renders a performance in a movie, he or she "
"prestasjonen brukes i et nytt produkt som er en retrospektiv av en persons "
"karriere, jeg tror ikke at vedkommende... skal kompenseres for som."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Or at least, is this <emphasis>how</emphasis> the artist should be "
"prosessen kan gjøres for å være mer ren?"
#. PAGE BREAK 115
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Absolutely. I think that if there were some fair-licensing mechanism—"
"visst antall mennesker kommer til å holde meg opp for penger\", og det blir "
"vanskeligere å sette en av disse tingene sammen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alben worked for a big company. His company was backed by some of the "
"bør se på rettighetene og spør, \"betyr dette fortsatt fornuftig?\""
#. PAGE BREAK 116
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I've seen the flash of recognition when people get this point, but only a "
"firmaet, introdusert i panelet med en video som han og en venn, robert "
"fairbank, hadde produsert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The video was a brilliant collage of film from every period in the twentieth "
"century, all framed around the idea of a <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> "
"<citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle>. Utførelsen var perfekt, ned til seksti "
"minutter stoppeklokken. Dommerne elsket enhver minutt av den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Nimmer, David"
msgstr "Nimmer, David"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
"perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
"tale med et spørsmål: \"Vet dere hvor mange føderale lover som nettopp brutt "
"i dette rommet?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Boies, David"
msgstr "Boies, David"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For of course, the two brilliantly talented creators who made this film "
"teknologien. teknologi betyr at du kan nå gjøre fantastiske ting enkelt; men "
"du ikke kunne enkelt gjøre dem lovlig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We live in a \"cut and paste\" culture enabled by technology. Anyone "
"omtrent alle bildet du ønsker; i en annen andre, kan du ha det plantet i "
"presentasjonen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Camp Chaos"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But presentations are just a tiny beginning. Using the Internet and its "
"kritikken av rullebladet industri som det er gjennom blanding av flash! og "
"musikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators wanted "
"aktuelle delen er gjort, hvis det ikke følger reglene for klaring, det ikke "
"komme ut."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To some, these stories suggest a solution: Let's alter the mix of rights so "
"ville ikke ha nytte av en full immaterielle rettigheter (som betyr retten "
"til å gi navn til sin egen pris) med mindre han registrerer arbeidet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Who could possibly object to this? And what reason would there be for "
"ville alle ha til å motsette seg det?"
#. PAGE BREAK 118
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In February 2003, DreamWorks studios announced an agreement with Mike Myers, "
"og—med bruk av stateof-the-art digital teknologi—sett myers og "
"andre aktører i filmen, og dermed skape et helt nytt stykke underholdning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The announcement called this \"film sampling.\" As Myers explained, \"Film "
"sier,\"Hvis noen kan opprette en måte å bringe gamle filmer til nye "
"målgrupper, det er mike\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Spielberg is right. Film sampling by Myers will be brilliant. But if you "
"sammenhenger antatt for oss alle, er nå et privilegium reservert for morsomt "
"og berømte— og antagelig rik."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This privilege becomes reserved for two sorts of reasons. The first "
"prosessen er en prosess med å betale advokater—igjen en rettighet, "
"eller kanskje en forbannelse, forbeholdt få."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER NINE: Collectors"
msgstr "Kapittel ni: Samlere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In April 1996, millions of \"bots\"—computer codes designed to "
"igjen. igjen og igjen, en gang enhver to måneder, disse biter av koden tok "
"kopier av Internett og lagret dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By October 2001, the bots had collected more than five years of copies. And "
"kalles \"vei tilbake maskinen\", kan du angi en web-side, og se alle dens "
"Kopier gå tilbake til 1996, og når disse sidene endres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the thing about the Internet that Orwell would have appreciated. In "
"forrige nyhetsrapporter."
#. PAGE BREAK 120
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thousands of workers constantly reedited the past, meaning there was no way "
"ingen måte noen gang å vite om historien du lese i dag var historie som ble "
"skrevet ut på dato publisert på papiret."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It's the same with the Internet. If you go to a Web page today, there's no "
"pålitelig minne."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the White House "
"endret, uten varsel, \"store stridende operasjoner i Irak er avsluttet.\" e-"
"post fra brewster kahle, 1 desember 2003."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Until the Way Back Machine, at least. With the Way Back Machine, and the "
"Internet Archive underlying it, you can see what the Internet was. You have "
"forget.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We take it for granted that we can go back to see what we remember reading. "
"huske—ikke bare hva det er praktisk å huske, men husker noe nær "
"sannheten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is said that those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it. "
"fritt samfunn forutsetter dette knowedge."
#. PAGE BREAK 121
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Internet was an exception to this presumption. Until the Internet "
"vi har scads av arkiver av aviser fra bittesmå byer rundt om i verden, men "
"det er én kopi av Internett—det ettall holdt av internet archive."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Brewster Kahle is the founder of the Internet Archive. He was a very "
"2002, arkivet hadde over 10 milliarder sider, og det ble vokser om en "
"milliard sider per måned."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in human "
"[arkivene], men hvis du er bare en utdannet student?\" som kahle sa,"
#. PAGE BREAK 122
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Do you remember when Dan Quayle was interacting with Murphy Brown? Remember "
"episoden som kom ut etter det... det ville være nesten umulig.... disse "
"materialene er nesten unfindable...."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why is that? Why is it that the part of our culture that is recorded in "
"enklere tid enn forskere prøver å forstå virkningen av media på 1900-tallet "
"Amerika?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In part, this is because of the law. Early in American copyright law, "
"at andre kan få tilgang til og kopiere arbeidet."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Doug Herrick, \"Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at the "
"lysbildet, nitrat vil ikke vente: en historie om filmen bevaring i USA "
"(jefferson, NC: mcfarland & Co, 1992), 36."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These rules applied to film as well. But in 1915, the Library of Congress "
"made an exception for film. Film could be copyrighted so long as such "
"company.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same is generally true about television. Television broadcasts were "
"kulturen er praktisk talt usynlige for alle som ville se."
#. PAGE BREAK 123
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Kahle was eager to correct this. Before September 11, 2001, he and his "
"on-line. alle kunne se hvordan nyhetsrapporter fra rundt om i verden dekkes "
"hendelsene den dagen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Movie Archive"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Kahle had the same idea with film. Working with Rick Prelinger, whose "
"angrep? gå til archive.org, og du kan laste ned filmen i noen minutter—"
"gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here again, Kahle is providing access to a part of our culture that we "
"ikke disse kopiene skal holdes av alle, eller for å bli satt i et arkiv av "
"alle. derfor finnes det ingen enkel måte å finne dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The key here is access, not price. Kahle wants to enable free access to this "
"kommersiell liv."
#. PAGE BREAK 124
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For here is an idea that we should more clearly recognize. Every bit of "
"levetid ekstremt viktig. uten denne reklamen marked, ville det være, mange "
"hevder, mye mindre kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After the commercial life of creative property has ended, our tradition has "
"informere selv om denne informasjonen ikke lenger er solgt."
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Dave Barns, \"Fledgling Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar "
"i tid med digitale nettverk,\" boston college lov gå gjennom 44 (2003): 593 "
"n. 51."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The same has always been true about books. A book goes out of print very "
"quickly (the average today is after about a year<placeholder type=\"footnote"
"the spread and stability of culture."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet increasingly, any assumption about a stable second life for creative "
"annet enn hva en viss begrenset marked krav. utover det forsvinner kultur."
#. PAGE BREAK 125
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For most of the twentieth century, it was economics that made this so. It "
"impossibly vanskelig å gjøre noe med denne flyktige kultur; loven hadde lite "
"praktiske effekten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Perhaps the single most important feature of the digital revolution is that "
"bøker som er utgitt og stadig mer gjør det mulig å forestille seg et arkiv "
"over alle bevegelige bilder og lyd."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The scale of this potential archive is something we've never imagined "
"brewster kahles i vår historie har drømt om det; men vi er for første gang "
"ved et punkt der det er mulig at drømmen. som kahle beskriver,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It looks like there's about two to three million recordings of music. Ever. "
"alexandria."
#. PAGE BREAK 126
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Kahle is not the only librarian. The Internet Archive is not the only "
"vår fortid—en fremtid for vår fortid. teknologi for digital arts kan "
"gjøre drømmen om biblioteket i alexandria virkelig igjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Technologists have thus removed the economic costs of building such an "
"noens \"egenskapen.\" og loven om egenskapen begrenser friheter som kahle, "
"og andre vil utøve."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER TEN: \"Property\""
msgstr "Kapittel ti: \"Eiendom\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
msgstr "Johnson, Lyndon"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jack Valenti has been the president of the Motion Picture Association of "
"bakgrunnen. i hans nesten førti år kjører mpaa, har valenti etablert seg som "
"kanskje mest iøynefallende og effektiv korridorpolitiker i washington."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Disney, Inc."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Sony Pictures Entertainment"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "MGM"
msgstr "MGM"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Paramount Pictures"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Twentieth Century Fox"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Universal Pictures"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Warner Brothers"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The MPAA is the American branch of the international Motion Picture "
"paramount bilder, 20th century fox, universal studios og warner brothers."
#. PAGE BREAK 128
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Valenti is only the third president of the MPAA. No president before him has "
"verdenskrig, er ingen mr. smith. Når valenti gikk til washington, han "
"mestret byen i en typiske washingtonian måte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In defending artistic liberty and the freedom of speech that our culture "
"er organisasjonens-innsats, epitomized i valenti's hver handling, til å "
"redefinere betydningen av \"kreative property.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1982, Valenti's testimony to Congress captured the strategy perfectly:"
"i 1982 innspilt valenti's vitnesbyrd til Kongressen strategien perfekt:"
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Home Recording of Copyrighted Works: Hearings on H.R. 4783, H.R. 4794, H.R. "
"rettsvesenet av house of representatives, 97th cong., 2nd sess. (1982): 65 "
"(vitnesbyrd om jack valenti)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"No matter the lengthy arguments made, no matter the charges and the counter-"
"charges, no matter the tumult and the shouting, reasonable men and women "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 129
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The strategy of this rhetoric, like the strategy of most of Valenti's "
"bolig i nasjonen.\" det er ingen andre klasses borgere, valenti kanskje har "
"fortsatt. Det bør være ingen annenklasses bolig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This claim has an obvious and powerful intuitive pull. It is stated with "
"har sakte redefinert denne tradisjonen, minst i washington."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Lawyers speak of \"property\" not as an absolute thing, but as a bundle of "
"bruce ackerman, privat eiendom og grunnloven (new haven: yale university "
"press, 1977), 2627."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"While \"creative property\" is certainly \"property\" in a nerdy and precise "
"sense that lawyers are trained to understand,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"radical, and radically undesirable, change in our tradition."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Valenti knows this. But he speaks for an industry that cares squat for our "
"kraftig kontroll over hvordan vår kreative kultur ville utvikle."
#. PAGE BREAK 130
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I have two purposes in this chapter. The first is to convince you that, "
"kreativitet, avhenger av eierne av kreativitet som har mindre enn perfekt "
"kontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Organizations such as the MPAA, whose board includes the most powerful of "
"et snev at det er noe fundamentalt galt i valenti's-argumentet, må vi se "
"lenger enn USA Grunnloven selv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The framers of our Constitution loved \"property.\" Indeed, so strongly did "
"mindre regjeringen betaler for privilegiet."
#. PAGE BREAK 131
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet the very same Constitution speaks very differently about what Valenti "
"land krever at du mister din \"kreative eiendom\" rett uten noen "
"kompensasjon overhodet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Constitution thus on its face states that these two forms of property "
"eiendomsrett eier. Han er effektivt kranglet for en endring i våre "
"Grunnloven selv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Arguing for a change in our Constitution is not necessarily wrong. There "
"andre som vi bør avvise også. så mitt argument ikke er bare at fordi "
"jefferson gjorde det, vi bør, også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Instead, my argument is that because Jefferson did it, we should at least "
"som alle andre eiendom? Hvorfor de krever at for kreative egenskapen det må "
"være et frivare?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To answer this question, we need to get some perspective on the history of "
"kontrollere hvordan kultur utvikler seg."
#. PAGE BREAK 132
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To answer these questions, we need a more general way to talk about how "
"støtte eller svekke høyre eller regulering. Jeg representerte det med dette "
"diagrammet:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
msgid ""
"How four different modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken "
"the right or regulation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the center of this picture is a regulated dot: the individual or group "
"bokføre det\\/den på weben, kan du bli straffet med en $150.000 fine. fine "
"er en ex post straff for å bryte en ex ante regelen. Det er pålagt av staten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Norms are a different kind of constraint. They, too, punish an individual "
"differansen er ikke av alvorlighetsgraden av regelen, men kilden for "
"håndhevelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The market is a third type of constraint. Its constraint is effected through "
"sett av normer og bakgrunn av eiendom og kontrakt lov, markedet pålegger en "
"samtidige begrensning på hvor en person eller gruppe kan oppføre seg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, \"architecture"
"et fly til new york, er det markedet som håndhever denne betingelsen."
#. PAGE BREAK 134
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So the first point about these four modalities of regulation is obvious: "
"samhandler. restriksjoner pålagt av en kan bli forsterket av en annen. eller "
"restriksjoner pålagt av en kan bli undergravd av en annen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The second point follows directly: If we want to understand the effective "
"blant de viktigste, og eventuelle regulator (enten kontroll eller frigjør) "
"må vurdere hvordan disse fire spesielt samhandle."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "driving speed, constraints on"
msgstr "kjørehastighet, begrensninger på"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So, for example, consider the \"freedom\" to drive a car at a high speed. "
"ikke være så effektiv i en annen by, eller om natten."
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By describing the way law affects the other three modalities, I don't mean "
"skolen,\" journal of Jusstudier, Juni 1998."
#. PAGE BREAK 135
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The final point about this simple model should also be fairly clear: While "
"these four modalities are analytically independent, law has a special role "
"driving."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
msgid "Law has a special role in affecting the three."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Commons, John R."
msgstr "Commons, John R."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some people object to this way of talking about \"liberty.\" They object "
"bør tas med i betraktningen for å forstå den effektive frihet at hver av "
"disse gruppene kan gjøre ansiktet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These constraints can thus change, and they can be changed. To understand "
"the effective protection of liberty or protection of property at any "
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Why Hollywood Is Right"
msgstr "Hvorfor Hollywood har rett"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The most obvious point that this model reveals is just why, or just how, "
"domstolene å forsvare copyright. Denne modellen hjelper oss se hvorfor denne "
"samlingspunkt fornuftig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let's say this is the picture of copyright's regulation before the Internet:"
msgstr "La oss si at dette er bilde av copyright's regulering før Internett:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Copyright's regulation before the Internet."
msgstr "La oss si at dette er bilde av copyright's regulering før Internett:"
#. PAGE BREAK 136
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is balance between law, norms, market, and architecture. The law "
"vårt samfunn (før Internett, minst) hadde ingen problemer med denne form for "
"krenkelse av."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet, or, more precisely, technologies such as MP3s and p2p "
"før Internett blir en effektiv stat av anarchy etter Internett."
#. PAGE BREAK 137
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus the sense of, and justification for, the warriors' response. "
"rettigheter har gått tapt. Dette er Irak etter fallet av saddam, men denne "
"gangen ingen regjering er rettferdiggjørende looting resultater."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "effective state of anarchy after the Internet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Neither this analysis nor the conclusions that follow are new to the "
"skal utdanne barn å bedre beskytte opphavsretten."
#. PAGE BREAK 138
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This mixed strategy is just what copyright needed—if it was to "
"regjeringen å kausjon dem. Når import (markedet) tørke ut amerikanske stål "
"industrien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, there's nothing wrong or surprising in the content industry's campaign "
"\"arkitektur av inntekter.\""
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Geoffrey Smith, \"Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a Bridge?\" "
"BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #24</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"But just because a particular interest asks for government support, it "
"doesn't follow that support should be granted. And just because technology "
msgstr ""
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fred Warshofsky, <citetitle>The Patent Wars</citetitle> (New York: Wiley, "
msgid "Gates, Bill"
msgstr "Gates, Bill"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The obvious answer to these obviously rhetorical questions is no. In a free "
"society, with a free market, supported by free enterprise and free trade, "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, while it is understandable for industries threatened with new "
"på forespørsel fra de vondt ved å endre teknologi, er endringer som bevare "
"insentiver og muligheter for innovasjon og endre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the context of laws regulating speech—which include, obviously, "
"regulering er begrunnet."
#. PAGE BREAK 140
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My argument just now, however, has nothing to do with whether the changes "
"spørsmål som mye avhenger av verdier, bør vi først be om vi forstår effekten "
"av endringene innhold industrien ønsker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Here's the metaphor that will capture the argument to follow."
msgstr "Her kommer metaforen som vil forklare argumentet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "DDT"
msgstr "DDT"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Müller, Paul Hermann"
msgstr "Müller, Paul Hermann"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1873, the chemical DDT was first synthesized. In 1948, Swiss chemist Paul "
"i verden til å drepe sykdom-bærer skadedyr. Det ble også brukt til å øke "
"produksjonen av gården."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No one doubts that killing disease-carrying pests or increasing crop "
"som er en god ting. ingen tvil at arbeidet med müller var viktig og "
"verdifull og sannsynligvis lagret liv, kanskje millioner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Carson, Rachel"
msgstr "Carson, Rachel"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Silent Sprint (Carson)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But in 1962, Rachel Carson published <citetitle>Silent Spring</citetitle>, "
"fugler var å miste muligheten til å reprodusere. hele kjeder av økologi ble "
"blir ødelagt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No one set out to destroy the environment. Paul Müller certainly did not aim "
"miljøvennlig måten å løse problemer som ddt var ment å løse."
#. f7
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See, for example, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-#| "Environmentalism for the Net?\" Duke Law Journal 47 (1997): 87."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See, for example, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
"Environmentalism for the Net?\" <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
"(1997): 87."
msgstr ""
-"Se, for eksempel, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-"Environmentalism for the Net?\" Duke Law Journal 47 (1997): 87."
+"Se for eksempel James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
+"Environmentalism for the Net?\" <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
+"(1997): 87."
#. PAGE BREAK 141
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"It is to this image precisely that Duke University law professor James Boyle "
"appeals when he argues that we need an \"environmentalism\" for culture."
"our actions' effects on the environment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My argument, in the balance of this chapter, tries to map exactly this "
"denne massive økningen i beskyttelse være ødeleggende for miljøet for "
"kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In a line: To kill a gnat, we are spraying DDT with consequences for free "
"i en linje: for å drepe en mygg, er vi sprøyting ddt med konsekvenser, for "
"fri kultur som vil være langt mer ødeleggende enn denne mygg, vil gå tapt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Beginnings"
msgstr "Opphav"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"America copied English copyright law. Actually, we copied and improved "
"property\" fjerner du rettigheter; uttrykkelig begrensninger forsterke den "
"engelske mål å unngå altfor kraftig utgivere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The power to establish \"creative property\" rights is granted to Congress "
"setningsdelen i vår grunnlov sier at:"
#. PAGE BREAK 142
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
"og formålet er en offentlig, ikke hensikten med berikende utgivere, eller "
"med hovedsakelig formålet med givende forfatternes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "
-"chapter 6, the English limited the term of copyright so as to assure that a "
-"few would not exercise disproportionate control over culture by exercising "
+"chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"founders\"/>, the "
+"English limited the term of copyright so as to assure that a few would not "
+"exercise disproportionate control over culture by exercising "
"disproportionate control over publishing. We can assume the framers followed "
"the English for a similar purpose. Indeed, unlike the English, the framers "
"reinforced that objective, by requiring that copyrights extend \"to Authors"
"forsterket det målet ved å kreve at opphavsretten utvide \"til forfattere\" "
"bare."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The design of the Progress Clause reflects something about the "
"struktur som ble bygd kontrollerer og saldoer i konstitusjonelle rammen, "
"strukturert for å hindre at ellers uunngåelig konsentrasjoner av makt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call \"copyright\" "
"årene siden de først slo sin design."
#. PAGE BREAK 143
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some of these changes come from the law: some in light of changes in "
"teknologi, og noen i lys av endringer i teknologi gitt en bestemt "
"konsentrasjon av markedets makt. Når det gjelder vår modell startet vi her:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "We will end here:"
msgstr "Vi kommer til å ende opp her:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""Copyright" today."
msgstr ""Opphavsrett" i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 144
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Let me explain how."
msgstr "La meg forklare hvordan."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Law: Duration"
msgstr "Loven: Varighet"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Crosskey, William W."
msgstr "Crosskey, William W."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"William W. Crosskey, <citetitle>Politics and the Constitution in the History "
"rettigheter som forfattere hadde eller skulle etter noen å ha, under felles "
"lov\" (vekt legges til)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"When the first Congress enacted laws to protect creative property, it faced "
"the same uncertainty about the status of creative property that the English "
"to reprint and distribute works."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That uncertainty ended after Congress passed legislation granting "
"at opphavsretten for alle engelsk arbeider utløpt, en føderale vedtekter "
"betydde at staten opphavsrettigheter utløpt også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1790, Congress enacted the first copyright law. It created a federal "
"bestått hans arbeid i public domain."
#. f9
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Although 13,000 titles were published in the United States from 1790 to "
"1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, <citetitle>A "
"Copyright Act of May 31, 1790, §1, 1 stat. 124."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"While there were many works created in the United States in the first ten "
"years of the Republic, only 5 percent of the works were actually registered "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 145
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This system of renewal was a crucial part of the American system of "
"copyright. It assured that the maximum terms of copyright would be granted "
"ikke verdt det for samfunnet å håndheve opphavsretten."
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
"\"på ubestemt tid fornybar copyright,\" university of chicago lov gå gjennom "
"70 (2003): 471, 498501 og tilhørende tallene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Fourteen years may not seem long to us, but for the vast majority of "
"copyright owners at that time, it was long enough: Only a small minority of "
msgstr ""
#. f11
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid "See Ringer, ch. 9, n. 2."
msgstr "Se Ringer, kap. 9, n. 2."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Even today, this structure would make sense. Most creative work has an "
"actual commercial life of just a couple of years. Most books fall out of "
"publication—is effectively free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the first hundred years of the Republic, the term of copyright was "
"Republikken begrepet økt igjen. i 1909 utvidet Kongressen begrepet fornyelse "
"av 14 år til 28 år, angi en maksimal periode på 56 år."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Then, beginning in 1962, Congress started a practice that has defined "
"utvidet begrepet av eksisterende og fremtidige opphavsretten av tjue år."
#. PAGE BREAK 146
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effect of these extensions is simply to toll, or delay, the passing of "
"million patenter vil passere i den offentlige sfæren, vil dermed null "
"opphavsrett passerer i public domain kraft av utløpet av en opphavsrett sikt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effect of these extensions has been exacerbated by another, little-"
"domain. works gjenværende under beskyttelse vil være de som hadde noen "
"vedvarende kommersiell verdi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
"deretter tilgjengelig. etter sonny bono loven, at begrepet var fem og nitti "
"år."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This change meant that American law no longer had an automatic way to assure "
"\", har vi ingen bevis for at noe vil begrense dem."
#. f12
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
"tretti-to år, og tretti år i gjennomsnitt. se landes og posner, \"på "
"ubestemt tid fornybar copyright,\" loc. cit."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The effect of these changes on the average duration of copyright is "
"dramatic. In 1973, more than 85 percent of copyright owners failed to renew "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Law: Scope"
msgstr "Loven: Virkeområde"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The \"scope\" of a copyright is the range of rights granted by the law. The "
"er ikke nødvendigvis dårlig. men vi bør forstå omfanget av endringene Hvis "
"vi å holde denne debatten i sammenheng."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only \"maps, charts, "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet bok, eller å tilpasse historien til et annet skjema "
"(for eksempel et drama basert på en publiserte bok)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This, too, has changed dramatically. While the contours of copyright today "
"verk som er basert på en betydelig måte på det første skapende arbeidet."
#. PAGE BREAK 148
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the same time that the scope of copyright has expanded, procedural "
"lov om opphavsrett, det var et krav at works settes med regjeringen før "
"opphavsretten som kan sikres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The reason for the registration requirement was the sensible understanding "
"arbeidet et sted slik at den kan kopieres av andre uten å finne den "
"opprinnelige forfatteren."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All of these \"formalities\" were abolished in the American system when we "
"opphavsretten finnes om du merker arbeidet med en ©; og opphavsretten finnes "
"om du faktisk lage en kopi tilgjengelig for andre å kopiere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Consider a practical example to understand the scope of these differences."
msgstr ""
"Vurder et praktisk eksempel for å forstå omfanget av disse forskjellene."
#. f13
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, \"Poets, Pirates, and the Creation of "
"og politikk 255 (1997), og james gilraeth, ed., føderale opphavsrett "
"records, 17901800 (US g.p.o., 1987)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"If, in 1790, you wrote a book and you were one of the 5 percent who actually "
"copyrighted that book, then the copyright law protected you against another "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 149
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The act left other creators totally unregulated. If I copied your poem by "
"disse kreative aktivitetene forble gratis, mens aktivitetene til utgivere "
"var behersket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Today the story is very different: If you write a book, your book is "
"kopirettigheter. Det er ikke nødvendig å registrere deg eller merke arbeidet "
"ditt. beskyttelse følger etablering, ikke trinnene du ta for å beskytte den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That protection gives you the right (subject to a narrow range of fair use "
"unntak) til å kontrollere hvordan andre kopierer arbeidet, om de kopiere den "
"til å publisere den på nytt, eller for å dele et utdrag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
"eksklusiv rett til skrifter, men en eksklusiv rett til skrifter og en stor "
"andel av skrifter som er inspirert av dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is this derivative right that would seem most bizarre to our framers, "
"spøk av opphavsretten, slik loven ble riktig utvidet til å omfatte disse små "
"endringer, så vel som ordrett opprinnelige arbeidet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" Legal Affairs, July/August "
-#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</"
-#| "ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
"citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
"cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" Legal Affairs, juli/august 2003, "
-"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</"
-"ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
+"citetitle>, julu/august 2003,tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"
cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In preventing that joke, the law created an astonishing power within a free "
"culture—at least, it's astonishing when you understand that the law "
msgstr ""
#. f15
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
"\"ytringsfriheten fantasi: opphavsrett 's constitutionality,\" yale law "
"journal 112 (2002): 160 (se spesielt s. 5359)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yet copyright law treats these two different wrongs in the same way. I can "
"go to court and get an injunction against your pirating my book. I can go to "
"creative work are treated the same."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
"kalt \"Mikke Mus\", hvorfor skal du kunne gjøre Mikke Mus leker og være en "
"til å handle på verdien som disney opprinnelig opprettet?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are good arguments, and, in general, my point is not that the "
"er grunnløs. meg sikte akkurat nå er mye smalere: bare for å gjøre det klart "
"at denne utvidelsen er en betydelig endring fra de opprinnelig rettighetene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Law and Architecture: Reach"
msgstr "Lov og arkitektur: Rekkevidde"
#. f16
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "
"antagelse under den eksisterende lov (som regulerer \"Kopier\"; 17 united "
"states code, avsnitt 102) er at hvis det er en kopi, det er rett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Whereas originally the law regulated only publishers, the change in "
"copyright's scope means that the law today regulates publishers, users, and "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 151
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Copies.\" That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for <emphasis>copy</"
"presist, bør de ikke alltid være utløser for lov om opphavsrett."
#. f17
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, my argument is not that in each place that copyright law extends, we "
"for dens utvidelse der den does, og bør ikke avgjøre sin rekkevidde på "
"grunnlag av vilkårlig og automatiske endringer forårsaket av teknologi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is perhaps the central claim of this book, so let me take this very "
"slowly so that the point is not easily missed. My claim is that the Internet "
"contemplated, much less chosen, by the legislators who enacted copyright law."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We can see this point abstractly by beginning with this largely empty circle."
msgstr ""
"Vi kan se dette punktet abstractly begynner med dette i stor grad tom sirkel."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "All potential uses of a book."
msgstr "Alle potensielle bruk av en bok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 152
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Think about a book in real space, and imagine this circle to represent all "
"disse handlinger er regulert av lov om opphavsrett, fordi disse handlinger "
"ikke gjør en kopi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "Examples of unregulated uses of a book."
msgstr "Eksempler på uregulert bruk av en bok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Obviously, however, some uses of a copyrighted book are regulated by "
"paradigmatic bruk riktig regulert av opphavsrett regulering (se første "
"diagrammet på neste side)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
"remain unregulated because the law considers these \"fair uses.\""
msgstr ""
-"Til slutt er det en tynn skive av ellers regulert kopierings-bruk "
-"som forblir uregluert på grunn av at loven anser dette som \"rimelig "
-"bruk\"."
+"Til slutt er det en tynn skive av ellers regulert kopierings-bruk som "
+"forblir uregluert på grunn av at loven anser dette som \"rimelig bruk\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""
"Republishing stands at the core of this circle of possible uses of a "
"copyrighted work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are uses that themselves involve copying, but which the law treats as "
"slike \"fair bruker\" for offentlig politikk (og muligens first endring) "
"grunner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "Unregulated copying considered "fair uses.""
msgstr "Uregulert kopiering anses som "rimelig bruk"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""
"Uses that before were presumptively unregulated are now presumptively "
"regulated."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 154
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
"visninger."
#. f18
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I don't mean \"nature\" in the sense that it couldn't be different, but "
"digital network kan være utformet for å slette noe det kopierer slik at det "
"samme antallet kopier forblir."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet—a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
"copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 155
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
"lesing—kan reguleres av lov om opphavsrett, fordi ingen av de bruker "
"produsert en kopi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
"ganger, deretter hver gang du leser boken (eller deler av det) utover den "
"femte tid, gjør du en kopi av boken i strid med opphavsrett eierens ønske."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
"å gjøre det klart endringen. Når du ser dette punktet, bli noen andre "
"punkter også klar:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
"policy her for å skifte. unregulated bruker var en viktig del av fri kultur "
"før Internett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
"svært troubling med hensyn til transformative bruk av skapende arbeid."
#. PAGE BREAK 156
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
"behovet for en rettferdig bruk forsvar. retten til å lese var effektivt "
"beskyttet før fordi lesing ikke ble regulert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
"store flertallet av bruker er unregulated. men når alt blir presumptively "
"regulert, deretter beskyttelse av fair use er ikke nok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
"video rørledningen fikk tilhengere fra trevare, sette tilhengere på bånd, og "
"solgt kassetter til selge i detalj butikker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
"vil også kunne smake litt fra filmen on-line før du kjøpte den."
#. PAGE BREAK 157
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
"de hadde. så de anlagt en sak å be retten å erklære at disse rettighetene "
"var faktisk sine rettigheter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Disney countersued—for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
"aktivere video butikker å selge kopier av disse filmene, var disney nå suing "
"video rørledning for $100 millioner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
"vise titlene på filmene de solgte, men de var ikke lov til å vise klipp av "
"filmer som en måte å selge dem uten disney's tillatelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
"kontroll, fordi teknologien bygger en kopi til hver transaksjon."
#. PAGE BREAK 158
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
"men i et konkurranseutsatt marked som bok-markedet, farene ved dette skjer "
"er ganske liten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
"eiere velge. i enkelte sammenhenger, minst, er det faktum harmløse. men det "
"er en oppskrift på katastrofe i enkelte sammenhenger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
msgstr "Arkitektur og lov: Makt"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
"påvirker ikke rekkevidden av opphavsrett regulering; det påvirker hvordan "
"slike regulering fremtvinges."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
"tradisjonen med loven og cognizant av saldoer som tradisjon omfavnet, som sa "
"om og hvordan loven ville begrense friheten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Casablanca"
msgstr "Casablanca"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Marx Brothers"
+msgstr ""
+
#. f19
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" Law and Contemporary "
-#| "Problems 44 (1981): 172–73."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" <citetitle>Law and "
"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
msgstr ""
-"Se David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" Law and Contemporary "
-"Problems 44 (1981): 172–73."
+"Se David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" <citetitle>Law and "
+"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "
"Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of <citetitle>Casablanca</"
"juridiske konsekvenser hvis de gikk videre med sin plan.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
"citetitle>, 1–3. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
"Ibid. Se også Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
"citetitle>, 1–3. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
"that the Marx Brothers \"were brothers long before you were.\"<placeholder "
"forsøke å kontrollere <citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>, så ville Marx-"
"brødrene insistere på kontroll over <citetitle>Brothers</citetitle>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
"Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly claim. "
"håndheve et slikt dumt krav. Denne ekstremismen var irrelevant for de ekte "
"friheter som alle (inkludert Warner Brothers) nøt godt av."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
"ville ikke få humor av the marx brothers. Konsekvensen av dette er overhodet "
"ikke morsomt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Adobe eBook Reader"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
msgstr "La oss se på livet til min Adobe eBook Reader."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
"book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "
"bruker å levere e-bøker. Den bidrar med teknologien, og utgiveren leverer "
"innholdet ved hjelp av teknologien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"On the next page is a picture of an old version of my Adobe eBook Reader."
"på neste er siden et bilde av en gammel versjon av min adobe eBok-leser."
#. PAGE BREAK 160
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
"vurdere middlemarch først. Hvis du klikker på min e-bok-kopi av middlemarch, "
"vil du se en fancy cover og deretter en knapp på bunnen kalt tillatelser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "Picture of an old version of Adobe eBook Reader"
msgstr "Bilde av en gammel versjon av Adobe eBook Reader."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1611.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1611.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
"Hvis du klikker på knappen tillatelser, ser du en liste over tillatelsene "
"som utgiveren hensikt å gi med denne boken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "List of the permissions that the publisher purports to grant."
msgstr ""
"Hvis du klikker på knappen tillatelser, ser du en liste over tillatelsene "
"som utgiveren hensikt å gi med denne boken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 161
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
"boken ti dager. til slutt, jeg har tillatelse til å bruke lese høyt knapp "
"for å høre middlemarch lest høyt gjennom datamaskinen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Aristotle"
+msgstr "Aristoteles"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "<citetitle>Politics</citetitle>, (Aristotle)"
+msgstr "<citetitle>Politikk</citetitle>, (Aristotles)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
-"translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."
+"translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Her er e-bok for et annet arbeid i den offentlige sfæren (inkludert "
-"oversettelse): Aristoteles politikk."
+"Her er e-boken for et annet allemannseid verk (inkludert oversettelsen): "
+"Aristoteles <citetitle>Politikk</citetitle> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s "Politics""
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "E-bok av Aristoteles "Politikk""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at all. "
"i henhold til tillatelsene, ingen utskrift eller kopiering er tillatt i det "
"hele tatt. men heldigvis kan du bruke lese høyt knappen for å høre boken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s "Politics"."
-msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for Aristotles "Politics"."
+msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for Aristotles "Politikk"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
"Endelig (og mest embarrassingly), her er du tillatelsene for den "
"opprinnelige e-bok-versjonen av boken min siste, fremtiden for idéer:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "List of the permissions for "The Future of Ideas"."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
msgstr ""
"Ingen kopiering, ingen utskrift, og våg ikke å prøve å lytte til denne boken!"
#. f21
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
"kontrakten, ikke fra lov om opphavsrett og forpliktelsene ved kontrakt ville "
"ikke nødvendigvis gå til alle som senere kjøpt boken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls \"permissions\"— as "
"if the publisher has the power to control how you use these works. For "
"control that the law would enable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The control comes instead from the code—from the technology within "
"hvis du gjør; i stedet, hvis du presse lese høyt knappen med min bok, "
"maskinen bare vil ikke lese høyt."
-#. PAGE BREAK 163
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
"where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
-"to type \"Warner Brothers,\" erased \"Brothers\" from the sentence."
+"to type \"Warner Brothers,\" erased \"Brothers\" from the sentence. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Dette er kontroller, ikke tillatelser. Forestill deg en verden der marx "
"brødrene solgte tekstbehandling programvare som, da du prøvde å skrive inn "
"\"warner brothers,\" slettet \"brødre\" fra setningen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright <emphasis>law</"
"dommer, kontrollene som er innebygd i teknologien har ingen tilsvarende "
"innebygde kontroller."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
"programvaren, men det var trivielle beskyttelse til tap. Hvorfor vil ikke "
"være trivielt å beseire slik beskyttelse også?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
"Vi har bare riper i overflaten av denne historien. gå tilbake til adobe eBok-"
"leser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
"in wonderland. denne fantastiske boken er offentlig tilgjengelig. ennå når "
"du klikket på tillatelser for boken, fikk du det fulgte rapporten:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""
"List of the permissions for "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 164
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
"til å låne, ikke lov til å gi og, som \"tillatelser\" angitt, ikke lov til å "
"\"lese høyt\"!"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission. For the "
"begrense høyre for foreldre, for eksempel å lese boken til sine barn, som "
"syntes å si mildt, absurd."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
"rettferdig? Adobe ikke svare fordi svaret, men absurde det kan virke, er "
"ingen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
"det mulig for kontroll, og adobe har et insentiv til å forsvare denne "
"kontrollen. dette insentiv er forståelig, men hva som skaper er ofte gal."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
"Hvis du vil se punktet i en spesielt absurd sammenheng, bør du vurdere en "
"favoritt historien om mine som gjør det samme punktet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
msgstr "Aibo robothund"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named \"Aibo.\" The Aibo learns "
"av et rot (i det minste i huset)."
#. PAGE BREAK 165
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
"informasjon om hvordan du lære en aibo å gjøre triks i tillegg til de sony "
"hadde lært det på det området."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Teach\" here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute computers. You "
"pet om hvordan å hacke datamaskinen \"hund\" slik at den gjør nye triks "
"(derfor aibohack.com)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word "
"vil du senere gjerne til å oppdage en hack på nettet av noen som har skrevet "
"en driver for å aktivere datamaskinen til å kjøre skriveren du nettopp kjøpt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
"en viss respekt som går med talent å hacke godt. Det er en velfortjent "
"respekt som går med talent å hacke etisk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
"forvandlet hunden til en mer talentfull skapning enn sony hadde bygget."
#. PAGE BREAK 166
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
"en bilder at eieren av aibopet.com trodde, hva et mulig problem kan det være "
"med undervisning en robot hunden å danse?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show— not "
"felten stått sin bakken. Han var ikke om å bli mobba til å være stille om "
"noe han visste godt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
msgstr "Elektronisk forpost-stiftelsen (EFF)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Pamela Samuelson, \"Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to Science,\" "
"<citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan I. Koerner, \"Play "
"#27</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a paper "
"Initiative as a technique to control the distribution of music."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
"være del av et \"klarert system\" av kontroll som ville få innholdseiere kan "
"stole på systemet av Internett mye mer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition. In "
"problemer til konsortiet."
#. PAGE BREAK 167
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
"samme svakhet, og felten og teamet hans trodde det verdt å påpeke dette til "
"de som studerer kryptering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United States. "
"av kritikk. at kritikk er sannsynlig, i sin tur til å forbedre systemer "
"eller personer eller idéer kritisert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
"for fleste. men det viste klart svakhetene i sdmi-systemet, og hvorfor sdmi "
"ville ikke, så dag konstituert, lykkes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
"mottatt. aibopet.com mottatt et brev fra sony om det aibopet.com banalisere. "
"Selv om en jazz-dans hunden er helt lovlig, skrev sony:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
"kopibeskyttelse protokollen utgjør et brudd på anti-omgåelse bestemmelsene i "
"digital millennium copyright act."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
"lese:"
#. PAGE BREAK 168
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
"kunne utsettes du og din undersøkelsesgruppen for handlinger under digital "
"millennium copyright act (\"dmca\")."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
"spredningen av informasjon. digital millennium copyright act gjort sprer seg "
"slik informasjon en krenkelser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
"utviklet som kode for å endre den opprinnelige koden for Internett, for å "
"gjenopprette noe beskyttelse for eiere av opphavsretter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "
"var vi kunne si, Juridisk Lisenstekst ment å buttress programvarekode som "
"selv var ment å støtte Juridisk Lisenstekst av opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
"gjort mulig ved at omgåelse ville ha vært et brudd på opphavsretten."
#. PAGE BREAK 169
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
"av opphavsrettslig materiale var et brudd på opphavsretten. spørsmålet er om "
"et system for opphavsrettsbeskyttelse var omgikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
"selv krenker andres opphavsrett, hans akademiske papir var aktivere andre "
"til å krenke andres opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
"fall at han ønsket å fremkalle gratis å tape mr. rogers' neighborhood."
#. f23
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Sony Corporation of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal "
"james lardner, spole fremover: hollywood, japanske og onslaught av "
"videoopptakeren (new york: w. w. norton, 1987), 27071."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
"\"Neighborhood\" at hours when some children cannot use it. I think that "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 170
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
"Selv om det var bruker som var juridiske, fordi det var noen bruksområder "
"som var ulovlig, domstolen holdt selskaper produsere vcr ansvarlig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA."
msgstr ""
"Dette førte conrad å trekke tegneserie nedenfor, som vi kan vedta å dmca."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "No argument I have can top this picture, but let me try to get close."
msgstr ""
"ingen argument jeg har kan topp dette bildet, men la meg prøve å komme nær."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The anticircumvention provisions of the DMCA target copyright circumvention "
"god slutt."
#. PAGE BREAK 171
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A handgun can be used to shoot a police officer or a child. Most would agree "
"bruk ville vært bra. det, også, er en teknologi som har både gode og dårlige "
"bruker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "VCR/handgun cartoon."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The obvious point of Conrad's cartoon is the weirdness of a world where guns "
"tross for potensialet som de kan gjøre noe godt, men tillater våpen, til "
"tross for den åpenbare og tragisk skaden de gjør."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Aibo and RIAA examples demonstrate how copyright owners are changing the "
"på rimelig bruk som de innføre gjennom koden. teknologien blir et middel som "
"kan bli slettet fair use; loven av dmca sikkerhetskopierer at sletting."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is how <emphasis>code</emphasis> becomes <emphasis>law</emphasis>. The "
"de innehaverne av opphavsrett med advokater som kan skrive ekkel bokstavene "
"som felten og aibopet.com som er mottatt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is one final aspect of the interaction between architecture and law "
"identiteten til de som bryter reglene."
#. f24
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, \"Legal Fictions, "
"fictions, copyright, fanfiction og en ny felles lov,\" loyola av los angeles "
"underholdning law journal 17 (1997): 651."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For example, imagine you were part of a <citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> fan "
"club. You gathered every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of "
"continue it.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before the Internet, this was, in effect, a totally unregulated activity. "
"av vår kultur. du ble tillatt å bygge videre på det som du selv ønsker, uten "
"frykt for juridisk kontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But if you moved your club onto the Internet, and made it generally "
"opphavsrett er ekstremt effektiv. straffene er alvorlige, og prosessen er "
"rask."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This change in the effective force of the law is caused by a change in the "
"utstede billetter basert på dataene du har overført. det vil si, hva som "
"skjer her."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Market: Concentration"
msgstr "Marked: Konsentrasjon"
#. PAGE BREAK 173
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So copyright's duration has increased dramatically—tripled in the past "
"omfanget av regjeringens kontroll over innovasjon og kreativitet; det ville "
"være helt ugjenkjennelige til de som fødte copyright's kontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Still, in my view, all of these changes would not matter much if it weren't "
"godt forstått. Det er den som oppretter nettopp grunnen til å være bekymret "
"for alle andre endringer jeg har beskrevet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the change in the concentration and integration of the media. In "
"år vil vi lever i en verden der bare tre selskaper kontrollere mer enn "
"prosent av media."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These changes are of two sorts: the scope of concentration, and its nature."
msgstr ""
"Det er her to sorter endringer: omfanget av konsentrasjon, og dens natur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "BMG"
msgstr "BMG"
#. f25
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"FCC Oversight: Hearing Before the Senate Commerce, Science and "
"108th cong., 1 sess. (22 mai 2003) (setning av senator john mccain)."
#. f26
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Lynette Holloway, \"Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to Slide,\" "
"skyve,\" new york times, 23 desember 2002."
#. f27
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Molly Ivins, \"Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,\" <citetitle>Charleston "
"Molly ivins, \"media konsolidering må stoppes,\" charleston gazette, 31 kan "
"2003."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "McCain, John"
msgstr "McCain, John"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "
"summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, \"five "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 174
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The story with radio is even more dramatic. Before deregulation, the "
"markedet inntekter. Total, bare fire selskaper styre 90 prosent av landets "
"radio annonsering inntekter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Newspaper ownership is becoming more concentrated as well. Today, there are "
"Dette er et marked langt fra fri presse underskrev søkt å beskytte. Det er "
"faktisk et marked som er svært godt beskyttet—av markedet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Fallows, James"
msgstr "Fallows, James"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Concentration in size alone is one thing. The more invidious change is in "
"natur at konsentrasjon. som forfatter james fallows sette den i en fersk "
"artikkel om rupert murdoch,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" Atlantic Monthly (September 2003): "
-#| "89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
"citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" Atlantic Monthly (september 2003): "
-"89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
+"
citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "
"integration. They supply content—Fox movies . . . Fox TV shows . . . "
"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The pattern with Murdoch is the pattern of modern media. Not just large "
"uttak av media som mulig. et bilde beskriver bedre enn tusen ord kunne gjøre "
"dette mønsteret:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "Pattern of modern media ownership."
msgstr "Mønster for moderne mediaeierskap."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1761.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1761.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 175
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
"distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
"content?"
msgstr ""
-"har denne konsentrasjonen saken? vil det påvirke hva er gjort, eller hva er "
-"distribuert? eller er det bare en mer effektiv måte å produsere og "
+"Betyr denne konsentrasjonen noe? Påvirker det hva som blir laget, eller hva "
+"som blir distribuert? Eller er det bare en mer effektiv måte å produsere og "
"distribuere innhold?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
"more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "
"listening to a barrage of creators try to convince me to the contrary, I am "
"beginning to change my mind."
msgstr ""
-"Jeg var at konsentrasjon ikke ville saken. Jeg trodde det var ingenting mer "
-"enn en mer effektive økonomiske strukturen. men nå, etter at lese og lytte "
-"til en barrage av skaperne prøver å overbevise meg om det motsatte, jeg "
-"begynner å endre meg sinn."
+"Mitt syn var at konsentrasjonen ikke betød noe. Jeg tenkte det ikke var noe "
+"mer enn en mer effektiv finansiell struktur. Men nå, etter å ha lest og "
+"hørt på en haug av skapere prøve å overbevise meg om det motsatte, har jeg "
+"begynt å endre mening."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
"may matter."
msgstr ""
-"Her er en representant historie som begynner å foreslå hvordan denne "
-"integreringen kan saken."
+"Her er en representativ historie som kan foreslå hvorfor denne integreringen "
+"er viktig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Lear, Norman"
msgstr "Lear, Norman"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "All in the Family"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for <citetitle>All in the Family</"
"citetitle>. He took the pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It was too "
"than the first. ABC was exasperated. You're missing the point, they told "
"Lear. We wanted less edgy, not more."
msgstr ""
-"i 1969, norman lear opprettet en pilot for alle i familien. Han tok piloten "
-"til abc. nettverket liker ikke det. Det var også irritabel, fortalte de "
-"lear. gjøre det igjen. Lear gjort en andre pilot, mer irritabel enn først. "
-"ABC var exasperated. du mangler punktet, fortalte de lear. Vi ønsket mindre "
-"irritabel, ikke mer."
+"I 1969 laget Norman Lear en polit for <citetitle>All in the Family</"
+"citetitle>. Han tok piloten til ABC, og nettverket likte det ikke. Da sa "
+"til Lear at det var for på kanten. Gjør det om igjen. Lear lagde piloten på "
+"nytt, mer på kanten enn den første. ABC ble fra seg. Du får ikke med deg "
+"poenget, fortalte de Lear. Vi vil ha det mindre på kanten, ikke mer."
#. f29
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Leonard Hill, \"The Axis of Access,\" remarks before Weidenbaum Center "
"Forum, \"Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,\" St. Louis, Missouri, "
"notes/\">link #29</ulink>)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Rather than comply, Lear simply took the show elsewhere. CBS was happy to "
"have the series; ABC could not stop Lear from walking. The copyrights that "
"Lear held assured an independence from network control.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"I stedet for å føye seg, to Lear ganske enkelt serien sin til noen andre. "
+"CBS var glad for å ha seriene, og ABC kunne ikke stoppe Lear fra å gå til "
+"andre. Opphavsretten som Lear hadde sikret uavhengighet fra nettverk-"
+"kontroll.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 176
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The network did not control those copyrights because the law forbade the "
"\"uavhengige\" av nettverk."
#. f30
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"NewsCorp./DirecTV Merger and Media Consolidation: Hearings on Media "
"Ownership Before the Senate Commerce Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. "
"Hearing, Richmond, Virginia, 27 February 2003."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence. After "
"that change, the networks quickly changed the balance. In 1985, there were "
"decreased 63%.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Today, another Norman Lear with another <citetitle>All in the Family</"
"hvilket som helst Vis utviklet for et nettverk er i økende grad eid av "
"nettverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Diller, Barry"
msgstr "Diller, Barry"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Moyers, Bill"
msgstr "Moyers, Bill"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"While the number of channels has increased dramatically, the ownership of "
"moyers,"
#. f32
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See, for example, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 "
-#| "April 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #76</ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" <citetitle>Now with Bill "
"Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript available "
"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"For eksempel, se, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
-"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#76</ulink>."
+"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" <citetitle>Now with Bill "
+"Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, redigert avskrift "
+"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</"
+"ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Well, if you have companies that produce, that finance, that air on their "
"channel and then distribute worldwide everything that goes through their "
"you have less than a handful.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This narrowing has an effect on what is produced. The product of such large "
"kritiske, forskjellige visninger er ødela. Dette er ikke miljø for et "
"demokrati."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Clark, Kim B."
msgstr "Clark, Kim B."
#. f33
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
"Revolutionary National Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do Business</"
"citetitle> (New York: Currency/Doubleday, 2001)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "
"affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the \"Innovator's "
"little sprinting. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media market to say "
"hva konsentrasjon og integrering vil gjøre. effektiviteten er viktig, og "
"effekten på kultur er vanskelig å måle."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But there is a quintessentially obvious example that does strongly suggest "
"the concern."
msgstr "men det er en typiske åpenbare eksempel som sterkt at bekymringen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition to the copyright wars, we're in the middle of the drug wars. "
"og sivile domstolene er fylt med konsekvensene av denne kampen."
#. PAGE BREAK 178
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let me hereby disqualify myself from any possible appointment to any "
"redusert narkotikabruk av amerikanerne kunne muligens oppveier disse "
"kostnadene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You may not be convinced. That's fine. We live in a democracy, and it is "
"avhengig fundamentalt pressen for å informere amerikanerne om disse "
"problemene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "
"av første. til slutt, den første mann forandrer mening (Hei, det er TV). "
"pluggen på slutten er en damning angrep på pro-legalization kampanjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fair enough. It's a good ad. Not terribly misleading. It delivers its "
"Fair nok. Det er en god annonse. ikke veldig misvisende. Det gir sin melding "
"godt. Det er en rettferdig og rimelig melding."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But let's say you think it is a wrong message, and you'd like to run a "
"stoffet krigen. kan du gjøre det?"
#. PAGE BREAK 179
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Well, obviously, these ads cost lots of money. Assume you raise the money. "
"for å hjelpe deg å få budskapet. kan du være sikker på at meldingen vil "
"deretter bli hørt?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Comcast"
msgstr "Comcast"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Marijuana Policy Project"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "WJOA"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"The Marijuana Policy Project, in February 2003, sought to place ads that "
"directly responded to the Nick and Norm series on stations within the "
"id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "
"\"controversial\" ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I'd be happy to defend the networks' rights, as well—if we lived in a "
"der bare en noen kommer til å bestemme hvilke problemer med resten av oss få "
"vite om."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Together"
msgstr "Sammen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "
"Anarkisten kan uenige."
#. PAGE BREAK 180
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But when we see how dramatically this \"property\" has changed— when "
"fundamentalt endres frihet i denne kulturen til å dyrke og bygge på vår "
"fortid, så må vi spørre om denne egenskapen skal defineres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Not starkly. Or absolutely. My point is not that we should abolish copyright "
"copyright eller gå tilbake til 1700-tallet. det ville være en totalt feil, "
"katastrofalt for de viktigste kreative bedriftene i vår kultur i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But there is a space between zero and one, Internet culture "
"for å gjenopprette balansen som tradisjonelt har definert copyright's "
"regulering—en svekkelse av den reguleringen, å styrke kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright law has not been a rock of Gibraltar. It's not a set of constant "
"teknologi og markedet aktivere."
#. PAGE BREAK 181
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For the single point that is lost in this war on pirates is a point that we "
"færre hadde en lovfestet rett til å styre flere av utviklingen av vår kultur "
"enn nå."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a similar point in his \"four surrenders\" of "
"copyright law in the digital age. See Vaidhyanathan, 159–60. "
"for opphavsrettsloven i den digitale tidsalder. Se Vaidhyanathan, "
"159–60. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Not when copyrights were perpetual, for when copyrights were perpetual, they "
"affected only that precise creative work. Not when only publishers had the "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "This has been a long chapter. Its point can now be briefly stated."
msgstr "Dette har vært en lang kapittel. sitt punkt kan nå kort oppgis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the start of this book, I distinguished between commercial and "
"Fjern tilordning av endringene som har gjennomgått en lov om opphavsrett. i "
"1790, loven så ut som dette:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "PUBLISH"
msgstr "Publiser"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "TRANSFORM"
msgstr "transformere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Commercial"
msgstr "Kommersiell"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "©"
msgstr "©"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Free"
msgstr "Fri"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Noncommercial"
msgstr "Ikke-kommersiell"
#. PAGE BREAK 182
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The act of publishing a map, chart, and book was regulated by copyright law. "
"kommersielt ville registrere, kopiere gjennom publisering av ikke-"
"kommersielt arbeid var også gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
msgstr "ved slutten av det nittende århundre, hadde loven endres til dette:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law—if published, "
"kommersielt. men ikke-kommersiell publisering og transformasjon var fortsatt "
"hovedsakelig gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1909 the law changed to regulate copies, not publishing, and after this "
"kunne som fotokopiering maskiner ble mer vanlig, vi si loven begynte å se "
"slik ut:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "COPY"
msgstr "Kopier"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "©/Free"
msgstr "©/Fri"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The law was interpreted to reach noncommercial copying through, say, copy "
"sammenheng med en digital network, betyr at loven nå ser slik ut:"
#. PAGE BREAK 183
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Every realm is governed by copyright law, whereas before most creativity was "
"eller ikke, transformative eller ikke – med de samme reglene som er utformet "
"for å regulere kommersielle utgivere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Obviously, copyright law is not the enemy. The enemy is regulation that does "
"virker ikke godt. Så spørsmålet som vi bør spørre akkurat nå er enten utvide "
"forskrifter om opphavsrett i hver av disse domenene faktisk gjør noe bra."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I have no doubt that it does good in regulating commercial copying. But I "
"also have no doubt that it does more harm than good when regulating (as it "
"regulates just now) noncommercial copying and, especially, noncommercial "
"transformation. And increasingly, for the reasons sketched especially in "
-"chapters 7 and 8, one might well wonder whether it does more harm than good "
-"for commercial transformation. More commercial transformative work would be "
-"created if derivative rights were more sharply restricted."
+"chapters <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/> and "
+"<xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"transformers\"/>, one "
+"might well wonder whether it does more harm than good for commercial "
+"transformation. More commercial transformative work would be created if "
+"derivative rights were more sharply restricted."
msgstr ""
"Jeg har ingen tvil om at den gjør bra i regulerer kommersielle kopiering. "
"men jeg har ingen tvil om at det gjør mer skade enn bra når regulerer (som "
"bli opprettet hvis avledede rettigheter ble mer kraftig begrenset."
#. f36
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was the single most important contribution of the legal realist movement "
"eiendom,\" i nomos xxii: eiendom, j. roland pennock og john w. Chapman, Red. "
"(new york: new york university press, 1980)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "
"copyright is a kind of \"property,\" and of course, as with any property, "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 184
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "
"fri kultur er svært forskjellig fra ekstremistgrupper visjonen som dominerer "
"debatten i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Free culture is increasingly the casualty in this war on piracy. In response "
"muligheten til å opprette og transformere blir svekket i en verden der "
"oppretting krever tillatelse og kreativitet må kontrollere med en advokat."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "PUZZLES"
msgstr "Nøtter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER ELEVEN: Chimera"
msgstr "Kapittel elleve: Chimera"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "chimeras"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Wells, H. G."
msgstr "Wells, H. G."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid ""Country of the Blind, The" (Wells)"
msgstr ""
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"H. G. Wells, \"The Country of the Blind\" (1904, 1911). See H. G. Wells, "
"blind og andre historier, michael sherborne, ed. (new york: oxford "
"university press, 1996)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In a well-known short story by H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez "
"trips (literally, down an ice slope) into an unknown and isolated valley in "
"life as a king."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "
"være! \"\""
#. PAGE BREAK 187
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
"overbærenhet.\" \"hun ikke tro,\" brønner forteller oss, og \"hun kunne bare "
"halvparten forstår, men hun var mysteriously glad.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When Nunez announces his desire to marry his \"mysteriously delighted\" "
"instruerer, \"han er en idiot. Han har delusions. han kan ikke gjøre noe "
"høyre. \"de tar nunez til landsbyen legen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. \"His brain is "
"etter en forsiktig eksamen gir legen sin mening. \"hans hjernen er berørt,\" "
"rapporterer han."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"What affects it?\" the father asks. \"Those queer things that are called "
"\"hva påvirker det?\" spør Faderen. \"de skeiv ting som kalles øynene... er "
"sykelig... på en måte som påvirker hans hjernen.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The doctor continues: \"I think I may say with reasonable certainty that in "
"operasjon – nemlig å fjerne disse irriterende organer [øynene].\""
#. PAGE BREAK 188
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Thank Heaven for science!\" says the father to the doctor. They inform "
"muligheten er en underused tomten for mordet mysteriene. \"men dna viser med "
"100 prosent sikkerhet at hun ikke var personen med blod ble på scenen....\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before I had read about chimeras, I would have said they were impossible. A "
"chimera). vår forståelse av en \"person\" skal gjenspeile denne "
"virkeligheten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
"relevante henseender, akkurat som hva hver executive i hver innspilling "
"selskapet uten tvil gjorde som en unge: deling av musikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
"vi har ikke alltid vært tillatt å dele musikk med \"våre ti tusen beste "
"venner.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Likewise, when the other side says, \"File sharing is just like walking into "
"kopi til å ta, det er veldig mye som å stjele en kopi fra tårnet."
#. PAGE BREAK 189
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But it is not quite stealing from Tower. After all, when I take a CD from "
"california lov, i det minste er $1000. Ifølge riaa, derimot, er hvis jeg "
"dataoverføre en ti-sang-cd, jeg ansvarlig for $1,500,000 i skader.)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is not that it is as neither side describes. The point is that it "
"for å begynne å tenke på hvordan vi skal reagere på denne chimera. hvilke "
"regler bør styre det?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Berman, Howard L."
msgstr "Berman, Howard L."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"For an excellent summary, see the report prepared by GartnerG2 and the "
"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, \"Copyright "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"We could respond by simply pretending that it is not a chimera. We could, "
"with the RIAA, decide that every act of file sharing should be a felony. We "
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alternatively, we could respond to file sharing the way many kids act as "
"tilgjengelig på nettet. gjøre fildeling som sladder: regulert, hvis i det "
"hele tatt, av sosiale normer, men ikke av loven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Either response is possible. I think either would be a mistake. Rather than "
"løsningen ville være verre av to ytterpunktene."
#. PAGE BREAK 190
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet zero tolerance is increasingly our government's policy. In the middle of "
"aldri har hatt før. og i denne ekstremisme, mange en mulighet for ny "
"innovasjon og nye kreativitet går tapt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to \"steal\" music. My "
"innovators sette emusic.com, det når kritiserer dmca ekstra beskyttelse for "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"eMusic opposes music piracy. We are a distributor of copyrighted material, "
"eMusic motsetter musikk piratkopiering. Vi er distributør av "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale, og vi ønsker å beskytte disse rettighetene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But building a technology fortress that locks in the clout of the major "
"annen industri-modell."
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"WIPO and the DMCA One Year Later: Assessing Consumer Access to Digital "
"global offentlig politikk og standarder, emusic.com), tilgjengelig i lexis, "
"føderale dokumentet å fjerne huset Kongressens vitnesbyrd fil."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"This is a critical point. The choices that industry sectors make with "
"respect to these systems will in many ways directly shape the market for "
"everyone's interests.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Vivendi Universal"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of \"the "
"i april 2001, ble emusic.com kjøpt av vivendi universal, en av \"den store "
"etiketter.\" posisjonen på disse sakene er nå endret."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Reversing our tradition of tolerance now will not merely quash piracy. It "
"ofre verdier som er viktig for denne kulturen og vil drepe muligheter som "
"kan være svært verdifull."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER TWELVE: Harms"
msgstr "Kapittel tolv: Skader"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To fight \"piracy,\" to protect \"property,\" the content industry has "
"direkte og sikkerhetsstillelse skade. som med noen krig av forbudet, vil "
"disse skader bli rammet mest av våre egne folk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "
"denne beskrivelsen av konsekvenser til et argument. er denne krigen "
"rettferdiggjøres?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
"første gang, loven skal forsvare gamle mot den nye, bare når strømmen av "
"egenskap kalt \"intellectual property\" er på sitt største i vår historie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet \"common sense\" does not see it this way. Common sense is still on the "
"\"piratkopiering\" har fortsatt spille."
#. PAGE BREAK 193
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There will be many consequences of continuing this war. I want to describe "
"første beskytte moderne rcas, men det er ingen howard armstrong i vingene å "
"bekjempe dagens monopolists kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Constraining Creators"
msgstr "Begrensende skaperne"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the next ten years we will see an explosion of digital technologies. "
"Mashup—av sanger fra dine favoritt artister i en collage og gjøre den "
"tilgjengelig på nettet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This digital \"capturing and sharing\" is in part an extension of the "
"til kultur rundt."
#. PAGE BREAK 194
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Technology has thus given us an opportunity to do something with culture "
"that has only ever been possible for individuals in small groups, isolated "
"samling med naboer i en liten landsby. Forestill deg så den samme "
"historiefortellingen utvidet til å nå over hele verden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet all this is possible only if the activity is presumptively legal. In the "
"over Internett. men som loven er nå laget, dette arbeidet er presumptively "
"ugyldig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Worldcom"
msgstr "Worldcom"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
"WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bush, George W."
msgstr "Bush, George W."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
"House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the examples of "
"extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to proliferate. It is "
msgstr ""
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4 "
-#| "November 2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #8</ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22 November 2000, available at <ulink "
-#| "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" <citetitle>Wired</"
"citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For an overview of the exhibition, see <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4. november "
-"2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #8</"
-"
ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
+"Se Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" <citetitle>Wired</"
+"citetitle>, 7. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"
notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For en oversikt over utstillingen, se <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
"penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
"is critical or reflective."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "
-"law. I described that change in detail in chapter 10. But an even bigger "
-"part has to do with the increasing ease with which infractions can be "
-"tracked. As users of file-sharing systems discovered in 2002, it is a "
-"trivial matter for copyright owners to get courts to order Internet service "
-"providers to reveal who has what content. It is as if your cassette tape "
-"player transmitted a list of the songs that you played in the privacy of "
-"your own home that anyone could tune into for whatever reason they chose."
+"law. I described that change in detail in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
+"labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>. But an even bigger part has to do "
+"with the increasing ease with which infractions can be tracked. As users of "
+"file-sharing systems discovered in 2002, it is a trivial matter for "
+"copyright owners to get courts to order Internet service providers to reveal "
+"who has what content. It is as if your cassette tape player transmitted a "
+"list of the songs that you played in the privacy of your own home that "
+"anyone could tune into for whatever reason they chose."
msgstr ""
"en del av årsaken til denne frykten for illegality har å gjøre med endring "
"loven. jeg beskrevet den endringen i detalj i kapittel 10. men en enda "
"sendt en liste over sanger som du har spilt i personvernet til din egen "
"hjemmeside som noen kunne tune inn uansett grunn de valgte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Never in our history has a painter had to worry about whether his painting "
"kulturelle: ikoner; retten til å dyrke og forvandle dem er ikke på samme "
"måte gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "
-"in chapter 7, in response to the story about documentary filmmaker Jon Else, "
-"I have been lectured again and again by lawyers who insist Else's use was "
-"fair use, and hence I am wrong to say that the law regulates such a use."
+"in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/>, "
+"in response to the story about documentary filmmaker Jon Else, I have been "
+"lectured again and again by lawyers who insist Else's use was fair use, and "
+"hence I am wrong to say that the law regulates such a use."
msgstr ""
"advokater se sjelden dette fordi advokater er sjelden empirisk. som jeg "
"beskrevet i kapittel 7, som svar på historien om dokumentar filmskaper jon "
"regulerer slik bruk."
#. PAGE BREAK 196
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But fair use in America simply means the right to hire a lawyer to defend "
"juridisk system utholdelig for de svært rike. for alle andre er det en "
"forlegenhet til en tradisjon som prides seg på rettssikkerhet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "
"og disse reglene har lite i forhold til \"loven\" med hvilken dommere trøste "
"seg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For in a world that threatens $150,000 for a single willful infringement of "
"tar en studert blindhet for folk å fortsette å tro de bor i en kultur som er "
"gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "As Jed Horovitz, the businessman behind Video Pipeline, said to me,"
msgstr "som jed horovitz, forretningsmann bak video rørledning, sa til meg,"
#. PAGE BREAK 197
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
"skal ikke engang få det på pbs uten den typen tillatelse. Det er poenget som "
"de kontrollen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Constraining Innovators"
msgstr "Begrensende innovators"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty story—creativity "
"kritisk til hva synes å være omtrent alt. og hvis du tror at du kanskje tror "
"det er lite i denne historien å bekymre deg over."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense. Indeed, "
"\"fritt marked\" hvert sted som jeg har omtalt \"gratis kultur.\" poenget er "
"det samme, selv om interesser som påvirker kultur er mer grunnleggende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the same "
"regulering aktiverer bare de kraftige industriene i dag for å beskytte seg "
"mot konkurrenter i morgen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Barry, Hank"
msgstr "Barry, Hank"
#. PAGE BREAK 198
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "
-"that I described in chapter 10. The consequence of this massive threat of "
-"liability tied to the murky boundaries of copyright law is that innovators "
-"who want to innovate in this space can safely innovate only if they have the "
-"sign-off from last generation's dominant industries. That lesson has been "
-"taught through a series of cases that were designed and executed to teach "
-"venture capitalists a lesson. That lesson—what former Napster CEO Hank "
-"Barry calls a \"nuclear pall\" that has fallen over the Valley—has "
-"been learned."
+"that I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"property-i\"/>. The consequence of this massive threat of liability tied "
+"to the murky boundaries of copyright law is that innovators who want to "
+"innovate in this space can safely innovate only if they have the sign-off "
+"from last generation's dominant industries. That lesson has been taught "
+"through a series of cases that were designed and executed to teach venture "
+"capitalists a lesson. That lesson—what former Napster CEO Hank Barry "
+"calls a \"nuclear pall\" that has fallen over the Valley—has been "
+"learned."
msgstr ""
"Dette er single mest dramatiske effekten av skiftet i regulatoriske strategi "
"som jeg beskrevet i kapittel 10. konsekvens av denne massiv trussel av "
"ceo hank barry kaller en \"kjernefysisk pall\" som har falt over dalen—"
"har blitt lært."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning I told in "
"fortalt i fremtiden for idéer og som har kommet i en måte at selv jeg "
"(pessimist extraordinaire) ville aldri ha forutsett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com. MP3.com was "
"en arena for å distribuere sine kreativitet, uten å kreve en eksklusiv "
"engasjement fra skaperne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To make this system work, however, MP3.com needed a reliable way to "
"Hvis du liker lyle lovett, sannsynligvis du til å nyte bonnie raitt. og så "
"videre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This idea required a simple way to gather data about user preferences. MP3."
"com came up with an extraordinarily clever way to gather this preference "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 199
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No doubt some could use this system to illegally copy content. But that "
"innholdet de allerede eid, til å oppdage hva slags innhold som brukerne "
"likte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To make this system function, however, MP3.com needed to copy 50,000 CDs to "
"dette var 50 000 eksemplarer, det var 50,000 kopier som er rettet mot å gi "
"kunder noe de hadde allerede kjøpt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels, headed "
"saksøker, vivendi universal, betaler over $54 millioner. Vivendi kjøpt mp3."
"com omtrent et år senere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "That part of the story I have told before. Now consider its conclusion."
msgstr "Den delen av historien har jeg fortalt før. Nå kommer konklusjonen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a "
"krevde."
#. PAGE BREAK 200
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an unspecified "
"amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in the press) was to "
"også du. Så de av dere som tror loven burde være mindre restriktiv bør "
"innse at et slikt syn på loven vil koste deg og ditt firma dyrt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Hummer, John"
msgstr "Hummer, John"
#. f4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Joseph Menn, \"Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,\" <citetitle>Los "
"Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel argument about the "
"Times</citetitle>, 28 May 2001."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003, Universal "
"and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the venture capital firm "
"Rafe Needleman describes a discussion with BMW:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
msgid "BMW"
msgstr "BMW"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
msgstr "Needleman, Rafe"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" Business 2.0, 16 June "
-#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #43</"
-#| "ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this example. "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
"citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #43</ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this "
"example. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" Business 2.0, 16. juni 2003, "
+"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" <citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, 16. juni 2003, "
"tilgjengelig via <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #43</"
"ulink>. Jeg er Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli takknemlig mot for dette eksemplet. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in the car, "
"there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW engineers in Germany "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is the world of the mafia—filled with \"your money or your life\" "
"offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats that the law "
"selskap. Det blir helt umulig hvis selskapet er stadig truet av søksmål."
#. PAGE BREAK 201
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "
"kontrolleres av denne usikker og ubegrenset ansvar, har vi mye mindre "
"levende innovasjon og mye mindre kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair use. "
"å produsere en overregulatedregulated markedet."
#. PAGE BREAK 202
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The building of a permission culture, rather than a free culture, is the "
"innhold for å bruke loven til å regulere direkte teknologi på Internett slik "
"at det bedre beskytter innholdet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
"sier, vi bør bryte kneecaps av Internett."
#. f6.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"\"Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,\" GartnerG2 and the "
"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School (2003), "
msgstr ""
#. f7.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "GartnerG2, 26–27."
msgstr "gartnerg2, 2627."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The examples of this form of legislation are many. At the urging of the "
"content industry, some in Congress have threatened legislation that would "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 203
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In one sense, these solutions seem sensible. If the problem is the code, why "
"trolig være eclipsed av fremskritt rundt akkurat disse kravene."
#. f8.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See David McGuire, \"Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,\" Newsbytes, "
"se david mcguire, \"tech execs torget off over piratkopiering,\" newsbytes, "
"februar 2002 (underholdning)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In March 2002, a broad coalition of technology companies, led by Intel, "
"tried to get Congress to see the harm that such legislation would impose."
"should not do more harm than good."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is one more obvious way in which this war has harmed innovation—"
"Det er en tydeligere måte der denne krigen har skadet innovasjon - igjen, en "
"historie som vil være ganske kjent for fritt marked publikum."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright may be property, but like all property, it is also a form of "
"gjøres riktig, det fordeler skaperne og skader leeches. Når gjort galt, det "
"er regulering kraftig bruk å beseire konkurrenter."
-#. f9.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
-"Prometheus Books, 2001)."
+"Prometheus Books, 2001). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jessica litman, digitale copyright (amherst, n.y.: prometheus bøker, 2001)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"As I described in chapter 10, despite this feature of copyright as "
-"regulation, and subject to important qualifications outlined by Jessica "
-"Litman in her book <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle>,<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> overall this history of copyright is not bad. "
-"As chapter 10 details, when new technologies have come along, Congress has "
-"struck a balance to assure that the new is protected from the old. "
-"Compulsory, or statutory, licenses have been one part of that strategy. Free "
-"use (as in the case of the VCR) has been another."
+"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"property-i\"/>, despite this feature of copyright as regulation, and "
+"subject to important qualifications outlined by Jessica Litman in her book "
+"<citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle>,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> overall this history of copyright is not bad. As chapter 10 details, "
+"when new technologies have come along, Congress has struck a balance to "
+"assure that the new is protected from the old. Compulsory, or statutory, "
+"licenses have been one part of that strategy. Free use (as in the case of "
+"the VCR) has been another."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But that pattern of deference to new technologies has now changed with the "
"av smothering ny for å dra nytte av gamle."
#. f10.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The only circuit court exception is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry "
"gjennomføre for attenuated å gjøre distributøren ansvarlig for krenkelse av "
"medvirkende eller stedfortredende erstatningsansvar."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"For example, in July 2002, Representative Howard Berman introduced the Peer-"
"to-Peer Piracy Prevention Act (H.R. 5211), which would immunize copyright "
"#44</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It has been mirrored in the responses threatened and "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 204
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"As I described in chapter 4, when a radio station plays a song, the "
-"recording artist doesn't get paid for that \"radio performance\" unless he "
-"or she is also the composer. So, for example if Marilyn Monroe had recorded "
-"a version of \"Happy Birthday\"—to memorialize her famous performance "
-"before President Kennedy at Madison Square Garden— then whenever that "
+"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"pirates\"/>, when a radio station plays a song, the recording artist "
+"doesn't get paid for that \"radio performance\" unless he or she is also the "
+"composer. So, for example if Marilyn Monroe had recorded a version of "
+"\"Happy Birthday\"—to memorialize her famous performance before "
+"President Kennedy at Madison Square Garden— then whenever that "
"recording was played on the radio, the current copyright owners of \"Happy "
"Birthday\" would get some money, whereas Marilyn Monroe would not."
msgstr ""
"eierne av \"happy birthday\" ville få noen penger, mens marilyn monroe ville "
"ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The reasoning behind this balance struck by Congress makes some sense. The "
"ganske god til å stoppe enhver innsats for å få Kongressen til å kreve "
"kompensasjon for artistene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
"san francisco, selv om det er ingen måte for meg å stille inn på en vanlig "
"radiostasjon langt utover san francisco metropolitan area."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This feature of the architecture of Internet radio means that there are "
"millioner brukere over hele verden stilt inn på denne nye formen for radio."
#. PAGE BREAK 205
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Internet radio is thus to radio what FM was to AM. It is an improvement "
"for å aktivere fm-radio,"
#. f12.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Lessing, 239."
msgstr "Lessing, 239."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"An almost unlimited number of FM stations was possible in the shortwaves, "
"thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
msgstr ""
#. f13.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Ibid., 229."
msgstr "ibid., 229."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This potential for FM radio was never realized—not because Armstrong "
"was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> to retard the growth of this competing technology."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now the very same claim could be made about Internet radio. For again, there "
"hvilke opphavsrett regler ville styre Internett-radio?"
#. PAGE BREAK 206
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a new "
"nøytral mot Internett-radio—loven faktisk byrder Internettradio mer "
"enn det byrder bakkesendte radio."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CARP (Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"This example was derived from fees set by the original Copyright Arbitration "
"Royalty Panel (CARP) proceedings, and is drawn from an example offered by "
"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This financial burden is not slight. As Harvard law professor William Fisher "
"estimates, if an Internet radio station distributed adfree popular music to "
"broadcasting the same content would pay no equivalent fee."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were "
"foreslått, Internett-radiostasjonen (men ikke en terrestriske radiostasjon) "
"ville ha til å samle inn følgende data fra hver lytting transaksjon:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "name of the service;"
msgstr "navnet på tjenesten,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "channel of the program (AM/FM stations use station ID);"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "type of program (archived/looped/live);"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "date of transmission;"
msgstr "dato for overføring;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "time of transmission;"
msgstr "tidspunktet for overføring;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "time zone of origination of transmission;"
msgstr "tidssonen til opprinnelse av overføring;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"numeric designation of the place of the sound recording within the program;"
msgstr "numeriske angivelsen av i stedet for lydopptak programmet;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "duration of transmission (to nearest second);"
msgstr "varigheten av overføring (til nærmeste sekund):"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "sound recording title;"
msgstr "Lydinnspilling-tittel;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "ISRC code of the recording;"
msgstr "ISRC-koden på opptaket;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"release year of the album per copyright notice and in the case of "
"gi år av albumet per opphavsrett og når det gjelder samlealbum, utgivelsesår "
"av albumet og kopi høyre datoen for spor;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "featured recording artist;"
msgstr "anbefalte Plateartist;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "retail album title;"
msgstr "detaljhandel albumtittel;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "recording label;"
msgstr "plateselskap;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "UPC code of the retail album;"
msgstr "UPC koden for selge i detalj albumet;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "catalog number;"
msgstr "katalognummer;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "copyright owner information;"
msgstr "opphavsrettsinnehaveren informasjon;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "musical genre of the channel or program (station format);"
msgstr "musikksjanger av kanal eller -programmet (stasjon format);"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "name of the service or entity;"
msgstr "navnet på tjenesten eller selskap;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "channel or program;"
msgstr "kanal eller program;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "date and time that the user logged in (in the user's time zone);"
msgstr "datoen og klokkeslettet da brukeren logget på (i brukerens tidssone);"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "date and time that the user logged out (in the user's time zone);"
msgstr "datoen og klokkeslettet da brukeren logget ut (i brukerens tidssone);"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "time zone where the signal was received (user);"
msgstr "tidssone der signalet ble mottatt (bruker);"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Unique User identifier;"
msgstr "unik bruker identifikator;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "the country in which the user received the transmissions."
msgstr "landet som brukeren mottok sendinger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting requirements, "
"forskjellen mellom Internett-radio og bakkesendte radio gjenstår: Internett "
"radio har å betale en type opphavsrett gebyr som bakkesendte radio ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why? What justifies this difference? Was there any study of the economic "
"økonomiske konsekvensene fra Internett-radio som ville forsvare disse "
"forskjellene? var motivet å beskytte kunstnere mot piratkopiering?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious to "
"networks, meg:"
#. PAGE BREAK 208
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The RIAA, which was representing the record labels, presented some testimony "
"etablere markedet rate, og hvis du angir satsen så høyt, du kommer til å "
"drive små webcasters ut av business.... \""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And the RIAA experts said, \"Well, we don't really model this as an industry "
"eller sju store spillere som kan betale en høy hastighet, og det er en "
"stabil, forutsigbar marked.\" (vekt legges)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so that "
"praktisk talt ingen, enten til høyre eller venstre, som gjør noe effektivt "
"for å hindre den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Corrupting Citizens"
msgstr "ødelegge borgere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Overregulation stifles creativity. It smothers innovation. It gives "
"dinosaurer vetorett over fremtiden. det avfall ekstraordinær mulighet for en "
"demokratisk kreativitet som digital teknologi gjør det mulig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition to these important harms, there is one more that was important "
"rettssikkerhet."
#. f15.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, \"The Music Downloading Deluge,\" Pew Internet "
"and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink url=\"http://"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 209
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The war that is being waged today is a war of prohibition. As with every war "
"of prohibition, it is targeted against the behavior of a very large number "
msgstr ""
#. f16.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alex Pham, \"The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA Case,\" "
"Alex pham, \"etikettene streik tilbake: ny jente settles riaa tilfelle,\" "
"los angeles times, 10 september 2003, business."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The content industry's tactics exploit the failings of the American legal "
"system. When the RIAA brought suit against Jesse Jordan, it knew that in "
msgstr ""
#. f17.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, \"Alcohol Consumption During "
"amerikanske økonomiske anmeldelse 81, no. 2 (1991): 242."
#. f18.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"National Drug Control Policy: Hearing Before the House Government Reform "
"direktør for nasjonale narkotikapolitikken kontroll)."
#. f19.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, \"Tax Compliance,\" "
"journal av økonomiske litteratur 36 (1998): 818 (undersøkelse av samsvar "
"litteratur)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
"more extreme than anything we've seen before. We experimented with alcohol "
"result, a huge proportion of Americans regularly violate at least some law."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
"liv både normalt og lovlig, siden \"normalt\" innebærer en viss grad av "
"illegality."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The response to this general illegality is either to enforce the law more "
"vurdere alternativet."
#. PAGE BREAK 211
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My point is not the idiotic one: Just because people violate a law, we "
"mening, siden drap er galt hver dag i uken. et samfunn er rett å utestenge "
"drap alltid og overalt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My point is instead one that democracies understood for generations, but "
"alder siden Internett innført denne annen idé om \"deling.\" vi trenger å "
"kunne ringe disse fem millioner amerikanere \"borgere,\" ikke \"felons\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When at least forty-three million citizens download content from the "
"felons? betyr det fornuftig hvis det finnes andre måter å sikre at artister "
"får betalt uten å transformere Amerika til en nasjon av felons?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "This abstract point can be made more clear with a particular example."
msgstr "Denne abstrakte punkt kan gjøres mer tydelig med en bestemt eksempel."
#. PAGE BREAK 212
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We all own CDs. Many of us still own phonograph records. These pieces of "
"opphavsrett for meg å selge min klassisk poster på en brukte platebutikk og "
"kjøpe jazz poster hvis du vil erstatte dem. \"Bruk\" av opptak er gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
"foreslå at \"friheten\" var en rett: i en rekke reklamefilmer, apple "
"godkjent \"rip, mikse, brenne\" kapasiteter digitale teknologier."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Adromeda"
msgstr "Adromeda"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This \"use\" of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a large "
"uavhengig verdifull. samlinger av sanger er kreative og meningsfull i egen "
"rett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This use is enabled by unprotected media—either CDs or records. But "
"identifisere rippede innhold på folks maskiner."
#. PAGE BREAK 213
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If these technologies took off, then the building of large archives of your "
"plast eller var del av en svært kompleks \"digital rights management\" "
"systemet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If the only way to assure that artists get paid were the elimination of the "
"andre ord, et annet system kan forsikre kompensasjon til kunstnere samtidig "
"som du beholder også bevege innhold lett?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My point just now is not to prove that there is such a system. I offer a "
"med andre ord, ville ikke være mellom eiendom og piratkopiering; valget "
"ville være mellom forskjellige eiendom systemer og frihetene hver tillatt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I believe there is a way to assure that artists are paid without turning "
"ikke lenger utøve denne ekstreme av kontroll. de ville heller gå veien for "
"hest trukket buggy."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Except that this generation's buggy manufacturers have already saddled "
"konkurranse. for dem er valget mellom fortythree millioner amerikanere som "
"kriminelle og deres egen overlevelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable "
"prosentandel av befolkningen i kriminelle.\" Dette er sikkerhetsstillelse "
"skader på borgerrettigheter vanligvis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "von Lohmann, Fred"
msgstr "von Lohmann, Fred"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"\"If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,\" von Lohmann explains, "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
"\"Hvis du kan behandle noen som en antatt lovbryter,\" forklarer von "
"Lohmann, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "
"å slå en bemerkelsesverdig prosent av den amerikanske internett-bruker "
"befolkningen i \"lawbreakers.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And the consequence of this transformation of the American public into "
"til kriminelle er at den blir triviell, som et spørsmål om grunn prosessen "
"til å effektivt viske ut mye av personvernet mest ville anta."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Users of the Internet began to see this generally in 2003 as the RIAA "
"det hele tatt, er identiteten til en Internett-bruker avslørt."
#. f20.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in "
"2003, c1; Margo varadi, \"er brianna en kriminell?\" toronto star, 18 "
"september 2003, p7."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The RIAA then expanded this campaign, by announcing a general strategy to "
"sue individual users of the Internet who are alleged to have downloaded "
msgstr ""
#. f21.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See \"Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses Some "
"Methods Used,\" CNN.com, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #47</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Even this understates the espionage that is being waged by the RIAA. A "
"report from CNN late last summer described a strategy the RIAA had adopted "
msgstr ""
#. f22.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Jeff Adler, \"Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not Penitent,\" "
"<citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City Weekly, 1; Frank "
"September 2000, 3D."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"So imagine the following not-implausible scenario: Imagine a friend gives a "
"CD to your daughter—a collection of songs just like the cassettes you "
"expelled."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now, of course, she'll have the right to defend herself. You can hire a "
"uskyld forsvinne i midten av krigene om forbud. denne krigen er ikke "
"annerledes. sier von sang,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So when we're talking about numbers like forty to sixty million Americans "
"glatt skråning å miste mye av borgerrettigheter for alle førti til seksti "
"millioner av dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When forty to sixty million Americans are considered \"criminals\" under the "
"våre egne folk eller en felles innsats gjennom vårt demokrati for å endre "
"vår lov?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "BALANCES"
msgstr "Maktfordeling"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"So here's the picture: You're standing at the side of the road. Your car is "
"on fire. You are angry and upset because in part you helped start the fire. "
"hvordan du slokker den. Ved siden av deg er en bøtte, fylt med bensin. "
"Bensin vil åpenbart ikke slukke brannen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"As you ponder the mess, someone else comes along. In a panic, she grabs the "
"bucket. Before you have a chance to tell her to stop—or before she "
"tur mot den brennende bilen. Og brannen som bensinen kommer til å fyre opp "
"vil straks sette fyr på alt i omgivelsene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"A war about copyright rages all around—and we're all focusing on the "
"wrong thing. No doubt, current technologies threaten existing businesses. "
"seg selv vil brenne ut."
#. PAGE BREAK 219
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Yet policy makers are not willing to leave this fire to itself. Primed with "
"plenty of lobbyists' money, they are keen to intervene to eliminate the "
"mens vi ser på denne lille brannen i hjørnet er det en massiv endring i "
"hvordan kultur blir skapt som pågår over alt. "
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Somehow we have to find a way to turn attention to this more important and "
"fundamental issue. Somehow we have to find a way to avoid pouring gasoline "
"viktige og fundametale problemet. Vi må finne en måte å unngå å helle "
"bensin på denne brannen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"We have not found that way yet. Instead, we seem trapped in a simpler, "
"binary view. However much many people push to frame this debate more "
"som består. Vi kjører sakte forbi og stirrer på brannen når vi i stedet "
"burde holde øynene på veien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This challenge has been my life these last few years. It has also been my "
"failure. In the two chapters that follow, I describe one small brace of "
"må forstå disse mislyktede forsøkene hvis vi skal forstå hva som kreves for "
"å lykkes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Eldred"
msgstr "Kapittel tretten: Eldred"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1995, a father was frustrated that his daughters didn't seem to like "
"koblinger til bilder og forklarende tekst, ville gjøre av 1800-tallet "
"forfatterens arbeid blir levende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It didn't work—at least for his daughters. They didn't find Hawthorne "
"skanning disse verkene og gjøre dem tilgjengelig gratis."
#. PAGE BREAK 221
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Eldred's library was not simply a copy of certain public domain works, "
"eldred transformert hawthorne, og mange andre, til et skjema som er mer "
"tilgjengelig—teknisk tilgjengelig—i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Eldred's freedom to do this with Hawthorne's work grew from the same source "
"disse er alle kommersielle publikasjoner av offentlige verker."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's a parallel here with pornography that is a bit hard to describe, but "
"en tro det minst like viktig å beskytte eldreds av verden som beskytter ikke-"
"kommersiell pornographers."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The Internet created the possibility of noncommercial publications of public "
"domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
"culture generally.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "
"of poems <citetitle>New Hampshire</citetitle> was slated to pass into the "
"public domain. Eldred wanted to post that collection in his free public "
-"library. But Congress got in the way. As I described in chapter 10, in "
-"1998, for the eleventh time in forty years, Congress extended the terms of "
-"existing copyrights—this time by twenty years. Eldred would not be "
-"free to add any works more recent than 1923 to his collection until 2019. "
-"Indeed, no copyrighted work would pass into the public domain until that "
-"year (and not even then, if Congress extends the term again). By contrast, "
-"in the same period, more than 1 million patents will pass into the public "
-"domain."
+"library. But Congress got in the way. As I described in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, in 1998, for the "
+"eleventh time in forty years, Congress extended the terms of existing "
+"copyrights—this time by twenty years. Eldred would not be free to add "
+"any works more recent than 1923 to his collection until 2019. Indeed, no "
+"copyrighted work would pass into the public domain until that year (and not "
+"even then, if Congress extends the term again). By contrast, in the same "
+"period, more than 1 million patents will pass into the public domain."
msgstr ""
"som jeg sa, bor eldred i new hampshire. i 1998, var robert frost samling av "
"dikt i new hampshire slated skjedde i public domain. Eldred ønsket å legge "
"mer enn 1 million patenter passere i public domain."
#. f2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The full text is: \"Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of copyright protection to "
"forslag til et uttrykk til å vare evig mindre en dag. Komiteen kan kanskje "
"se på at neste Kongressen,\"144 cong. REC h9946, 9951-2 (7. oktober 1998)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
"memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Eldred decided to fight this law. He first resolved to fight it through "
"gjøre eldred en forbryter—om noen klaget. Dette var en farlig strategi "
"for en deaktivert programmerer å gjennomføre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was here that I became involved in Eldred's battle. I was a "
"av Grunnloven, hadde det alltid slo meg som viktigere forskjellige. som du "
"vet, Grunnloven sier,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science . . . by securing "
"Kongressen har makt til å fremme utviklingen av vitenskap... ved å sikre for "
"begrenset ganger til forfattere... eksklusive rett til deres... skrifter...."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
"\"fremme... fremgang\"—gjennom betyr at er også spesifikke—av "
"\"sikre\" \"enerett\" (det vil si opphavsrett) \"for begrenset ganger.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Jaszi, Peter"
msgstr "Jaszi, Peter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
"evigvarende vilkår \"på avbetaling plan,\" som professor peter jaszi så pent "
"sette den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As an academic, my first response was to hit the books. I remember sitting "
"være villig til å betale mye penger å se sine opphavsrett vilkår utvidet. og "
"så congress er ganske fornøyd med å holde denne Kjøttsaft tog går."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of government. "
"begrense handlingene til disse tingene det må gjøre— og de tingene som "
"betaler? forlengelse av lønner seg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If that's not obvious to you, consider the following: Say you're one of the "
"utvidelse av opphavsrett, siden ingen publisher vil betale eiendom noen "
"penger hvis dikt frost skrev publiseres av alle gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So imagine the Robert Frost estate is earning $100,000 a year from three of "
"rådgiver kommer til din styremøte med en svært dystre rapport:"
#. PAGE BREAK 224
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Next year,\" the adviser announces, \"our copyrights in works A, B, and C "
"utløpe. Det betyr at etter neste år, vi vil ikke lenger motta årlige royalty "
"kontroll av $100.000 fra utgivere av disse fungerer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"There's a proposal in Congress, however,\" she continues, \"that could "
"tjue år. at regningen ville være ekstremt verdifullt for oss. så vi bør håpe "
"passerer denne regningen.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Hope?\" a fellow board member says. \"Can't we be doing something about it?"
msgstr ""
"\"håper?\" styremedlem stipendiat sier. \"kan ikke vi gjøre noe med det?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Well, obviously, yes,\" the adviser responds. \"We could contribute to the "
"\"Vel, tydeligvis ja,\" rådgiver svarer. \"vi kunne bidra til kampanjene av "
"en rekke representanter å prøve å sikre at de støtter regningen.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "
"denne motbydelig praksis er verdt det. \"hvor mye ville vi få Hvis denne "
"utvidelsen ble passert?\" du be rådgiver. \"hvor mye er det verdt?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Well,\" the adviser says, \"if you're confident that you will continue to "
"vi bruker til å evaluere eiendom investeringer (6 prosent), og denne loven "
"vil være verdt $1,146,000 til eiendom.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You're a bit shocked by the number, but you quickly come to the correct "
msgstr ""
"du er litt sjokkert av nummeret, men du komme raskt til riktig konklusjon:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than $1,000,000 "
"kampanjen bidrag om vi var sikker på disse bidragene vil forsikre at "
"regningen ble sendt?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Absolutely,\" the adviser responds. \"It is worth it to you to contribute "
"som for oss betyr over $1,000,000.\""
#. PAGE BREAK 225
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You quickly get the point—you as the member of the board and, I trust, "
"filtypen. og så hver gang opphavsrett er om å opphøre, det er en enorm "
"mengde lobbyvirksomhet for å få opphavsrett begrepet utvidet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus a congressional perpetual motion machine: So long as legislation can be "
"ytterligere utvidelser av copyright."
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
-#| "Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
-#| "Chicago Tribune, 17 October 1998, 22."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17 October 1998, 22."
msgstr ""
"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
-"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" Chicago "
-"Tribune, 17. oktober 1998, 22."
+"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
+"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17. oktober 1998, 22."
#. f4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Nick Brown, \"Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,\" "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</ulink>."
"ulink>."
#. f5.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
-#| "Congressional Quarterly This Week, 8 August 1990, available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" Congressional "
-"Quarterly This Week, 8. august 1990, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
+"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
+"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8. august 1990, "
+"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</"
+"ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "
"Extension Act, this \"theory\" about incentives was proved real. Ten of the "
"campaigns in the cycle.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Constitutional law is not oblivious to the obvious. Or at least, it need not "
"forlenge det en gang, de ville utvide den igjen og igjen og igjen."
#. PAGE BREAK 226
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was also my judgment that <emphasis>this</emphasis> Supreme Court would "
"av denne trenden Høyesterett beslutning i 1995 å ramme en lov som forbød "
"besittelse av våpen i nærheten av skoler."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
"makt til å inkludere makt til å regulere alle aktiviteter som bare berørt "
"utdanningen handel."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As the economy grew, this standard increasingly meant that there was no "
"for å begrense Kongressens makt ble i stedet tolket for å innføre ingen "
"grense."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Rehnquist's command, changed that in "
"Kongressen."
#. f6.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>, 514 U."
msgstr "USA v. lopez, 514 amerikanske 549, 564 (1995)."
#. f7.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>, 529 "
"U.S. 598 (2000)."
msgstr "USA v. morrison, 529 amerikanske 598 (2000)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"\"We pause to consider the implications of the government's arguments,\" the "
"Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If anything "
msgstr ""
#. f8.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If it is a principle about enumerated powers, then the principle carries "
"\"begrenset ganger\" til tross for."
#. PAGE BREAK 227
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"If a principle were at work here, then it should apply to the Progress "
"Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"extend the term of existing copyrights."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>If</emphasis>, that is, the principle announced in "
"til undervisning statsrett Hvis disse ni justiariusene skulle være smålig "
"politikere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now let's pause for a moment to make sure we understand what the argument in "
"oss alle."
#. f9.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, <citetitle>Eldred</"
"citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) (No. "
"\">link #51</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
"Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "
"pirate's charter."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on copyright as a "
"perfekte stormen for public domain. opphavsrett er utløpt ikke, og utløper "
"ikke, så lenge congress er gratis kjøpes for å utvide dem igjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is valuable copyrights that are responsible for terms being extended. "
"lenger tilgjengelig som et resultat."
#. f10.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"The figure of 2 percent is an extrapolation from the study by the "
"Congressional Research Service, in light of the estimated renewal ranges. "
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #52</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"If you look at the work created in the first twenty years (1923 to 1942) "
"affected by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, 2 percent of that "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 229
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Think practically about the consequence of this extension—practically, "
"for verden i iarchive prosjektet gjenværende 9,873. Hva ville du trenger å "
"gjøre?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Well, first, you'd have to determine which of the 9,873 books were still "
"og fornyelse postene for verk utgitt i 1930. som vil produsere en liste over "
"bøker som fortsatt under opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Then for the books still under copyright, you would need to locate the "
"deretter for bøkene fortsatt under opphavsrett trenger du å finne gjeldende "
"opphavsrett eiere. How 'd du gjøre det?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Most people think that there must be a list of these copyright owners "
"være tusenvis og tusenvis av regjeringen monopoler uten det er minst en "
"liste?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But there is no list. There may be a name from 1930, and then in 1959, of "
"slike poster—spesielt siden personen som registrert ikke er "
"nødvendigvis gjeldende eier. og vi snakker bare om 1930!"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,\" the apologists "
"apologists for systemet svarer. \"Hvorfor skulle det være en liste over "
"eiere av opphavsretter?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Well, actually, if you think about it, there <emphasis>are</emphasis> plenty "
"vite hvem som eier hvilke konkrete-egenskapen."
#. PAGE BREAK 230
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So: You walk down a street and see a house. You can know who owns the house "
"der eieren vi ikke finner lett. Det er unntaket som beviser regelen: at vi "
"vanligvis vet svært godt hvem som eier hva egenskapen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Compare this story to intangible property. You go into a library. The "
"vårt, der er det en forbrytelse å bruke slike eiendom uten egenskapen "
"eierens tillatelse, egenskapen er ikke skal brukes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The consequence with respect to old books is that they won't be digitized, "
"vil bare rot bort på hyller. men konsekvensen for andre kreative verker er "
"mye mer dire."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Agee, Michael"
msgstr "Agee, Michael"
#. f11.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See David G. Savage, \"High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright Law,\" "
"dag på støtning ned opphavsrett forlengelsen,\"orlando sentinel tribune, 9 "
"oktober 2002."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Lucky Dog, The"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Consider the story of Michael Agee, chairman of Hal Roach Studios, which "
"owns the copyrights for the Laurel and Hardy films. Agee is a direct "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet Agee opposed the CTEA. His reasons demonstrate a rare virtue in this "
"generasjon av american film."
#. PAGE BREAK 231
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"His argument is straightforward. A tiny fraction of this work has any "
"overskride kostnadene ved å gjøre arbeidet tilgjengelig for distribusjon."
#. f12.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Brief of Hal Roach Studios and Michael Agee as Amicus Curiae Supporting the "
"Petitoners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</"
"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #53</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"We can't know the benefits, but we do know a lot about the costs. For most "
"of the history of film, the costs of restoring film were very high; digital "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Restoration technology is not the only cost, nor the most important. "
"rettighetene. og for å sikre rettighetene for en film som er under "
"opphavsrett, du trenger å finne eieren av opphavsretten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Or more accurately, <emphasis>owners</emphasis>. As we've seen, there isn't "
"kan holde rettigheter, som viser seg for å være et svært stort tall. dermed "
"kostnadene ved å fjerne rettighetene til disse filmene er usedvanlig høy."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
"advokat er det samme som å si du ikke gjøre noen penger."
#. PAGE BREAK 232
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For some films, the benefit of releasing the film may well exceed these "
"agee hevdet, filmen vil ikke bli restaurert og distribuert til opphavsretten "
"utløper."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But by the time the copyright for these films expires, the film will have "
"tid. de vil være borte, og metall canisters der de er nå lagret bli fylt med "
"noe mer enn støv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Of all the creative work produced by humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has "
"incentiver til å produsere og distribuere skapende arbeid. for at liten "
"brøkdel fungerer opphavsretten som en \"motoren i fri ytring.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But even for that tiny fraction, the actual time during which the creative "
"faller ut av tjeneste med kommersielle distributører, kommersiell levetid "
"slutter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet that doesn't mean the life of the creative work ends. We don't keep "
"trenger vi å ha tilgang til denne historien."
#. PAGE BREAK 233
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyrights in this context do not drive an engine of free expression. In "
"uttrykksmåter. i denne sammenheng er det ikke behov for en eksklusiv rett. "
"opphavsrettigheter i denne konteksten ikke nytter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet, for most of our history, they also did little harm. For most of our "
"opphavsretten noe. dermed var vanlig bruk av en bok etter sin kommersiell "
"levetid avsluttet en bruk som var uavhengig av lov om opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same was effectively true of film. Because the costs of restoring a "
"arkivert for litt, men det var slutten av sitt liv så lenge markedet ikke "
"har mer å tilby."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In other words, though copyright has been relatively short for most of our "
"sin kommersiell verdi. lang opphavsretten for disse arbeider ville ikke har "
"interfered med noe."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "But this situation has now changed."
msgstr "men denne situasjonen er nå endret."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"One crucially important consequence of the emergence of digital technologies "
"kultur, mens før det ikke var."
#. PAGE BREAK 234
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And now copyright law does get in the way. Every step of producing this "
"som ønsker å utforske, er nå inhibited med et sett med regler som ble "
"skrevet for en radikalt annen sammenheng."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here is the core of the harm that comes from extending terms: Now that "
"spredning av kunnskap. i denne sammenheng er copyright ikke en motor gratis "
"uttrykksmåter. Copyright er en brems."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You may well ask, \"But if digital technologies lower the costs for Brewster "
"brewster kahle, deretter de vil lavere kostnader for random house, også. så "
"ikke random house gjøre samt brewster kahle i å spre kultur allment?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Maybe. Someday. But there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that "
"oss."
#. f13.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jason Schultz, \"The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,\" 20 "
"December 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"December 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #54</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I would be the first to agree that it should do as much as it can: We should "
"rely upon the market as much as possible to spread and enable culture. My "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In January 1999, we filed a lawsuit on Eric Eldred's behalf in federal "
"at utvide eksisterende vilkårene krenket av Grunnloven \"begrenset ganger\" "
"krav, og (2) at utvide vilkårene ved en annen tjue år krenket first endring."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The district court dismissed our claims without even hearing an argument. A "
"en av de mest konservative dommerne på at domstolen. at ga dissens livet "
"vårt krav."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "
"sentelle hevdet, ville være å nekte Kongressen makt til å utvide "
"eksisterende vilkår."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
"der domstolen skal sitte \"no banc\" for å høre tilfelle."
#. PAGE BREAK 236
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc. This "
"tatel. både den mest konservative og mest liberale dommere i DC-krets mente "
"Kongressen hadde overstepped sin grensene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was here that most expected Eldred v. Ashcroft would die, for the Supreme "
"og det praktisk talt aldri vurderinger en beslutning som opprettholder en "
"vedtekt når ingen andre domstolen har gjennomgått vedtektene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But in February 2002, the Supreme Court surprised the world by granting our "
"satt for oktober 2002. sommeren ville være utbrent skrive truser og "
"forberede for argumentet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is over a year later as I write these words. It is still astonishingly "
"årsaken. og ingen fra jordhaugen var mer betydelig for meg enn e-post fra "
"min klient, eric eldred."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But my client and these friends were wrong. This case could have been won. "
"It should have been won. And no matter how hard I try to retell this story "
"historien til meg selv, kan jeg aldri unnslippe troen på at det er min feil "
"at vi ikke vant."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Steward, Geoffrey"
msgstr "Steward, Geoffrey"
#. PAGE BREAK 237
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The mistake was made early, though it became obvious only at the very end. "
"Our case had been supported from the very beginning by an extraordinary "
"advokatfirmaer noen sinne ville gjøre), og ga alt de hadde gjennom hele "
"saken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Ayer, Don"
msgstr "Ayer, Don"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bromberg, Dan"
msgstr "Bromberg, Dan"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
"the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite involved. "
"dramatisk skade ble gjort til ytringsfriheten og fri kultur, ellers ville de "
"aldri stemt mot \"de mektigste mediaselskapene i verden\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
"konstitusjonelle basert på Grunnloven, ikke basert på om de likte verdiene "
"som underskrev de innlegge Grunnloven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In any case, I thought, the Court must already see the danger and the harm "
"forfatningsstridig."
#. PAGE BREAK 238
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There was one way, however, in which I felt politics would matter and in "
"troverdig ikke fordi de var rike og berømte, men fordi de, i samlet, vist at "
"denne loven var forfatningsstridig uavhengig av ens politikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Eagle Forum"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Schlafly, Phyllis"
msgstr "Schlafly, Phyllis"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The first step happened all by itself. Phyllis Schlafly's organization, "
"bidrag til sentrale aktører på komiteene. Det var penger, ikke "
"rettferdighet, som ga Mikke Mus tjue år i disney's kontroll, schlafly hevdet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the Court of Appeals, Eagle Forum was eager to file a brief supporting "
"grense for Kongressens makt til å angi vilkår. som sterkt konservativ "
"argumentet overtalt en sterk konservative dommer, dommer sentelle."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In the Supreme Court, the briefs on our side were about as diverse as it "
"gets. They included an extraordinary historical brief by the Free Software "
"Amendment scholars. There was an exhaustive and uncontroverted brief by the "
"world's experts in the history of the Progress Clause. And of course, there "
"was a new brief by Eagle Forum, repeating and strengthening its arguments. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
"arkiver, inkludert internet archive, american association av loven "
"biblioteker og den nasjonale forfattere unionen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the argument I've "
"ble truffet, en hel generasjon av american film ville forsvinne. den andre "
"gjort argumentet økonomiske helt klart."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Akerlof, George"
msgstr "Akerlof, George"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Arrow, Kenneth"
msgstr "Arrow, Kenneth"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Buchanan, James"
msgstr "Buchanan, James"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Coase, Ronald"
msgstr "Coase, Ronald"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Friedman, Milton"
msgstr "Friedman, Milton"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This economists' brief was signed by seventeen economists, including five "
"slike utvidelser var ingenting mer enn \"leie-søker\"—fancy sikt "
"økonomer bruk å beskrive spesielle interesser lovgivning gone wild."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Fried, Charles"
msgstr "Fried, Charles"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same effort at balance was reflected in the legal team we gathered to "
"hevdet mange tilfeller i domstol, og som hadde informert oss tidlig om en "
"første endring strategi; og endelig, tidligere advokat general charles stekt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor "
"posisjoner i Høyesterett som jeg personlig uenige med, hans begynte årsaken "
"var en stemme av tilliten i vår argumentet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "
"økonomer. truser på den andre siden av saken ble skrevet utelukkende av "
"store medieselskaper, congressmen og innehaver av opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The media companies were not surprising. They had the most to gain from the "
"ønsket å kontroll."
#. f14.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. "
"amerikanske (2003) (nr 01-618), 19."
#. f15.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Dinitia Smith, \"Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse Joins "
"dinitia smith, \"udødelig ord, udødelig royalties? selv Mikke Mus tiltrer "
"fray,\"new york times, 28 mars 1998, b7."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Gershwin, George"
msgstr "Gershwin, George"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
"Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work— better "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this debate. "
"snakke på en bestemt måte, det er akkurat hva den første endringen er "
"tradisjonelt ment å blokkere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We argued as much in a final brief. Not only would upholding the CTEA mean "
"februar og oktober var det lite jeg gjorde utover forbereder for denne "
"saken. tidlig som jeg sa, satt jeg strategien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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msgid ""
"The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "
"\"the Conservatives.\" The other we called \"the Rest.\" The Conservatives "
"limits."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Breyer, Stephen"
msgstr "Breyer, Stephen"
#. PAGE BREAK 242
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on "
"til disse fire justiariusene var stemmene som jeg personlig hadde mest "
"konsekvent avtalt med, var de også stemmene som vi var minst sannsynlig å få."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In particular, the least likely was Justice Ginsburg's. In addition to her "
"makt i denne sammenheng å gjøre som det ønsket, selv om hva Kongressen "
"ønsket gjort lite fornuftig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Close behind Justice Ginsburg were two justices whom we also viewed as "
"vi sterkt mente, det var en svært viktig ytringsfriheten argument mot disse "
"retrospektiv utvidelser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice Stevens. "
"argumentert for grenser i forbindelse med immaterielle generelt. Vi var "
"ganske trygg på han ville anerkjenne grenser her."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This analysis of \"the Rest\" showed most clearly where our focus had to be: "
"Kongressens makt må tolkes slik at dens nummerert kreftene har begrensninger."
#. PAGE BREAK 243
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This then was the core of our strategy—a strategy for which I am "
"eldred med lopez: Hvis Kongressens makt til å regulere handel var begrenset, "
"deretter så, også, congress's makt til å regulere copyright skal begrenses."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The argument on the government's side came down to this: Congress has done "
"så regjeringen hevdet, domstolen bør ikke nå si at praksis er "
"unconstitutional."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There was some truth to the government's claim, but not much. We certainly "
"regelmessig—betingelser elleve ganger i førti år."
#. PAGE BREAK 244
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But this \"consistency\" should be kept in perspective. Congress extended "
"slike \"moots\" er i utgangspunktet praksis runder, der wannabe "
"justiariusene brann spørsmål på wannabe vinnere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I was convinced that to win, I had to keep the Court focused on a single "
"følge: ikke utvide eksisterende vilkår. moots var en effektiv praksis, Jeg "
"har funnet måter å ta alle spørsmål tilbake til dette sentrale idéen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"One moot was before the lawyers at Jones Day. Don Ayer was the skeptic. He "
"stekt. Han hadde hevdet mange tilfeller før Høyesterett. og han la sin "
"bekymring snakke i sin anmeldelse av moot:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
"ikke noen sjanse til å vinne."
#. PAGE BREAK 245
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"He may have argued many cases before this Court, I thought, but he didn't "
"proceedings. score tilbragte natten på Høyesterett trinnene slik at de ville "
"være trygg på et sete."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Not everyone has to wait in line. People who know the Justices can ask for "
"ned ved bordet, så jeg jack valenti sitter i delen spesielle vanligvis "
"forbeholdt familie av de to andre justiariusene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When the Chief Justice called me to begin my argument, I began where I "
"sak om nummerert kreftene, jeg sa, og om de nummerert kreftene hadde noen "
"grense."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Justice O'Connor stopped me within one minute of my opening. The history "
"rettferdighet o'connor stoppet meg ett minutts min åpning. historien var "
"plaget henne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"justice o'connor: Congress has extended the term so often through the years, "
"utvidelser av tid? Jeg mener, dette synes å være en praksis som begynte med "
"svært første akt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"She was quite willing to concede \"that this flies directly in the face of "
"understreke begrensninger på Kongressens makt."
#. PAGE BREAK 246
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"mr. lessig: Well, if it flies in the face of what the framers had in mind, "
"så spørsmålet er, er det en måte å tolke sine ord som gir kraft til hva de "
"hadde i tankene, og svaret er Ja."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There were two points in this argument when I should have seen where the "
"Det var to poeng i dette argumentet når jeg burde ha sett hvor domstolen "
"skulle. Først var et spørsmål av rettferdighet kennedy, som observert,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"justice kennedy: Well, I suppose implicit in the argument that the '76 act, "
"avbrudd, er som for alle disse årene loven har hindret fremgang i vitenskap "
"og nyttig kunst. Jeg ser ikke noen empiriske bevis for dette."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here follows my clear mistake. Like a professor correcting a student, I "
msgstr ""
"Her følger min klart feil. som professor korrigere en student, svarte jeg,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"mr. lessig: Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all. Nothing "
"som er nødvendig for å sikre at det ville være et effektivt evigvarende sikt "
"ikke tillates under lover om opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That was a correct answer, but it wasn't the right answer. The right answer "
"skrevet om den. han ønsket å høre den. og her var sted don ayer's råd skal "
"ha mattered. Dette var en softball; mitt svar var en swing og en glipp."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The second came from the Chief, for whom the whole case had been crafted. "
"se denne saken som sin andre fetter."
#. PAGE BREAK 247
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was clear a second into his question that he wasn't at all sympathetic. "
"Det var klart en andre i sin spørsmålet at han ikke var på alle sympatisk. "
"til ham var vi en gjeng med anarkistene. så han spurte:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"chief justice: Well, but you want more than that. You want the right to copy "
"Chief justice: godt, men du ønsker mer enn som. du vil ha rett til å kopiere "
"ordrett andres bøker, ikke du?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"mr. lessig: We want the right to copy verbatim works that should be in the "
"kan begrunnes under vanlige første endring analyse eller under en riktig "
"lesing av grensene som er innebygd i setningsdelen opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Things went better for us when the government gave its argument; for now the "
"plukket opp på kjernen av våre krav. som rettferdighet spurte scalia advokat "
"generelt olson"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"justice scalia: You say that the functional equivalent of an unlimited time "
"[av Grunnloven], men det er nettopp argumentet som gjøres av petitioners "
"her, det en begrenset periode som er utvidbart er samme en ubegrenset tid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When Olson was finished, it was my turn to give a closing rebuttal. Olson's "
"retten til min side."
#. PAGE BREAK 248
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I left the court that day, I knew there were a hundred points I wished I "
"hadde svart på en annen måte. men en måte å tenke på dette tilfellet forlatt "
"meg optimistisk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The government had been asked over and over again, what is the limit? Over "
"ville konservative—føle seg begrenset av rettssikkerhet at det hadde "
"etablert andre steder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The morning of January 15, 2003, I was five minutes late to the office and "
"the hadde Høyesterett bekreftet avgjørelsen til court of appeals. syv "
"justiariusene hadde stemt i fleste. Det var to Dissensene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A few seconds later, the opinions arrived by e-mail. I took the phone off "
"postet en kunngjøring til vår blogg, og satte meg ned for å se hvor jeg "
"hadde vært feil i mitt resonnement."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. Here was a case that pitted all the money "
"resonnement. og her var den siste naivt lov professoren, scouring sider, på "
"jakt etter resonnement."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I first scoured the opinion, looking for how the Court would distinguish the "
"vårt tilfelle ikke engang vises i retten mening."
#. PAGE BREAK 249
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Justice Ginsburg simply ignored the enumerated powers argument. Consistent "
"konsekvent med hennes syn at Kongressen makt var ikke begrenset Generelt, "
"hun hadde funnet Kongressens makt ikke begrenset her."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Her opinion was perfectly reasonable—for her, and for Justice Souter. "
"skrive en uttalelse som gjenkjennes, mye mindre forklart, doktrine som de "
"hadde arbeidet så hardt for å beseire."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But as I realized what had happened, I couldn't quite believe what I was "
"sammenhengen, Kongressens makt ville være begrenset, men i denne sammenheng "
"vil det ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet by what right did they get to choose which of the framers' values they "
"system der domstolen får velge konstitusjonelle verdiene som det vil "
"respektere,."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Justices Breyer and Stevens wrote very strong dissents. Stevens's opinion "
"kostnad gå ubesvart."
#. PAGE BREAK 250
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Justice Breyer's opinion, perhaps the best opinion he has ever written, was "
"begrepet var så langt som å være effektivt ubegrenset, så det var "
"forfatningsstridig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These two justices understood all the arguments we had made. But because "
"har adressert argumentet om at vi hadde fraktet fra dommer sentelle. Det var "
"hamlet uten prinsen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Defeat brings depression. They say it is a sign of health when depression "
"måte å sinne. min vrede kom raskt, men det gjorde ikke kurere depresjon. "
"Dette sinne var inälvor."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was first anger with the five \"Conservatives.\" It would have been one "
"nå?"
#. PAGE BREAK 251
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here, they had joined an opinion that never once tried to explain what the "
"resultat som de likte. det ikke produsere en grunn som var i samsvar med sin "
"egen prinsipper."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My anger with the Conservatives quickly yielded to anger with myself. For I "
"mitt sinne med høyre raskt gitt til sinne med meg selv. for jeg hadde la en "
"visning av loven som jeg likte forstyrre en visning av loven som det er."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Most lawyers, and most law professors, have little patience for idealism "
"det bør også følge i popularitet."
#. PAGE BREAK 252
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I read back over the transcript from that argument in October, I can see "
"brukt et annet sted. Det var ikke grunnlag som en domstol bør avgjøre "
"problemet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it have "
"ha vært annerledes hvis don ayer hadde hevdet det? eller charles stekt? "
"eller kathleen sullivan?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court was not "
"mye mer å vise vårt samfunn hvorfor våre underskrev hadde rett. og når vi "
"gjør det, vil vi være i stand til å vise at domstolen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Maybe, but I doubt it. These Justices have no financial interest in doing "
"hvis jeg hadde trappet ned fra denne pen bilde av dispassionate "
"rettferdighet, jeg kunne har overbevist."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
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#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in January. "
"før det er."
#. PAGE BREAK 253
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After the argument and after the decision, Peter said to me, and publicly, "
"fordi det igjen en dum og skadelig lov. new york times skrev i sin "
"redaksjonell,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In effect, the Supreme Court's decision makes it likely that we are seeing "
"menneskeheten er en av grunnene til at vi lever i en tid med slike fruktbart "
"kreative gjære."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bolling, Ruben"
msgstr "Bolling, Ruben"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
"bolling, gjengis på neste side. linjen \"kraftige og velstående\" er en "
"smule urettferdig. Men slag i ansiktet følte akkurat sånn."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "
"engasjement for fri kultur. i tilfelle at jeg far, avkall Høyesterett "
"effektivt at satsing. ha ville gjort en bedre advokat dem se annerledes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Eldred II"
msgstr "Kapittel fjorten: Eldred II"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The day <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was decided, fate would have it that I "
"forsinket på grunn av trafikk, så jeg åpnet opp min datamaskin, og skrev en "
"op-ed brikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
"politikk."
#. PAGE BREAK 256
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> published the piece. In it, I "
"gebyret, fikk han fordelen med full sikt av opphavsrett. Hvis han ikke "
"gjorde bestått arbeidet i public domain."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
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+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We called this the Eldred Act, but that was just to give it a name. Eric "
"eldred var slag nok å la hans navn brukes igjen, men som han sa tidlig, det "
"vil ikke få gått med mindre det er et annet navn."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "
"av kunnskap. La det for så lenge Kongressen tillater for disse arbeider der "
"er verdt minst $1. men for alt annet, kan du la til innhold gå."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
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msgid "Forbes, Steve"
msgstr "Forbes, Steve"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The reaction to this idea was amazingly strong. Steve Forbes endorsed it in "
"demokratene og republikanerne på dette problemet. noen kan gjenkjenne de "
"dumme skader som dagens ordning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Indeed, many recognized the obvious benefit of the registration "
"systemet vil redusere disse kostnadene ved å etablere minst én registret der "
"eiere av opphavsretter kan identifiseres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Berlin Act (1908)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Berne Convention (1908)"
msgstr "Bern-konvensjonen (1908)"
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the Berne Convention, national copyright "
"anonym eller pseudonymous fungerer. Paul goldstein, lovgivning for "
"immaterielle, saker og materialer (new york: foundation press, 2001), 15354."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"As I described in chapter 10, formalities in copyright law were removed in "
-"1976, when Congress followed the Europeans by abandoning any formal "
-"requirement before a copyright is granted.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/> The Europeans are said to view copyright as a \"natural right.\" "
-"Natural rights don't need forms to exist. Traditions, like the Anglo-"
-"American tradition that required copyright owners to follow form if their "
-"rights were to be protected, did not, the Europeans thought, properly "
-"respect the dignity of the author. My right as a creator turns on my "
-"creativity, not upon the special favor of the government."
+"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"property-i\"/>, formalities in copyright law were removed in 1976, when "
+"Congress followed the Europeans by abandoning any formal requirement before "
+"a copyright is granted.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The "
+"Europeans are said to view copyright as a \"natural right.\" Natural rights "
+"don't need forms to exist. Traditions, like the Anglo-American tradition "
+"that required copyright owners to follow form if their rights were to be "
+"protected, did not, the Europeans thought, properly respect the dignity of "
+"the author. My right as a creator turns on my creativity, not upon the "
+"special favor of the government."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
"kreativitet\" er ødelagt når det er ingen enkel måte å vite hva er beskyttet "
"og hva som ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The fight against formalities achieved its first real victory in Berlin in "
"charles dickens tegn kjørte alle opphavsrett kontorer, og unnlatelse av å "
"dot en i eller på tvers av en t ført til tap av enker eneste inntekt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These complaints were real and sensible. And the strictness of the "
"formaliteter helt, burde svaret i berlin vært å omfavne en mer rettferdig "
"system for registrering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Even that would have been resisted, however, because registration in the "
"unødvendig regulatoriske belastning påtvang skapere."
#. PAGE BREAK 258
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition to the practical complaint of authors in 1908, there was a moral "
"alle som ville stjele tabellen, om han har informert regjeringen av sitt "
"eierskap av tabellen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This argument is correct, but its implications are misleading. For the "
"formaliteter svarer på spesielle fysikk av kreative eiendom, å sikre at det "
"kan være effektivt og ganske spredt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No one thinks, for example, that land is second-class property just because "
"eiendommen eier, men de byrdene produserer et mye bedre system av "
"beskyttelse for egenskapen generelt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is similarly special physics that makes formalities important in "
"hvilke rettigheter han har. enkle transaksjoner er ødelagt i en verden uten "
"formaliteter. komplisert, dyrt, advokat transaksjoner ta sin plass."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "
"fjorten år, ville under underskrev system, et arbeid presumptively "
"kontrolleres. etter fjorten år, ville det være presumptively ukontrollerte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But now that copyrights can be just about a century long, the inability to "
"systemet bebyrde kreativitet på en måte som aldri har vært sett før fordi "
"det er ingen formaliteter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Eldred Act was designed to respond to exactly this problem. If it is "
"tillatelse hvis de vil bruke arbeidet. og du vil få nytte av en utvidet "
"opphavsrett sikt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If it isn't worth it to you to register to get the benefit of an extended "
"der alle kan kopiere den, eller bygge arkivet med det eller opprette en film "
"basert på den. Det bør bli gratis hvis det ikke er verdt $1 for deg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Some worry about the burden on authors. Won't the burden of registering the "
"work mean that the $1 is really misleading? Isn't the hassle worth more than "
"registrering?"
#. PAGE BREAK 260
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is. The hassle is terrible. The system that exists now is awful. I "
"fungerer som ikke lenger hadde en kommersiell levetid, i public domain innen "
"femti år. hva tror du?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When Steve Forbes endorsed the idea, some in Washington began to pay "
"attention. Many people contacted me pointing to representatives who might be "
"introdusere en Eldred-lov. og jeg hadde noen få som foreslo direkte at de "
"kan være villige til å ta det første skrittet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Lofgren, Zoe"
msgstr "Lofgren, Zoe"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
"bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
"generell reaksjon i blogg-samfunnet om at noe godt kunne skje her. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But at this stage, the lobbyists began to intervene. Jack Valenti and the "
"om."
#. PAGE BREAK 261
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The MPAA argued first that Congress had \"firmly rejected the central "
"skjedde i public domain. men hva risikoen er at? Hvis det er allemannseie, "
"deretter er filmen en gyldig avledet bruk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, the MPAA argued that existing law enabled copyright owners to do "
"er fri til å gi bort deres copyright eller ikke—kontroversielle krav i "
"alle fall—hvis de ikke kjenner om opphavsretten, sannsynligvis de ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the beginning of this book, I told two stories about the law reacting to "
"tilfelle gjorde de interessen har makt til å beskytte seg mot denne nye "
"konkurransedyktig trusselen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I used these two cases as a way to frame the war that this book has been "
"about. For here, too, a new technology is forcing the law to react. And "
"sunne fornuften?"
#. PAGE BREAK 262
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When the issue is piracy, it is right for the law to back the copyright "
"hollywood: de fleste folk ikke gjenkjenner årsakene til å begrense "
"opphavsrett vilkår; Det er derfor fremdeles mulig å se god tro i motstanden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But when the copyright owners oppose a proposal such as the Eldred Act, "
"verden. så når warriors motsette en endring som dette, bør vi ber ett enkelt "
"spørsmål:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid "What does this industry really want?"
msgstr "Hva ønsker denne industrien egentlig?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"With very little effort, the warriors could protect their content. So the "
"innhold som ikke er kommersielt kontrollert, og at det vil være ingen "
"kommersiell bruk av innhold som ikke krever at deres tillatelse først."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
"er deres."
#. PAGE BREAK 263
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is not hard to understand why the warriors take this view. It is not hard "
"som er koblet til et offentlig som nå har mulighet til å opprette med det og "
"dele sin egen etablering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What is hard to understand is why the public takes this view. It is as if "
"at disse eksterne og glemt innehaver av opphavsrett kan blokkere fremdriften "
"for andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "
msgstr "Braithwaite, John"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns "
-#| "the Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgid ""
-"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: "
-"<citetitle>Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New "
-"Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism: "
+"Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
+"37. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Peter Drahos og John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns the "
-"Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Se Peter Drahos og John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: <citetitle>Who "
+"Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
+"37. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), Patent Protection "
-#| "and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a Report "
-#| "Prepared for the World Intellectual Property Organization (Washington, D."
-#| "C., 2000), 15."
msgid ""
"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
"Report Prepared for the World Intellectual Property Organization</citetitle> "
"(Washington, D.C., 2000), 15."
msgstr ""
-"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), Patent Protection and "
-"Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, en rapport "
-"forberedt for the World Intellectual Property Organization (Washington, D."
-"C., 2000), 15."
+"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
+"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, en "
+"rapport forberedt for the World Intellectual Property Organization</"
+"citetitle> (Washington, D.C., 2000), 15."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. f6.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" Washington Post, "
-#| "August 2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on `Open Source' "
-#| "Meeting Spurs Stir,\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August "
-#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</"
-#| "ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,"
-#| "\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August 2003, available at "
-#| "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" <citetitle>Washington "
"Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" Washington Post, august "
+"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, august "
"2003, E1, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on `Open Source' Meeting "
-"Spurs Stir,\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19. august 2003, "
+"Spurs Stir,\" <citetitle>National Journal's Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19. august 2003, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</"
"ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" "
-"National Journal's Technology Daily, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra "
+"<citetitle>National Journal's Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra "
"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. f8.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
-#| "sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
-#| "\"open source\" software or software in the public domain. Microsoft's "
-#| "principal opposition is to \"free software\" licensed under a \"copyleft"
-#| "\" license, meaning a license that requires the licensee to adopt the "
-#| "same terms on any derivative work. See Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of "
-#| "Software: Enabling the Marketplace to Decide,\" Government Policy Toward "
-#| "Open Source Software (Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for "
-#| "Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy "
-#| "Research, 2002), 69, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-#| "notes/\">link #62</ulink>. See also Craig Mundie, Microsoft senior vice "
-#| "president, The Commercial Software Model, discussion at New York "
-#| "University Stern School of Business (3 May 2001), available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
"sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with \"open "
"lisensiert med en \"copyleft\"-lisens, som betyr at lisensen krever at de "
"som lisensierer skal adoptere same vilkår for ethvert avledet verk. Se "
"Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of Software: Enabling the Marketplace to "
-"Decide,\" Government Policy Toward Open Source Software (Washington, D.C.: "
+"Decide,\" <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source Software</citetitle> (Washington, D.C.: "
"AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise "
"Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), 69, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</ulink>. Se også Craig Mundie, "
-"Microsoft senior vice president, The Commercial Software Model, diskusjon "
+"Microsoft senior vice president, <citetitle>The Commercial Software Model</citetitle>, diskusjon "
"ved New York University Stern School of Business (3. mai 2001), tilgjengelig "
"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
"\"free software\"—and IBM is emphatically a commercial entity. Thus, "
"to support \"open source and free software\" is not to oppose commercial "
"entities. It is, instead, to support a mode of software development that is "
-"different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jeg mener ikke å gå inn i den debatten her. Det er viktig kun for å gjøre "
"det klart at skillet ikke er mellom kommersiell og ikke-kommersiell "
"aktør. Dermed er det å støtte \"fri programvare\" ikke å motsette seg "
"kommersielle aktører. Det er i stedet å støtte en måte å drive "
"programvareutvikling som er forskjellig fra Microsofts.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 272
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
"som kunne forstyrre denne kontrollen."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Drahos with Braithwaite, Information Feudalism, 210–20. "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
"210–20. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Drahos og Braithwaite, Information Feudalism, 210–20. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Se Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
+"210–20. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. f11.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, September "
-#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #65</"
-#| "ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, 8 "
-#| "September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha and Phyllis Furman with Robert Gearty, "
-#| "\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" New "
-#| "York Daily News, 9 September 2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits "
-#| "Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. "
-#| "Among Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10 September 2003, E1; Katie Dean, "
-#| "\"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" Wired News, 10 September 2003, "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</"
-#| "ulink>."
msgid ""
"John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, September "
"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #65</"
"#65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, "
"8 september 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha og Phyllis Furman sammen med Robert Gearty, "
-"\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" New York "
-"Daily News, 9. september 2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet "
+"\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" <citetitle>New York "
+"Daily News<citetitle>, 9. september 2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet "
"Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among "
-"Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10. september 2003, E1; Katie Dean, "
-"\"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" Wired News, 10. september 2003, "
+"Defendants,\" <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, E1; Katie Dean, "
+"\"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" <citetitle>Wired News</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</"
"ulink>."
"Universiteter truer med å utvise ungdommer som bruker en datamaskin for å "
"dele innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Creative Commons"
msgstr "Creative Commons"
"således, i den andre delen nedenfor jeg skissere endringer som Kongressen "
"kan gjøre for å sikre bedre en fri kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "US, NOW"
msgstr "Oss, nå"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><para>
msgid ""
"Common sense is with the copyright warriors because the debate so far has "
"been framed at the extremes—as a grand either/or: either property or "
"the choice, then the warriors should win."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
"du ønsker, uavhengig av om du har tillatelse eller ikke."
#. PAGE BREAK 282
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
"Internett var \"ingen rettigheter reservert.\" innhold ble \"tatt\" "
"uavhengig av rettighetene. alle rettigheter som var effektivt ubeskyttet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
"Internett i dag vil bli en \"få tillatelse til å klippe og lime\" verden som "
"er en creator mareritt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What's needed is a way to say something in the middle—neither \"all "
"gratis innhold som de ønsker. med andre ord, trenger vi en måte å "
"gjenopprette et sett med andre friheter som vi bare kunne ta for gitt før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
msgstr "Gjenoppbygging av friheter som tidligere var antatt: Eksempler"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
"Internett-vanene dine naboer eller sjefen. du surfer vaner \"personvern\" "
"var trygg på."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid "What made it assured?"
msgstr "Hva gjorde at det var sikret?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter 10, your "
-"privacy was assured because of an inefficient architecture for gathering "
-"data and hence a market constraint (cost) on anyone who wanted to gather "
-"that data. If you were a suspected spy for North Korea, working for the CIA, "
-"no doubt your privacy would not be assured. But that's because the CIA "
-"would (we hope) find it valuable enough to spend the thousands required to "
-"track you. But for most of us (again, we can hope), spying doesn't pay. The "
-"highly inefficient architecture of real space means we all enjoy a fairly "
-"robust amount of privacy. That privacy is guaranteed to us by friction. Not "
-"by law (there is no law protecting \"privacy\" in public places), and in "
-"many places, not by norms (snooping and gossip are just fun), but instead, "
-"by the costs that friction imposes on anyone who would want to spy."
+"Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
+"assured because of an inefficient architecture for gathering data and hence "
+"a market constraint (cost) on anyone who wanted to gather that data. If you "
+"were a suspected spy for North Korea, working for the CIA, no doubt your "
+"privacy would not be assured. But that's because the CIA would (we hope) "
+"find it valuable enough to spend the thousands required to track you. But "
+"for most of us (again, we can hope), spying doesn't pay. The highly "
+"inefficient architecture of real space means we all enjoy a fairly robust "
+"amount of privacy. That privacy is guaranteed to us by friction. Not by law "
+"(there is no law protecting \"privacy\" in public places), and in many "
+"places, not by norms (snooping and gossip are just fun), but instead, by the "
+"costs that friction imposes on anyone who would want to spy."
msgstr ""
"Vel, hvis vi tror når det gjelder metoder jeg beskrevet i kapittel 10, "
"personvernet var forsikret på grunn av en ineffektiv arkitektur for å samle "
"normer (snooping og sladder er bare morsomt), men i stedet av kostnader som "
"friksjon pålegger på alle som ønsker å spy."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Amazon"
msgstr "Amazon"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
"enklere å samle inn data enn ikke. friksjonen har forsvunnet, og dermed alle "
"\"personvern\" beskyttet av friksjonen forsvinner, også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
"friksjon i går."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, \"Fair Information Practices and the "
"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),\" <citetitle>Stanford "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 284
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"It is this reality that explains the push of many to define \"privacy\" on "
"the Internet. It is the recognition that technology can remove what friction "
"affirmatively act where, before, privacy was given by default."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software movement. "
"maskinen på en ibm-maskin, slik at data Generelt og ibm ikke vare mye om "
"hvordan du styrer deres programvare."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Stallman, Richard"
msgstr "Stallman, Richard"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
"researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
"smarte sorten selv, og en talentfull programmerer, begynte Stallman å basere "
"seg frihet til å legge til eller endre på andre personers arbeid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
"være gratis å tinker med og forbedre koden som kjørte en maskin. Dette, "
"også, var kunnskap. Hvorfor bør ikke være åpen for kritikk som noe annet?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
"meg å selge en skriver til markedet enn det var for deg."
#. PAGE BREAK 285
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
"og som han mente, hvis han gjorde ikke noe om det, og frihet til å endre og "
"dele programvare ville være grundig svekket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
"system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
"the birth of the GNU project, into which Linus Torvalds's \"Linux\" kernel "
-"was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system."
+"was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Derfor, i 1984, startet Stallmann på et prosjekt for å bygge et fritt "
+"operativsystem, slik i hvert fall en flik av fri programvare skulle "
+"overleve. Dette var starten på GNU-prosjektet, som \"Linux\"-kjernen "
+"til Linus Torvalds senere ble lagt til i for å produsere "
+"GNU/Linux-operativsystemet. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
"andre å bygge på. hans grunnleggende målet var frihet; nyskapende, kreative "
"koden var en byproduct."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
"gjenerobring et mellomrom der fri programvare ville overleve. Han var aktivt "
"beskytter hva før hadde vært passivt garantert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
"journaler er produsert."
#. PAGE BREAK 286
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
"den, er lexis og westlaw også gjerne Belast brukerne for privilegiet av å få "
"tilgang til at Høyesterett mening gjennom sine respektive tjenester."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
"ingenting galt med å selge allemannseie, det kan være noe galt i prinsippet "
"med selger tilgang til materiale som ikke er allemannseie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
"gjennom proprietære tjenester? Hva om ingen hadde muligheten til å bla "
"gjennom denne data unntatt ved å betale for et abonnement?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
"journaler (arkitektur)—nemlig at det var svært vanskelig å kontrollere "
"tilgangen til en papir-journal."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
"Således, som med personvern og med programvare, en skiftende teknologi og "
"markedet forminske en frihet tatt for gitt før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
"utskriftsversjon av sitt arbeid, men opphavsretten for utskrift journal "
"forhindre ikke høyre for noen til å videredistribuere arbeidet gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
"konkurransen i vår tradisjon er presumptively en god—spesielt når det "
"bidrar til å spre kunnskap og vitenskap."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
-msgstr "Gjenoppbyggeing av fri kultur: En idé"
+msgstr "Gjenoppbygging av fri kultur: En idé"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
"samme strategi som kan brukes til kultur, som et svar på økende kontrollen "
"berørt gjennom lov og teknologi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
"vanntett lisenser, gjør dette mulig."
#. PAGE BREAK 288
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>—which means without a middleman, or "
"annet enn \"all\" eller \"Nei\" ekstreme. innholdet er merket med kopi-"
"merket, som ikke betyr at copyright fratres, men at visse friheter er gitt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
"bruk, så lenge alle kopiene ikke er laget. eller til slutt, noen pedagogisk "
"bruk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
"enkeltpersoner og skaperne vil gjøre dette innholdet tilgjengelig. og at "
"innholdet i sin tur kan vi bygge et offentlig-domene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Garlick, Mia"
msgstr "Garlick, Mia"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons. And of "
"kaller dem) hvem hjelpe bygge allemannseie, og ved deres arbeid, demonstrere "
"viktigheten av public domain til andre kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The aim is not to fight the \"All Rights Reserved\" sorts. The aim is to "
"bruke dem – er nødvendig. Creative commons gir folk en måte for effektivt å "
"begynne å bygge disse reglene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
"nettet og gratis, under en creative commons-lisens på samme dag som det gikk "
"på salg i bokhandler."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
"(2)-varer enn dårlig-(1) s, strategien for lanserer cory bok gratis on-line "
"trolig vil øke salg av cory's bok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion. "
"første romanen av en science fiction-forfatteren var en total suksess."
#. PAGE BREAK 290
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
"også."
#. f2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
"Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
"content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
"creativity might grow."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
"det til andre."
#. PAGE BREAK 291
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
"med creative commons-friheter. så er neste trinn å se på og feire skaperne "
"som bygger innhold basert på innhold satt fri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
"commons, avhengig av frivillig tiltak for å oppnå dette å gjenoppbygge. de "
"vil føre til en verden der flere frivillige trinnene er mulig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
"forfattere og skaperne å utøve sine rettigheter, mer fleksibelt og billig. "
"at vi tror forskjellen, aktiverer kreativitet å spre lettere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
msgid "THEM, SOON"
msgstr "Dem, snart"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will not reclaim a free culture by individual action alone. It will also "
"til disse idéene og implementere disse reformene. men det betyr også at vi "
"har tid til å bygge opp bevisstheten rundt endringene som vi trenger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
"skritt, ikke en slutt. men noen av disse trinnene vil bære oss en lang vei "
"til vår side."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "1. More Formalities"
msgstr "1. Flere formaliteter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
"flybillett, har navnet ditt på den."
#. PAGE BREAK 293
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
"disse er alle formaliteter knyttet til egenskapen. de er krav som vi alle må "
"bære hvis vi ønsker vår eiendom skal beskyttes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
"registrere deg. du trenger ikke engang å merke innholdet. standard er "
"kontrollen, og \"formaliteter\" er kastet ut."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Why?"
msgstr "hvorfor?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"As I suggested in chapter 10, the motivation to abolish formalities was a "
-"good one. In the world before digital technologies, formalities imposed a "
-"burden on copyright holders without much benefit. Thus, it was progress when "
-"the law relaxed the formal requirements that a copyright owner must bear to "
-"protect and secure his work. Those formalities were getting in the way."
+"As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
+"\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good one. In "
+"the world before digital technologies, formalities imposed a burden on "
+"copyright holders without much benefit. Thus, it was progress when the law "
+"relaxed the formal requirements that a copyright owner must bear to protect "
+"and secure his work. Those formalities were getting in the way."
msgstr ""
"som jeg antydet i kapittel 10, var motivasjon til å avskaffe formaliteter en "
"god en. i verden før digital teknologi pålagt formaliteter en byrde på "
"loven avslappet formelle krav som en opphavsrettsinnehaveren må bære å "
"beskytte og sikre hans arbeid. disse formaliteter var komme i veien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a burden. "
"styrker mange i stillhet der de ellers kunne snakke."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only. "
"jeg tror det vil være fordelaktig for samme idéen om å bli vedtatt av andre "
"land også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder type=\"footnote"
"\" id=\"0\"/>—but it should not change it by going back to the old, "
"formalities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
"gjorde. men et revidert system av formaliteter ville forvise regjeringen fra "
"prosessen, unntatt for formålet å godkjenne standarder utviklet av andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"
msgstr "Registrering og fornying"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
"første reaksjon er panikk—ingenting kunne være verre enn tvinge folk "
"til å håndtere rotet som er copyright kontoret."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
"private selskaper å tjene allmennheten, underlagt standarder som regjeringen "
"angir."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet. There "
"opp."
#. PAGE BREAK 295
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
"lavere byrden av denne formalitet—mens en database med registreringer "
"som ville forenkler lisensiering av innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
msgid "MARKING"
msgstr "Merking"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
"og enda viktigere, det er ingen grunn et merking krav må håndheves jevnt på "
"tvers av alle medier."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
"mark gjør det også enkelt å finne en som har opphavsrettighetene for å sikre "
"tillatelse til å bruke arbeidet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
"retten til å straffe noen for ikke å få tillatelse først."
#. f2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
"enn er rettferdiggjort av marginale incitament opprettes."
#. PAGE BREAK 296
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
"published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
"would create a strong incentive for copyright owners to mark their work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
"for å godkjenne standarder for å merke innhold som har vært laget andre "
"steder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
"skape noe nytt; men vi vil stole på regjeringen for å holde produktet av "
"innovasjon i tråd med sin andre viktige funksjoner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements. "
"som er tatt i et bestemt år i ett trinn. Målet med formalitet er å unngå "
"unødige belastninger skaperen; selve systemet bør holdes så enkelt som mulig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
"ingenting for å gjøre ting klart. Ja, det synes designet for å gjøre ting "
"som er uklart."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
"type innhold; det ville være enkelt å hevde de rettighetene og å fornye at "
"påstanden på riktig tidspunkt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
msgstr "2. Kortere vernetid"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
"corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
"authors."
msgstr ""
-"begrepet av opphavsrett har gått fra fjorten år til ninety-fem år for "
-"corporate forfattere og livet forfatter pluss sytti år for naturlig "
-"forfattere."
+"Vernetiden i opphavsretten har gått fra fjorten år til nittifem år der "
+"selskap har forfatterskapet , og livstiden til forfatteren pluss sytti år "
+"for individuelle forfattere."
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"A Radical Rethink,\" Economist, 366:8308 (25 January 2003): 15, "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #74</"
-#| "ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"\"A Radical Rethink,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25 "
"January 2003): 15, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #74</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"A Radical Rethink,\" Economist, 366:8308 (25. januar 2003): 15, "
-"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #74</"
-"ulink>."
+"\"A Radical Rethink,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25. "
+"januar 2003): 15, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #74</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a seventy-five-"
"year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement of renewal "
"patents."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
"viktig å huske på om opphavsrett terms."
#. (1)
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
#. (2)
#. PAGE BREAK 298
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
"protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of \"fair "
"nødvendig å håndtere."
#. f4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation and/"
"or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at <ulink "
"or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), tilgjengelig fra "
"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #75</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "veterans' pensions"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed. "
"Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
msgstr ""
#. (4)
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
"usynlig). men øke deres belønning vil ikke øke sin kreativitet i 1923. Hva "
"er ikke gjort er ikke gjort, og det er ingenting vi kan gjøre med det nå."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
"copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
"Frem til 1976 var gjennomsnittelig vernetid kun 32.2 år. Vårt mål bør være "
"det samme."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas \"radical.\" (After all, I "
"call them \"extremists.\") But again, the term I recommended was longer than "
"lengre enn vernetiden under Richard Nixon. hvor \"radikalt\" kan det være å "
"be om en mer sjenerøs opphavsrettighet enn da Richard Nixon var president?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
msgstr "3. Fri Bruk vs. rimelig bruk"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
"gjorde ingen sans lenger for å gi så mye kontroll, gitt fremveksten av den "
"nye teknologien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors \"exclusive right"
"til å frigi den filmen, selv om filmen ikke er \"min skrive.\""
#. f5.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Benjamin Kaplan, An Unhurried View of Copyright (New York: Columbia "
-#| "University Press, 1967), 32."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
"York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
msgstr ""
-"Benjamin Kaplan, An Unhurried View of Copyright (New York: Columbia "
-"University Press, 1967), 32."
+"Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
"exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
msgstr ""
#. f6.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Ibid., 56."
msgstr "ibid., 56."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
"of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
"abracadabra of idea and expression.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
"de har ikke noen mening som en formløse grant. vurdere hver begrensning "
"igjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
"inducing kreativitet; Det er ikke viktig lenge etter skapende arbeid er "
"gjort."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
"denne generelle krav om tillatelse betyr for den kreative prosessen. "
"Smothers det."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
"poengsum—det ikke fornuftig å kreve forhandling for den unforeseeable. "
"her, ville en lovfestet rett gjøre mye mer fornuftig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
msgstr "Goldstein, Paul"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Paul Goldstein, Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the Celestial "
-#| "Jukebox (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), 187–216. "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
"Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
"187–216. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Paul Goldstein, Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the Celestial Jukebox "
-"(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), 187–216. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
+"Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
+"187–216. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
"the presumption should be that other uses are not protected. This is the "
"that expanded protections follow expanded uses."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
"med innovasjon."
#. PAGE BREAK 301
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
"kultur for andre å dyrke. og under en lovbestemte rettigheter-regimet at "
"gjenbruk ville tjene artister mer inntekter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "4. Liberate the Music—Again"
msgstr "4. Frigjør musikken—igjen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
"fleste, de fleste presserende—musikk. Det er ingen andre spørsmål som "
"bedre lærer erfaringene fra denne boken enn slagene rundt deling av musikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
"etterspørselen etter forskrifter som til slutt drepe innovasjon på "
"nettverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
"offentlig fremføring av sitt arbeid, og til en profesjonell artist å "
"kontrollere kopier av hennes ytelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
"content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
-"all the file-sharing networks do. As I described in chapter 5, they enable "
-"four different kinds of sharing:"
+"all the file-sharing networks do. As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle="
+"\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"piracy\"/>, they enable four different "
+"kinds of sharing:"
msgstr ""
"fildeling nettverk komplisere denne modellen ved å aktivere spredning av "
"innhold som utøveren ikke er blitt betalt. men selvfølgelig, det er ikke "
"fire forskjellige typer deling:"
#. A.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
"CDs."
"Det er noen som bruker delingsnettverk som erstatninger for å kjøpe CDer."
#. B.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
#. PAGE BREAK 302
#. C.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
"ha vært altfor vanskelig å få kjøpt via nettet."
#. D.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
"ikke er opphavsrettsbeskyttet, eller for å få tilgang som "
"opphavsrettsinnehaveren åpenbart går god for."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
"omfanget av typen b. som med videospillere, hvis netto effekt av en deling "
"er faktisk ikke svært skadelige, behovet for regulering er betydelig svekket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"As I said in chapter 5, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial. "
-"For the purposes of this chapter, however, I assume the harm is real. I "
-"assume, in other words, that type A sharing is significantly greater than "
-"type B, and is the dominant use of sharing networks."
+"As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"piracy"
+"\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial. For the purposes "
+"of this chapter, however, I assume the harm is real. I assume, in other "
+"words, that type A sharing is significantly greater than type B, and is the "
+"dominant use of sharing networks."
msgstr ""
"som jeg sa i kapittel 5, er den faktiske skaden forårsaket av deling "
"kontroversielt. i hensikt av dette kapitlet, men antar jeg skaden er reell. "
"Jeg antar, med andre ord, denne typen en deling er betydelig større enn type "
"b, og er dominerende bruk av deling av nettverk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
"that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should respond."
"Uansett, det er et avgjørende faktum om den gjeldende teknologiske "
"omgivelsen som vi må huske på hvis vi skal forstå hvordan loven bør reagere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
"idé."
#. PAGE BREAK 303
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
"Internett."
#. f8.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See, for example, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
"2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #76</"
"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#76</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
"you access to content on the fly—such as Internet radio, content that "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 304
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
"betalt, under denne overgangen mellom 1900-tallet modeller for å gjøre "
"forretnings- og tyve-første-tallet teknologier."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The answer begins with recognizing that there are different \"problems\" "
"med ransoms. det ville være feil å utestenge betale telefoner for å "
"eliminere kidnapping."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Type C content raises a different \"problem.\" This is content that was, at "
"arbeidet er glemt. Uansett bør sikte på loven å forenkle tilgang til dette "
"innholdet, ideelt på en måte som returnerer noe til kunstneren."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
"perspektiv, denne \"deling\" av hans innhold uten hans blir kompensert er "
"mindre enn ideell."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem out-of-"
"gratis som handel bøker."
#. PAGE BREAK 305
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
"utvikle rundt idéen om handel dette innholdet, og kunstnere vil dra nytte av "
"denne handelen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
"royalty skyldte for slike kopiering bør være mye mindre enn beløpet skyldte "
"en kommersiell utgiver."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
"som problemet er, forstå at vi er midt i en radikal endring i teknologien "
"for å levere og tilgang til innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
"this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
"sider i denne krigen, men som jeg tror vil gi mer mening når en får tenkt "
"seg om."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
"innhold industrien."
#. PAGE BREAK 306
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
"asbestos. But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law. "
"eller p2p-teknologien som i dag skader innholdsleverandører på internett, så "
"bør vi finne en relativt enkel måte å kompensere de som blir skadelidende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Fisher, William"
msgstr "Fisher, William"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"William Fisher, <citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</"
"citetitle> (last revised: 10 October 2000), available at <ulink url=\"http://"
"\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
"Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
"be paid for by (4) an appropriate tax."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
"tilgangen."
#. PAGE BREAK 307
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
"ville ikke sterkt belaster semiotic demokrati Hvis det var noen "
"begrensninger på hva en var tillatt å gjøre med selve innholdet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of \"harm\" "
"en sang. og ingen tvil om det vil være mye konkurranse å tilby og selge "
"musikk på nettet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This competition has already occurred against the background of \"free\" "
"seter og måltider servert mens du ser en film—er de kampen og lykkes i "
"å finne måter å konkurrere med \"gratis\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
"lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
"bruke innhold, og ikke lenger frykte usikre og barbarisk strenge straffer "
"fra loven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
msgstr "Oppsummert, så er dette mitt forslag:"
#. PAGE BREAK 308
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
"transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
"denne teknologiske endringen, samtidig vi muliggjør, og oppmuntrer, den mest "
"effektive teknologien vi kan lage."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
msgstr ""
"Vi kan minimere skaden og samtidig maksimere fordelen med innovasjon ved å"
#. 1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
msgstr "garantere retten til å engasjere seg i type-D-deling;"
#. 2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
"type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
"kommersiell type-C-deling med en lav og fast rate fastsatt ved lov."
#. 3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
"extent actual harm is demonstrated."
"mens denne overgangen pågår, skattlegge og kompensere for type-A-deling, i "
"den grad faktiske skade kan påvises."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"But what if \"piracy\" doesn't disappear? What if there is a competitive "
"market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number of "
"signifikant antall av forbrukere fortsetter å \"ta\" innhold uten å betale? "
"Burde loven gjøre noe da?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
"develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
"finne måter å spore opp de smålige piratene."
#. PAGE BREAK 309
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
"type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
"får betalt, mens vi beskytter rommet for nyskapning og kreativitet som "
"internettet er."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
msgstr "5. Spark en masse advokater"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
"in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
"ikke fordi det er mye penger å tjene, men fordi det innebærer idealer som "
"jeg elsker å leve opp til."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
"have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
"synet ødelegge loven."
#. f10.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
-#| "Memorial Lecture), UCLA Law Review 48 (2001): 1057, 1069–70."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
"Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): 1057, "
"1069–70."
msgstr ""
"Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
-"Memorial Lecture), UCLA law Review 48 (2001): 1057, 1069–70."
+"Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): 1057, "
+"1069–70."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a \"radical\" by "
"many within the profession, yet the positions that I am advocating are "
"utøver i opphavsrettsfeltet, Melville Nimmer, at den var åpenbar."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
"not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
"imidlertid ikke bare om en profesjonell skjevhet. Det handler enda viktigere "
"om vår manglende evne til å faktisk ta inn over oss hva loven koster."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to "
-#| "be commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading "
-#| "him to question his own publicly stated position—twice. He "
-#| "initially predicted that downloading would substantially harm the "
-#| "industry. He then revised his view in light of the data, and he has since "
-#| "revised his view again. Compare Stan J. Liebowitz, Rethinking the "
-#| "Network Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace (New "
-#| "York: Amacom, 2002), (reviewing his original view but expressing "
-#| "skepticism) with Stan J. Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record "
-#| "Industry?\" working paper, June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-#| "free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Liebowitz's careful analysis "
-#| "is extremely valuable in estimating the effect of file-sharing "
-#| "technology. In my view, however, he underestimates the costs of the legal "
-#| "system. See, for example, Rethinking, 174–76. <placeholder type="
-#| "\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
"commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
"å stille spørsmål med sin egen uttalte posisjon—to ganger. I starten "
"predicated han at nedlasting ville påføre industrien vesentlig skade. Han "
"endret så sitt syn etter i lys av dataene, og han har siden endret sitt syn "
-"på nytt. Sammenlign Stan J. Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy: The "
-"True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace (New York: Amacom, 2002), "
-"(gikk igjennom hans originale syn men uttrykte skepsis) med Stan J. "
-"Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" artikkelutkast, "
-"juni 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #86</ulink>. Den nøye analysen til Liebowitz er ekstremt verdifull "
-"i sin estimering av effekten av fildelingsteknologi. Etter mitt syn "
-"underestimerer han forøvrig kostnaden til det juridiske system. Se, for "
-"eksempel, Rethinking, 174–76. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"på nytt. Sammenlign Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network "
+"Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Amacom, 2002), (gikk igjennom hans originale syn men uttrykte skepsis) "
+"med Stan J. Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" "
+"artikkelutkast, juni 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"cc/notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Den nøye analysen til Liebowitz er ekstremt "
+"verdifull i sin estimering av effekten av fildelingsteknologi. Etter mitt "
+"syn underestimerer han forøvrig kostnaden til det juridiske system. Se, for "
+"eksempel, <citetitle>Rethinking</citetitle>, 174–76. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits. But "
"more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
"samfunnsfagsundervisning lærte dem at det fungerer."
#. PAGE BREAK 310
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
"anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
"med vårt juridiske systemet er så hårreisende høyt vil en praktisk talt "
"aldri oppnå rettferdighet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
"the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
"av doktrine er avhengig av nøyaktig arbeid. Men nøyaktig arbeid koster for "
"mye, bortsett fra i de mest høyprofilerte og kostbare sakene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
"tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
"prosenten av klientene. Det kan gjøres radikalt mer effektivt, og billig, "
"og dermed radikalt mer rettferdig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
"from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
"unna områder der vi vet den bare vil skade. Og det er nettopp det loven "
"altfor ofte vil gjøre hvis for mye av vår kultur er lovregulert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
"technology—the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
"virkeligheten slik den var i Brezhnevs Russland."
#. PAGE BREAK 311
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"The law should regulate in certain areas of culture—but it should "
"regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
"spørsmålet: \"vil det bidra positivt?\". Når de blir utfordret om det "
"utvidede rekkevidden til loven, er advokat-svaret, \"Hvorfor ikke?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect
ion><section><para>
msgid ""
"We should ask, \"Why?\" Show me why your regulation of culture is needed. "
"Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your lawyers "
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff